Genome wide identification of SCL transcription factors in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and expression analyses under phytohormones, drought and salt stress

Genome wide identification of SCL transcription factors in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and expression analyses under phytohormones, drought and salt stress | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Genome wide identification of SCL transcription factors in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and expression analyses under phytohormones, drought and salt stress Liqin Liang, Siyao LV, Xinyue Zhang, Yuehua Zhao, Liyan Wang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8953685/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Abiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, severely limit the yield and quality of potato. As a pivotal subfamily of GRAS transcription factors, SCARECROW-like (SCL) proteins play essential roles in phytohormone signaling and stress adaptation; however, their systematic characterization and functional mechanisms in potato remain largely unexplored. Results In this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification of the SCL family, identifying 71 StSCL genes in potato. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that potato StSCL proteins exhibit the closest evolutionary relationship with their counterparts in tomato. Structural and promoter analyses demonstrated that StSCL members possess conserved GRAS and DELLA domains and are enriched with cis -acting elements responsive to ABA, SA, JA, GA, and various abiotic stresses. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified StSCL13 , StSCL24 , and StSCL66 as potential hub genes. Expression profiling revealed tissue-specific patterns and broad responsiveness to hormonal and stress treatments. The StSCL3 was localized to the nucleus and was significantly induced by ABA, GA, SA, JA, and drought stress, but suppressed under salt stress. This divergent regulation suggests that StSCL3 functions as a complex signal "integrator" that integrates multiple hormonal pathways to modulate stress adaptation and growth. Conclusions Collectively, this study elucidates the evolutionary characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of the potato SCL family, highlighting the pivotal role of StSCL3 in hormone signaling and abiotic stress responses, and providing a theoretical foundation for improving stress resistance in potato. Solanum tuberosum L. SCL gene family Abiotic stress Phytohormone signaling Drought and salt stress Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Fig.S3ConstructionofpCAMBIAsuper1300subcellularlocalizationvector.jpeg Fig.S3ConstructionofpCAMBIAsuper1300subcellularlocalizationvector.docx Fig.S1Predictive3DstructuresofStSCLs.docx FigS3SupplementaryFileYC6314FABX74709.pdf Fig.S2CisactingelementsonthepromotersofStSCLs.docx Fig.S2CisactingelementsonthepromotersofStSCLs.jpeg Fig.S1Predictive3DstructuresofStSCLs.jpeg TableS5TheqRTPCRresultsofStSCL3.xlsx TableS1PhysiochemicalpropertiesofStSCLs.xlsx TableS4ThetranscriptomedatascorrespondingtotheStSCLsheatmapanalysis.xlsx TableS3ProteinandproteininteractioninformationofStSCLs.xlsx TableS2Theinformationofsyntenyanalysisamongfivespecies.xlsx TableS6PrimersofPCRandRTqPCR.xlsx OriginalImages.xlsx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 12 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 25 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 16 Mar, 2026 Editor invited by journal 16 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 13 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8953685","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":607331343,"identity":"8df108c3-8deb-495a-abc3-361c3ba03ef8","order_by":0,"name":"Liqin Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Liqin","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":607331344,"identity":"5c73919b-a53e-4923-9eeb-cbeaf47166fa","order_by":1,"name":"Siyao LV","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanxi Normal 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stress","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Solanum tuberosum L., SCL gene family, Abiotic stress, Phytohormone signaling, Drought and salt stress","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8953685/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8953685/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbiotic stresses, such as drought and salinity, severely limit the yield and quality of potato. As a pivotal subfamily of GRAS transcription factors, SCARECROW-like (SCL) proteins play essential roles in phytohormone signaling and stress adaptation; however, their systematic characterization and functional mechanisms in potato remain largely unexplored.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, we conducted a genome-wide identification of the SCL family, identifying 71 StSCL genes in potato. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that potato StSCL proteins exhibit the closest evolutionary relationship with their counterparts in tomato. Structural and promoter analyses demonstrated that StSCL members possess conserved GRAS and DELLA domains and are enriched with \u003cem\u003ecis\u003c/em\u003e-acting elements responsive to ABA, SA, JA, GA, and various abiotic stresses. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis identified \u003cem\u003eStSCL13\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eStSCL24\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eStSCL66\u003c/em\u003e as potential hub genes. Expression profiling revealed tissue-specific patterns and broad responsiveness to hormonal and stress treatments. The \u003cem\u003eStSCL3\u003c/em\u003e was localized to the nucleus and was significantly induced by ABA, GA, SA, JA, and drought stress, but suppressed under salt stress. This divergent regulation suggests that StSCL3 functions as a complex signal \"integrator\" that integrates multiple hormonal pathways to modulate stress adaptation and growth.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollectively, this study elucidates the evolutionary characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of the potato SCL family, highlighting the pivotal role of \u003cem\u003eStSCL3\u003c/em\u003e in hormone signaling and abiotic stress responses, and providing a theoretical foundation for improving stress resistance in potato.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Genome wide identification of SCL transcription factors in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and expression analyses under phytohormones, drought and salt stress","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-18 12:16:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8953685/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-13T03:16:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-12T00:56:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"36341544686757722897662619344054960121","date":"2026-04-28T03:53:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"145415286967818505294335869256745012355","date":"2026-04-25T06:51:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"316538476833558200192938963189473986340","date":"2026-04-23T08:45:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"43290603991763180179506531424793302340","date":"2026-03-29T03:55:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-26T00:46:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"171949892025513065963137085107334292418","date":"2026-03-23T10:04:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-17T01:26:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-16T08:05:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-16T07:56:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-13T18:26:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Plant Biology","date":"2026-03-13T07:36:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4141b0a9-696e-402a-92e4-a262440022a5","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 18th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-13T03:16:57+00:00","index":60,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-12T00:56:07+00:00","index":59,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-18T12:16:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-18 12:16:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8953685","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8953685","identity":"rs-8953685","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}