A highly accurate fluorescence thermometer based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique for photo-thermotherapy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A highly accurate fluorescence thermometer based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique for photo-thermotherapy Qian Gao, Ping Zhang, Xufang Wang, Xianglong Xiao, Lihui Huang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6476879/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A highly accurate fluorescence thermometer based on FIR technique was developed for the timely temperature detection in the photo-thermotherapy. The strong thermally-coupled green upconversion luminescence in Ca 0.5 La(MoO 4 ) 2 :Er 3+ /Yb 3+ phosphors was well-resolved and un-overlapped, which was advantageous to achieve the precise temperature calibration. The temperature accuracy was evaluated by multiple parallel measurements and a small absolute temperature error of -0.3K ~ + 0.2K were achieved in the newly-developed fluorescence thermometer. Moreover, good photothermal conversion efficiency and stability under 808nm laser irradiation indicate that Ca 0.5 La(MoO 4 ) 2 :Nd 3+ phosphors can be used for the clinical photothermal therapy. A dual-function prototype was demonstrated, which can achieve real-time temperature monitoring during photothermal therapy. Fluorescence thermometer upconversion fluorescence intensity ratio photothermal conversion Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6476879","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":453367358,"identity":"374f5eb4-d178-4419-b6a5-0daf707d91a8","order_by":0,"name":"Qian Gao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qian","middleName":"","lastName":"Gao","suffix":""},{"id":453367359,"identity":"4d594996-ac1e-4cd7-9bd2-d5c144f64e5d","order_by":1,"name":"Ping Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ping","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":453367360,"identity":"6a6edce8-f20d-40ca-89f7-0fd6b960b87d","order_by":2,"name":"Xufang Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xufang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":453367361,"identity":"a53bbb10-14c8-43a7-9196-d4f22e058551","order_by":3,"name":"Xianglong Xiao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xianglong","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiao","suffix":""},{"id":453367362,"identity":"56d1fd7f-cfe6-49f2-9c7e-bfc99f2728fa","order_by":4,"name":"Lihui Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lihui","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":453367363,"identity":"ab0ff0ee-f469-4318-bb53-72411ef28a73","order_by":5,"name":"Shiqing Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shiqing","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":453367364,"identity":"ede95885-986b-414b-8ff8-d0989e3e4e61","order_by":6,"name":"Shilong Zhao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIie3RsQrCMBCA4ZRCXAKuJ6K+wkGgLuKzpAi6iAgubgod3Jwr9iEqgvNJQRcfwLFdOjlLtxqdnGLdBPMPSYb7ICGM2Wy/GDyXabmoM+aTPjrLagRd1Vgy9SVBPV+NdLZBlhXIJ/JMaSJYrxWTm6cm4kQnKQWKmXdRSpOhjIl30URcUF6TITiHK3uSxI9JcDARDqN7o0B09uGLlJ+JgLEHApUfw4vQZwIwnum3kAT9lmOEA7lJuGcknXC0y4o5teuri5/e5v3W+hzkRvJ+R6U/SO9uxXldjarP2mw221/1AHVkR5yVpuJZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"China Jiliang University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shilong","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":453367365,"identity":"29f3c0c4-b53e-4040-9681-df32936a9561","order_by":7,"name":"Xiuli Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hangzhou Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiuli","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-18 07:23:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6476879/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6476879/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83555302,"identity":"564ca081-5452-4f17-9c72-fefc07ae33a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-28 11:32:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":658880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6476879/v1_covered_eee2f1f5-4301-48a0-a0a5-76b9f151ccab.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A highly accurate fluorescence thermometer based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique for photo-thermotherapy","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
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