Does digitalization promote green innovation quality? evidence from chinese manufacturing firms | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Does digitalization promote green innovation quality? evidence from chinese manufacturing firms Lu Zhang, Zixin He, Xiaodie Shi, Zhaohua Xiao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7583698/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract With high-speed growth of the Chinese economy, environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent, and green innovation has become the key to solving environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. This study scrutinizes whether digitalization promotes the quality of green innovation with Chinese A-share listed manufacturing enterprises. The results reveal that digitalization is positively associated with green innovation quality, and the female ratio of top management team negatively moderates the focal relationship, while government subsidies positively moderate the relationship, and R&D investment plays a mediating role. Our findings shed insight into enhancing green innovation quality in the digital era. Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Social science/Environmental studies digitalization green innovation quality female ratio of top management team government subsidies R&D investment Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Tables are available in the Supplementary Files section. Supplementary Files Table1Descriptivestatistics.docx Table2Correlationanalysis.docx Table3Regressionresultofmaineffect.docx Table4ResultsofthemoderatingeffectofTMTfe.docx Table5Resultsofthemoderatingeffectofgovern.docx Table6Resultsofthemediationmechanisms.docx Table7Robustnesstestresultsofsubstitutionco.docx Table8Laggedregressionresultsofcoreexplanat.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7583698","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":526866108,"identity":"33139c88-6e7c-4f43-b4e7-3bcdf442e3f1","order_by":0,"name":"Lu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan First Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":526866109,"identity":"92a1caf9-713e-46f8-bc1a-8b1b4c701927","order_by":1,"name":"Zixin He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan First Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zixin","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":526866110,"identity":"5ce5d7e0-2eb6-4da8-97ba-6781dd0cce93","order_by":2,"name":"Xiaodie Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan First Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaodie","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":526866111,"identity":"21e486d6-3291-4bcc-beb7-1849afe789b1","order_by":3,"name":"Zhaohua Xiao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfv7GxgcJBhL1jO0NYAHGBkJaJGccbjb4UGCTwNxzgEgtBgfS2wRnfEhLYJ+RQKQWhgMH25h5DA7n8c58/PgzD4ON7IYDzM8e4NPB2NzY9hiopVhydpqZNA9DmvGGA2zmBvi0MDMcbDcGamHcODuHjZmH4XDihgM8bBL4tLAxJLZJg7Tsv3mGGeiw/4S18AC1SM4wSEtsnMHDAHTYAcJaJCQOAgPZwMaYsSfNTHKOQbLxzMNsZni12J9vf/gg4Y+EHGP74ccf3lTYyfYdb36GVwsaAAUVMwnqR8EoGAWjYBRgBwAQ2k0JNaM4fwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Central South University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhaohua","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-10 14:08:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7583698/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7583698/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":93433842,"identity":"0a8e7670-3ea1-479d-a371-2aa2eef26214","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"jpg","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":49746,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"figure1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/2fb8471f791a6238d1d3fe45.jpg"},{"id":93433846,"identity":"aa84f76d-aa17-40a1-8340-9c2b1392179b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":122587,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/f3d82f74f47dad7d9edba915.docx"},{"id":93597627,"identity":"90972a35-b46b-45e0-a47e-315d82ac3058","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:16:43","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":143273,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"figure2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/eea8920472b879f756c2c091.jpg"},{"id":93433849,"identity":"b2558bd9-50f6-438e-aa06-18159a9745f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14103,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table1Descriptivestatistics.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/42167277cfdc398e1399bd58.docx"},{"id":93597655,"identity":"314dd2af-6c61-4eda-bf97-9d64700f0359","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:17:52","extension":"docx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15570,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table2Correlationanalysis.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/7ab9b1e09529a06d5ec6deb0.docx"},{"id":93597878,"identity":"70333628-7e30-4b1a-9351-24bbffc4b508","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:24:46","extension":"docx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15107,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table3Regressionresultofmaineffect.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/068fa7840200c12765b9a421.docx"},{"id":93433867,"identity":"b4a547f0-bda9-4d35-beb9-3552426dce32","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14694,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table4ResultsofthemoderatingeffectofTMTfe.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/5a0e5eca7a57e9b90b89b77c.docx"},{"id":93597699,"identity":"6c101a7e-b340-4ad7-8b80-7d2cbf6764e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:19:30","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table5Resultsofthemoderatingeffectofgovern.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/1f420ab77dc5a67463f3f31e.docx"},{"id":93433858,"identity":"5900cfce-4e42-409c-a88a-f78ebbf329cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15189,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table6Resultsofthemediationmechanisms.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/e5bc0315043ff1716d50c0d2.docx"},{"id":93597474,"identity":"72fd907c-7796-477b-be93-659fc7f4082a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:08:07","extension":"docx","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15304,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table7Robustnesstestresultsofsubstitutionco.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/23814fa875b42c56e1e8d396.docx"},{"id":93433857,"identity":"7bcf8eca-1a96-434a-9c77-3c1f97c1d0ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":14150,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table8Laggedregressionresultsofcoreexplanat.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/de93fb797b59a06c7e00037e.docx"},{"id":93597679,"identity":"96f3466d-b159-4f0c-b970-3626f1f383da","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:19:28","extension":"json","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":5099,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"d04832fecc5848e7ae28d4cbb2b21d46.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/a8626fb78212ce20d3629de2.json"},{"id":93598356,"identity":"2cd43ff3-5347-43c1-9b24-d342317ef27c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:27:36","extension":"xml","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":193054,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"d04832fecc5848e7ae28d4cbb2b21d461enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/e1686eba1d3bec95ee86b087.xml"},{"id":93433863,"identity":"bcbf05ff-bf6f-4595-bd44-a97dc015f17b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"jpg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":49746,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"figure1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/dad34217fed045b1c349edeb.jpg"},{"id":93597702,"identity":"a360d37a-d238-440a-a20a-e701979a31a8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:19:35","extension":"jpg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":143273,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"figure2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/734aa365e29b3df75622d4ca.jpg"},{"id":93433866,"identity":"b590e08e-3e28-4bfb-b73c-66b2fd6a9249","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":10327,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefigure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/dbd4f909015c061ca9ec5e09.png"},{"id":93433868,"identity":"3d8d116e-ea10-40d7-84cf-cd27509b1919","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:21","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":175711,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefigure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/9ef4db2330a853408d398a08.png"},{"id":93433870,"identity":"3cc7b10a-8c48-404f-96dd-404aaf4bea1d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:21","extension":"xml","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":191222,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"d04832fecc5848e7ae28d4cbb2b21d461structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/989ed2304859ccf429712dc7.xml"},{"id":93433869,"identity":"f658c90b-44a8-418f-9169-2a54c1b06f65","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:21","extension":"html","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":197771,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/9c5f2765a2d6ef83409cfd74.html"},{"id":93433843,"identity":"a12350e8-2ee4-4845-b6fa-cad23a7385c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":41915,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eConceptual model\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"figure1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/0aedc679faf5ba4dae48aa02.jpg"},{"id":93433845,"identity":"4d06846e-fde9-4455-91a5-6bdbbdda3406","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":143273,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKeywords of DI\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"figure2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/b0b8568a7d13b3ecd88ea769.jpg"},{"id":101343376,"identity":"45b8fcb6-8268-4fff-bdaa-df11de43cbfc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-28 16:42:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":640563,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1_covered_18bf6c24-5267-4162-a3a1-41752bb2f8d3.pdf"},{"id":93597705,"identity":"61d4a4c3-33dd-4709-ad8e-fa1bec9fed26","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:19:36","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14103,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table1Descriptivestatistics.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/0abb5bee7d08ce8e1ac7f3dd.docx"},{"id":93433853,"identity":"15fd0cd1-e6e2-442c-875a-894c3b2a0584","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15570,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table2Correlationanalysis.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/d6c1c266481c1e4b326c1df3.docx"},{"id":93433847,"identity":"47af1ad7-66f7-4fd8-a0bd-1be0d9b692fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15107,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table3Regressionresultofmaineffect.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/c683ddf692984ce909553361.docx"},{"id":93597651,"identity":"bec0ddd1-0791-4444-944b-cfc95da43547","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:17:45","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14694,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table4ResultsofthemoderatingeffectofTMTfe.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/770019b9336c4124cc8733ec.docx"},{"id":93433851,"identity":"4fbf5735-d707-47fb-aaac-0d31cfa63714","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14650,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table5Resultsofthemoderatingeffectofgovern.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/e90d13a5071f51c70d25e55b.docx"},{"id":93597467,"identity":"5aa9781a-3874-4c0d-b610-de0a39dfe154","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:08:00","extension":"docx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15189,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table6Resultsofthemediationmechanisms.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/7080e1313cd4edc34044e61b.docx"},{"id":93433859,"identity":"1d947cfb-b22b-4ec8-b806-5882c61945eb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-13 19:09:20","extension":"docx","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":15304,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table7Robustnesstestresultsofsubstitutionco.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/95cf1aa4d5546698dd88b172.docx"},{"id":93597652,"identity":"265fb752-e059-423b-b450-e6c091437247","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-15 14:17:46","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14150,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Table8Laggedregressionresultsofcoreexplanat.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7583698/v1/07074f1f0b1c5a55608186e4.docx"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cp\u003eNo competing interests reported.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables are available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e","formattedTitle":"Does digitalization promote green innovation quality? evidence from chinese manufacturing firms","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"digitalization, green innovation quality, female ratio of top management team, government subsidies, R\u0026D investment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7583698/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7583698/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWith high-speed growth of the Chinese economy, environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent, and green innovation has become the key to solving environmental pollution and achieving sustainable development. This study scrutinizes whether digitalization promotes the quality of green innovation with Chinese A-share listed manufacturing enterprises. The results reveal that digitalization is positively associated with green innovation quality, and the female ratio of top management team negatively moderates the focal relationship, while government subsidies positively moderate the relationship, and R\u0026amp;D investment plays a mediating role. Our findings shed insight into enhancing green innovation quality in the digital era.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Does digitalization promote green innovation quality? evidence from chinese manufacturing firms","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-13 19:09:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7583698/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"80da6aae-97ce-41d6-b335-4e53ba00976f","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":55999885,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental sciences"},{"id":55999886,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences"},{"id":55999887,"name":"Social science/Environmental studies"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-28T16:40:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-13 19:09:15","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7583698","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7583698","identity":"rs-7583698","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.