Psychosocial Needs and Available Support Services Among Gynecological Cancer Patients in Federal Medical Centerabeokuta, Ogun State: A Cross-sectional Study

Psychosocial Needs and Available Support Services Among Gynecological Cancer Patients in Federal Medical Centerabeokuta, Ogun State: A Cross-sectional Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Psychosocial Needs and Available Support Services Among Gynecological Cancer Patients in Federal Medical Centerabeokuta, Ogun State: A Cross-sectional Study Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga, Rafiat Ajoke Anokwuru, Oluwabusolami Esther Atekoja, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8947449/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Gynecological cancers are associated with substantial psychosocial morbidity, yet supportive care remains inadequately integrated into oncology services in many low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed psychosocial needs and perceived support gaps among gynecological cancer survivors in Southwest Nigeria and examined whether these needs varied by treatment modality. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 47 women receiving follow-up care at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Psychosocial needs were measured using the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form (SCNS-SF34), and perceived support services were assessed using adapted items from the Duke/UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics summarized domain scores. Chi-square tests examined the association between treatment modality and psychosocial need levels (α = 0.05). Results Participants reported moderate overall psychosocial needs (mean = 3.19 ± 0.59), with the highest burden observed in psychological (3.31 ± 0.58) and health system/information domains (3.24 ± 0.61). Emotional distress and informational uncertainty were prominent. Most respondents perceived psychosocial support services as inadequate, particularly financial assistance, transportation support, and emotional support. Psychosocial needs did not differ significantly by treatment modality (χ² = 2.090, p = 0.911). Conclusion Gynecological cancer survivors experience substantial multidimensional psychosocial needs irrespective of treatment modality. Integrating structured psychosocial screening and supportive interventions into routine oncology care is urgently needed in resource-constrained settings. Implications: The study examined the need for gynecological cancer survivor-centered psychosocial interventions integrated into routine oncology care to improve emotional well-being, coping strategies, and quality of life among gynecological cancer survivors. Gynecological cancer Psychosocial needs Support services Oncology care Emotional well-being Introduction Gynecological cancers constitute a major public health challenge globally and are associated not only with substantial morbidity and mortality but also with significant psychosocial consequences for affected women [ 1 ]. Beyond the physical burden of disease and treatment, women diagnosed with gynecological cancers—including cervical, ovarian, endometrial, vulvar, and vaginal cancers often experience profound psychological distress, social disruption, and unmet supportive care needs throughout the disease trajectory [ 2 ]. Globally, the rising incidence of gynecological cancers has been attributed to demographic transitions, environmental exposures, and behavioral risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyles, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption; however, increasing attention has been drawn to the inadequacy of psychosocial support services available to women living with these conditions [ 3 ]. In 2022, an estimated 1,473,427 new cases and 680,372 deaths were reported worldwide, with disproportionately higher psychosocial vulnerability observed in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where structured psychosocial support remains limited [ 4 ]. In Nigeria, where cervical cancer ranks as the second most common cancer among women, cancer care largely prioritizes biomedical management, often overlooking the psychosocial needs and support services critical to holistic care and improved quality of life. This study is guided by the Biopsychosocial Model, which provides a comprehensive framework for understanding cancer survivorship by recognizing that health outcomes result from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors [ 5 ]. In gynecological cancer, biological disease processes and treatment-related effects interact with psychological responses such as anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and uncertainty, as well as social determinants including family support, financial resources, and access to healthcare services [ 6 ]. This holistic framework underpinned the importance of addressing psychosocial needs alongside biomedical treatment to improve survivorship outcomes. Women diagnosed with gynecological cancers experience complex psychological and social challenges related to body image, sexuality, fertility concerns, financial hardship, and disruptions in social roles [ 7 ]. Psychological distress, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, has been widely reported among gynecological cancer survivors and is associated with unmet supportive care needs [ 8 ]. Additionally, inadequate social support, poor communication with healthcare providers, and limited access to information have been identified as critical contributors to reduced quality of life among cancer survivors [ 9 ]. Despite the recognized importance of psychosocial care, substantial unmet needs persist globally, particularly in low-resource settings [ 10 ]. Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa indicates that cancer survivors frequently report unmet emotional, informational, and practical support needs, reflecting limited integration of psychosocial services into routine oncology care [ 11 ]. In Nigeria, cancer care remains largely biomedical, with psychosocial assessment and interventions rarely incorporated into standard clinical practice [ 12 ]. In Ogun State, empirical evidence on the psychosocial needs of women with gynecological cancer and the availability of support services remains scarce. Understanding these needs within the biopsychosocial framework is essential for designing specific interventions, strengthening survivorship care, and informing institutional and policy-level responses. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychosocial needs and available support services among women with gynecological cancer in the Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Generating local evidence on these needs is critical to guide healthcare providers, policymakers, and support organizations in developing comprehensive psychosocial interventions to improve coping capacity, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life among gynecological cancer survivors. METHOD Study Design and Setting This was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Participants A purposive sampling technique was used to recruit women diagnosed with gynecological cancer who were receiving follow-up care at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta (FMCA), Ogun State, Nigeria. FMCA is a major referral center for oncology and surgical services in the state and therefore manages a substantial proportion of gynecological cancer cases. A total enumeration approach was employed, whereby all eligible gynecological cancer survivors available during the study period were invited to participate, resulting in a sample size of 47 participants. Total enumeration was used because the population of gynecological cancer survivors attending the facility during the study period was relatively small, and including all eligible participants maximized statistical power and minimized selection bias. Given the limited population size and single-center design, this study was exploratory and institution-based; therefore, findings should be interpreted within this context. Inclusion criteria were willing women aged 18 years and above with a confirmed medical diagnosis of gynecological cancer (cervical, ovarian, uterine, vulvar, or vaginal cancer) who were mentally and physically