Comparative volatiles profiling in Marjoram products essential oil as extracted using classical and headspace techniques and in relation to antioxidant and antibacterial effects

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Marjoram ( Origanum majorana L.), also known as "sweet marjoram" or “sweet oregano” is a Mediterranean herbaceous perennial herb cultivated in Egypt. The main goal of this study was to assess volatiles’ variation in marjoram samples collected from two different commercial products using two different extraction techniques viz. HS-SPME and petroleum ether coupled with GC-MS analysis. A total of 20 major aroma compounds were identified in samples extracted with HS-SPME with abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The major volatiles included β-phellandrene (20.1 and 14.2%), γ-terpinene (13.4 and 11.7%), 2-bornene (12.3 and 11.5%), p-cymene (9.8% and 4.6%) terpenen-4-ol (16.4% and 7.5%), sabinene hydrate (16.02% and 8.8%) and terpineol (4.2 and 3.2%) in MR and MI, respectively. Compared with HS-SPME, 51 aroma compounds were identified in marjoram samples extracted with pet. ether, more enriched in aliphatic hydrocarbons (42.8 and 73.8%) in MR and MI, respectively. While higher identification score was observed in case of solvent extraction, SPME appeared to be more selective in recovery of oxygenated terpenes to more account for marjoram aroma. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in marjoram samples were at (111.9, 109.1 µg GA/mg) and (18.3, 19.5 µg rutin eq/mg) in MR and MI, respectively. Stronger antioxidant effects were observed in MR and MI samples with IC 50 at 45.5 and 56.8 µg/mL respectively compared to IC 50 6.57 µg/mL for trolox as assayed using DPPH assay. Moderate anti-bacterial effect was observed in MR and MI samples and expressed as zone of inhibition mostly against Bacillus subtilis (16.03 & 15.9 mm), B. cereus (12.9 & 13.7mm), Enterococcus faecalis (14.03 & 13.97 mm), and Enterobacter cloacae (11.60 & 11.56 mm) respectively. Biological sciences/Biochemistry/Metabolomics Physical sciences/Chemistry/Analytical chemistry/Mass spectrometry Origanum majorana sweet oregano HS-SPME GC-MS Total phenolic total flavonoid DPPH antibacterial Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Natural products are considered as important spirit for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical active metabolites 1 . Labiatae is one of the most significant herbal families that comprises ca. 224 genera and 5600 species of well-known aromatic plants with potential biological and health benefits 2 . The genus Origanum is one of the most important genera belonging to family Labiatae that includes 42 aromatic species and 18 hybrids widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa 3 . Marjoram ( Origanum majorana L.), also known as "sweet marjoram" or “sweet oregano” is a Mediterranean herbaceous perennial herb widely cultivated in Egypt 4 , Europe, northern America, Greece, France, and Asia 5 . Marjoram is well known for its economic importance being included in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food production 6 , and food preservation 7 . Moreover, marjoram is used as a condiment and spice for special flavoring in foods such as meat, fish, soups, sauces, and canned foods 8 . Marjoram is traditionally used to treat several ailments. Marjoram leaves are the widely used part as anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and anti-gout 9 . Leaf decoction was used in the treatment of respiratory infections and as an anti-diabetic 10 , whereas leaf infusion has been used for management of hypertension 11 . Mixed leaf and flower infusion exhibited a calming, antispasmodic effect, and relief colds, fever, and headaches 12 , whereas, blended leaf and stem are known to be effective against rheumatism, stomach pain, headache, cough, insomnia, and as antipyretic 13 , meanwhile, the whole plant has a sedative effect 14 . Marjoram leaf infusion and decoction were used as sedative and to relief nerve pain in Italian traditional medicine, 15 . Moreover, marjoram was used for the treatment of digestive disorders, bug bites, and as a disinfectant 16 . Considering its favored and rich aroma, marjoram has been previously investigated for its essential oil and phenolics composition 10 . There are various essential oils in two different commercial products using two different extracts such as linalyl acetate and santalene in HS-SPME and γ sitosterol and longipinane in pet. ether extract. In addition to essential oils, several phenolics were identified from marjoram including luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide and methyl rosmarinate which isolated from the aqueous acetone extracts of the marjoram dried herb cultivated in Poland 17 . Recently, the growth of consumer demand