Chronic Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Adhesions

Definition Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) comprises a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the upper female genital tract, including any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis (Centers for Disease Control 1997). Chronic abdominopelvic pain (CPP) and adhesive disease are significant sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease (Safrin et al. 1992). PID is most often due to ascent of organisms from the vagina and cervix, but it may also be from contiguous spread of organisms (e.g., from appendicitis) or from lymphatic or hematogenous spread (e.g., tuberculosis). PID may be iatrogenic after invasive diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, but more often it is spontaneously associated with sexual activity. Infection with gonococcus or chlamydia increases the risk of PID. In the United States,... Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only References Cacciatore, B., Leminen, A., Ingman-Friberg, S., et al. (1992). Transvaginal sonographic findings in ambulatory patients with suspected PID. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 80, 912–916. Centers for Disease Control. (1997). 1998 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR Recommendations and Reports, 47, 79–86. Curran, J. W. (1980). Economic consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1080, 138–905. Eschenbach, D. A., Buchanan, T., Pollock, H. M., et al. (1975). Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 293, 166. Haggerty, C. L., Schulz, R., & Ness, R. B. (2003). Lower quality of life among women with chronic pelvic pain after pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 102, 934–939. Jones, O. G., Saida, A. A., & St John, R. K. (1980). Frequency and distribution of salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in short stay in hospitals in the United States. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 138, 905. Moller, B. R., Krostiansen, F. V., Thorsen, P., et al. (1995). Sterility of the uterine cavity. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 74, 216–219. Monif, G. R. G., Welkos, S. L., Baer, H., et al. (1976). Cul-de-sac isolates from patients with endometritis, salpingitis, peritonitis and gonococcal endocervicitis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 126, 158. Paavonen, J., Aine, R., Teisala, K., et al. (1985). Comparison of endometrial biopsy and peritoneal fluid cytology with laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute PID. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 151, 645–650. Patton, D. L., Halbert, S. A., Kuo, C. C., et al. (1983). Host response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the fallopian tube in pig-tailed monkeys. Fertility and Sterility, 40, 829–840. Safrin, S., Schachter, J., Dahrouge, D., et al. (1992). Long-term sequelae of acute PID. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 166, 1300–1305. Washington, A. E., Cates, W., & Sadi, A. A. (1984). Hospitalizations for pelvic inflammatory disease. Epidemiology and trends in the United States 1975 and 1981. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 251, 2529–2533. Westrom, L. (1980). Incidence, prevalence and trends of acute pelvic inflammatory disease and its consequences in industrialized countries. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 138, 880–892. Westrom, L. (1988). Chronic pain after acute PID. In P. Belfort, J. A. Piatti, & T. K. A. B. Eskes (Eds.), Advances in gynecology and obstetrics. Proceedings of the XIIth World Congress Gynecol Obstet. Rio de Janerio. Westrom, L. V., & Berger, G. S. (1992). In G. S. Berger & L. V. Westrom (Eds.), Consequences of pelvic inflammatory disease (pp. 101–114). New York: Raven Press. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg About this entry Cite this entry Howard, F.M. (2013). Chronic Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Adhesions. In: Gebhart, G.F., Schmidt, R.F. (eds) Encyclopedia of Pain. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_713 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_713 Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28752-7 Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28753-4 eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences