Sweeping frequency balanced electromagnetic field distortion effects under buried cracks

Sweeping frequency balanced electromagnetic field distortion effects under buried cracks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sweeping frequency balanced electromagnetic field distortion effects under buried cracks Jingkang Xiao, Fengli Zhang, Feng Qiu, Tiantian Liu, Jinjiang Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8782911/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Electromagnetic testing (ET) possesses the advantages of strong adaptability and low sensitivity to environmental conditions, enabling effective identification of surface cracks. However, its accuracy in detecting buried cracks is often constrained by the limitation of skin depth. To address this issue, this paper proposes sweeping frequency balanced electromagnetic technology (SFBET) and systematically investigates the disturbance characteristics of buried cracks on the sweeping balanced electromagnetic field, leading to the discovery and definition of a new characteristic parameter independent of skin depth-the amplitude zero-point frequency (AZF). First, a finite element model is established to simulate the disturbance behavior of buried cracks on the balanced electromagnetic field, and the formation mechanism of the amplitude zero-point (AZ) is revealed. Subsequently, an experimental platform for buried crack detection is constructed to validate the simulation results. Finally, the quantitative relationship between the crack buried depth and the AZ is analyzed. The results demonstrate that, under sweeping frequency excitation, the skin depth varies dynamically; buried cracks significantly disrupt the balanced state of the electromagnetic field, causing distortions in both its propagation direction and amplitude; during the sweeping process, a zero-amplitude point emerges near the crack edge, and the corresponding excitation frequency exhibits an exponential relationship with the crack buried depth, with a fitting correlation coefficient exceeding 0.99. Buried cracks electromagnetic testing sweeping frequency balanced electromagnetic technology non-destructive testing sensors Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 25 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 25 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 07 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 05 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 04 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8782911","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":622258054,"identity":"7b8e4f8b-a15a-4771-b4f4-6b9ef7b195c2","order_by":0,"name":"Jingkang Xiao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Petroleum","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jingkang","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiao","suffix":""},{"id":622258058,"identity":"e537a917-d4fb-4dda-b0f8-b0668ba8ca1d","order_by":1,"name":"Fengli Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1UlEQVRIie3SsQrCMBCA4QuCWU5wjCD1CYSTQHEQ+yopgi4OHZ1KRWgX3RXfw7nSwUXc3drNwSEP4GDc3JJRMN9wU/4hlwB43g/imRk1AbJivW60S4KlGYqg39pWGyncE4AJ3y/yLjolfFc9VJJi59DkIGAaDDNbgrf5WFEbe8c4rxOYybC0JJFYhqQIcXSMCxJQxidbgoPnJxEY3c+5QKdEoKwVEbI9c01wGZolK2Tb2CyZHO6C/Cq1fqURKy5No1fTwJoY7a8HJPvxj5bTN/E8z/tjb9OuPZXeevEOAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Petroleum","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fengli","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":622258059,"identity":"75108183-0224-4c5f-9dc4-23c1100d3c42","order_by":2,"name":"Feng Qiu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co., Ltd","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feng","middleName":"","lastName":"Qiu","suffix":""},{"id":622258061,"identity":"fdfc5845-6b20-48fb-a0d7-bbca5cd7ef9e","order_by":3,"name":"Tiantian Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"China University of Petroleum","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tiantian","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":622258062,"identity":"2c86953c-3e4f-4a5b-9402-461e9da79642","order_by":4,"name":"Jinjiang Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State Administration for Market Regulation","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinjiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-04 07:09:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8782911/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8782911/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106961842,"identity":"d097adf6-9a9d-4b44-965c-db6b268161b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-15 09:27:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1206540,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8782911/v1_covered_b29630d2-c541-49a1-ad22-0b08036f5c78.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Sweeping frequency balanced electromagnetic field distortion effects under buried cracks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-nondestructive-evaluation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jone","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation](http://link.springer.com/journal/10921)","snPcode":"10921","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10921/3","title":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Buried cracks, electromagnetic testing, sweeping frequency balanced electromagnetic technology, non-destructive testing, sensors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8782911/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8782911/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eElectromagnetic testing (ET) possesses the advantages of strong adaptability and low sensitivity to environmental conditions, enabling effective identification of surface cracks. 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