Tracing rainfall-driven groundwater reserve using information-based model in shallow basaltic aquifer of Western India

Tracing rainfall-driven groundwater reserve using information-based model in shallow basaltic aquifer of Western India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Tracing rainfall-driven groundwater reserve using information-based model in shallow basaltic aquifer of Western India N.C. Mondal, Venkatarao Ajaykumar, Aswin Kokkat This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9607821/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Rainfall is the primary source of groundwater recharge; however, its quantitative assessment remains challenging due to hydrogeological complexity and methodological limitations. This study has applied information-based model to trace natural groundwater reserve in a shallow basaltic aquifer of Western India. Rainfall (RF) derived from IMD gridded datasets and shallow groundwater level (GWL) observations from CGWB monitoring wells were analysed. Transinformation, T (RF, GWL) was computed as the reduction in groundwater level uncertainty, H(GWL), attributable to rainfall information, H(RF). The fraction of transformation relative to rainfall entropy was used to estimate the rainfall contribution to groundwater reserve. Results indicate that the annual marginal entropy of rainfall ranged from 0.8781–1.6889 bits, while groundwater level entropy varied between 0.3902 to 2.5006 bits. On average, 16.9% of the monsoon rainfall is transformed into traceable groundwater reserve, revealing strong agreement with independently groundwater potential zones (R = 0.88). Shallow wells located downstream have shown limited rainfall response, indicating regulated hydrogeological influence. Groundwater reserve estimates are spatially assigned using the Thiessen polygon in ArcGIS, and have revealed higher monsoon reserves (~ 25.6% of the rainfall) in the forest area covering about 49% of the study area, and promotes enhanced rainfall recharge. The resulting groundwater reserve landscape in this basaltic terrain has demonstrated the effectiveness of information-based model in hydrogeological assessment, supporting sustainable groundwater management, water conservation planning, and future hydrogeological and geodynamic research. Hydrology Rainfall groundwater level transinformation Thiessen polygon groundwater reserve basaltic aquifer Western India Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9607821","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":634095686,"identity":"6dff9950-9850-42aa-9534-01ab4abd0bb9","order_by":0,"name":"N.C. 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This study has applied information-based model to trace natural groundwater reserve in a shallow basaltic aquifer of Western India. Rainfall (RF) derived from IMD gridded datasets and shallow groundwater level (GWL) observations from CGWB monitoring wells were analysed. Transinformation, T (RF, GWL) was computed as the reduction in groundwater level uncertainty, H(GWL), attributable to rainfall information, H(RF). The fraction of transformation relative to rainfall entropy was used to estimate the rainfall contribution to groundwater reserve. Results indicate that the annual marginal entropy of rainfall ranged from 0.8781\u0026ndash;1.6889 bits, while groundwater level entropy varied between 0.3902 to 2.5006 bits. On average, 16.9% of the monsoon rainfall is transformed into traceable groundwater reserve, revealing strong agreement with independently groundwater potential zones (R\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.88). Shallow wells located downstream have shown limited rainfall response, indicating regulated hydrogeological influence. Groundwater reserve estimates are spatially assigned using the Thiessen polygon in ArcGIS, and have revealed higher monsoon reserves (~\u0026thinsp;25.6% of the rainfall) in the forest area covering about 49% of the study area, and promotes enhanced rainfall recharge. The resulting groundwater reserve landscape in this basaltic terrain has demonstrated the effectiveness of information-based model in hydrogeological assessment, supporting sustainable groundwater management, water conservation planning, and future hydrogeological and geodynamic research.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Tracing rainfall-driven groundwater reserve using information-based model in shallow basaltic aquifer of Western India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-05 12:06:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9607821/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"38d2384c-c05b-4c4e-ba5c-79afa475f9bc","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 5th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":67479964,"name":"Hydrology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-05T12:06:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-05 12:06:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9607821","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9607821","identity":"rs-9607821","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}