Utilising frequency-time analysis (FTAN) of surface waves for geotechnical and dam investigations

Utilising frequency-time analysis (FTAN) of surface waves for geotechnical and dam investigations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Utilising frequency-time analysis (FTAN) of surface waves for geotechnical and dam investigations Craig O’Neill, Wei-Xuen Heng, Ao Chang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4752831/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The shallow shear-wave velocity structure of the subsurface is a key input for dam engineering, civil construction, and earthquake hazard assessments. Many commercial solutions lack sensitivity in resolving complex shallow Vs structure. Here we develop a frequency-time analysis approach for shallow active source seismic data, and demonstrate its sensitivity to common depth ranges of geotechnical investigations. We show the approach’s effectiveness in isolating the fundamental mode in group-velocity maps of Rayleigh waves, typically acquired in one-component geophone active surveys. We present a number of examples, ranging from construction to hydrogeological investigations, demonstrating FTAN’s ability to resolve complex shallow structures and its high visual correlation with independent geotechnical information, such as logs. Sensitivity kernel calculations show that FTAN has significantly more depth penetration than equivalent active techniques like refraction, at given shot-receiver distances, raising the possibility of processing legacy survey data for greater depth resolution and Vs structure. FTAN surface-wave engineering geophysics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4752831","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":332081378,"identity":"8cf1861b-1ded-47fb-90d5-243811976c1e","order_by":0,"name":"Craig O’Neill","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCA2CSmbnxwAeIgAGxWhgbDs5gYJAgSgsUMDYc5iFGC//sww8PfmGwyeNnB2qxKTtcx8DevE2CoeYwTi0S59IMDsswpBVLNgO15Jw7LMHAc6xMguEYbi0GPAwGQGWHEzccBmrJbQOyJXLMJBjY8Glh/wDWsh+kxRKkRf4NUMs/fFp4DA5+ANkCDLHDjGBbeMwkgAzcfjnDU3CYwSAtcQbQloM959Il23jSii0S+9JxauHvYd/88UeFTWJ//+GDD36UWfPzsx/eeOPDN2ucWkCAmQceEWxgxMCQgFcDMA5/wJlsBJSOglEwCkbBiAQA78xSJcvHiyQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Queensland University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Craig","middleName":"","lastName":"O’Neill","suffix":""},{"id":332081379,"identity":"ae5ab6bc-aa7a-4885-975b-d7b03d4fc6d3","order_by":1,"name":"Wei-Xuen Heng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"GHD","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wei-Xuen","middleName":"","lastName":"Heng","suffix":""},{"id":332081383,"identity":"3f716f0a-9787-4c75-8a2f-9f1d87e9b083","order_by":2,"name":"Ao Chang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Queensland University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ao","middleName":"","lastName":"Chang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-17 01:46:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4752831/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4752831/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63713545,"identity":"83138f5c-ac89-4b49-a0cf-be078a286dbe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-01 04:01:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1851828,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FTANR3July2024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4752831/v1_covered_3707d81b-b6e6-4b18-ab56-0fb2001e3639.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Utilising frequency-time analysis (FTAN) of surface waves for geotechnical and dam investigations","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"FTAN, surface-wave, engineering geophysics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4752831/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4752831/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The shallow shear-wave velocity structure of the subsurface is a key input for dam engineering, civil construction, and earthquake hazard assessments. 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