Analysis of the relationship between sleep quality and personality trials in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1-4

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Methods A convenience sample of 311 CKD patients stages 1-4 was selected from those attending outpatient clinics and hospitalized in the nephrology department of a tertiary institution. attending outpatient clinics and hospitalized in the nephrology department of a tertiary hospital in Mianyang City. The general condition questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI), and the Chinese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Form (EPQ-SF) were used to evaluate the patients’ sleep quality and personality traits,.The relationship between CKD at stages 1-4 patients , sleep quality and personality traits was meticulously examined using statistical methods. Specifically, Pearson's correlation analysis was employed to indentify and lineare relationships between these veriables. Subsequently, multivariate stepwise regression was applied to further dissect the complex interdependencies, controlling for multiple variables simultaneously.This approach allowed for a nuanced understanding of how sleep quality and personality traits interrelate with the progression of CKD in stages 1-4. The comprehensive assessment of these factors provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics at play in the lives of CKD patients. Results The PSQI score patients with CKD stages 1-4 was 8.24±4.02, indication that over half( 50.8%) of the patients experienced sleep disorders. A comparative analysis of the EPQ scores between patients with the normal sleep group (PSQI score ≤7) and those with sleep disorders group ( PSQI score >7) revealed that the neuroticism score, of the sleep-disordered group was significantly elevated (P<0.001), while their introversion and extraversion scores were notably lower (P<0.05) compared to the normal sleep group. The total PSQI score demonstrated significant correlations with various EPQ dimensions, Specifically, internal and external orientation and masking were found to be negatively associated with the PSQI score (P < 0.05), suggestion that patients with better sleep quality tend to exhibit these traits. Conversely, neuroticism and psychoticism showed positive correlations with the PSQI score (P<0.05), indicating that higher levels of these personality traits are linked to poorer sleep quality. Further analysis indicated that psychoticism was positively correlated with specific dimensions of sleep disorders (P<0.05), and neuroticism was associated with reduced sleep quality, prolonged sleep onset, and increased reliance on hypnotic drugs, as well as greater daytime dysfunction (P<0.05).Additionally, The lie scale of the EPQ was found to have a positive relationship with overall sleep quality (P < 0.05) but was negatively correlated with time taken to fall asleep and sleep quality (P < 0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis identified several factors that significantly influence sleep disorders in CKD patients at stages 1-4, These include neuroticism, age, place of residence monthly family income, duration of CKD, treatment cost, and self-care ability. Conclusions The study’s findings underscore the neuroticism and psychoticism on the sleep quality of CKD patients., highlighting the importance of considering these traits in the management of sleep disorders in this population. Chronic kidney disease stages 1–4 Sleep quality Personality Relationship Introduction Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stands as a principal cause of mortality globally. It represents a significant increase in health and economic burden. 1.2 million people died of CKD worldwide in 2017, and the all-age CKD mortality rate has increased by 41.5 per cent compared to 1990 [ 1 ] .In addition, healthcare costs increase 1.3 to 4.2 times as the disease progresses, with costs for ESRD patients estimated at $ 20,220 to $ 100,593 per person per year [ 2 ] .Despite the absence of a definitive cure for CKD, the trajectory of the disease can be moderated and its complications preempted through proactive measures,such as pinpointing and mitigating risk factors are paramount. A pivotal area for such early intervention is sleep quality, which is pivotal to overall health and well-being. Sleep quality is defined as an individual's comprehensive contentment with their sleep experience [ 3 ] .Distinguished researcher Buysse [ 4 ] expands on this definition, emphasizing sleep quality includes both subjective and objective dimensions. The Subjective aspects such as sleep depth or restfulness reflect a person's subjective satisfaction with the sleep experience. On the other hand, the objective aspects include sleep onset, duration, efficiency, fragmentation, the frequency of awakenings, the time taken to fall back asleep after initial sleep onset, and physical and mental state upon wakening. These elements collectively contribute to a holistic understanding of sleep quality, which is a critical target for intervention in managing CKD and its progression. Poor sleep quality affects psychological and cognitive functioning and increases the chances of developing chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease [ 5 ] .The prevalence of sleep disorders among CKD patients is alarming high, ranging from 45–80% [ 6 ] . These sleep disturbances are not only distressing but are also robustly linked to a diminished quality of life, impaired immune function, and an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as mortality [ 7 ] . Research has substantiated that poor sleep quality is a precursor to higher morbidity complications, and mortality rates in end-stage renal disease(ESRD), as well as to a degraded quality of life [ 7 ] .It is widely acknowledged that sleep disorders may be influenced by a combination of factors such as age, gender, metabolic abnormalities, malnutrition, medications and adequacy of dialysis treatment [ 8 ] . Among these, sleep quality is recognized as being influenced by a myriad of elements with personality traits emerging as notably influential [ 9 ] ,personality is increasingly recognized as a fundamental predictor of sleep patterns [ 10 ] .Therefore, sleep and its influencing factors in patients with chronic kidney disease deserve attention. However, the study of personality in the context of CKD has been relatively neglected, and the nexus between sleep quality and personality trials remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and sleep quality among patients with CKD stages 1–4, with the goal of providing a solid evidence base to inform nursing interventions and enhance patient care. Methods Study design and participants The research in question was a cross-sectional investigation that employed a c onvenience sampling approach to select patients affected with chronic kidney disease(CKD) at stages 1–4 These individuals were either attending outpatient clinics or were hospitalized within the nephrology department of a tertiary hospital located in Mianyang City. According to the Kendall sample size estimation technique, the sample size should be at least 5 to10 times the number of variables under investigation. This research encompassed a total of 26 variables: 15 pertaining to general information, 7 related to sleep quality, and 4 concerning personality traits. To account for a potential 20% dropout rate, the Study ultimately enrolled 311 participants. Inclusion Criteria: (1) Compliance with the diagnostic standards for CKD as outlined established in the 2007 K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Prognostic Quality Initiative) clinical guidelines, with the clear diagnosis of CKD at stages 1 ~ 4; (2) age 18 ~ 80 years; (3) relatively stable condition; (4) Participants needed to possess clear consciousness. Conversely,the exclusion criteria:(1) Individuals mental abnormalities and intellectual disabilities;(2) Those who were unwilling to participate in this study; (3) Those with difficulties in reading and writing. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital, and all subjects participated in this study with their informed consent. Measures General situation questionnaire based on the review of relevant literature, following the design principles of the questionnaire designed by ourselves, a total of 15 entries, including 8 general socio-demographic entries (age, gender, place of residence, marital status, literacy level, work status, per capita monthly household income, medical expense reimbursement) and 7 disease-related entries ( Primary disease, stages of CKD, duration of CKD, number of hospitalizations due to CKD, treatment cost, self-care ability in managing the disease, number of outpatient follow-up visits for CKD . Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQI) The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) [ 11 ] is a self-assessment scale suitable for evaluating the quality of sleep in patients with sleep disorders, patients with psychiatric disorders associated with sleep disorders, and the general population over the past month. The scale consists of 18 items that measure various aspects of sleep, sleep-promoting medications, and the impact of sleep on daily activities, These items can be categorized into seven factors: sleep quality, time to sleep, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic medications, and daytime dysfunction. The first five items assess sleep latency, sleep quality, and other sleep conditions, while the last two assess the impact of sleep on daily activities and the use of hypnotic medications. Each factor was scored on a scale of 0–3, and the sum of the scores for each factor was the total PSQI score, which ranged from 0–21, with higher scores indicating prolonged sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality, and greater impact of sleep on daily activities. A total score of ≤ 7 is considered indicative of normal sleep ,while a total score of > 7 has sleep problems. In this study, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this scale was 0.78, indicating good reliability. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC) This questionnaire is mainly used to assess personality characteristics. [ 12 ] The questionnaire includes four dimensions: psychoticism (P), extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), and Lie (L). Higher scores on the EPQ-E and EPQ-L dimensions indicate that the patient is more extroverted, and socially desirable, respectively. Higher scores on the EPQ-P and EPQ-N dimensions indicate that the patient is more emotionally unstable and prone to psychological distress Statistical analysis The data in this study were processed using SPSS 22.0 software, the t-test was used to compare the data between groups; Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and personality traits .A P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results General information about the patients Table 1 shows the clinical characteristics and laboratory data of all patients, the mean age was 49.20 ± 15.15 years,52.1% of the patients were men. Table 1 General information table Variables frequency percentage distinguishing between the sexes male 162 52.1 women 149 47.9 educational attainment Junior high school and below 189 60.8 High school or junior college 72 23.2 undergraduate (adjective) 50 16.1 marital status married 266 85.5 unmarried 31 10.0 bereaved of one's spouse (literary) 9 2.9 (sth. or sb) else 5 1.6 current address cities and towns 190 61.1 countryside 121 38.9 operating state incumbency 122 39.2 leave work and rest (euphemism for compulsory retirement of old cadres) 42 13.5 unemployed 147 47.3 household income ≤ 3000 63 20.3 3001–5000 110 35.4 Greater than 5000 132 44.3 Status of reimbursement of medical expenses home insurance 166 53.4 social security 134 43.1 (be) at one's own expense 11 3.5 primary disease glomerulonephritis 127 40.8 hypertensive nephropathy 71 22.8 diabetic nephropathy 8 2.6 (sth. or sb) else 105 33.8 CKD staging Phase 1 96 30.9 Phase 2 65 20.9 Phase 3 99 31.8 Phase 4 51 16.4 Duration of CKD 2 years 159 51.1 Number of hospitalizations for CKD 0th 105 33.8 1 time 101 32.5 2 or more 105 33.8 treatment cost ≤ 500 64 20.6 501–1000 93 29.9 1001–1500 52 16.7 >1500 102 32.8 Self-care Fully self-managed 276 88.7 Partially self-care 35 11.3 Number of outpatient follow-up visits 1 205 65.9 2 54 17.4 3 16 5.1 4 36 11.6 Sleep quality and score status of personality traits in patients with CKD stages 1–4 Sleep quality score The PSQI score of 311 patients with CKD stage 1–4 was (8.24 ± 4.02) and the scores of each dimension are shown in Table 2 . Of these, 158 (50.8%) had sleep disorders and 153 (49.2%) had good quality sleep. Table 2 PSQI scores of patients with CKD stages 1–4 (n = 311) Variables PQSI score (points) sleep quality 1.91 ± 0.81 bedtime 1.63 ± 0.89 sleep duration 1.07 ± 0.73 sleep efficiency 1.09 ± 1.02 sleep disorder 1.12 ± 0.42 soporific drug 0.29 ± 0.77 Daytime sleep disorders 0.86 ± 0.85 totals 8.24 ± 4.02 Personality trait scores Personality trait scores of patients with CKD stages 1–4 were showed in Table 3 . The score of Extraversion was highest. Table 3 Personality trait scores of patients with CKD stages 1–4 (n = 311) Variables score Psychoticism 3.14 ± 1.59 Extraversion 8.09 ± 3.35 Neuroticism 4.77 ± 3.24 Lie 5.84 ± 2.24 Comparison of EPQ scores between the CKD1-4 stage sleep disorder group and the normal sleep group Differences in EPQ scores between the normal sleep group (total PSQI score ≤ 7) and the sleep disorder group (total PSQI score > 7) were analyzed and are shown in Table 4 .The results showed that the neuroticism score in the sleep disorder group was significantly higher than that of the normal sleep group ( P < 0.001), and the internal and external inclination Extraversion score was significantly lower than that of the normal sleep group ( P 7 (n = 158) t P Psychoticism 3.08 ± 1.50 3.2 ± 1.69 -0.685 0.494 Extraversion 8.56 ± 3.15 7.63 ± 3.48 2.480 0.014 Neuroticism 3.60 ± 2.70 5.90 ± 3.32 -6.692 < 0.001 Lie 5.93 ± 2.27 5.75 ± 2.21 0.687 0.492 Analysis of the correlation between personality traits and sleep quality in patients with CKD stage 1–4 Table 5 Correlation analysis between personality traits and sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1–4 ( r ) sleep quality bedtime sleep duration sleep efficiency sleep disorder soporific drug Daytime dysfunction Total PSQI score Psychoticism -0.095 -0.036 0.092 0.068 0.121* 0.066 0.019 0.193** Extraversion -0.082 -0.081 0.110 -0.077 -0.067 -0.059 0.041 -0.180** Neuroticism 0.370** 0.236** 0.111 -0.059 0.280** 0.285** 0.306** 0.348** Lie 0.129* -0.138* -0.183** -0.060 -0.039 0.082 -0.079 -0.112* **P < 0.01, * P < 0.05 As can be seen from Table 5 , the total PSQI score was significantly correlated with the EPQ dimensions, in which internal and external inclination and masking were negatively correlated with the total PSQI score, neuroticism and psychoticism were positively correlated with the PSQI, psychoticism was positively correlated with the dimensions of sleep disorders, and neuroticism was positively correlated with sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep disorders, hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction, and masking was positively correlated with sleep quality, and negatively correlated with sleep time and time to fall asleep. time, and sleep duration were negatively correlated. Multiple linear regression analysis of the factors affecting sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1–4 with the scores of each dimension of sleep quality as the dependent variable, and the scores of each dimension of general information and personality traits as the independent variables (the assigned values are shown in Table 6 ), stepwise regression analysis was used, and the results showed that neuroticism, age, place of residence, monthly family income, duration of the disease of CKD, the cost of treatment, and the ability of living on one's own were the influencing Factors (Supplementary Table 7). Table 6 Variable assignment of factors influencing sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1–4 variant Variable type Assignment of values distinguishing between the sexes binary classification 1 = Male; 2 = Female educational attainment ordered polyculture 1 = Middle school and below; 2 = High school or junior college; 3 = Bachelor's degree; 4 = Graduate student and above marital status disordered multiclassification 1 = Unmarried; 2 = Married; 3 = Widowed; 4 = Other current address binary classification 1 = urban; 2 = rural operating state disordered multiclassification 1 = employed; 2 = retired; 3 = not employed Monthly household income ordered polyculture 1 = ≤ 3000 yuan; 2 = 3001–5000 yuan; 3 = ≥ 5000 yuan Status of reimbursement of medical expenses disordered multiclassification 1 = home insurance; 2 = social security; 3 = self-funded; 4 = commercial insurance primary disease disordered multiclassification 1 = glomerulonephritis; 2 = hypertensive nephropathy; 3 = diabetic nephropathy; 4 = other CKD staging ordered polyculture 1 = 1 period; 2 = 2 periods; 3 = 3 periods; 4 = 4 periods Duration of CKD ordered polyculture 1 = 2 years Number of hospitalizations for CKD ordered polyculture 1 = 0 times; 2 = 1 times; 3 = 2 or more times treatment cost ordered polyculture 1 = ≤ 500; 2 = 501–1000; 3 = 1001–1500; 4 = > 1500 Self-care disordered multiclassification 1 = fully self-supporting; 2 = partially self-supporting; 3 = fully dependent on others Number of outpatient follow-up visits ordered polyculture 1 = 1 time; 2 = 2 times; 3 = 3 times; 4 = 4 times or more Psychoticism Original Value Entry Extraversion Original Value Entry Neuroticism Original Value Entry Lie Original Value Entry Table 7 Multiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1–4 variant β SE β' t-value P (Constant) 0.828 2.780 .298 0.766 (a person's) age 0.068 0.018 0.257 3.723 < 0.001 distinguishing between the sexes 0.574 0.471 0.071 1.218 0.224 educational attainment 0.228 0.353 0.043 0.646 0.519 marital status 0.726 0.427 0.102 1.701 0.090 current address -1.290 0.564 -0.157 -2.288 0.023 operating state 0.376 0.297 0.087 1.267 0.206 Monthly household income 0.776 0.336 0.164 2.307 0.022 Status of reimbursement of medical expenses 0.005 0.408 0.001 0.013 0.990 primary disease 0.086 0.161 0.028 0.535 0.593 CKD staging -0.141 0.253 -0.038 -0.557 0.578 Duration of CKD -0.515 0.261 -0.115 -1.974 0.049 Number of hospitalizations for CKD -0.032 0.313 -0.006 -0.101 0.920 treatment cost 1.326 0.260 0.377 5.101 < 0.001 Self-care -2.123 0.773 -0.167 -2.747 0.006 Number of outpatient follow-up visits -0.141 0.272 -0.036 -0.519 0.604 Psychoticism 0.255 0.143 0.101 1.790 0.074 Extraversion -0.013 0.074 -0.011 − .181 0.856 Neuroticism 0.446 0.075 0.359 5.906 < 0.001 Lie -0.197 0.116 -0.110 -1.694 0.091 Note: Model F = 9.07, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.372, adjusted R 2 = 0.331. Discussion Sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1–4 Currently, most domestic and international studies on sleep quality use PSQI as an evaluation criterion. In this study, 158 patients, or 50.8%, had poor sleep quality .The sleep quality of patients with CKD1-4 is generally poor, which is consistent with the findings of Luo Minhong et al. [ 13 ] The results of the study by Luo Minhong et al. [ 18 ] are basically consistent. CKD patients may suffer from neurological complications, such as peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, dyspnea, electrolyte imbalance, itching and/or pruritus. [ 14 ] . There is a complex etiology and pathogenesis between these complications and sleep quality [ 15 ] .For example, poor sleep quality affects the autonomic nervous system, which in turn affects nocturnal blood pressure drop, an important risk factor for disease progression in CKD [ 16 ] . Regular assessment of symptoms in a multidisciplinary team is essential for symptom management. The most serious of the dimensional scores was time to sleep, and in this study Age was positively correlated with PSQI scores in patients with CKD stage 1–4, increasing age is an important risk factor for decreased sleep quality in these patients, and the older the person is, the more likely they are to suffer from sleep disturbances, similarly to what was reported [ 15 ][ 17 ] . This is likely due to changes in sleep patterns with increasing age, characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, intermittent multiple transient awakenings, and often accompanied by sleep apnea. In this study, we also found statistically significant differences in sleep quality scores comparing patients with different monthly family incomes and treatment costs, the lower the patient's family income and the higher the treatment cost the worse the sleep quality, indicating that the long-term treatment cost of CKD is a financial pressure for patients, leading to poor sleep quality. The duration of CKD illness was positively correlated with sleep quality, the longer the duration of illness, the worse the quality of sleep, which might be related to the longer duration of illness, the presence of more complications, stomach upset, skin itching, etc., which affect the sleep of the patients [ 18 ] This may be related to the longer duration of the disease, the presence of more complications, stomach discomfort, itchy skin and other factors that affect sleep. Correlations between sleep quality and personality traits The results of this paper showed that the total PSQI score was significantly correlated with the dimensions of EPQ, in which the introversion and extroversion and masked personality were negatively correlated with the total PSQI score, and the masked personality was positively correlated with sleep quality, and negatively correlated with the time to fall asleep and the duration of sleep. The internal and external orientation (E) scores of the sleep disorder group were significantly lower than those of the sleep normal group (P < 0.05). Consistent with the results of Wang Wenjing [ 19 ] findings, the presence of introversion, sensitivity, strong sensibility, and a preference for introspection in patients with low E scores is the main reason why patients are more likely to develop sleep disorders. This reflects that when introverts have sleep problems, they may be less likely to seek help from the outside world and others, and more likely to try to solve the problem by themselves. On the other hand, people with high masking tend to be less likely to show their sleep problems to the outside world, even if they are already tired or have low energy. Patients with extraverted personality are more willing to confide in others, seek outside help, and obtain more social support when they encounter stress, and are more inclined to adopt mature coping styles to solve problems and alleviate negative emotions, thus improving the quality of sleep. Neuroticism and psychotic personality were positively correlated with the total PSQI score, psychoticism was positively correlated with the sleep disorder dimension, and neuroticism was significantly positively correlated with the five PSQI dimensions of sleep quality, time to sleep, sleep disorder, hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction. The N neuroticism score was significantly higher in the sleep disorder group than in the normal sleep group (P < 0.001). Neurotic personality is a risk factor for sleep quality. Neurotic personality has a high degree of anxiety, hostility, depression and self-consciousness, poor ability to cope with external stress and emotional self-regulation, impulsivity, and strong self-consciousness, thus triggering a kind of fatigue and irritation, which affects the sleep quality of patients [ 20 ] At the same time, patients are more inclined to take a negative way of coping, the problem is difficult to solve, the mood is not easy to patients, thus affecting the quality of sleep. Personality traits have a certain degree of plasticity [ 21 ] . Zhang Yan [ 22 ] , Wu Xianshu [ 23 ] et al. applied the multi-maintenance rationale of Eysenck personality classification to hemodialysis patients, and found that it can significantly improve sleep quality and life satisfaction, which is of great clinical significance to improve the satisfaction of maintenance hemodialysis patients. The above results suggest that healthcare professionals can take a personalized approach to neurotic and psychotic personality patients in their clinical work to intervene, reduce patients' negative emotions, eliminate their inner restlessness and loneliness, and improve the quality of their sleep. Study implications The current study has several limitations. First, we were only a single-centre cross-sectional survey study and would like to conduct a multi-centre survey study. Second, in this study the questionnaire was a self-report questionnaire, so there may be recall bias and confounding factors such as education level and comprehension. Third, this study only assessed the correlation between personality traits and sleep quality, which is insufficient to verify the causal relationship between the two. Further longitudinal empirical studies are needed in the future, such as whether interventions on personality traits can alleviate the symptoms of sleep disorders. In the future, we can explore the far-reaching effects of personality on the development and prognosis of CKD through multi-center, expanding the sample size, and the use of sleep monitoring devices to monitor sleep. Conclusion In summary, more than half of CKD stage 1–4 patients have sleep quality problems, and patients with neurotic personality and psychotic personality are more likely to have sleep disorders. Healthcare professionals should take the initiative to understand the personality characteristics of the patients, and conduct personality assessment of CKD patients at an early stage. This can be used to provide targeted training and individualized interventions at the individual and organizational levels, to improve the quality of patient's sleep, enhance the effectiveness of the diagnosis and treatment, and help patients return to society as soon as possible. Declarations Ethical approval and consent to participate The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center (No. 3-22, 2020). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations or the Declaration of Helsinki. The principle of confidentiality was followed throughout the study, including the process of data collection，analysed，and interpreted. All patients participating in the study obtained verbal informed consent before the start of the study and completed a written informed consent form after being informed of the purpose of the study. Consent for publication Not applicable Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This study was funded by the The Third Hospital of Mianyang,Sichuan Mental Health Center (Project title: Study on the correlation between sleep quality and personality in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1-4; Project ID: 202016), Mianyang Municipal Health and Wellness Committee(Project title: Cross-theoretical modelling interventions on the effects of negative emotions, self-management level, sleep quality and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease;Project ID:202258) Author’s contributions All authors approved the study. TH, XY,LL and ZL conceived the study. XY , LL ,HY collected the data. TH and TW analyzed the data. All authors interpreted the findings and contributed to the conception and design of the study. TH wrote the first draft of the manuscript. TW and JH made critical reviews and improvements of the draft.All authors read and critically revised the first draft and confirmed the final version of the manuscript. 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The Effect of Multi-maintenance on the Quality of Sleep and Quality of life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients based on Eysenck's Personality Classification [J]. J Clin Nurs 2020,19(02):21–4. Shuxian WU, Yan ZHANG, Yuxiang LI. Effects of nursing intervention based on Eysenck's personality classification on maintenance haemodialysis patients[J]. Qilu Nurs J. 2022;28(09):109–12. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4643343","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":321558252,"identity":"f9e123b5-e7e9-46d9-9ed4-295fa2ea2d97","order_by":0,"name":"Tingting He","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tingting","middleName":"","lastName":"He","suffix":""},{"id":321558253,"identity":"28b84961-082a-4106-83aa-ca6d2e012975","order_by":1,"name":"Xiaoying Yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoying","middleName":"","lastName":"Yu","suffix":""},{"id":321558254,"identity":"2f87e7f7-6ffc-4634-b8d1-2d142eea3477","order_by":2,"name":"Li Liao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Li","middleName":"","lastName":"Liao","suffix":""},{"id":321558255,"identity":"ad4c4eae-27f3-44ad-bda7-e220361b17ae","order_by":3,"name":"Huan Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huan","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":321558256,"identity":"832dff4a-0c70-427e-b61d-54433a1a2325","order_by":4,"name":"Ting Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ting","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":321558261,"identity":"ec2e25fb-52fd-4580-89a8-4f67ff8f172f","order_by":5,"name":"Juan Hu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Juan","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""},{"id":321558262,"identity":"45d07251-5c55-4f71-96c3-78ec69e362ce","order_by":6,"name":"Zuowei Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNv7m4x8+GNjIMfY3HyBOC5/EsTTGGQVpxswzjiUQp0WOIUeNmePD4UT2hhwDIh3GcIbtMYNBWgJvw5mPN94w2MnpNhDSwtx73LjAwCZPsrl3s+UchmRjswMEbTmXID3DIK3YsOHsNmkehgOJ2whryTGQ5jE4nLj/QM4zorWYgbU0NuSwEalF4liyIdBhxowzjhlbzjEgwi/y/c0HH3z4A47KhzfeVNjJEdSCAiR4iIwaZC2k6hgFo2AUjIIRAQBZbUUTnACUNQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zuowei","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-26 14:15:02","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643343/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643343/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79740710,"identity":"a3715e96-0d10-4943-bcc0-eb65d47debd1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-02 07:53:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1181622,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4643343/v1/8dc2ed90-9eef-4da2-89d6-aa8b15c1140a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of the relationship between sleep quality and personality trials in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1-4","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stands as a principal cause of mortality globally. It represents a significant increase in health and economic burden. 