Complete Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Jasmine Virus H (JaVH) Infecting Jasminum sambac in Türkiye

Complete Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Jasmine Virus H (JaVH) Infecting Jasminum sambac in Türkiye | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Complete Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Jasmine Virus H (JaVH) Infecting Jasminum sambac in Türkiye Gökmen KOÇ, Bekir Bülent ARPACI, Burak Özgören, ABDULKREEM ALSALMO This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8460044/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study represents the first identification and complete genome characterization of Jasmine virus H (JaVH) infecting Jasminum sambac in Türkiye belongs to the genus Pelarspovirus, family Tombusviridae and was first reported in Jasminum sambac in China before it was found in other countries. This paper presents an initial disease outbreak and full genome characterization of JaVH in plants of the genus J. sambac with observed yellow mosaics and leaf deformation symptoms reported in İskenderun, Hatay Province, southern Turkey. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was performed on the infected samples and the de novo assembly produced a complete genome of 3,867 nucleotides of virus. Genome annotation showed five open reading frames (ORFs) encoding for the replication related proteins, p27 and p87, two movement proteins (p7 and p9), and the coating protein p37, as expected with other members of pellarspovir . The analysis of the nucleotide revealed the maximum identity (91–93%) of the isolate with JaVH isolates described in China and the United States, which proved the identity of the Turkish isolate. Full-length genome phylogenetic analysis and MEGA-based analysis of the replicase and coat protein sequences placed the Turkish JaVH isolate in their well-substantiated clade with other JaVH isolates, separate to that of Jasmine mosaic-associated virus (JMaV) and Jasmine virus C (JaVC). This distinct genetic clustering to the point of classifying it as a separate JaVH isolate, as opposed to a separate species. This is the first case of JaVH to be reported in Turkey and adds to extant coverage of the wide geographic distribution of Pelarspovirus species in relation to jasmine infection across the globe. (HTS) Pelarspovirus Virus Detection Plant virology ornamental İskenderun Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 1. Introduction Jasmine ( Jasmine Sambac L.) is an essential oils and fragrant flower crop of the family Oleaceae that is grown globally and used as an ornamental crop. Jasmine is an economically and culturally important plant in Turkey especially in the southern Mediterranean area where it is widely cultivated in residential gardens and nurseries(Sudheera et al., 2014 ). Viral infections however, have become a rising threat to the production of jasmine and lead to mosaic, leaf, deformation, chlorosis, and reduction of the level of plant vigor(Addae et al., 2017 ; Garg & Garg, 2023 ). Jasmine diseases in various locations have been linked to a number of viruses. J. multiflorum was reported to be infected by tomato mosaic virus (genus Tobamovirus ) in Florida (Fillmer et al., 2015 ) and was shown to be infected by Tobacco streak virus (genus Ilarvirus ) in Jasmine sambac in India (Goud et al., 2013 ), and by Jasmine Virus C (JaVC) in Jasmine officinale in Italy (Amoia et al., 2022 ). Recently, a new virus, Jasmine virus H (JaVH), was initially described in J. sambac that showed yellow mosaic symptoms in Fujian Province, China (Zhuo et al., 2018 ). Genomic and phylogenetic studies showed that JaVH is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Pelarspovirus (family Tombusviridae ). Several plant viruses are now classified in this genus, including Pelargonium line pattern virus, Rosa rugosa leaf distortion virus, and Clematis chlorotic mottle virus which have a similar genome organization and replication behavior(Usharani et al., 2016 ; Widowati et al., 2018 ). After its identification in China, Jasmine virus H (JaVH) and the associated pelarspoviruses were later identified in jasmine plants in Hawaii and Washington, DC (Dey et al., 2018 ). Recently, JaVH was reported once more in the United States, in both single and mixed infections with Jasmine mosaic-associated virus (JMaV) in Florida (Dey et al., 2024 ). The latter paper was the first report of these two viruses infecting jasmine in Florida and increased the existing diversity and geographic range of Pelarspovirus species known to infect jasmine. Irrespective of these findings, there has been the unavailability of the occurrence and any molecular characterization of JaVH in the eastern Mediterranean basin. We present the initial identification and molecular characterization of the first case of a Jasmine virus H (JaVH) in plants of J. sambac with characteristic mosaic and chlorotic ring spot symptoms in south Turkey, Iskenderun. This discovery offers new data on JaVH presence in the Mediterranean area and adds to the general knowledge on the epidemiology and genetic variability of ornamental crops(Srivastava et al., 2021 ). 2. Method and material 2.1. Field Survey and Sampling During a field survey conducted in April 2024, Jasminum sambac (L.) plants exhibiting mosaic, leaf curling, and chlorotic mottling symptoms were observed in ornamental plantings in İskenderun, Hatay Province, southern Turkey. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected, cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, and stored at − 80°C until further analysis(Al-Waeli et al., 2024 ). 2.2. RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis Total RNA was extracted from 100 mg of symptomatic leaf tissue using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA concentration and purity were measured with a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and RNA integrity was evaluated using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, USA). Samples exhibiting RNA integrity number (RIN) greater than 7.0 were selected for downstream applications. Residual genomic DNA was eliminated using DNase I (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). First-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using Superscript IV Reverse Transcriptase (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and random hexamer primers according to the manufacturer’s protocol. 2.3. High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) and Assembly Purified RNA was subjected to high-throughput sequencing (HTS) by Gen Era, Türkiye . The sequencing library was constructed using the NEBNext Ultra II RNA Library Prep Kit (New England Biolabs, USA), and paired-end (2 × 150 bp) reads were generated on an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Raw reads were quality-assessed using FastQC v0.11.9 , and low-quality bases and adapters were trimmed with Trimmomatic v0.39 . To remove host-derived reads, sequences mapping to plant ribosomal and chloroplast sequences were filtered out using BWA-MEM v0.7.17 . The remaining reads were assembled de novo with Trinity v2.15.1 using default parameters. Assembled contigs were compared against the NCBI non-redundant (nr) protein database via BLASTx . Contigs showing significant similarity to members of the family Tombusviridae , genus Pelarspovirus , were identified as Jasmine virus H (JaVH). The complete viral genome was reconstructed, validated through read mapping with BWA v0.7.17 , and visualized using Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV v2.14.1) to confirm genome coverage and uniformity. 2.4. Genome Annotation and Comparative Analysis Open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted using NCBI ORF Finder and verified manually by alignment with reference pelarspovirus genomes. Pairwise nucleotide identity was calculated using SDT v1.2 (Sequence Demarcation Tool) . Multiple sequence alignment of complete JaVH genomes was performed using MAFFT v7 , and phylogenetic relationships were inferred with MEGA X (Kumar et al., 2018) employing the maximum likelihood method under the Tamura–Nei model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. 2.5. Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization To determine the genetic relationship of the Turkish JaVH isolate (JaVH-TR) with other reported JaVH genomes from China and the United States, complete genome sequences retrieved from GenBank were compared using pairwise identity matrices and phylogenetic clustering. Since only a single JaVH isolate was obtained in this study, population-level diversity indices (e.g., Tajima’s D, Fu’s Fs) were not computed. The complete genome of JaVH-TR has been submitted to the NCBI GenBank under accession number PX531343. 2.6. Visualization of Symptoms and Phylogeny Photographs of symptomatic Jasminum sambac plants and the corresponding phylogenetic tree were compiled and formatted for publication using Adobe Illustrator CC 2024. 3. Results 3.1. Symptom observation Jasmine plants ( Jasminum sambac ) exhibiting pronounced leaf mottling, yellow mosaic, and chlorotic patches were observed in home gardens in İskenderun, Hatay Province, southern Turkey (Fig. 1 ). The affected leaves showed variable degrees of deformation and discoloration, while adjacent plants displayed mild or no symptoms. The observed symptoms were consistent with those previously reported for Jasmine virus H (JaVH) and other Pelarspovirus infections in jasmine. 3.2. Genome characterization and sequence analysis High-throughput sequencing of total RNA from symptomatic jasmine leaves yielded a complete viral genome of approximately 3,870 nucleotides. BLASTn analysis of the assembled sequence revealed the highest nucleotide identity (97.4–99.1%) with Jasmine virus H (JaVH) isolates previously reported from China (Zhuo et al., 2018 ). The genome organization follows the characteristic structure of members of the genus Pelarspovirus (family Tombusviridae ), containing open reading frames encoding the replication-associated protein (Rep), movement protein (MP), and coat protein (CP). 3.3. Phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence placed the Turkish JaVH isolate within the Pelarspovirus clade, clustering closely with Chinese JaVH isolates from Yunnan (MH231182), Guangxi (MH231176) and Guangdong (MH231175), (Fig. 2 ). The JaVH İskenderun isolate (PX531343) formed a distinct yet well-supported subclade, clearly separated from Jasmine mosaic-associated virus (JMaV) and Jasmine virus C (JaVC). This grouping confirms that the Turkish isolate belongs to JaVH and represents the first record of this virus in Turkey. 3.4. Pairwise nucleotide identity Pairwise nucleotide identity comparisons among JaVH and related Pelarspovirus species were calculated using SDT v1.2 (Fig. 3 ). The JaVH İskenderun isolate showed 97–99% identity with Chinese JaVH sequences, 70–73% identity with JMaV isolates, and less than 50% identity with JaVC and Rosa rugosa leaf distortion virus (RrLDV). These results support the phylogenetic findings and confirm that the detected virus is a distinct isolate of Jasmine virus H . 4. Discussion Here, we describe the identification and molecular identification of the Jasmine virus H (JaVH) as a pathogen of J. sambac in İskenderun, Hatay Province, Turkey. This is a new geographic reference of JaVH and extends the distribution of known species of Pelarspovirus with jasmine to areas outside East Asia, Europe and United States. The mosaic and chlorotic spots that are identified on infected leaves are similar to those reported in China (Zhuo et al., 2018 ) and the United States (Dey et al., 2024 , 2018 ) and indicate that the symptoms described may be comparable among distinct geographies of the various isolates. The entire genome sequence that was obtained in the current study exhibited a genome structure and arrangement of genes which is characteristic of the representatives of the genus Pelarspovirus of the family Tombusviridae . Phylogenetic and pair-wise (Fig. 2 ), (Fig. 3 ), identity analyses verified that the Turkish isolate was of JaVH with a nucleotide identity of over 97% with previously described Chinese isolates and a well-supported clade in the Pelarspovirus lineage. Its distinct separation against Jasmine mosaic-associated virus and Jasmine virus C (JaVC) support its existence as a separate JaVH isolate but not as another species. The JaVH threat in Turkey is especially crucial, as it links the known instances of this virus between Asia (China and India) and Europe (Italy) and the eastern Mediterranean area, now. This pattern of distribution indicates that JaVH could have been transferred due to the transportation of infected planting material, which is in line with vegetative propagation methods that are predominantly applied in growing jasmine. This has been attributed to similar mechanisms that have been implicated in the spread of JMaV and related pelarspoviruses (Dey et al., 2024 ). In terms of epidemiology, JaVH naturally present in Turkish jasmine highlights the importance of regional monitoring and diagnostics screening of nursery and ornamental stock to avoid further transmission. Considering the economic and cultural significance of jasmine in Turkey and adjacent nations, identification of reliable molecular means of detecting any disease and enactment of phytosanitary mechanisms will be very necessary in managing the disease(Abou Kubaa et al., 2023 ; Raj et al., 2021 ). Finally, the current study extends the global spread of Jasmine virus H to the eastern Mediterranean and offers a full genomic resource in the future to compare and evolutionary studies. Subsequent research must be done to examine potential co-infections and host range, and the dynamics of transmission of JaVH to understand its epidemiology and potential influence on jasmine production. Declarations Funding This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Author Contributions G. Koç: Conceptualization, Investigation. B.B. Arpacı: Data curation. B. Özgören: Sample collection, Laboratory analysis. A. Alsalmo: Writing – original draft. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgement Thanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan Fidan for critical reviews of this article. References Abou Kubaa, R., Amoia, S.S., Altamura, G., Minafra, A., Chiumenti, M., Cillo, F., 2023. Nanopore Technology Applied to Targeted Detection of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Allows Sequencing of Related Viruses and the Diagnosis of Mixed Infections. Plants 12, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12050999 Addae, J.I., Pingal, R., Walkins, K., Cruickshank, R., Youssef, F.F., Nayak, S.B., 2017. Effects of Jasminum multiflorum leaf extract on rodent models of epilepsy, motor coordination and anxiety. Epilepsy Res. 131, 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.012 Al-Waeli, M., Shahmohammadi, N., Tavakoli, S., Dizadji, A., Kvarnheden, A., 2024. Infection of tomato in Iraq with tomato leaf curl Palampur virus and multiple variants of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. J. Plant Pathol. 106, 1283–1294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01682-4 Amoia, S.S., Minafra, A., Nicoloso, V., Loconsole, G., Chiumenti, M., 2022. A New Jasmine Virus C Isolate Identified by Nanopore Sequencing Is Associated to Yellow Mosaic Symptoms of Jasminum officinale in Italy. Plants 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030309 Dey, K.K., Leite, M., Hu, J.S., Jordan, R., Melzer, M.J., 2018. Detection of Jasmine virus H and characterization of a second pelarspovirus infecting star jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum) and angelwing jasmine (J. nitidum) plants displaying virus-like symptoms. Arch. Virol. 163, 3051–3058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3947-y Dey, K.K., Velez-Climent, M., Soria, P., McVay, J., Adkins, S., 2024. First Report of Mixed Infection of Jasmine Mosaic-Associated Virus (JMaV) and Jasmine Virus H (JaVH) in Jasmine Species in Florida, United States. Plant Health Prog. 25, 210–211. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-08-23-0073-BR Fillmer, K., Adkins, S., Pongam, P., D’Elia, T., 2015. Complete Genome Sequence of Tomato Mosaic Virus Isolated from Jasmine in the United States. Genome Announc. 3, e00706-15. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00706-15 Garg, P., Garg, V., 2023. Bibliometric Analysis of the Genus Jasminum: Global Status, Research and Trends. J. Herb. Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100711 Goud, T.E.S., Vemana, K., Reddy, D.L., Khureshee, C.S.M., Padma, J.G., Shabbir, S., Venkateswarlu, N.C., Naik, K.S.S., Kumar, D.S., Johnson, A.M.A., Subramanyam, K., 2013. First report of Tobacco streak ilarvirus infecting jasmine and horse gram. New Dis. Rep. 28, 7–7. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2013.028.007 Raj, S.K., Gaur, R.K., Yin, Z. (Eds.), 2021. Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants: Characterization, Identification, Diagnosis and Management. Springer Singapore, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3919-7 Srivastava, A., Verma, S., Singhal, T., Raj, S.K., 2021. Molecular Characterization of Viruses Occurring on Some Ornamental Shrubs Grown in India, in: Raj, S. K., Gaur, R.K., Yin, Z. (Eds.), Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants: Characterization, Identification, Diagnosis and Management. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 165–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3919-7_9 Sudheera, Y., Vardhan, G.P.V., Hema, M., Reddy, M.K., Sreenivasulu, P., 2014. Characterization of a potyvirus associated with yellow mosaic disease of jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) in Andhra Pradesh, India. VirusDisease 25, 394–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-014-0193-0 Usharani, T.R., Jalali, S., Manasa, M., Samuel, D.K., Krishnareddy, M., 2016. Identification of mixed infection caused by Badnavirus and CMV in Jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum Roth), Indian Journal of Biotechnology. Widowati, W., Janeva, W.B., Nadya, S., Amalia, A., Arumwardana, S., Kusuma, H.W.S., Arinta, Y., Author, C., 2018. Jasminum sambac as an antioxidant and antiaging Antioxidant and Antiaging Activities of Jasminum Sambac Extract, and its Compounds, Medical Sciences Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Zhuo, T., Zhu, L.J., Lu, C.C., Jiang, C.Y., Chen, Z.Y., Zhang, G., Wang, Z.H., Jovel, J., Han, Y.H., 2018. Complete nucleotide sequence of jasmine virus H, a new member of the family Tombusviridae. Arch. Virol. 163, 731–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3663-z Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 08 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 08 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 06 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8460044","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":581852880,"identity":"b3d48a79-f616-4fe0-a68d-e39797b4bff0","order_by":0,"name":"Gökmen KOÇ","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Cukurova Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gökmen","middleName":"","lastName":"KOÇ","suffix":""},{"id":581852881,"identity":"c63c653a-4d9d-43ea-8fb1-67ee17e16ede","order_by":1,"name":"Bekir Bülent ARPACI","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kilis 7 Aralik University: Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bekir","middleName":"Bülent","lastName":"ARPACI","suffix":""},{"id":581852882,"identity":"8195fd88-ca55-4b1d-9d03-f6b168dca663","order_by":2,"name":"Burak Özgören","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kilis 7 Aralik University: Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Burak","middleName":"","lastName":"Özgören","suffix":""},{"id":581852883,"identity":"f1916786-ed8a-46ca-8dd4-7f5d6f9c277f","order_by":3,"name":"ABDULKREEM ALSALMO","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQhlwcDAzHwAxJchVguQYmdLADF4SNDCz2MAYhHWIjn78NGNP2okovmZeT6/ulFjwcPAfvjoBnxapPnS0m7zHJPIndnMu8065xjQYTxpaTfwaZHj4TG7zcAmkbvhMO824xw2oBYJHjMCWvi/3fzxD6SF55lxzj8itEjz8LDd4G0Da2F+nNtGhBbJHjaz27x9IL+wmTHn9knwsBHyi8QZ5mc3f3yzye3nP/z4c863Ojl+9sPH8GpBBmzgSGIjVjkIMH8gRfUoGAWjYBSMHAAAcDhBQd+jLSEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4715-099X","institution":"Cukurova Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"ABDULKREEM","middleName":"","lastName":"ALSALMO","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-27 09:32:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8460044/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8460044/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":101631120,"identity":"5c5ff64d-a971-49b8-bfe3-21ca4cede361","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-02 05:28:48","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":300414,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMosaic and chlorotic symptoms on \u003cem\u003eJasminum sambac\u003c/em\u003eleaves naturally infected with Jasmine virus H (JaVH) collected from İskenderun, Hatay Province, Turkey. Affected leaves display distinct patterns of light and dark green mottling, mosaic, and chlorotic patches indicative of viral infection.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8460044/v1/e8a3fc0820e5d8135877a903.png"},{"id":101631123,"identity":"4c6268f0-6c26-4b65-8974-a73e18bfa6b3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-02 05:28:48","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":87881,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic analysis of \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e (JaVH) isolate from İskenderun, Hatay Province, Turkey, based on the complete genome sequence. The isolate clusters closely with JaVH isolates from China, forming a distinct clade within the \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e genus (family \u003cem\u003eTombusviridae\u003c/em\u003e). The scale bar represents 0.20 nucleotide substitutions per site.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8460044/v1/fcdfce533990d3876b5c2695.png"},{"id":101631122,"identity":"743bc9cb-d854-40b8-b960-d2cd1c32e859","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-02 05:28:48","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":24041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePairwise nucleotide identity matrix of \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e(JaVH) isolate from İskenderun, Turkey, and representative members of the genus (family \u003cem\u003eTombusviridae\u003c/em\u003e). The heatmap was generated using SDT v1.2, based on complete or partial genome sequences. red–orange indicate lower nucleotide identity, whereas green–blue indicate higher identity values. The JaVH İskenderun isolate shows the highest nucleotide similarity (≈97–99%) to Chinese JaVH isolates, supporting their close phylogenetic relationship.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8460044/v1/3837a0cfec77d18b0e8a5159.png"},{"id":101753253,"identity":"e14247ba-e193-4503-a7fc-fcd2d4e28d95","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-03 10:39:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1213652,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8460044/v1/a2566acc-459d-4f68-828f-d848c63f27cd.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Complete Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Jasmine Virus H (JaVH) Infecting Jasminum sambac in Türkiye","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eJasmine (\u003cem\u003eJasmine Sambac\u003c/em\u003e L.) is an essential oils and fragrant flower crop of the family Oleaceae that is grown globally and used as an ornamental crop. Jasmine is an economically and culturally important plant in Turkey especially in the southern Mediterranean area where it is widely cultivated in residential gardens and nurseries(Sudheera et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Viral infections however, have become a rising threat to the production of jasmine and lead to mosaic, leaf, deformation, chlorosis, and reduction of the level of plant vigor(Addae et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Garg \u0026amp; Garg, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eJasmine diseases in various locations have been linked to a number of viruses. \u003cem\u003eJ. multiflorum\u003c/em\u003e was reported to be infected by tomato mosaic virus (genus \u003cem\u003eTobamovirus\u003c/em\u003e) in Florida (Fillmer