Deep Insights Into The Coupled Optoelectronic Analysis Of ETL Thin Films And Photovoltaic Analysis Of CsPbI 3 -Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Simulations

Deep Insights Into The Coupled Optoelectronic Analysis Of ETL Thin Films And Photovoltaic Analysis Of CsPbI 3 -Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Simulations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Deep Insights Into The Coupled Optoelectronic Analysis Of ETL Thin Films And Photovoltaic Analysis Of CsPbI 3 -Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Simulations Salah Eddine BOUSSAADA, Younes MOUCHAAL, Houaria RIANE, Abdelbacet KHELIL This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5883627/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI 3 ) is a type of perovskite compound used in solar cells. CsPbI 3 has a unique structure that efficiently absorbs sunlight, making it highly efficient for generating power. It can be made using low-cost methods and adjusted to capture different parts of sunlight. However, its stability in varying conditions is a challenge that researchers are working to overcome. CsPbI 3 perovskite shows promise for creating efficient and affordable solar cells, though stability remains an area of focus.In this study, the thicknesses, optical gaps and electron mobility of the electron transport layer (ETL) derived from a mixture of oxides: SnO 2 and CoO (SnCoOx), were calculated using experimental UV-Vis spectrometry and Hall Effect measurements. The results were then used as input data for the simulation of CsPbI 3 -based s using SCAPS 1-D software. In addition, several materials were compared as electron transport layers (ETLs), including C 60 , CdS, IGZO, PCBM, ZnO, CdZnS and TiO 2 , comparing them initially with SnCoOx as well as organic and inorganic hole transport materials (HTLs) such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT:PSS, P3HT, CuO, CuI and CuO 2 . The results showed that SnCoOx as ETL and Cu 2 O as HTL are the most suitable materials among those studied. In addition, device performance was enhanced by optimizing various parameters such as back electrode work function, absorber thickness, doping density, defect density, series and shunt resistances, and temperature. Under optimal conditions, a conversion efficiency of 21.34% was achieved for the FTO/ (75%) SnO 2(25%) Co/CsPbI 3 /Cu 2 O/Au solar cell. This investigation illustrates the potential of SnCoOx as an ETL for the production of renewable energy that is free of toxicity. CsPbI3 Perovskite solar cells SnCoOx ETL HTL SCAPS-1D Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Optical and Quantum Electronics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 02 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 02 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Jan, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Jan, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jan, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 29 Jan, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Jan, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Jan, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Jan, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5883627","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":406688504,"identity":"407d31bd-a093-4f13-a680-502aba2c7639","order_by":0,"name":"Salah Eddine BOUSSAADA","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABXklEQVRIie2RMWvCQBiGL4Rel6SuV6LkL6QIthKqfyVHQBdpBRcHhyuBc7KuN0j9C3ZxPjlwCnRNcDF06OJQKIilaelFaRNBoWOHPMNx+S5Pvve7AJCT8y9RiSoXhSbbnxoCXQBg9i2UfVAOKv4fFLKnbL9wRDH7s7u3dtcu3RseV9tdUTf7IgreH8TNGXJOJpu4Zl72uRJufhXLx57B/GaZFueOynyBJ36jXB1MRQciB4YD6l6MfEe9SttYABNDpwJT1LJUuXEs4FSQPpUV7Wkd6IQrDDgQWWmwYeR96F+JcvuaKHVz+LI+/xwlCodhHPM6Kyxlx3SYAFNDJ9suIFEUErQqu8opgQsNcsxkQsTTYEFEbW0uZ0ENS8ih8CRYdezivLlTStR1GYq8KskEc8VC69mlMXOjZ3l1MljzMVz1bDz2AAxXce2aFdxZ5sb24IfLyb87dpKTk5OTc5BvgTuIYIrd+A8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Université Mustapha Stambouli de MASCARA","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Salah","middleName":"Eddine","lastName":"BOUSSAADA","suffix":""},{"id":406688505,"identity":"cf12ca73-3889-4ad0-9d18-e8a59ca06b50","order_by":1,"name":"Younes MOUCHAAL","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Mustapha Stambouli de MASCARA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Younes","middleName":"","lastName":"MOUCHAAL","suffix":""},{"id":406688506,"identity":"3422a597-d9d2-4117-85e0-c4ebe82cf25a","order_by":2,"name":"Houaria RIANE","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Mustapha Stambouli de MASCARA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Houaria","middleName":"","lastName":"RIANE","suffix":""},{"id":406688508,"identity":"366eba98-65af-4d49-9c6d-ed68035515dc","order_by":3,"name":"Abdelbacet KHELIL","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Université Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdelbacet","middleName":"","lastName":"KHELIL","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-22 21:08:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5883627/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5883627/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-025-08200-5","type":"published","date":"2025-04-16T15:57:34+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81050971,"identity":"bcf7ea6c-04fd-4206-8dac-39e33fdc26e6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-21 16:09:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1263350,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2812024ArticleSnCoOxScapscourr.