Chronic Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Adhesions

This encyclopedia chapter describes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) as a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the upper female genital tract and outlines causes and sequelae, including chronic abdominopelvic pain (CPP) and adhesive disease. It summarizes how PID most often results from ascent of organisms from the vagina and cervix, but can also occur via contiguous spread, lymphatic/hematogenous spread, or after invasive procedures, with gonococcus or chlamydia increasing PID risk. The key caveat is that the text is a narrative overview rather than a single original study with a defined study population, so it does not quantify effect sizes or directly test mechanisms. Relevance to endometriosis: the paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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