1.2\u0026nbsp;million people died of CKD worldwide in 2017, and the all-age CKD mortality rate has increased by 41.5 per cent compared to 1990\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.In addition, healthcare costs increase 1.3 to 4.2 times as the disease progresses, with costs for ESRD patients estimated at \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e20,220 to \u003cspan\u003e$\u003c/span\u003e100,593 per person per year\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.Despite the absence of a definitive cure for CKD, the trajectory of the disease can be moderated and its complications preempted through proactive measures,such as pinpointing and mitigating risk factors are paramount. A pivotal area for such early intervention is sleep quality, which is pivotal to overall health and well-being. Sleep quality is defined as an individual's comprehensive contentment with their sleep experience\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.Distinguished researcher Buysse\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e expands on this definition, emphasizing sleep quality includes both subjective and objective dimensions. The Subjective aspects such as sleep depth or restfulness reflect a person's subjective satisfaction with the sleep experience. On the other hand, the objective aspects include sleep onset, duration, efficiency, fragmentation, the frequency of awakenings, the time taken to fall back asleep after initial sleep onset, and physical and mental state upon wakening. These elements collectively contribute to a holistic understanding of sleep quality, which is a critical target for intervention in managing CKD and its progression.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoor sleep quality affects psychological and cognitive functioning and increases the chances of developing chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e .The prevalence of sleep disorders among CKD patients is alarming high, ranging from 45\u0026ndash;80%\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. These sleep disturbances are not only distressing but are also robustly linked to a diminished quality of life, impaired immune function, and an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, as well as mortality\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Research has substantiated that poor sleep quality is a precursor to higher morbidity complications, and mortality rates in end-stage renal disease(ESRD), as well as to a degraded quality of life\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.It is widely acknowledged that sleep disorders may be influenced by a combination of factors such as age, gender, metabolic abnormalities, malnutrition, medications and adequacy of dialysis treatment \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Among these, sleep quality is recognized as being influenced by a myriad of elements with personality traits emerging as notably influential\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e ,personality is increasingly recognized as a fundamental predictor of sleep patterns\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.Therefore, sleep and its influencing factors in patients with chronic kidney disease deserve attention. However, the study of personality in the context of CKD has been relatively neglected, and the nexus between sleep quality and personality trials remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality traits and sleep quality among patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4, with the goal of providing a solid evidence base to inform nursing interventions and enhance patient care.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy design and participants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe research in question was a cross-sectional investigation that employed a \u003cb\u003ec\u003c/b\u003eonvenience sampling approach to select patients affected with chronic kidney disease(CKD) at stages 1\u0026ndash;4 These individuals were either attending outpatient clinics or were hospitalized within the nephrology department of a tertiary hospital located in Mianyang City. According to the Kendall sample size estimation technique, the sample size should be at least 5 to10 times the number of variables under investigation. This research encompassed a total of 26 variables: 15 pertaining to general information, 7 related to sleep quality, and 4 concerning personality traits. To account for a potential 20% dropout rate, the Study ultimately enrolled 311 participants. Inclusion Criteria: (1) Compliance with the diagnostic standards for CKD as outlined established in the 2007 K/DOQI (Kidney Disease Prognostic Quality Initiative) clinical guidelines, with the clear diagnosis of CKD at stages 1\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;4; (2) age 18\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;80 years; (3) relatively stable condition; (4) Participants needed to possess clear consciousness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversely,the exclusion criteria:(1) Individuals mental abnormalities and intellectual disabilities;(2) Those who were unwilling to participate in this study; (3) Those with difficulties in reading and writing. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital, and all subjects participated in this study with their informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMeasures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGeneral situation questionnaire\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ebased on the review of relevant literature, following the design principles of the questionnaire designed by ourselves, a total of 15 entries, including 8 general socio-demographic entries (age, gender, place of residence, marital status, literacy level, work status, per capita monthly household income, medical expense reimbursement) and 7 disease-related entries ( Primary disease, stages of CKD, duration of CKD, number of hospitalizations due to CKD, treatment cost, self-care ability in managing the disease, number of outpatient follow-up visits for CKD .\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PQI)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) \u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e is a self-assessment scale suitable for evaluating the quality of sleep in patients with sleep disorders, patients with psychiatric disorders associated with sleep disorders, and the general population over the past month. The scale consists of 18 items that measure various aspects of sleep, sleep-promoting medications, and the impact of sleep on daily activities, These items can be categorized into seven factors: sleep quality, time to sleep, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic medications, and daytime dysfunction. The first five items assess sleep latency, sleep quality, and other sleep conditions, while the last two assess the impact of sleep on daily activities and the use of hypnotic medications. Each factor was scored on a scale of 0\u0026ndash;3, and the sum of the scores for each factor was the total PSQI score, which ranged from 0\u0026ndash;21, with higher scores indicating prolonged sleep latency, shorter sleep duration, poorer sleep quality, and greater impact of sleep on daily activities. A total score of \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;7 is considered indicative of normal sleep ,while a total score of \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;7 has sleep problems. In this study, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this scale was 0.78, indicating good reliability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ-RSC)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis questionnaire is mainly used to assess personality characteristics.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e The questionnaire includes four dimensions: psychoticism (P), extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), and Lie (L). Higher scores on the EPQ-E and EPQ-L dimensions indicate that the patient is more extroverted, and socially desirable, respectively. Higher scores on the EPQ-P and EPQ-N dimensions indicate that the patient is more emotionally unstable and prone to psychological distress\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data in this study were processed using SPSS 22.0 software, the t-test was used to compare the data between groups; Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and personality traits .A P-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGeneral information about the patients\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the clinical characteristics and laboratory data of all patients, the mean age was 49.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.15 years,52.1% of the patients were men.