capable of providing informed consent and completing the questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included women with benign gynecological conditions, critically ill patients, those unable to communicate effectively, and those who declined participation. Data Collection Data were collected using standardized instruments to assess psychosocial needs and available psychosocial support services. Psychosocial needs were assessed using the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form (SCNS-SF34) [ 13 ], while available social support services were assessed using items adapted from the Duke/UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUFSSQ) [ 14 ]. The PhenX Toolkit guided the selection of standardized psychosocial measurement domains. The questionnaire comprised three sections. Section A captured demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, marital status, education level, occupation, residence, type of gynecological cancer, year and stage of diagnosis, treatment modality, and comorbid conditions. Section B contained the SCNS-SF34, a validated 34-item instrument measuring cancer-specific supportive care needs across five domains: psychological, health system and information, physical and daily living, patient care and support, and sexuality. Responses were rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (no need/not applicable) to 5 (high need). Section C assessed the availability of psychosocial support services, including counseling, informational support, peer support, social welfare services, and healthcare provider support, adapted from the DUFSSQ. Data were collected through face-to-face administration of questionnaires by trained research assistants during oncology clinic visits between May and July 2025. This approach facilitated clarification of questions, ensured completeness of responses, and minimized missing data, while ensuring minimal disruption to clinical care. Content validity was established through expert review by specialists in oncology nursing and psychology, who assessed item relevance, clarity, and comprehensiveness. Reliability was assessed through a pilot test among gynecological cancer patients in a similar setting outside the study population. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha, yielding coefficients of 0.89 for the SCNS-SF34 and 0.86 for the psychosocial support section, indicating good reliability [ 15 ]. Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations). Psychosocial need levels were categorized as low, moderate, or high based on aggregate SCNS-SF34 scores. Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between treatment modality and psychosocial need level. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Given the modest sample size, inferential findings were interpreted cautiously. Results Table 1 Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Respondents (n = 47) Variable Category n % Marital status Married 34 72.3 Single 11 23.4 Widowed 2 4.3 Educational level Primary 4 8.5 Secondary 11 23.4 Tertiary 21 44.7 Postgraduate 11 23.4 Employment status Employed 20 42.6 Self-employed 20 42.6 Unemployed 7 14.9 Residence Urban 42 89.4 Rural 5 10.6 Occupation Trading 31 66.0 Civil service 14 29.8 Public service 2 4.3 Cancer type Cervical 13 27.7 Ovarian 12 25.5 Uterine 11 23.4 Endometrial 9 19.1 Choriocarcinoma 1 2.1 Vulvar 1 2.1 Cancer stage Stage I (Ia–Ib) 21 44.7 Stage II (IIa–IIb) 20 42.6 Stage III–IV 6 12.7 Year of diagnosis 1998–2019 2 4.2 2020–2022 18 38.3 2023–2025 27 57.4 Comorbidities Hypertension 17 36.2 Diabetes 6 12.8 Coronary heart disease 1 2.1 None/Other 23 48.9 Treatment modality Surgery 24 51.1 Chemotherapy 10 21.3 Radiotherapy 2 4.3 Combined therapy 11 23.4 Table 1 presents the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the respondents. The majority of participants were married (72.3%), indicating that most had spousal or family support systems. Educational attainment was relatively high, with most respondents having tertiary (44.7%) or postgraduate (23.4%) education, suggesting a well-educated study population. Employment status showed that 42.6% were employed and 42.6% were self-employed, while only 14.9% were unemployed, reflecting a largely economically active group. Most respondents resided in urban areas (89.4%), which may imply better access to healthcare services. Trading was the predominant occupation (66.0%), followed by civil service employment (29.8%). Regarding clinical characteristics, cervical cancer was the most common cancer type (27.7%), followed by ovarian cancer (25.5%) and uterine cancer (23.4%), while choriocarcinoma and vulvar cancer were the least reported (2.1% each). Most respondents were diagnosed at early to mid-stages of cancer, with stage I (44.7%) and stage II (42.6%) accounting for the majority, whereas only 12.7% were diagnosed at advanced stages (stage III–IV). The majority of diagnoses occurred between 2023 and 2025 (57.4%), indicating an increase in recent case detection or referral to the study facility. Nearly half of the respondents reported comorbid conditions, with hypertension being the most prevalent (36.2%), followed by diabetes (12.8%). Surgery was the most common treatment modality (51.1%), followed by combined treatment approaches (23.4%) and chemotherapy alone (21.3%), while radiotherapy alone was the least utilized treatment option (4.3%). Overall, the table highlights the diverse sociodemographic and clinical profiles of gynecological cancer survivors in the study setting, with a predominance of early-stage diagnoses and surgical treatment, and a high burden of comorbid conditions. Table 2 Descriptive Summary of Psychosocial Needs Domains (n = 47) Domain Items (n) Mean ± SD Level of Need Physical needs 5 3.05 ± 0.62 Moderate Psychological needs 9 3.31 ± 0.58 Moderate–High Health system & information needs 11 3.24 ± 0.61 Moderate Patient care & support needs 6 3.17 ± 0.59 Moderate Sexuality needs 3 2.87 ± 0.64 Low–Moderate Overall psychosocial needs 34 3.19 ± 0.59 Moderate Note : Scores range from 1 (no need) to 5 (high need) Table 2 presents the descriptive analysis of psychosocial needs among gynecological cancer patients. Overall, respondents reported moderate to high levels of psychosocial needs across multiple domains, with mean scores ranging from approximately 2.83 to 3.49 on the five-point scale, indicating substantial unmet needs. Among physical needs, fatigue/lack of energy (mean = 3.15) and feeling unwell (mean = 3.15) were the most prominent concerns, while pain and difficulty performing household activities were reported at moderate levels. Psychological needs were particularly pronounced, with anxiety (mean = 3.45), feeling down or depressed (mean = 3.38), feelings of sadness (mean = 3.21), and concerns about death and dying (mean = 3.32 ) indicating significant emotional distress among participants. Uncertainty about the future and worries about cancer progression also reflected moderate to high psychological burden. Health system and information-related needs were substantial, especially being informed about test results quickly (mean = 3.49), information about treatment benefits and side effects (mean = 3.36), and explanations of tests (mean = 3.30 ) . These findings suggest gaps in timely communication and patient education within the healthcare system. Patient care and support needs were also evident, including worries about their relatives (mean = 3.34), keeping a positive attitude (mean = 3.47), and the desire for reassurance and continuity of care, highlighting the importance of emotional and relational support. Sexuality-related needs, including changes in sexual feelings and relationships, were reported at lower to moderate levels (means ranging from 2.83 to 2.91), indicating that although present, these concerns were less prominent compared to emotional and informational needs. Overall, the findings indicate that gynecological cancer patients experience multidimensional psychosocial needs, with emotional distress and informational gap, underscoring the need for structured psychosocial interventions and improved patient-centered communication in oncology care. Table 3 Availability of Psychosocial Support Services (n = 47) Support Service Less than Desired n (%) As Much as Desired n (%) Mean Visits with