for herbal products with exact composition revealed warrants for the development of analytical tools to assess and assure their quality 18 . Metabolomics tools are widely used for quality assessment of herbal products owing to the large metabolite’s matrix 19 . Among metabolomics techniques, GC-MS analysis is well adopted for profiling of volatiles 20 . Several extraction techniques are widely used for essential oil recovery form herbal materials among which head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and solvent extraction are widely used 21 . To aid for comparison among different samples of origin or derived using various extraction methods in an untargeted manner,, multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to better assess such data matrix 18 . The main goal of this study was to assess volatiles’ differences from marjoram samples collected from two different commercial products in the Egyptian market (MR and MI) using two different extraction techniques viz. HS-SPME and solvent extraction. Moreover, assessment of total phenolics and flavonoids in marjoram methanol extract was performed to more account on non-volatile phenolic portion in marjoram. In vitro assays of antioxidant and antibacterial potential in marjoram samples was performed. Results and discussion Chemical composition of marjoram samples extracted using HS-SPME The volatile profiles in two commercial marjoram were analyzed using HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS analysis. A total of 20 peaks (Fig. 1 ) were identified belonging to alcohol, ester, ketone, monoterpene hydrocarbon, oxygenated monoterpene, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (Table 1 , Fig. 2 ). Table 1 Relative area percentage (%) of volatile metabolites in two commercial Marjoram leaf products analyzed via HS-SPME GC–MS (n = 3). No. Rt RI Compound name Class R (%) Sd I (%) sd 14 13.003 1041 4-Thujanol Alcohol 1.66 0.04 2.93 0.01 15 14.678 1137 Terpinen-4-ol Alcohol 7.58 0.03 16.47 0.03 Total alcohol 9.24 0.07 19.40 0.04 13 12.403 1272 Linalyl acetate Ester 0.41 0.01 1.95 0.01 16 15.01 1330 Terpinyl formate Ester 2.33 0.02 3.36 0.01 19 18.316 1327 4-Terpinenyl acetate Ester 1.43 0.01 1.25 0.02 Total ester 4.17 0.04 6.56 0.03 17 16.586 1158 Carvenone Ketone 0.00 0.00 2.86 0.14 Total ketone 0.00 0.00 2.86 0.14 1 7.442 902 α-Thujene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 6.91 0.02 6.17 0.02 2 7.618 948 α-Pinene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 3.34 0.02 1.31 0.02 3 8.684 964 β-Phellandrene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 20.10 0.05 14.26 0.03 4 9.273 943 β-Pinene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 2.96 0.02 1.59 0.02 5 9.613 873 β-Thujene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 0.92 0.02 1.19 0.02 6 10 932 2-Bornene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 12.34 0.05 11.59 0.03 7 10.085 1042 p-Cymene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 4.63 0.02 9.86 0.03 8 10.374 943 Camphene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 2.32 0.01 1.62 0.03 9 11.266 998 γ-Terpinene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 13.40 0.30 11.74 0.03 11 12.18 919 (+)-4-Carene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 2.06 0.01 1.78 0.01 18 17.139 948 (+)-3-Carene Monoterpene Hydrocarbon 0.60 0.01 1.28 0.02 Total Monoterpene hydrocarbon 69.59 0.51 62.39 0.26 10 11.356 1191 γ-Terpineol Oxygenated Monoterpene 4.24 0.02 3.28 0.02 12 12.262 1041 cis-Sabinene hydrate Oxygenated Monoterpene 11.78 0.02 5.59 0.02 Total oxygenated monoterpene 16.02 0.03 8.87 0.04 20 21.919 1211 Santalen Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 0.88 0.01 0.00 0.00 Total sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 0.88 0.01 0.00 0.00 Table 2 . Relative area percentage (%) of volatile metabolites in two commercial Marjoram leaf products pet. ether extract analyzed via head space GC–MS (n = 3). Peak No. Rt RI Compound name Class MR (%) sd MI (%) sd 1 3.137 794 3-Hexen-1-ol Alcohol 3.25 0.02 5.14 0.00 9 11.25 1191 γ-Terpineol Alcohol 2.69 0.03 0.28 0.01 12 12.937 1041 4-Thujanol Alcohol 0.89 0.02 0.00 0.00 13 14.649 1137 Terpinen-4-ol Alcohol 4.37 0.02 2.08 0.01 28 36.732 2052 Linoleyl alcohol Alcohol 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.01 50 55.632 3942 1-Heptatriacotanol Alcohol 0.00 0.00 4.12 0.04 Total alcohol 11.20 0.09 12.20 0.07 3 3.469 752 3-Methylheptane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.01 4 3.512 842 1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.01 5 3.985 816 Octane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.02 10 12.838 1185 2,4-Dimethylundecane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.02 23 31.856 2027 3-Eicosyne Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.02 31 37.276 3508 