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral information table\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epercentage\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edistinguishing between the sexes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewomen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeducational attainment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh school or junior college\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eundergraduate (adjective)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eunmarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebereaved of one's spouse (literary)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(sth. or sb) else\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecurrent address\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecities and towns\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e190\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecountryside\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eoperating state\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eincumbency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eleave work and rest (euphemism for compulsory retirement of old cadres)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eunemployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehousehold income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;3000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3001\u0026ndash;5000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreater than 5000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus of reimbursement of medical expenses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehome insurance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esocial security\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(be) at one's own expense\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eprimary disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eglomerulonephritis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehypertensive nephropathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ediabetic nephropathy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(sth. or sb) else\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCKD staging\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhase 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration of CKD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 year\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of hospitalizations for CKD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0th\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 or more\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etreatment cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e501\u0026ndash;1000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1001\u0026ndash;1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFully self-managed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartially self-care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of outpatient follow-up visits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eSleep quality and score status of personality traits in patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSleep quality score\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe PSQI score of 311 patients with CKD stage 1\u0026ndash;4 was (8.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.02) and the scores of each dimension are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Of these, 158 (50.8%) had sleep disorders and 153 (49.2%) had good quality sleep.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePSQI scores of patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;311)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePQSI score (points)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebedtime\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep duration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep efficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep disorder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esoporific drug\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaytime sleep disorders\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotals\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePersonality trait scores\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonality trait scores of patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4 were showed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. The score of Extraversion was highest.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonality trait scores of patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;311)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003escore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychoticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraversion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eComparison of EPQ scores between the CKD1-4 stage sleep disorder group and the normal sleep group\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDifferences in EPQ scores between the normal sleep group (total PSQI score\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;7) and the sleep disorder group (total PSQI score\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;7) were analyzed and are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.The results showed that the neuroticism score in the sleep disorder group was significantly higher than that of the normal sleep group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and the internal and external inclination Extraversion score was significantly lower than that of the normal sleep group (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of EPQ scores between sleep disordered and normal sleep groups (\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\stackrel{-}{x}\\pm s\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e )\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal PSQI score\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;153)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal PSQI score\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;158)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychoticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.685\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraversion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.480\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.692\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.687\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.492\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eAnalysis of the correlation between personality traits and sleep quality in patients with CKD stage 1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation analysis between personality traits and sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4 (\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebedtime\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep duration\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep efficiency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esleep disorder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esoporific drug\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaytime dysfunction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal PSQI score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychoticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.121*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.193**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraversion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.081\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.077\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.067\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.180**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.370**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.236**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.280**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.285**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.306**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.348**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.129*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.138*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.183**\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.112*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e**P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01, * P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs can be seen from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, the total PSQI score was significantly correlated with the EPQ dimensions, in which internal and external inclination and masking were negatively correlated with the total PSQI score, neuroticism and psychoticism were positively correlated with the PSQI, psychoticism was positively correlated with the dimensions of sleep disorders, and neuroticism was positively correlated with sleep quality, time to fall asleep, sleep disorders, hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction, and masking was positively correlated with sleep quality, and negatively correlated with sleep time and time to fall asleep. time, and sleep duration were negatively correlated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eMultiple linear regression analysis of the factors affecting sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ewith the scores of each dimension of sleep quality as the dependent variable, and the scores of each dimension of general information and personality traits as the independent variables (the assigned values are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e), stepwise regression analysis was used, and the results showed that neuroticism, age, place of residence, monthly family income, duration of the disease of CKD, the cost of treatment, and the ability of living on one's own were the influencing Factors (Supplementary Table\u0026nbsp;7).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable assignment of factors influencing sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evariant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssignment of values\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edistinguishing between the sexes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebinary classification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Male; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Female\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeducational attainment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eordered polyculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Middle school and below; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;High school or junior college; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Bachelor's degree; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Graduate student and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisordered multiclassification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Unmarried; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Married; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Widowed; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Other\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecurrent address\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebinary classification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;urban; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;rural\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eoperating state\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisordered multiclassification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;employed; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;retired; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;not employed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly household income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eordered polyculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;3000 yuan; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3001\u0026ndash;5000 yuan; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5000 yuan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus of reimbursement of medical expenses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisordered multiclassification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;home insurance; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;social security; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;self-funded; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;commercial insurance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eprimary disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisordered multiclassification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;glomerulonephritis; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;hypertensive nephropathy; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;diabetic nephropathy; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;other\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCKD staging\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eordered polyculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1 period; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2 periods; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3 periods; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4 periods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration of CKD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eordered polyculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1 year; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1\u0026ndash;2 years 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of hospitalizations for CKD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eordered polyculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0 times; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1 times; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2 or more times\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etreatment cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eordered polyculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026le;\u0026thinsp;500; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;501\u0026ndash;1000; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1001\u0026ndash;1500; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edisordered multiclassification\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;fully self-supporting; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;partially self-supporting; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;fully dependent on others\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of outpatient follow-up visits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eordered polyculture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1 time; 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2 times; 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3 times; 4\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4 times or more\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychoticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOriginal Value Entry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraversion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOriginal Value Entry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOriginal Value Entry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOriginal Value Entry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple linear regression analysis of factors influencing sleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003evariant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSE\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eβ'\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003et-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Constant)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.828\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.780\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.298\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.766\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(a person's) age\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.068\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.257\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.723\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edistinguishing between the sexes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.574\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.471\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.071\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.224\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeducational attainment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.353\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.646\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.726\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.427\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.701\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.090\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecurrent address\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.564\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.157\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.288\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eoperating state\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.297\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly household income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.776\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.336\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.307\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatus of reimbursement of medical expenses\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.990\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eprimary disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.535\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.593\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCKD staging\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.253\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.038\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.557\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.578\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuration of CKD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.515\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.261\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.974\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of hospitalizations for CKD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etreatment cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.260\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.773\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.747\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber of outpatient follow-up visits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.272\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.519\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.604\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychoticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.255\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.790\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraversion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;.181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.856\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.446\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.075\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.359\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.906\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.694\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eNote: Model F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.07, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.372, adjusted \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.331.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSleep quality in patients with CKD stages 1\u0026ndash;4\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCurrently, most domestic and international studies on sleep quality use PSQI as an evaluation criterion. In this study, 158 patients, or 50.8%, had poor sleep quality .The sleep quality of patients with CKD1-4 is generally poor, which is consistent with the findings of Luo Minhong et al.