Changes in biochemical compositions and salinity tolerance responses of different bread wheat varieties cultivated in an arid and semi-arid climate

Changes in biochemical compositions and salinity tolerance responses of different bread wheat varieties cultivated in an arid and semi-arid climate | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Changes in biochemical compositions and salinity tolerance responses of different bread wheat varieties cultivated in an arid and semi-arid climate Saeed Norouzi, Gholamali Akbari This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7654242/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the differential responses of several wheat cultivars under saline conditions through two complementary experiments, a laboratory-based Petri dish test and a field trial. Therefore, the effects of salinity levels (control, 4, 8, and 12 dS.m − 1 ) were firstly studied on seed germination indices and some growth-related parameters of six bread wheat cultivars/new promising lines (e.g., cultivars of Chamran-2, Mehrgan, Marvdasht, and Narin, as well as new promising lines of MS-89-13 and MS-90-13) using a factorial based on the completely randomized design in the Petri test for ten days in three replications. Subsequently, different responses of the superior cultivars/lines selected were evaluated under both normal and saline field conditions through a combined analysis using a randomized complete block design, conducted over the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons with three replications. The Petri data showed that salinity levels negatively influenced germination indices, with the highest germination percentage, optimal T50 values, longest shoot length, and highest leaf protein content observed under the control (non-saline) treatment across all cultivars. Among cultivars, the Chamran-2 cultivar achieved the highest germination percentage, shoot length, and leaf protein content, and the lowest T50 value. Additionally, the minimum values of root length and root length stress tolerance index traits were observed for the interaction of MS-89-13 promising line×12dS.m − 1 salinity level. Field experiment data revealed that the highest values for plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain and biological yields, pigment contents, grain protein, wet gluten, and gluten index were recorded in plants grown under normal conditions during the second year of the study. Chamran-2, and then Mehregan had more proper conditions and had longer plants, heavier grain weight, and higher grain and biological yields. However, the maximum values for wet gluten and gluten index were obtained for Mehregan and Narin cultivars, respectively. The highest straw yield was obtained under the Chamran-2 cultivar×Normal farm×Second year interaction. The highest catalase activity was recorded for saline conditions and the first year of the experiment, and the highest superoxide dismutase activity was observed for the Narin cultivar×Saline conditions×Second year interaction. Eventually, considering the predominant characteristics of the farm experiments, Chamran-2 and Mehrgan cultivars can be cultivated in the southern regions of Iran and similar areas as a reference. Biological sciences/Physiology Biological sciences/Plant sciences Enzymatic/non-enzymatic activities Gluten index Grain protein Grain yield Salt tolerance Top cultivar Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Sep, 2025 Editor invited by journal 25 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 18 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7654242","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":525757106,"identity":"cbf0d844-1b4b-4e5d-a3ae-1be828cfa61f","order_by":0,"name":"Saeed 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different bread wheat varieties cultivated in an arid and semi-arid climate","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Enzymatic/non-enzymatic activities, Gluten index, Grain protein, Grain yield, Salt tolerance, Top cultivar","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7654242/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7654242/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study aimed to investigate the differential responses of several wheat cultivars under saline conditions through two complementary experiments, a laboratory-based Petri dish test and a field trial. Therefore, the effects of salinity levels (control, 4, 8, and 12 dS.m\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) were firstly studied on seed germination indices and some growth-related parameters of six bread wheat cultivars/new promising lines (e.g., cultivars of Chamran-2, Mehrgan, Marvdasht, and Narin, as well as new promising lines of MS-89-13 and MS-90-13) using a factorial based on the completely randomized design in the Petri test for ten days in three replications. Subsequently, different responses of the superior cultivars/lines selected were evaluated under both normal and saline field conditions through a combined analysis using a randomized complete block design, conducted over the 2020\u0026ndash;2021 and 2021\u0026ndash;2022 growing seasons with three replications. The Petri data showed that salinity levels negatively influenced germination indices, with the highest germination percentage, optimal T50 values, longest shoot length, and highest leaf protein content observed under the control (non-saline) treatment across all cultivars. Among cultivars, the Chamran-2 cultivar achieved the highest germination percentage, shoot length, and leaf protein content, and the lowest T50 value. Additionally, the minimum values of root length and root length stress tolerance index traits were observed for the interaction of MS-89-13 promising line\u0026times;12dS.m\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e salinity level. Field experiment data revealed that the highest values for plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain and biological yields, pigment contents, grain protein, wet gluten, and gluten index were recorded in plants grown under normal conditions during the second year of the study. Chamran-2, and then Mehregan had more proper conditions and had longer plants, heavier grain weight, and higher grain and biological yields. However, the maximum values for wet gluten and gluten index were obtained for Mehregan and Narin cultivars, respectively. The highest straw yield was obtained under the Chamran-2 cultivar\u0026times;Normal farm\u0026times;Second year interaction. The highest catalase activity was recorded for saline conditions and the first year of the experiment, and the highest superoxide dismutase activity was observed for the Narin cultivar\u0026times;Saline conditions\u0026times;Second year interaction. Eventually, considering the predominant characteristics of the farm experiments, Chamran-2 and Mehrgan cultivars can be cultivated in the southern regions of Iran and similar areas as a reference.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Changes in biochemical compositions and salinity tolerance responses of different bread wheat varieties cultivated in an arid and semi-arid climate","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-08 04:19:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7654242/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-16T15:04:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-09T11:08:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-07T06:06:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-05T19:02:12+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-04T19:50:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"339288774202170026587385933345004989776","date":"2025-09-30T07:44:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"302279472289813436925310324259850912798","date":"2025-09-29T08:43:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"141428059361602582464290327433760332805","date":"2025-09-27T07:35:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"87238672548112735985733513489529297473","date":"2025-09-26T07:13:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-26T04:09:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-25T19:09:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-24T11:34:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-23T14:45:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-19T03:58:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ba042953-7df9-42fd-8ce0-3a5d55972c8a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 8th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":55873462,"name":"Biological sciences/Physiology"},{"id":55873463,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-05T16:02:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7654242","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28944-0","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-29 15:58:24","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 29th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-08 04:19:19","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-28944-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-28944-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7654242","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7654242","identity":"rs-7654242","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}