friends/relatives 43 (91.5) 4 (8.5) 1.09 Help around the house 36 (76.6) 11 (23.4) 1.23 Emergency financial help 41 (87.2) 6 (12.8) 1.13 People who care about me 38 (80.9) 9 (19.1) 1.19 Love and affection 32 (68.1) 15 (31.9) 1.32 Telephone calls from people I know 36 (76.6) 11 (23.4) 1.23 Talk about my disease 32 (68.1) 15 (31.9) 1.32 Talk to someone I trust 39 (83.0) 8 (17.0) 1.17 Talk about money matters 34 (72.3) 13 (27.7) 1.28 Invitation to go out 38 (80.9) 9 (19.1) 1.19 Useful life advice 38 (80.9) 9 (19.1) 1.19 Help with transportation 40 (85.1) 7 (14.9) 1.15 Help when sick in bed 38 (80.9) 9 (19.1) 1.19 Note : Mean scores range from 1 (Much Less Than Desired) to 2 (As Much as Desired). Lower scores indicate inadequate support. Table 3 showed that most psychosocial support services were perceived as inadequate by the respondents. For example, over 90% reported insufficient visits from friends and relatives, while more than 85% lacked transportation and emergency financial suppor t . Emotional support, including love, affection, and opportunities to talk to someone trusted, was also reported as limited, with 68–83% of participants rating these services as “much less than desired.” Table 4 Association between Type of Treatment and Psychosocial Needs (n = 47) Treatment Type Low Need n (%) Moderate Need n (%) High Need n (%) Total n (%) Chemotherapy 5 (50.0) 5 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 10 (21.3) Radiotherapy 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (4.3) Surgery 9 (37.5) 14 (58.3) 1 (4.2) 24 (51.1) Combined 3 (27.3) 7 (63.6) 1 (9.1) 11 (23.4) Total 18 (38.3) 27 (57.4) 2 (4.3) 47 (100) Chi-square test : χ² = 2.090, p = 0.911 (Not Significant) Note : Psychosocial needs did not vary significantly by treatment type. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant association between type of treatment and psychosocial needs (χ² = 2.090, p = 0.911). Moderate psychosocial needs were consistently reported across all treatment modalities: 50% of chemotherapy patients, 58.3% of surgical patients, and 63.6% of those receiving combined therapy. Only a small proportion of patients reported high or low psychosocial needs, indicating that psychosocial concerns are universal among gynecological cancer patients, regardless of treatment modality. Discussion The results suggest that women diagnosed with gynecological cancer experience a wide range of psychosocial needs spanning emotional, physical, informational, and social domains, with moderate-to-high levels of concern reported across many areas. Emotional needs, such as anxiety and the need to maintain a positive attitude, were particularly pronounced, with sadness and fears related to disease progression frequently reported. These findings align with prior research indicating that women with gynecological cancers often experience heightened emotional distress, uncertainty, and fear about prognosis, which collectively contribute to a significant psychosocial burden [ 16 ]. Using the biopsychosocial model, these findings illustrate the dynamic interaction between biological illness, psychological responses, and social context, highlighting that the emotional impact of cancer is deeply intertwined with the physiological and situational realities of the patient [ 17 ]. Moderate levels of physical concerns, such as fatigue and persistent feelings of being unwell, further underscore the dimension of biopsychosocial, showing how physical symptoms exacerbate psychological distress. These results are consistent with studies by [ 18 ], which reported that fatigue and ongoing physical discomfort intensify psychosocial challenges in female oncology patients. The convergence of physical and emotional symptoms reinforces the importance of a holistic approach that recognizes the interdependence of bodily health and psychological well-being in cancer survivorship [ 19 ]. Informational and care-related needs were also highly salient for respondents. Needs related to reassurance from medical staff, understanding test results, awareness of treatment side effects, and being treated with dignity were reported at moderate levels, indicating the critical role of clear communication and patient-centered care. These findings provide empirical support for a study, emphasizing that access to timely, accurate, and comprehensible information enhances patients’ sense of control and emotional adaptation during cancer treatment [ 18 , 19 ]. Additionally, the desire for a pleasant hospital environment and continuity of care reflects the influence of the care setting on psychosocial stress, consistent with [ 20 ], who highlighted the significance of healthcare environments and provider-patient interactions in promoting overall patient well-being [ 21 ]. From a biopsychosocial model perspective, these results demonstrate that both social and environmental factors are central to the patient’s capacity to cope and adapt. Analysis of psychosocial support services revealed substantial gaps in social, emotional, and practical support for women with gynecological cancer [ 22 ]. Many respondents reported receiving "much less than I would like" in areas such as visits from friends and relatives, emergency financial assistance, and transportation support. Emotional support and social interaction, including having someone to discuss personal problems or people who care about the patient’s well-being, were notably lacking. These results reinforce previous literature documenting pervasive unmet supportive care needs among oncology survivors, particularly in low-resource settings [ 23 ]. The clustering of mean scores around 1.0 highlights the low availability of perceived psychosocial support and underscores the urgent need for structured interventions that strengthen family engagement, peer networks, and institutional support. Within the study’s conceptual model, these findings illustrate that social and institutional factors critically shape the patient’s psychosocial experience and quality of life [ 3 ]. Finally, chi-square analyses indicated no significant differences in psychosocial needs based on treatment modalities or the presence of comorbid conditions (p > 0.05). Patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or combinations thereof reported moderate psychosocial needs, and conditions such as hypertension or diabetes did not significantly influence need levels. These findings are consistent with other recent studies showing that psychosocial burdens are largely independent of treatment type or comorbidities, highlighting the universality of these needs among gynecological cancer patients [ 3 , 24 , 25 ]. Taken together, the evidence underscores the importance of providing comprehensive psychosocial support to all patients, regardless of clinical variables, and emphasizes the urgent need to integrate emotional, informational, and social interventions into standard oncology care to mitigate distress and improve overall patient outcomes. . The study had several limitations. Environmental, psychosocial, and behavioral factors may have influenced participants’ responses and were beyond the researcher’s control. Additionally, the study was conducted at a single government hospital in Ogun State, limiting generalizability to other health facilities. Future research could generate more comprehensive insights by including patients’ partners and expanding the study across multiple institutions. Incorporating these considerations within a biopsychosocial framework could enhance understanding of the multifaceted needs of gynecological cancer survivors and guide the development of targeted interventions. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was performed in line with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Federal Medical Center Abeokuta (Ethics approval code: FMCA/470/HREC/01/2025/64). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection. Funding The authors declared that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript Competing Interests The authors declared no competing interests. Authors Contributions. Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga (main author) : Conceptualization, study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript drafting. Rafiat Ajoke Anokwuru and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga: Conceptualization, interpretation Oluwabusolami Esther Atekoja and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga: study design, manuscript drafting. Taiwo Temilola Ojo and Rafiat Ajoke Anokwuru: Literature review Titilayo Adebukola Gbokan and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga: Data collection Olajumoke Ileole Dele-Alonge and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga: analysis, interpretation Oluwatosin Oluwaseun Olu-Abiodun : manuscript editing. Folashade Wina : Manuscript editing Data availability The datasets generated during/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Consent to participate Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Clinical trial number Not applicable Consent to publish. Not Applicable. 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Afework T, Wondimagegnehu A, Bogale AS, Kantelhardt EJ, Addissie A. Predictors of unmet supportive care needs of adult cancer patients in Ethiopia. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) . 2022;31(6):e13694. doi: 10.1111/ecc.13694 Graf J, Junne F, Ehrental JC, Schäeffeler N, Schwille-Kluntke J, Stengel A, Mehnert-Theuerkauf A, Marwedel L, Brucker SY, Zipfel S, et al. Unmet supportive care needs among women with breast and gynecological cancer: Relevance of attachment anxiety and psychological distress (2020). Frontiers in Psychology , 11 , 558190. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33192814 Ene-Peter J, Orukwowu U. Caregiver burdens of cancer patients in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) (2023). IPS Journal of Public Health , 2 (1), 18–22. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 01 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 01 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 26 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 23 Feb, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8947449","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":618492810,"identity":"3f2fbbbf-0aee-4e8b-a0e1-b3d1bffb041c","order_by":0,"name":"Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Babcock University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Olubukola","middleName":"Olaitan","lastName":"Adeaga","suffix":""},{"id":618492811,"identity":"f6ddaa71-19cc-42db-b09f-305195be320c","order_by":1,"name":"Rafiat Ajoke Anokwuru","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Babcock University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rafiat","middleName":"Ajoke","lastName":"Anokwuru","suffix":""},{"id":618492813,"identity":"dcda2880-d909-4d9f-b12c-bf84d106f820","order_by":2,"name":"Oluwabusolami Esther Atekoja","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Olabisi Onabanjo University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oluwabusolami","middleName":"Esther","lastName":"Atekoja","suffix":""},{"id":618492815,"identity":"308cc213-6984-4489-aeee-e7bb80776deb","order_by":3,"name":"Taiwo Temilola Ojo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Babcock University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taiwo","middleName":"Temilola","lastName":"Ojo","suffix":""},{"id":618492817,"identity":"a8012ea3-b765-46cb-8f57-a9518518de66","order_by":4,"name":"Titilayo Adebukola Gbokan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Babcock University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Titilayo","middleName":"Adebukola","lastName":"Gbokan","suffix":""},{"id":618492819,"identity":"80774e94-003a-4af7-b2ce-62a7427cc72f","order_by":5,"name":"Olajumoke Ileole Dele-Alonge","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ogun State College of Nursing","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Olajumoke","middleName":"Ileole","lastName":"Dele-Alonge","suffix":""},{"id":618492820,"identity":"5ac613e4-d19f-4dd4-ae62-c3a9131b894d","order_by":6,"name":"Oluwatosin Oluwaseun Olu-Abiodun","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ogun State College of Nursing","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oluwatosin","middleName":"Oluwaseun","lastName":"Olu-Abiodun","suffix":""},{"id":618492822,"identity":"de3d1389-75b3-4ced-b920-fd90716a2406","order_by":7,"name":"Folashade Wina","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Babcock University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Folashade","middleName":"","lastName":"Wina","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-23 13:08:52","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8947449/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8947449/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106415224,"identity":"87ba54f0-19a5-4265-8fa1-1a75e4172359","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 10:33:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1029662,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8947449/v1/37717597-cef7-41c9-9f96-19ee961c814f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePsychosocial Needs and Available Support Services Among Gynecological Cancer Patients in Federal Medical Centerabeokuta, Ogun State: A Cross-sectional Study\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGynecological cancers constitute a major public health challenge globally and are associated not only with substantial morbidity and mortality but also with significant psychosocial consequences for affected women [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Beyond the physical burden of disease and treatment, women diagnosed with gynecological cancers\u0026mdash;including cervical, ovarian, endometrial, vulvar, and vaginal cancers often experience profound psychological distress, social disruption, and unmet supportive care needs throughout the disease trajectory [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Globally, the rising incidence of gynecological cancers has been attributed to demographic transitions, environmental exposures, and behavioral risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyles, tobacco use, and alcohol consumption; however, increasing attention has been drawn to the inadequacy of psychosocial support services available to women living with these conditions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. In 2022, an estimated 1,473,427 new cases and 680,372 deaths were reported worldwide, with disproportionately higher psychosocial vulnerability observed in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where structured psychosocial support remains limited [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. In Nigeria, where cervical cancer ranks as the second most common cancer among women, cancer care largely prioritizes biomedical management, often overlooking the psychosocial needs and support services critical to holistic care and improved quality of life.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study is guided by the Biopsychosocial Model, which provides a comprehensive framework for understanding cancer survivorship by recognizing that health outcomes result from the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. In gynecological cancer, biological disease processes and treatment-related effects interact with psychological responses such as anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and uncertainty, as well as social determinants including family support, financial resources, and access to healthcare services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. This holistic framework underpinned the importance of addressing psychosocial needs alongside biomedical treatment to improve survivorship outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWomen diagnosed with gynecological cancers experience complex psychological and social challenges related to body image, sexuality, fertility concerns, financial hardship, and disruptions in social roles [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Psychological distress, including anxiety and depressive symptoms, has been widely reported among gynecological cancer survivors and is associated with unmet supportive care needs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, inadequate social support, poor communication with healthcare providers, and limited access to information have been identified as critical contributors to reduced quality of life among