Design optimization and experiment of corn U-shaped fertilization device

Design optimization and experiment of corn U-shaped fertilization device | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Design optimization and experiment of corn U-shaped fertilization device Zheng Zuo, Jianguo Zhao, Baozhong Yin, Lixia Li, Hetong Jia, Baochuan Zhang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2346228/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Jun, 2023 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aiming at the problems of low utilization rate of corn fertilizer, low precision of fertilization ratio, and time-consuming and laborious topdressing in the later stage, an U-shaped fertilization device with uniform fertilizer mechanism was designed. The device was mainly composed of uniform fertilizer mixing mechanism, fertilizer guide plate and fertilization plate. Compound fertilizer was applied on both sides and slow/controlled release fertilizer was applied at the bottom to form an U-shaped distribution of fertilizer around corn seeds. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the structural parameters of the fertilization device were determined. Through the simulated soil tank test, the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was carried out on the main factors affecting the spatial stratification effect of fertilizer. The optimal parameters were obtained as follows: the stirring speed of the stirring structure was 300 r/min, the bending angle of the fertilization tube was 165°, and the operating speed of the fertilization device was 3 km/h. The results of bench verification test showed that under the optimized stirring speed and bending angle, the fertilizer particles were stirred evenly, and the average values of fertilizer flowing out of the fertilization tubes on both sides were 299.5 g and 297.4 g, respectively. The average fertilizer amounts of the three fertilizer outlets were 200.4 g, 203.2 g and 197.7 g, respectively, which met the agronomic requirements of 1:1:1 fertilization, and the variation coefficients of fertilizer amounts on both sides of the fertilizer pipe and each layer were less than 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. The simulation results of the optimized U-shaped fertilization device can achieve the expected U-shaped fertilization effect around corn seeds. The results of field experiment showed that the U-shaped fertilization device could realize the U-shaped proportional application of fertilizer in soil. The distance between the upper end of fertilization on both sides and the distance between the base fertilizer and the surface were 87.3 ~ 95.2 mm and 197.8 ~ 206.0 mm, respectively. The transverse distance between the fertilizers on both sides was 84.3 ~ 99.4 mm, and the error with the designed theoretical fertilization was within 10 mm. Compared with the traditional side fertilization method, the number of corn roots increased by 5 ~ 6, the root length increased by 30 ~ 40 mm, and the yield increased by 9.9 ~ 14.8 %. U-shaped fertilization device stirring speed bending angle proportional fertilization bench verification Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files RawData.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Jun, 2023 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 06 May, 2023 Reviews received at journal 05 May, 2023 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Apr, 2023 Reviewers invited by journal 24 Apr, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 24 Apr, 2023 Editor invited by journal 15 Dec, 2022 Submission checks completed at journal 15 Dec, 2022 First submitted to journal 05 Dec, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2346228","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":160450399,"identity":"53e1b690-2018-472d-8731-f471a5433a81","order_by":0,"name":"Zheng Zuo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Agricultural University of Hebei","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zuo","suffix":""},{"id":160450401,"identity":"635e70b2-3c21-4d71-95ec-8fdaf5db0ecb","order_by":1,"name":"Jianguo 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stirring speed, bending angle, proportional fertilization, bench verification","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2346228/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2346228/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAiming at the problems of low utilization rate of corn fertilizer, low precision of fertilization ratio, and time-consuming and laborious topdressing in the later stage, an U-shaped fertilization device with uniform fertilizer mechanism was designed. The device was mainly composed of uniform fertilizer mixing mechanism, fertilizer guide plate and fertilization plate. Compound fertilizer was applied on both sides and slow/controlled release fertilizer was applied at the bottom to form an U-shaped distribution of fertilizer around corn seeds. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the structural parameters of the fertilization device were determined. Through the simulated soil tank test, the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was carried out on the main factors affecting the spatial stratification effect of fertilizer. The optimal parameters were obtained as follows: the stirring speed of the stirring structure was 300 r/min, the bending angle of the fertilization tube was 165°, and the operating speed of the fertilization device was 3 km/h. The results of bench verification test showed that under the optimized stirring speed and bending angle, the fertilizer particles were stirred evenly, and the average values of fertilizer flowing out of the fertilization tubes on both sides were 299.5 g and 297.4 g, respectively. The average fertilizer amounts of the three fertilizer outlets were 200.4 g, 203.2 g and 197.7 g, respectively, which met the agronomic requirements of 1:1:1 fertilization, and the variation coefficients of fertilizer amounts on both sides of the fertilizer pipe and each layer were less than 0.1% and 0.4%, respectively. The simulation results of the optimized U-shaped fertilization device can achieve the expected U-shaped fertilization effect around corn seeds. The results of field experiment showed that the U-shaped fertilization device could realize the U-shaped proportional application of fertilizer in soil. The distance between the upper end of fertilization on both sides and the distance between the base fertilizer and the surface were 87.3 ~ 95.2 mm and 197.8 ~ 206.0 mm, respectively. The transverse distance between the fertilizers on both sides was 84.3 ~ 99.4 mm, and the error with the designed theoretical fertilization was within 10 mm. Compared with the traditional side fertilization method, the number of corn roots increased by 5 ~ 6, the root length increased by 30 ~ 40 mm, and the yield increased by 9.9 ~ 14.8 %.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Design optimization and experiment of corn U-shaped fertilization device","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-12-19 05:53:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2346228/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2023-05-07T02:45:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2023-05-05T05:09:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"b3ef6add-36b1-46d0-8396-c4ea7a0101f2","date":"2023-04-25T02:17:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2023-04-24T23:04:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-04-24T22:58:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2022-12-15T17:55:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2022-12-15T17:50:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2022-12-05T13:30:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"70e22f67-8316-4fa1-9d94-a4fdac4daa2c","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 19th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T21:40:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-2346228","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36746-5","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2023-06-14 21:13:01","publishedOnDateReadable":"June 14th, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2022-12-19 05:53:49","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-023-36746-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36746-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2346228","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2346228","identity":"rs-2346228","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"omnImTCwR2MFx8CMYfrG7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}