Evaluation of air-conditioning load adjustable potential and control strategy considering user response fatigue characteristics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluation of air-conditioning load adjustable potential and control strategy considering user response fatigue characteristics Xiang Zhang, Li Zhong, Chencheng Wang, Linhuan Li, Jiefu Zhang, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7027015/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 13 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Air-conditioning load is regarded as a high-quality flexible resource due to its ambient thermal energy storage characteristics, fast response time and large load base. The key to its transformation into an adjustable resource lies in the potential assessment and control strategy research. In this paper, we first analyze the evolution of user response willingness with the number of response times, realize the effective modeling of user response fatigue characteristics by introducing the response fatigue function, and establish a response potential assessment model based on the air-conditioning load approximation aggregation model; and then establish a user screening model: by learning the user's electricity consumption habits online based on the theory of risk-averse multi-armed bandit, we prioritize the users who have a stronger willingness to participate in sending the demand response signal. Finally, in order to alleviate user response fatigue, different users are selected to participate in the response by cycle rotation, and a cycle rotation control strategy considering user response fatigue characteristics is proposed. Through simulation analysis, it is verified that the proposed evaluation method can more accurately evaluate the adjustable potential of air conditioning load, and the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce user fatigue with better response effect. Air conditioning loads demand response fatigue effects load aggregators potential assessment Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 02 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Sep, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 18 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 02 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7027015","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":504785761,"identity":"409835a5-234a-497a-b090-00b9914fa5b1","order_by":0,"name":"Xiang Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":504785762,"identity":"d57ff9e9-3b74-4950-a962-8dad743bcbf8","order_by":1,"name":"Li Zhong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Li","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhong","suffix":""},{"id":504785763,"identity":"093bd676-e845-4ee4-a91f-edbfa4bc2f76","order_by":2,"name":"Chencheng Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chencheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":504785764,"identity":"2c075d26-fbec-4e05-94d3-ba867a5d41bc","order_by":3,"name":"Linhuan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Linhuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":504785765,"identity":"4d431ea4-a1ca-4405-8d8a-955d885b8ad7","order_by":4,"name":"Jiefu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company Marketing Service Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiefu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":504785766,"identity":"0163a817-2141-4bd1-890c-c337240f9247","order_by":5,"name":"Zhou Han","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Anhui Nanrui Zhongtian Power Electronics Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhou","middleName":"","lastName":"Han","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-02 08:23:33","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7027015/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7027015/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":89887955,"identity":"f4b4bb0e-c19d-4973-a112-c64b9e97eff9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-26 06:56:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":561412,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Evaluationofairconditioningloadadjustablepotentialandcontrolstrategyconsideringuserresponsefatiguecharacteristics.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7027015/v1_covered_2d8ce8e1-a0fc-493c-9d10-457f3fbdb32f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evaluation of air-conditioning load adjustable potential and control strategy considering user response fatigue characteristics","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"electrical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"elen","sideBox":"Learn more about [Electrical Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/202)","snPcode":"202","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/202/3","title":"Electrical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Air conditioning loads, demand response, fatigue effects, load aggregators, potential assessment ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7027015/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7027015/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Air-conditioning load is regarded as a high-quality flexible resource due to its ambient thermal energy storage characteristics, fast response time and large load base. The key to its transformation into an adjustable resource lies in the potential assessment and control strategy research. In this paper, we first analyze the evolution of user response willingness with the number of response times, realize the effective modeling of user response fatigue characteristics by introducing the response fatigue function, and establish a response potential assessment model based on the air-conditioning load approximation aggregation model; and then establish a user screening model: by learning the user's electricity consumption habits online based on the theory of risk-averse multi-armed bandit, we prioritize the users who have a stronger willingness to participate in sending the demand response signal. Finally, in order to alleviate user response fatigue, different users are selected to participate in the response by cycle rotation, and a cycle rotation control strategy considering user response fatigue characteristics is proposed. Through simulation analysis, it is verified that the proposed evaluation method can more accurately evaluate the adjustable potential of air conditioning load, and the proposed control strategy can effectively reduce user fatigue with better response effect.","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of air-conditioning load adjustable potential and control strategy considering user response fatigue characteristics","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-26 06:32:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7027015/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-27T16:18:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-03T20:06:17+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-02T21:16:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"302699674544502186365659338348315423999","date":"2025-09-19T11:58:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"106211815138243222962208416244442230919","date":"2025-09-18T15:18:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"157751033536039507408589819144887000985","date":"2025-08-20T12:32:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-19T04:20:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"271535150789336290957912044393749220862","date":"2025-08-18T12:50:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"336776394334763022407669505887254952893","date":"2025-08-18T12:05:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-18T11:42:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-03T08:00:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-07-03T07:09:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Electrical Engineering","date":"2025-07-02T08:21:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"
[email protected]","identity":"electrical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"elen","sideBox":"Learn more about [Electrical Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/202)","snPcode":"202","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/202/3","title":"Electrical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"320c2ba6-c051-43af-bbf2-c45d9a6a85ea","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 26th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-27T16:23:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-26 06:32:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7027015","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7027015","identity":"rs-7027015","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}
Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below.
Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure
cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can
have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy
(via DOI)
is the canonical version.