Milling Force Coefficients-based Tool Wear Monitoring for Variable Parameters Milling

Tool wear is an important factor that affects the aeronautical structural parts' quality and machining accuracy in the milling process. It is essential to monitor the tool wear in titanium alloy machining. The traditional tool wear features such as root mean square (RMS), kurtosis, and wavelet packet energy spectrum are related to not only the tool wear status but also to the milling parameters, thus monitoring the tool wear status only under fixed milling parameters. This paper proposes a new method of online monitoring of tool wear using milling force coefficients. The instantaneous cutting force model is used to extract the milling force coefficients which are independent of milling parameters. The principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to fuse the milling force coefficients. Furthermore, support vector machine (SVM) model is used to monitor tool wear states. Experiments with different machining parameters were conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method used for tool wear monitoring. The results show that compared to traditional features, the milling force coefficients are not dependent on the milling parameters, and using milling force coefficients can effectively monitor the transition point of cutters from normal wear to severe wear (tool failure).