cancer survivors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite the recognized importance of psychosocial care, substantial unmet needs persist globally, particularly in low-resource settings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa indicates that cancer survivors frequently report unmet emotional, informational, and practical support needs, reflecting limited integration of psychosocial services into routine oncology care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. In Nigeria, cancer care remains largely biomedical, with psychosocial assessment and interventions rarely incorporated into standard clinical practice [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Ogun State, empirical evidence on the psychosocial needs of women with gynecological cancer and the availability of support services remains scarce. Understanding these needs within the biopsychosocial framework is essential for designing specific interventions, strengthening survivorship care, and informing institutional and policy-level responses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, this study aimed to assess the psychosocial needs and available support services among women with gynecological cancer in the Federal Medical Center, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Generating local evidence on these needs is critical to guide healthcare providers, policymakers, and support organizations in developing comprehensive psychosocial interventions to improve coping capacity, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life among gynecological cancer survivors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"METHOD","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design and Setting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eParticipants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA purposive sampling technique was used to recruit women diagnosed with gynecological cancer who were receiving follow-up care at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta (FMCA), Ogun State, Nigeria. FMCA is a major referral center for oncology and surgical services in the state and therefore manages a substantial proportion of gynecological cancer cases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total enumeration approach was employed, whereby all eligible gynecological cancer survivors available during the study period were invited to participate, resulting in a sample size of 47 participants. Total enumeration was used because the population of gynecological cancer survivors attending the facility during the study period was relatively small, and including all eligible participants maximized statistical power and minimized selection bias. Given the limited population size and single-center design, this study was exploratory and institution-based; therefore, findings should be interpreted within this context.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInclusion criteria were willing women aged 18 years and above with a confirmed medical diagnosis of gynecological cancer (cervical, ovarian, uterine, vulvar, or vaginal cancer) who were mentally and physically capable of providing informed consent and completing the questionnaire. Exclusion criteria included women with benign gynecological conditions, critically ill patients, those unable to communicate effectively, and those who declined participation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData were collected using standardized instruments to assess psychosocial needs and available psychosocial support services. Psychosocial needs were assessed using the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form (SCNS-SF34) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], while available social support services were assessed using items adapted from the Duke/UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUFSSQ) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. The PhenX Toolkit guided the selection of standardized psychosocial measurement domains.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire comprised three sections. Section A captured demographic and clinical characteristics, including age, marital status, education level, occupation, residence, type of gynecological cancer, year and stage of diagnosis, treatment modality, and comorbid conditions. Section B contained the SCNS-SF34, a validated 34-item instrument measuring cancer-specific supportive care needs across five domains: psychological, health system and information, physical and daily living, patient care and support, and sexuality. Responses were rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (no need/not applicable) to 5 (high need). Section C assessed the availability of psychosocial support services, including counseling, informational support, peer support, social welfare services, and healthcare provider support, adapted from the DUFSSQ.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were collected through face-to-face administration of questionnaires by trained research assistants during oncology clinic visits between May and July 2025. This approach facilitated clarification of questions, ensured completeness of responses, and minimized missing data, while ensuring minimal disruption to clinical care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContent validity was established through expert review by specialists in oncology nursing and psychology, who assessed item relevance, clarity, and comprehensiveness. Reliability was assessed through a pilot test among gynecological cancer patients in a similar setting outside the study population. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha, yielding coefficients of 0.89 for the SCNS-SF34 and 0.86 for the psychosocial support section, indicating good reliability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations). Psychosocial need levels were categorized as low, moderate, or high based on aggregate SCNS-SF34 scores. Chi-square tests were used to examine associations between treatment modality and psychosocial need level. Statistical significance was set at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. Given the modest sample size, inferential findings were interpreted cautiously.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Respondents (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWidowed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTertiary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e 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colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-employed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResidence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrban\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrading\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCivil service\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic service\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCancer type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCervical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOvarian\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUterine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndometrial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChoriocarcinoma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVulvar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCancer stage\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStage I (Ia\u0026ndash;Ib)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStage II (IIa\u0026ndash;IIb)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStage III\u0026ndash;IV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYear of diagnosis\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1998\u0026ndash;2019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2020\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2023\u0026ndash;2025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComorbidities\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiabetes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCoronary heart disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone/Other\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTreatment modality\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemotherapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiotherapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombined therapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e presents the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the respondents. The majority of participants were married (72.3%), indicating that most had spousal or family support systems. Educational attainment was relatively high, with most respondents having tertiary (44.7%) or postgraduate (23.4%) education, suggesting a well-educated study population. Employment status showed that 42.6% were employed and 42.6% were self-employed, while only 14.9% were unemployed, reflecting a largely economically active group. Most respondents resided in urban areas (89.4%), which may imply better access to healthcare services. Trading was the predominant occupation (66.0%), followed by civil service employment (29.8%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding clinical characteristics, cervical cancer was the most common cancer type (27.7%), followed by ovarian cancer (25.5%) and uterine cancer (23.4%), while choriocarcinoma and vulvar cancer were the least reported (2.1% each). Most respondents were diagnosed at early to mid-stages of cancer, with stage I (44.7%) and stage II (42.6%) accounting for the majority, whereas only 12.7% were diagnosed at advanced stages (stage III\u0026ndash;IV). The majority of diagnoses occurred between 2023 and 2025 (57.4%), indicating an increase in recent case detection or referral to the study facility.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNearly half of the respondents reported comorbid conditions, with hypertension being the most prevalent (36.2%), followed by diabetes (12.8%). Surgery was the most common treatment modality (51.1%), followed by combined treatment approaches (23.4%) and chemotherapy alone (21.3%), while radiotherapy alone was the least utilized treatment option (4.3%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the table highlights the diverse sociodemographic and clinical profiles of gynecological cancer survivors in the study setting, with a predominance of early-stage diagnoses and surgical treatment, and a high burden of comorbid conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive Summary of Psychosocial Needs Domains (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDomain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItems (n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLevel of Need\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical needs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological needs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate\u0026ndash;High\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth system \u0026amp; information needs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient care \u0026amp; support needs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexuality needs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026ndash;Moderate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOverall psychosocial needs\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eModerate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote\u003c/b\u003e: \u003cem\u003eScores range from 1 (no need) to 5 (high need)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e presents the descriptive analysis of psychosocial needs among gynecological cancer patients. Overall, respondents reported moderate to high levels of psychosocial needs across multiple domains, with mean scores ranging from approximately 2.83 to 3.49 on the five-point scale, indicating substantial unmet needs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong physical needs, fatigue/lack of energy (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.15) and feeling unwell (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.15) were the most prominent concerns, while pain and difficulty performing household activities were reported at moderate levels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychological needs were particularly pronounced, with anxiety (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.45), feeling down or depressed (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.38), feelings of sadness (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.21), and concerns about death and dying (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.32\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e indicating significant emotional distress among participants. Uncertainty about the future and worries about cancer progression also reflected moderate to high psychological burden.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth system and information-related needs were substantial, especially being informed about test results quickly (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.49), information about treatment benefits and side effects (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.36), and explanations of tests (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.30\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e. These findings suggest gaps in timely communication and patient education within the healthcare system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient care and support needs were also evident, including worries about their relatives (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.34), keeping a positive attitude (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.47), and the desire for reassurance and continuity of care, highlighting the importance of emotional and relational support.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexuality-related needs, including changes in sexual feelings and relationships, were reported at lower to moderate levels (means ranging from 2.83 to 2.91), indicating that although present, these concerns were less prominent compared to emotional and informational needs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the findings indicate that gynecological cancer patients experience multidimensional psychosocial needs, with emotional distress and informational gap, underscoring the need for structured psychosocial interventions and improved patient-centered communication in oncology care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailability of Psychosocial Support Services (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport Service\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLess than Desired n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs Much as Desired n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVisits with friends/relatives\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43 (91.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (8.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelp around the house\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (76.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (23.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency financial help\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (87.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (12.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople who care about me\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (80.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLove and affection\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (68.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (31.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTelephone calls from people I know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36 (76.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (23.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTalk about my disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 (68.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (31.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTalk to someone I trust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (83.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (17.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTalk about money matters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (72.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (27.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvitation to go out\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (80.