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5883627/v1_covered_6a60f1dc-a9d7-4734-85e4-575be3385e5a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Deep Insights Into The Coupled Optoelectronic Analysis Of ETL Thin Films And Photovoltaic Analysis Of CsPbI 3 -Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Simulations","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"CsPbI3, Perovskite solar cells, SnCoOx, ETL, HTL, SCAPS-1D","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5883627/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5883627/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCesium lead iodide (CsPbI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) is a type of perovskite compound used in solar cells. CsPbI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e has a unique structure that efficiently absorbs sunlight, making it highly efficient for generating power. It can be made using low-cost methods and adjusted to capture different parts of sunlight. However, its stability in varying conditions is a challenge that researchers are working to overcome. CsPbI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e perovskite shows promise for creating efficient and affordable solar cells, though stability remains an area of focus.In this study, the thicknesses, optical gaps and electron mobility of the electron transport layer (ETL) derived from a mixture of oxides: SnO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and CoO (SnCoOx), were calculated using experimental UV-Vis spectrometry and Hall Effect measurements. The results were then used as input data for the simulation of CsPbI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-based s using SCAPS 1-D software. In addition, several materials were compared as electron transport layers (ETLs), including C\u003csub\u003e60\u003c/sub\u003e, CdS, IGZO, PCBM, ZnO, CdZnS and TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, comparing them initially with SnCoOx as well as organic and inorganic hole transport materials (HTLs) such as Spiro-OMeTAD, PEDOT:PSS, P3HT, CuO, CuI and CuO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. The results showed that SnCoOx as ETL and Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO as HTL are the most suitable materials among those studied. In addition, device performance was enhanced by optimizing various parameters such as back electrode work function, absorber thickness, doping density, defect density, series and shunt resistances, and temperature. Under optimal conditions, a conversion efficiency of 21.34% was achieved for the FTO/\u003csub\u003e(75%)\u003c/sub\u003eSnO\u003csub\u003e2(25%)\u003c/sub\u003eCo/CsPbI\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e/Cu\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO/Au solar cell. This investigation illustrates the potential of SnCoOx as an ETL for the production of renewable energy that is free of toxicity.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Deep Insights Into The Coupled Optoelectronic Analysis Of ETL Thin Films And Photovoltaic Analysis Of CsPbI 3 -Based Perovskite Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D Simulations","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-28 18:46:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5883627/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-03-02T20:23:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-03-02T19:20:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"266919465239665291320537580312002804461","date":"2025-02-10T04:34:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"125522281519955281574298341363565564469","date":"2025-01-31T15:00:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-01-29T15:08:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"338272383874729112836033283139601524602","date":"2025-01-29T15:00:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-01-29T14:56:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-01-24T13:13:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-01-23T13:38:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","date":"2025-01-22T21:06:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e172daaa-8754-4d34-91b6-4c4a9f5ee294","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-21T16:03:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5883627","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-025-08200-5","journal":{"identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics"},"publishedOn":"2025-04-16 15:57:34","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 16th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-28 18:46:47","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11082-025-08200-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-025-08200-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5883627","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5883627","identity":"rs-5883627","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}