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e The results of the study by Luo Minhong et al.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e are basically consistent. CKD patients may suffer from neurological complications, such as peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, dyspnea, electrolyte imbalance, itching and/or pruritus.\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. There is a complex etiology and pathogenesis between these complications and sleep quality\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e.For example, poor sleep quality affects the autonomic nervous system, which in turn affects nocturnal blood pressure drop, an important risk factor for disease progression in CKD\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Regular assessment of symptoms in a multidisciplinary team is essential for symptom management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe most serious of the dimensional scores was time to sleep, and in this study Age was positively correlated with PSQI scores in patients with CKD stage 1\u0026ndash;4, increasing age is an important risk factor for decreased sleep quality in these patients, and the older the person is, the more likely they are to suffer from sleep disturbances, similarly to what was reported\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e][\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. This is likely due to changes in sleep patterns with increasing age, characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, intermittent multiple transient awakenings, and often accompanied by sleep apnea.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, we also found statistically significant differences in sleep quality scores comparing patients with different monthly family incomes and treatment costs, the lower the patient's family income and the higher the treatment cost the worse the sleep quality, indicating that the long-term treatment cost of CKD is a financial pressure for patients, leading to poor sleep quality. The duration of CKD illness was positively correlated with sleep quality, the longer the duration of illness, the worse the quality of sleep, which might be related to the longer duration of illness, the presence of more complications, stomach upset, skin itching, etc., which affect the sleep of the patients\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e This may be related to the longer duration of the disease, the presence of more complications, stomach discomfort, itchy skin and other factors that affect sleep.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCorrelations between sleep quality and personality traits\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of this paper showed that the total PSQI score was significantly correlated with the dimensions of EPQ, in which the introversion and extroversion and masked personality were negatively correlated with the total PSQI score, and the masked personality was positively correlated with sleep quality, and negatively correlated with the time to fall asleep and the duration of sleep. The internal and external orientation (E) scores of the sleep disorder group were significantly lower than those of the sleep normal group (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Consistent with the results of Wang Wenjing\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e findings, the presence of introversion, sensitivity, strong sensibility, and a preference for introspection in patients with low E scores is the main reason why patients are more likely to develop sleep disorders. This reflects that when introverts have sleep problems, they may be less likely to seek help from the outside world and others, and more likely to try to solve the problem by themselves. On the other hand, people with high masking tend to be less likely to show their sleep problems to the outside world, even if they are already tired or have low energy. Patients with extraverted personality are more willing to confide in others, seek outside help, and obtain more social support when they encounter stress, and are more inclined to adopt mature coping styles to solve problems and alleviate negative emotions, thus improving the quality of sleep. Neuroticism and psychotic personality were positively correlated with the total PSQI score, psychoticism was positively correlated with the sleep disorder dimension, and neuroticism was significantly positively correlated with the five PSQI dimensions of sleep quality, time to sleep, sleep disorder, hypnotic medication, and daytime dysfunction. The N neuroticism score was significantly higher in the sleep disorder group than in the normal sleep group (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Neurotic personality is a risk factor for sleep quality. Neurotic personality has a high degree of anxiety, hostility, depression and self-consciousness, poor ability to cope with external stress and emotional self-regulation, impulsivity, and strong self-consciousness, thus triggering a kind of fatigue and irritation, which affects the sleep quality of patients\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e At the same time, patients are more inclined to take a negative way of coping, the problem is difficult to solve, the mood is not easy to patients, thus affecting the quality of sleep. Personality traits have a certain degree of plasticity\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e. Zhang Yan\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e, Wu Xianshu\u003csup\u003e[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/sup\u003e et al. applied the multi-maintenance rationale of Eysenck personality classification to hemodialysis patients, and found that it can significantly improve sleep quality and life satisfaction, which is of great clinical significance to improve the satisfaction of maintenance hemodialysis patients. The above results suggest that healthcare professionals can take a personalized approach to neurotic and psychotic personality patients in their clinical work to intervene, reduce patients' negative emotions, eliminate their inner restlessness and loneliness, and improve the quality of their sleep.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy implications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe current study has several limitations. First, we were only a single-centre cross-sectional survey study and would like to conduct a multi-centre survey study. Second, in this study the questionnaire was a self-report questionnaire, so there may be recall bias and confounding factors such as education level and comprehension. Third, this study only assessed the correlation between personality traits and sleep quality, which is insufficient to verify the causal relationship between the two. Further longitudinal empirical studies are needed in the future, such as whether interventions on personality traits can alleviate the symptoms of sleep disorders. In the future, we can explore the far-reaching effects of personality on the development and prognosis of CKD through multi-center, expanding the sample size, and the use of sleep monitoring devices to monitor sleep.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn summary, more than half of CKD stage 1\u0026ndash;4 patients have sleep quality problems, and patients with neurotic personality and psychotic personality are more likely to have sleep disorders. Healthcare professionals should take the initiative to understand the personality characteristics of the patients, and conduct personality assessment of CKD patients at an early stage. This can be used to provide targeted training and individualized interventions at the individual and organizational levels, to improve the quality of patient's sleep, enhance the effectiveness of the diagnosis and treatment, and help patients return to society as soon as possible.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Third \u0026nbsp;Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center (No. 3-22, 2020). All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations or the Declaration of Helsinki. The principle of confidentiality was followed throughout the study, including the process of data collection，analysed，and interpreted. All patients participating in the study obtained verbal informed consent before the start of the study and completed a written informed consent form after being informed of the purpose of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was funded by the The Third \u0026nbsp;Hospital of Mianyang,Sichuan Mental Health Center (Project title: Study on the correlation between sleep quality and personality in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1-4; Project ID: 202016), Mianyang Municipal Health and Wellness Committee(Project title: Cross-theoretical modelling interventions on the effects of negative emotions, self-management level, sleep quality and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease;Project ID:202258)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors approved the study. TH, XY,LL and ZL conceived the study. XY , LL ,HY collected the data. TH and TW analyzed the data. All authors interpreted the findings and contributed to the conception and design of the study. TH wrote the first draft of the manuscript. TW and JH made critical reviews and improvements of the draft.All authors read and critically revised the first draft and confirmed the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709\u0026ndash;33.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElshahat S, Cockwell P, Maxwell AP et al. The impact of chronic kidney disease on developed countries from a health economics perspective: A systematic scoping review[J]. PLoS ONE,2020, 15(3), e0230512.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePeng HL, Lorenz RA, Chang YP. Sleep quality in family caregivers of individuals with dementia: A concept analysis[J]. Clin Nurs Res. 2016;25(4):448\u0026ndash;64.