mGnRHa and Domperidone in separated PLGA microspheres enhance spermiation in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

mGnRHa and Domperidone in separated PLGA microspheres enhance spermiation in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article mGnRHa and Domperidone in separated PLGA microspheres enhance spermiation in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Nastaran Sharafi, Fatemeh Paykan Heyrati, Mohammad Dinari, Salar Dorafshan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7547149/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Artificial reproduction in fish species with strong dopaminergic inhibition typically relies on acute hormone injections, while controlled-release strategies remain underutilized. This study aimed to develop, for the first time, separately encapsulated microspheres of mGnRHa and domperidone using a PLGA polymer matrix for spermiation induction in male goldfish ( Carassius auratus ), serving as a dopaminergic species model. Microspheres were synthesized via single and double emulsion techniques. The entrapment efficiencies of mGnRHa and DOM microspheres were 94.48% and 98.21%, respectively. Forty adult males were randomly divided into four groups: negative control (empty microspheres), positive control (acute injection of 5 µg/kg b.w. mGnRHa + 2.5 mg/kg b.w. DOM), M10 and M20; microspheres containing 10 µg/kg b.w. mGnRHa + 5 mg/kg b.w. DOM, and 20 µg/kg b.w. + 10 mg/kg b.w. DOM, respectively. Spermatogenic parameters were evaluated at 24, 72 h, and 10 days post-injection. Sustained-release treatments (M10 and M20) significantly enhanced sperm volume, spermatocrit, density, motility, and viability compared to control groups ( P < 0.05). Improvements were most pronounced in M20, particularly at 10 days. These results demonstrate that PLGA-based microspheres containing mGnRHa and DOM, when encapsulated separately, are a promising alternative to conventional hormone therapies, offering enhanced and prolonged spermiation in species with dopaminergic inhibition. Biological sciences/Biological techniques Biological sciences/Biotechnology Biological sciences/Physiology Biological sciences/Zoology Spermiation Microspheres mGnRHa Domperidone Sustained-release Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7547149","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":548217140,"identity":"97f11f81-6b3a-4690-a120-6ce4ebe0105f","order_by":0,"name":"Nastaran Sharafi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Isfahan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nastaran","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharafi","suffix":""},{"id":548217141,"identity":"2afa8257-73ab-4b2f-9342-19682a78128a","order_by":1,"name":"Fatemeh Paykan 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auratus)","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Spermiation, Microspheres, mGnRHa, Domperidone, Sustained-release","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7547149/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7547149/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eArtificial reproduction in fish species with strong dopaminergic inhibition typically relies on acute hormone injections, while controlled-release strategies remain underutilized. This study aimed to develop, for the first time, separately encapsulated microspheres of mGnRHa and domperidone using a PLGA polymer matrix for spermiation induction in male goldfish (\u003cem\u003eCarassius auratus\u003c/em\u003e), serving as a dopaminergic species model. Microspheres were synthesized via single and double emulsion techniques. The entrapment efficiencies of mGnRHa and DOM microspheres were 94.48% and 98.21%, respectively. Forty adult males were randomly divided into four groups: negative control (empty microspheres), positive control (acute injection of 5 \u0026micro;g/kg b.w. mGnRHa\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;2.5 mg/kg b.w. DOM), M10 and M20; microspheres containing 10 \u0026micro;g/kg b.w. mGnRHa\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;5 mg/kg b.w. DOM, and 20 \u0026micro;g/kg b.w. + 10 mg/kg b.w. DOM, respectively. Spermatogenic parameters were evaluated at 24, 72 h, and 10 days post-injection. Sustained-release treatments (M10 and M20) significantly enhanced sperm volume, spermatocrit, density, motility, and viability compared to control groups (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Improvements were most pronounced in M20, particularly at 10 days. These results demonstrate that PLGA-based microspheres containing mGnRHa and DOM, when encapsulated separately, are a promising alternative to conventional hormone therapies, offering enhanced and prolonged spermiation in species with dopaminergic inhibition.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"mGnRHa and Domperidone in separated PLGA microspheres enhance spermiation in Goldfish (Carassius auratus)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-22 15:01:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7547149/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"22a715ff-1764-4ec5-a6ca-bbb12447e06f","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":58333218,"name":"Biological sciences/Biological techniques"},{"id":58333219,"name":"Biological sciences/Biotechnology"},{"id":58333220,"name":"Biological sciences/Physiology"},{"id":58333221,"name":"Biological sciences/Zoology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-04T06:08:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-22 15:01:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7547149","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7547149","identity":"rs-7547149","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}