et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) and was shown to be infected by Tobacco streak virus (genus \u003cem\u003eIlarvirus\u003c/em\u003e) in Jasmine sambac in India (Goud et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), and by Jasmine Virus C (JaVC) in \u003cem\u003eJasmine officinale\u003c/em\u003e in Italy (Amoia et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Recently, a new virus, Jasmine virus H (JaVH), was initially described in J. sambac that showed yellow mosaic symptoms in Fujian Province, China (Zhuo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Genomic and phylogenetic studies showed that JaVH is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the genus Pelarspovirus (family \u003cem\u003eTombusviridae\u003c/em\u003e). Several plant viruses are now classified in this genus, including Pelargonium line pattern virus, Rosa rugosa leaf distortion virus, and Clematis chlorotic mottle virus which have a similar genome organization and replication behavior(Usharani et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Widowati et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter its identification in China, Jasmine virus H (JaVH) and the associated pelarspoviruses were later identified in jasmine plants in Hawaii and Washington, DC (Dey et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Recently, JaVH was reported once more in the United States, in both single and mixed infections with Jasmine mosaic-associated virus (JMaV) in Florida (Dey et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The latter paper was the first report of these two viruses infecting jasmine in Florida and increased the existing diversity and geographic range of \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e species known to infect jasmine.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIrrespective of these findings, there has been the unavailability of the occurrence and any molecular characterization of JaVH in the eastern Mediterranean basin. We present the initial identification and molecular characterization of the first case of a \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e (JaVH) in plants of \u003cem\u003eJ. sambac\u003c/em\u003e with characteristic mosaic and chlorotic ring spot symptoms in south Turkey, Iskenderun. This discovery offers new data on JaVH presence in the Mediterranean area and adds to the general knowledge on the epidemiology and genetic variability of ornamental crops(Srivastava et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Method and material","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1. Field Survey and Sampling\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring a field survey conducted in April 2024, \u003cem\u003eJasminum sambac\u003c/em\u003e (L.) plants exhibiting mosaic, leaf curling, and chlorotic mottling symptoms were observed in ornamental plantings in İskenderun, Hatay Province, southern Turkey. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected, cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, and stored at \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;80\u0026deg;C until further analysis(Al-Waeli et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2. RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal RNA was extracted from 100 mg of symptomatic leaf tissue using the \u003cb\u003eRNeasy Plant Mini Kit\u003c/b\u003e (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) following the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s instructions. RNA concentration and purity were measured with a \u003cb\u003eNanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer\u003c/b\u003e (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), and RNA integrity was evaluated using an \u003cb\u003eAgilent 2100 Bioanalyzer\u003c/b\u003e (Agilent Technologies, USA). Samples exhibiting RNA integrity number (RIN) greater than 7.0 were selected for downstream applications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResidual genomic DNA was eliminated using \u003cb\u003eDNase I\u003c/b\u003e (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). First-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using \u003cb\u003eSuperscript IV Reverse Transcriptase\u003c/b\u003e (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and random hexamer primers according to the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s protocol.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3. High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS) and Assembly\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurified RNA was subjected to \u003cb\u003ehigh-throughput sequencing (HTS)\u003c/b\u003e by \u003cb\u003eGen Era, T\u0026uuml;rkiye\u003c/b\u003e. The sequencing library was constructed using the \u003cb\u003eNEBNext Ultra II RNA Library Prep Kit\u003c/b\u003e (New England Biolabs, USA), and paired-end (2 \u0026times; 150 bp) reads were generated on an \u003cb\u003eIllumina NovaSeq 6000\u003c/b\u003e platform.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRaw reads were quality-assessed using \u003cb\u003eFastQC v0.11.9\u003c/b\u003e, and low-quality bases and adapters were trimmed with \u003cb\u003eTrimmomatic v0.39\u003c/b\u003e. To remove host-derived reads, sequences mapping to plant ribosomal and chloroplast sequences were filtered out using \u003cb\u003eBWA-MEM v0.7.17\u003c/b\u003e. The remaining reads were assembled de novo with \u003cb\u003eTrinity v2.15.1\u003c/b\u003e using default parameters.