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBuysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk III. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research[J]. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193\u0026ndash;213.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSun H, Qin K, Zou C, et al. The association of nighttime sleep duration and quality with chronic kidney disease in middle-aged and older Chinese: A cohort study[J]. Sleep Med. 2021;86:25\u0026ndash;31.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang CH, Cheng CS, Yen M. Factors associated with poor sleep quality in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: A systematic review [J]. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79(6):2043\u0026ndash;57.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFletcher BR, Damery S, Aiyegbusi OL, et al. Symptom burden and health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease: A global systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. PLoS Med. 2022;19(4):e1003954.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePierratos A, Hanly PJ. Sleep disorders over the full range of chronic kidney disease [J]. Blood Purif. 2011;31(1\u0026ndash;3):146\u0026ndash;50.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJiubo ZHAO, Xiaoyuan ZHANG. A study on correlation between sleep quality and personality in military medical students [J]. Chin J Behav Med Brain Sci 2006,15(7):627\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYouwei YAN, Mingyan LIU, Xiangdong TANG, et al. On the Relationship Among Stress Response,Coping and Sleep Quality [J]. Adv Psychol Sci. 2010;18(11):1734\u0026ndash;46.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXianchen LIU, Maoqin TANG, Lei HU et al. Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [J]. Chin J Psychiatry 1996, 29(2): 103\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMingyi QIAN, Guocheng WU, Rongchun ZHU et al. Development of the revised eysenck personality questionnaire short scale for chinese (EPQ-RSC) [J]. J Psychol,2000(03):317\u0026ndash;23.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang CH, Cheng CS, Yen M. Factors associated with poor sleep quality in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease: A systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2023;79(6):2043\u0026ndash;57.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCabrera VJ, Hansson J, Kliger AS, et al. Symptom Management of the Patient with CKD: The Role of Dialysis [J]. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12(4):687\u0026ndash;93.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHan Y, Song X, Liu Y, et al. The effects of depression and age on sleep disturbances in patients with non-dialysis stage 3\u0026ndash;5 chronic kidney disease: a single-center study [J]. Int Urol Nephrol. 2020;52(4):739\u0026ndash;48.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeng T, Li X, Ma H, et al. Adherence to a Healthy Sleep Pattern and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: The UK Biobank Study [J]. Mayo Clin Proc. 2022;97(1):68\u0026ndash;77.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMinhong LUO, Liping YUAN, Qiulian CHEN et al. A longitudinal study on sleep quality of patients with stage 4 chronic kidney disease,subject to hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis [J]. J Clin Nephrol 2015,15(06):359\u0026ndash;63.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRuszkowski J, Heleniak Z, Krol E, et al. Associations between symptoms of constipation and sleep quality in patients with nondialysis chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study[J]. Pol Archives Intern Med. 2021;131(6):512\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWANG Wenjing XU, Jiaan YUAN, Xuelong. Relationship between personality characteristics and coping styles of pregnant women and sleep quality[J]. Guangdong Med. 2017;38(22):3505\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTingting HE, Qiaoling LIAO, Lingli LI et al. Analysis on relationship between personality traits and occupational burnout among1 067 headnurses in grade-A tertiary hospitals of Sichuan Province[J]. Occupation Health 2023,39(12):1608\u0026ndash;12.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eREICH J. State and trait in personality disorders[J]. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2007;19(1):37\u0026ndash;44.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZHANG Yan WU, Shu-xian, LI Yu-xiang. The Effect of Multi-maintenance on the Quality of Sleep and Quality of life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients based on Eysenck's Personality Classification [J]. J Clin Nurs 2020,19(02):21\u0026ndash;4.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShuxian WU, Yan ZHANG, Yuxiang LI. Effects of nursing intervention based on Eysenck's personality classification on maintenance haemodialysis patients[J]. Qilu Nurs J. 2022;28(09):109\u0026ndash;12.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Chronic kidney disease stages 1–4, Sleep quality, Personality, Relationship","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643343/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643343/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective \u003c/strong\u003eTo investigate the sleep status of patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) at stages 1-4 and to explore the interplay between personality traits and sleep.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods \u003c/strong\u003eA convenience sample of 311 CKD patients stages 1-4 was selected from those attending outpatient clinics and hospitalized in the nephrology department of a tertiary institution. attending outpatient clinics and hospitalized in the nephrology department of a tertiary hospital in Mianyang City. \u0026nbsp;The general condition questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI), and the Chinese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Short Form (EPQ-SF) \u0026nbsp;were used to evaluate the patients’ sleep quality and personality traits,.The relationship \u0026nbsp;between CKD at stages 1-4 patients , sleep quality and personality traits was \u0026nbsp;meticulously examined using statistical methods. Specifically, Pearson's correlation analysis was employed to indentify and lineare relationships between these veriables. Subsequently, multivariate stepwise regression was applied to further dissect the complex interdependencies, controlling for multiple variables simultaneously.This approach allowed for a nuanced understanding of how sleep quality and personality traits interrelate with the progression of CKD in stages 1-4. The comprehensive assessment of these factors provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics at play in the lives of CKD patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe PSQI score patients with CKD stages 1-4 was 8.24±4.02, indication that over half( 50.8%) of \u0026nbsp;the patients experienced sleep disorders. A comparative analysis of the \u0026nbsp;EPQ scores between patients with the normal sleep group (PSQI score ≤7) and those with sleep disorders group ( PSQI score \u0026gt;7) revealed that the neuroticism score, of the sleep-disordered group was significantly elevated (P\u0026lt;0.001), while their introversion and extraversion scores were notably lower (P\u0026lt;0.05) compared to the normal sleep group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total PSQI score demonstrated significant correlations \u0026nbsp;with various EPQ dimensions, Specifically, internal and external orientation and masking were found to be \u0026nbsp;negatively associated with the PSQI score (P \u0026lt; 0.05), suggestion that patients with better sleep quality tend to exhibit these traits. Conversely, neuroticism and psychoticism showed positive correlations with the PSQI score (P\u0026lt;0.05), indicating that higher levels of these personality traits are linked to poorer sleep quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurther analysis indicated that psychoticism was positively correlated with specific dimensions of sleep disorders (P\u0026lt;0.05), and neuroticism was associated with reduced sleep quality, prolonged sleep onset, and increased reliance on hypnotic drugs, as well as greater daytime dysfunction (P\u0026lt;0.05).Additionally, The lie scale of the EPQ was found to have a positive relationship with overall sleep quality (P \u0026lt; 0.05) but was negatively correlated with time taken to fall asleep and sleep quality (P \u0026lt; 0.05). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis identified several factors that significantly influence sleep disorders in CKD patients at stages 1-4, These include neuroticism, age, place of residence monthly family income, duration of CKD, treatment cost, and self-care ability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003e The study’s findings underscore the neuroticism and psychoticism on the sleep quality of CKD patients., highlighting the importance of considering these traits in the management of sleep disorders in this population.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of the relationship between sleep quality and personality trials in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1-4","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-22 16:52:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643343/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b64db0a7-5eb4-4603-a0c4-5dd3fbb59352","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 22nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-02T07:53:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-22 16:52:33","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4643343","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4643343","identity":"rs-4643343","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}