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUseful life advice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (80.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelp with transportation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 (85.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (14.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHelp when sick in bed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 (80.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote\u003c/b\u003e: Mean scores range from 1 (Much Less Than Desired) to 2 (As Much as Desired). Lower scores indicate inadequate support.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e showed that most psychosocial support services were perceived as inadequate by the respondents. For example, over 90% reported insufficient visits from friends and relatives, while more than 85% lacked transportation and emergency financial suppor\u003cb\u003et\u003c/b\u003e. Emotional support, including love, affection, and opportunities to talk to someone trusted, was also reported as limited, with 68\u0026ndash;83% of participants rating these services as \u0026ldquo;much less than desired.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociation between Type of Treatment and Psychosocial Needs (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;47)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow Need n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate Need n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh Need n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemotherapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (21.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadiotherapy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (37.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (58.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (4.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (51.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCombined\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (27.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (63.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (9.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 (23.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 (38.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (57.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (4.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47 (100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eChi-square test\u003c/b\u003e: χ\u0026sup2; = 2.090, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.911 (Not Significant)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eNote\u003c/b\u003e: Psychosocial needs did not vary significantly by treatment type.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChi-square analysis revealed no significant association between type of treatment and psychosocial needs (χ\u0026sup2; = 2.090, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.911). Moderate psychosocial needs were consistently reported across all treatment modalities: 50% of chemotherapy patients, 58.3% of surgical patients, and 63.6% of those receiving combined therapy. Only a small proportion of patients reported high or low psychosocial needs, indicating that psychosocial concerns are universal among gynecological cancer patients, regardless of treatment modality.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe results suggest that women diagnosed with gynecological cancer experience a wide range of psychosocial needs spanning emotional, physical, informational, and social domains, with moderate-to-high levels of concern reported across many areas. Emotional needs, such as anxiety and the need to maintain a positive attitude, were particularly pronounced, with sadness and fears related to disease progression frequently reported. These findings align with prior research indicating that women with gynecological cancers often experience heightened emotional distress, uncertainty, and fear about prognosis, which collectively contribute to a significant psychosocial burden [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Using the biopsychosocial model, these findings illustrate the dynamic interaction between biological illness, psychological responses, and social context, highlighting that the emotional impact of cancer is deeply intertwined with the physiological and situational realities of the patient [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eModerate levels of physical concerns, such as fatigue and persistent feelings of being unwell, further underscore the dimension of biopsychosocial, showing how physical symptoms exacerbate psychological distress. These results are consistent with studies by [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], which reported that fatigue and ongoing physical discomfort intensify psychosocial challenges in female oncology patients. The convergence of physical and emotional symptoms reinforces the importance of a holistic approach that recognizes the interdependence of bodily health and psychological well-being in cancer survivorship [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformational and care-related needs were also highly salient for respondents. Needs related to reassurance from medical staff, understanding test results, awareness of treatment side effects, and being treated with dignity were reported at moderate levels, indicating the critical role of clear communication and patient-centered care. These findings provide empirical support for a study, emphasizing that access to timely, accurate, and comprehensible information enhances patients\u0026rsquo; sense of control and emotional adaptation during cancer treatment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, the desire for a pleasant hospital environment and continuity of care reflects the influence of the care setting on psychosocial stress, consistent with [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e], who highlighted the significance of healthcare environments and provider-patient interactions in promoting overall patient well-being [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. From a biopsychosocial model perspective, these results demonstrate that both social and environmental factors are central to the patient\u0026rsquo;s capacity to cope and adapt.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of psychosocial support services revealed substantial gaps in social, emotional, and practical support for women with gynecological cancer [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Many respondents reported receiving \"much less than I would like\" in areas such as visits from friends and relatives, emergency financial assistance, and transportation support. Emotional support and social interaction, including having someone to discuss personal problems or people who care about the patient\u0026rsquo;s well-being, were notably lacking. These results reinforce previous literature documenting pervasive unmet supportive care needs among oncology survivors, particularly in low-resource settings [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. The clustering of mean scores around 1.0 highlights the low availability of perceived psychosocial support and underscores the urgent need for structured interventions that strengthen family engagement, peer networks, and institutional support. Within the study\u0026rsquo;s conceptual model, these findings illustrate that social and institutional factors critically shape the patient\u0026rsquo;s psychosocial experience and quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, chi-square analyses indicated no significant differences in psychosocial needs based on treatment modalities or the presence of comorbid conditions (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Patients undergoing chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, or combinations thereof reported moderate psychosocial needs, and conditions such as hypertension or diabetes did not significantly influence need levels. These findings are consistent with other recent studies showing that psychosocial burdens are largely independent of treatment type or comorbidities, highlighting the universality of these needs among gynecological cancer patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. Taken together, the evidence underscores the importance of providing comprehensive psychosocial support to all patients, regardless of clinical variables, and emphasizes the urgent need to integrate emotional, informational, and social interventions into standard oncology care to mitigate distress and improve overall patient outcomes. .