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssembled contigs were compared against the NCBI non-redundant (nr) protein database via \u003cb\u003eBLASTx\u003c/b\u003e. Contigs showing significant similarity to members of the \u003cb\u003efamily Tombusviridae\u003c/b\u003e, genus \u003cb\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/b\u003e, were identified as \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e (JaVH). The complete viral genome was reconstructed, validated through read mapping with \u003cb\u003eBWA v0.7.17\u003c/b\u003e, and visualized using \u003cb\u003eIntegrative Genomics Viewer (IGV v2.14.1)\u003c/b\u003e to confirm genome coverage and uniformity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4. Genome Annotation and Comparative Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOpen reading frames (ORFs) were predicted using \u003cb\u003eNCBI ORF Finder\u003c/b\u003e and verified manually by alignment with reference pelarspovirus genomes. Pairwise nucleotide identity was calculated using \u003cb\u003eSDT v1.2 (Sequence Demarcation Tool)\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple sequence alignment of complete JaVH genomes was performed using \u003cb\u003eMAFFT v7\u003c/b\u003e, and phylogenetic relationships were inferred with \u003cb\u003eMEGA X\u003c/b\u003e (Kumar et al., 2018) employing the \u003cb\u003emaximum likelihood\u003c/b\u003e method under the \u003cb\u003eTamura\u0026ndash;Nei\u003c/b\u003e model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5. Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo determine the genetic relationship of the Turkish JaVH isolate (JaVH-TR) with other reported JaVH genomes from China and the United States, complete genome sequences retrieved from GenBank were compared using pairwise identity matrices and phylogenetic clustering. Since only a single JaVH isolate was obtained in this study, population-level diversity indices (e.g., Tajima\u0026rsquo;s D, Fu\u0026rsquo;s Fs) were not computed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe complete genome of JaVH-TR has been submitted to the \u003cb\u003eNCBI GenBank\u003c/b\u003e under accession number PX531343.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.6. Visualization of Symptoms and Phylogeny\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhotographs of symptomatic \u003cem\u003eJasminum sambac\u003c/em\u003e plants and the corresponding phylogenetic tree were compiled and formatted for publication using Adobe Illustrator CC 2024.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1. Symptom observation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eJasmine plants (\u003cem\u003eJasminum sambac\u003c/em\u003e) exhibiting pronounced leaf mottling, yellow mosaic, and chlorotic patches were observed in home gardens in İskenderun, Hatay Province, southern Turkey (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The affected leaves showed variable degrees of deformation and discoloration, while adjacent plants displayed mild or no symptoms. The observed symptoms were consistent with those previously reported for \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e (JaVH) and other \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e infections in jasmine.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2. Genome characterization and sequence analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh-throughput sequencing of total RNA from symptomatic jasmine leaves yielded a complete viral genome of approximately 3,870 nucleotides. BLASTn analysis of the assembled sequence revealed the highest nucleotide identity (97.4\u0026ndash;99.1%) with \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e (JaVH) isolates previously reported from China (Zhuo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The genome organization follows the characteristic structure of members of the genus \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e (family \u003cem\u003eTombusviridae\u003c/em\u003e), containing open reading frames encoding the replication-associated protein (Rep), movement protein (MP), and coat protein (CP).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3. Phylogenetic analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequence placed the Turkish JaVH isolate within the \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e clade, clustering closely with Chinese JaVH isolates from Yunnan (MH231182), Guangxi (MH231176) and Guangdong (MH231175), (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The JaVH İskenderun isolate (PX531343) formed a distinct yet well-supported subclade, clearly separated from \u003cem\u003eJasmine mosaic-associated virus\u003c/em\u003e (JMaV) and \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus C\u003c/em\u003e (JaVC). This grouping confirms that the Turkish isolate belongs to \u003cem\u003eJaVH\u003c/em\u003e and represents the first record of this virus in Turkey.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4. Pairwise nucleotide identity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePairwise nucleotide identity comparisons among JaVH and related \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e species were calculated using SDT v1.2 (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The JaVH İskenderun isolate showed 97\u0026ndash;99% identity with Chinese JaVH sequences, 70\u0026ndash;73% identity with JMaV isolates, and less than 50% identity with \u003cem\u003eJaVC\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eRosa rugosa leaf distortion virus\u003c/em\u003e (RrLDV). These results support the phylogenetic findings and confirm that the detected virus is a distinct isolate of \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eHere, we describe the identification and molecular identification of the \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e (JaVH) as a pathogen of \u003cem\u003eJ. sambac\u003c/em\u003e in İskenderun, Hatay Province, Turkey. This is a new geographic reference of JaVH and extends the distribution of known species of \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e with jasmine to areas outside East Asia, Europe and United States.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mosaic and chlorotic spots that are identified on infected leaves are similar to those reported in China (Zhuo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) and the United States (Dey et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) and indicate that the symptoms described may be comparable among distinct geographies of the various isolates. The entire genome sequence that was obtained in the current study exhibited a genome structure and arrangement of genes which is characteristic of the representatives of the genus \u003cem\u003ePelarspovirus\u003c/em\u003e of the family \u003cem\u003eTombusviridae\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic and pair-wise (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), identity analyses verified that the Turkish isolate was of JaVH with a nucleotide identity of over 97% with previously described Chinese isolates and a well-supported clade in the Pelarspovirus lineage. Its distinct separation against Jasmine mosaic-associated virus and \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus C\u003c/em\u003e (JaVC) support its existence as a separate JaVH isolate but not as another species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe JaVH threat in Turkey is especially crucial, as it links the known instances of this virus between Asia (China and India) and Europe (Italy) and the eastern Mediterranean area, now. This pattern of distribution indicates that JaVH could have been transferred due to the transportation of infected planting material, which is in line with vegetative propagation methods that are predominantly applied in growing jasmine. This has been attributed to similar mechanisms that have been implicated in the spread of JMaV and related \u003cem\u003epelarspoviruses\u003c/em\u003e (Dey et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of epidemiology, JaVH naturally present in Turkish jasmine highlights the importance of regional monitoring and diagnostics screening of nursery and ornamental stock to avoid further transmission. Considering the economic and cultural significance of jasmine in Turkey and adjacent nations, identification of reliable molecular means of detecting any disease and enactment of phytosanitary mechanisms will be very necessary in managing the disease(Abou Kubaa et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Raj et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, the current study extends the global spread of \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H\u003c/em\u003e to the eastern Mediterranean and offers a full genomic resource in the future to compare and evolutionary studies. Subsequent research must be done to examine potential co-infections and host range, and the dynamics of transmission of JaVH to understand its epidemiology and potential influence on jasmine production.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eG. Ko\u0026ccedil;: Conceptualization, Investigation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB.B. Arpacı: \u0026nbsp;Data curation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB. \u0026Ouml;zg\u0026ouml;ren: Sample collection, Laboratory analysis.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;A. Alsalmo: Writing \u0026ndash; original draft.\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThanks to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan Fidan for critical reviews of this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbou Kubaa, R., Amoia, S.S., Altamura, G., Minafra, A., Chiumenti, M., Cillo, F., 2023. Nanopore Technology Applied to Targeted Detection of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Allows Sequencing of Related Viruses and the Diagnosis of Mixed Infections. Plants 12, 999. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12050999\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAddae, J.I., Pingal, R., Walkins, K., Cruickshank, R., Youssef, F.F., Nayak, S.B., 2017. Effects of Jasminum multiflorum leaf extract on rodent models of epilepsy, motor coordination and anxiety. Epilepsy Res. 131, 58\u0026ndash;63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.02.012\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Waeli, M., Shahmohammadi, N., Tavakoli, S., Dizadji, A., Kvarnheden, A., 2024. Infection of tomato in Iraq with tomato leaf curl Palampur virus and multiple variants of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. J. Plant Pathol. 106, 1283\u0026ndash;1294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-024-01682-4\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmoia, S.S., Minafra, A., Nicoloso, V., Loconsole, G., Chiumenti, M., 2022. A New Jasmine Virus C Isolate Identified by Nanopore Sequencing Is Associated to Yellow Mosaic Symptoms of Jasminum officinale in Italy. Plants 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030309\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDey, K.K., Leite, M., Hu, J.S., Jordan, R., Melzer, M.J., 2018. Detection of Jasmine virus H and characterization of a second pelarspovirus infecting star jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum) and angelwing jasmine (J. nitidum) plants displaying virus-like symptoms. Arch. Virol. 163, 3051\u0026ndash;3058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-018-3947-y\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDey, K.K., Velez-Climent, M., Soria, P., McVay, J., Adkins, S., 2024. First Report of Mixed Infection of Jasmine Mosaic-Associated Virus (JMaV) and Jasmine Virus H (JaVH) in Jasmine Species in Florida, United States. Plant Health Prog. 25, 210\u0026ndash;211. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-08-23-0073-BR\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFillmer, K., Adkins, S., Pongam, P., D\u0026rsquo;Elia, T., 2015. Complete Genome Sequence of Tomato Mosaic Virus Isolated from Jasmine in the United States. Genome Announc. 3, e00706-15. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomeA.00706-15\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGarg, P., Garg, V., 2023. Bibliometric Analysis of the Genus Jasminum: Global Status, Research and Trends. J. Herb. Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100711\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoud, T.E.S., Vemana, K., Reddy, D.L., Khureshee, C.S.M., Padma, J.G., Shabbir, S., Venkateswarlu, N.C., Naik, K.S.S., Kumar, D.S., Johnson, A.M.A., Subramanyam, K., 2013. First report of Tobacco streak ilarvirus infecting jasmine and horse gram. New Dis. Rep. 28, 7\u0026ndash;7. https://doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2013.028.007\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaj, S.K., Gaur, R.K., Yin, Z. (Eds.), 2021. Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants: Characterization, Identification, Diagnosis and Management. Springer Singapore, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3919-7\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSrivastava, A., Verma, S., Singhal, T., Raj, S.K., 2021. Molecular Characterization of Viruses Occurring on Some Ornamental Shrubs Grown in India, in: Raj, S. K., Gaur, R.K., Yin, Z. (Eds.), Virus Diseases of Ornamental Plants: Characterization, Identification, Diagnosis and Management. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 165\u0026ndash;179. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3919-7_9\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSudheera, Y., Vardhan, G.P.V., Hema, M., Reddy, M.K., Sreenivasulu, P., 2014. Characterization of a potyvirus associated with yellow mosaic disease of jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) in Andhra Pradesh, India. VirusDisease 25, 394\u0026ndash;397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-014-0193-0\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUsharani, T.R., Jalali, S., Manasa, M., Samuel, D.K., Krishnareddy, M., 2016. Identification of mixed infection caused by Badnavirus and CMV in Jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum Roth), Indian Journal of Biotechnology.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWidowati, W., Janeva, W.B., Nadya, S., Amalia, A., Arumwardana, S., Kusuma, H.W.S., Arinta, Y., Author, C., 2018. Jasminum sambac as an antioxidant and antiaging Antioxidant and Antiaging Activities of Jasminum Sambac Extract, and its Compounds, Medical Sciences Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZhuo, T., Zhu, L.J., Lu, C.C., Jiang, C.Y., Chen, Z.Y., Zhang, G., Wang, Z.H., Jovel, J., Han, Y.H., 2018. Complete nucleotide sequence of jasmine virus H, a new member of the family Tombusviridae. Arch. Virol. 163, 731\u0026ndash;735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3663-z\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"european-journal-of-plant-pathology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ejpp","sideBox":"Learn more about [European Journal of Plant Pathology](http://link.springer.com/journal/10658)","snPcode":"10658","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ejpp/default2.aspx","title":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"(HTS), Pelarspovirus, Virus Detection, Plant virology, ornamental, İskenderun","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8460044/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8460044/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study represents the first identification and complete genome characterization of \u003cem\u003eJasmine virus H (JaVH)\u003c/em\u003e infecting \u003cem\u003eJasminum sambac in T\u0026uuml;rkiye\u003c/em\u003e belongs to the genus Pelarspovirus, family \u003cem\u003eTombusviridae\u003c/em\u003e and was first reported in \u003cem\u003eJasminum sambac\u003c/em\u003e in China before it was found in other countries. This paper presents an initial disease outbreak and full genome characterization of JaVH in plants of the genus \u003cem\u003eJ. sambac\u003c/em\u003e with observed yellow mosaics and leaf deformation symptoms reported in İskenderun, Hatay Province, southern Turkey. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was performed on the infected samples and the de novo assembly produced a complete genome of 3,867 nucleotides of virus. Genome annotation showed five open reading frames (ORFs) encoding for the replication related proteins, p27 and p87, two movement proteins (p7 and p9), and the coating protein p37, as expected with other members of \u003cem\u003epellarspovir\u003c/em\u003e. The analysis of the nucleotide revealed the maximum identity (91\u0026ndash;93%) of the isolate with JaVH isolates described in China and the United States, which proved the identity of the Turkish isolate. Full-length genome phylogenetic analysis and MEGA-based analysis of the replicase and coat protein sequences placed the Turkish JaVH isolate in their well-substantiated clade with other JaVH isolates, separate to that of Jasmine mosaic-associated virus (JMaV) and Jasmine virus C (JaVC). This distinct genetic clustering to the point of classifying it as a separate JaVH isolate, as opposed to a separate species. This is the first case of JaVH to be reported in Turkey and adds to extant coverage of the wide geographic distribution of Pelarspovirus species in relation to jasmine infection across the globe.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Complete Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Jasmine Virus H (JaVH) Infecting Jasminum sambac in Türkiye","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-02 05:28:43","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8460044/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-02-01T19:37:11+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-28T14:01:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","date":"2026-01-09T03:36:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-08T09:00:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","date":"2026-01-07T00:54:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"european-journal-of-plant-pathology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ejpp","sideBox":"Learn more about [European Journal of Plant Pathology](http://link.springer.com/journal/10658)","snPcode":"10658","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ejpp/default2.aspx","title":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e1139aff-02d8-4527-8eaf-fbb81df0a79b","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 2nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-02-02T05:28:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-02 05:28:43","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8460044","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8460044","identity":"rs-8460044","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}