\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study had several limitations. Environmental, psychosocial, and behavioral factors may have influenced participants\u0026rsquo; responses and were beyond the researcher\u0026rsquo;s control. Additionally, the study was conducted at a single government hospital in Ogun State, limiting generalizability to other health facilities. Future research could generate more comprehensive insights by including patients\u0026rsquo; partners and expanding the study across multiple institutions. Incorporating these considerations within a biopsychosocial framework could enhance understanding of the multifaceted needs of gynecological cancer survivors and guide the development of targeted interventions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was performed in line with principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Federal Medical Center Abeokuta (Ethics approval code:\u0026nbsp;FMCA/470/HREC/01/2025/64). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declared that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The authors declared no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors Contributions.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOlubukola Olaitan Adeaga (main author)\u003c/strong\u003e: Conceptualization, study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript drafting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRafiat Ajoke Anokwuru and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eConceptualization, interpretation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOluwabusolami Esther Atekoja and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003estudy design, manuscript drafting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTaiwo Temilola Ojo and Rafiat Ajoke Anokwuru: Literature review\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTitilayo Adebukola Gbokan and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData collection\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOlajumoke Ileole Dele-Alonge and Olubukola Olaitan Adeaga:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eanalysis, interpretation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOluwatosin Oluwaseun Olu-Abiodun\u003c/strong\u003e: manuscript editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFolashade Wina\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eManuscript editing\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInformed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to publish.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Applicable. No individual participant data are presented in a form that could identify any participant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;The authors sincerely thank the gynecological cancer patients who participated in this study and the staff of the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, for their support during data collection\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A. 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Caregiver burdens of cancer patients in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) (2023). \u003cem\u003eIPS Journal of Public Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e(1), 18\u0026ndash;22.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"supportive-care-in-cancer","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jscc","sideBox":"Learn more about [Supportive Care in Cancer](https://www.springer.com/journal/520)","snPcode":"520","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/520/3","title":"Supportive Care in Cancer","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Gynecological cancer, Psychosocial needs, Support services, Oncology care, Emotional well-being","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8947449/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8947449/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynecological cancers are associated with substantial psychosocial morbidity, yet supportive care remains inadequately integrated into oncology services in many low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed psychosocial needs and perceived support gaps among gynecological cancer survivors in Southwest Nigeria and examined whether these needs varied by treatment modality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 47 women receiving follow-up care at the Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria. Psychosocial needs were measured using the Supportive Care Needs Survey Short Form (SCNS-SF34), and perceived support services were assessed using adapted items from the Duke/UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics summarized domain scores. Chi-square tests examined the association between treatment modality and psychosocial need levels (α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants reported moderate overall psychosocial needs (mean\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59), with the highest burden observed in psychological (3.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.58) and health system/information domains (3.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61). Emotional distress and informational uncertainty were prominent. Most respondents perceived psychosocial support services as inadequate, particularly financial assistance, transportation support, and emotional support. Psychosocial needs did not differ significantly by treatment modality (χ\u0026sup2; = 2.090, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.911).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGynecological cancer survivors experience substantial multidimensional psychosocial needs irrespective of treatment modality. Integrating structured psychosocial screening and supportive interventions into routine oncology care is urgently needed in resource-constrained settings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eImplications:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study examined the need for gynecological cancer survivor-centered psychosocial interventions integrated into routine oncology care to improve emotional well-being, coping strategies, and quality of life among gynecological cancer survivors.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Psychosocial Needs and Available Support Services Among Gynecological Cancer Patients in Federal Medical Centerabeokuta, Ogun State: A Cross-sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-07 20:58:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8947449/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"224943246842938763948655302572853921823","date":"2026-04-06T23:27:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-01T16:57:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-01T16:55:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-02-27T04:04:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Supportive Care in Cancer","date":"2026-02-23T12:54:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"supportive-care-in-cancer","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jscc","sideBox":"Learn more about [Supportive Care in Cancer](https://www.springer.com/journal/520)","snPcode":"520","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/520/3","title":"Supportive Care in Cancer","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"281d24f5-0fd3-4e07-8802-d602140a5b38","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 7th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T20:58:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-07 20:58:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8947449","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8947449","identity":"rs-8947449","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}