17-Pentatriacontene Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.00 39 47.34 2009 Eicosane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.87 0.02 1.65 0.01 40 48.407 3401 Tetratriacontane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 6.07 0.14 10.91 0.05 42 49.684 1448 5-Methyltetradecane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.00 0.00 0.22 0.02 43 52.4 2080 Octacosane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.58 0.02 2.33 0.03 45 52.883 3500 Pentatriacontane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 8.78 0.01 11.11 0.02 46 53.889 3600 Hexatriacontane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 9.62 0.05 10.01 0.03 49 55.417 1746 3-Methylheptadecane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 0.91 0.01 0.05 0.03 52 55.821 3997 Tetracontane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 12.83 0.02 35.02 0.09 53 58.849 4395 Tetratetracontane Aliphatic Hydrocarbon 2.85 0.02 1.36 0.03 Total Aliphatic hydrocarbon 42.79 0.31 73.77 0.38 25 32.037 1774 Neophytadiene Diterpene 0.72 0.01 0.00 0.00 35 41.067 2247 Dehydroabietinol Diterpene 1.78 0.01 2.15 0.02 Total diterpene 2.50 0.02 2.15 0.02 14 14.986 1333 alpha.-Terpinyl acetate Ester 1.44 0.03 0.76 0.01 16 16.975 1381 γ-Terpinyl acetate Ester 0.82 0.02 0.47 0.02 17 17.114 Linalyl acetate Ester 0.32 0.02 0.00 0.00 18 18.3 1327 4-Terpinenyl acetate Ester 0.26 0.01 0.17 0.02 33 39.425 2370 4-epi-Dehydroabietinol acetate Ester 0.55 0.02 0.00 0.00 34 39.525 2404 Butyl citrate Ester 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.00 36 41.45 2193 Linoleyl acetate Ester 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.02 41 48.937 2192 trans-Geranylgeraniol Ester 2.15 0.02 0.61 0.05 24 32.023 4085 1,1-Bis(dodecyloxy)hexadecane Ether 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.02 Total ester 5.74 0.12 2.72 0.13 20 25.634 2609 10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid, methyl ester Fatty acid/ester 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.02 27 33.528 1878 Palmitic acid, methyl ester Fatty acid/ester 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.02 29 36.815 2101 Methyl linolenate Fatty acid/ester 0.34 0.01 1.27 0.02 30 36.91 1886 7-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester Fatty acid/ester 0.00 0.00 0.38 0.01 32 38.585 2177 Palmitic acid, butyl ester Fatty acid/ester 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.02 37 41.527 2300 n-Propyl linolenate Fatty acid/ester 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.02 48 55.371 2980 Eicosyl nonyl ether Fatty acid/ester 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.03 Total fatty acid/ester 0.34 0.01 5.95 0.14 15 16.553 1158 Carvenone Ketone 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.02 Total ketone 0.00 0.00 0.54 0.02 6 8.485 964 β-Phellandrene Monoterpene hydrocarbon 0.38 0.01 0.00 0.00 7 9.931 1042 p-Cymene Monoterpene hydrocarbon 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.03 8 11.145 998 γ-Terpinene Monoterpene hydrocarbon 0.36 0.03 0.22 0.01 Total monoterpene hydrocarbon 0.74 0.04 0.67 0.04 21 25.655 1569 Isospathulenol Oxygenated Sesquiterpene 1.33 0.02 0.00 0.00 22 25.783 1507 Caryophyllene oxide Oxygenated Sesquiterpene 0.56 0.02 0.00 0.00 47 54.731 1484 Cubebol Oxygenated Sesquiterpene 0.34 0.02 0.00 0.00 Total oxygenated sesquiterpene 2.23 0.06 0.00 0.00 19 21.916 1494 Caryophyllene Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 1.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 26 32.539 1393 Longipinane Sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 0.28 0.01 0.00 0.00 Total sesquiterpene hydrocarbon 1.31 0.03 0.00 0.00 51 55.701 2731 γ-Sitosterol Sterols 4.55 0.00 24.63 0.25 Total sterols 4.55 0.00 24.63 0.25 Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented by 11 peaks were detected as the most abundant in marjoram leaf from the two commercial sources at level of 69.5 and 62.4% in MR and MI samples. β-Phellandrene (peak 3) was identified as the major form in both samples at levels 20.1 and 14.2%, respectively. In contrast, p-cymene (peak 7) was detected at higher level in marjoram sample (MI) at 9.8% versus 4.6% in marjoram sample (MR). Comparable levels were detected in case of (peak 9) and 2-bornene (peak 6) in both samples MR and MI 12–13% and 11–12% and suggestive of no pattern in monoterpene profile for each sample %Unlike monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes were detected at trace level only in MR samples, and absent in MI samples. Previous investigation of marjoram samples revealed detection of α-thujene, α-terpineol, borneol, carvacrol, β-caryophyllene, eucalyptol, linalool, myrcene, p-cymene, phellandrene, sabinene, terpinene, and terpinolene 10 . Alcohol, ketone, ester, and oxygenated monoterpene Alcohols represented by two peaks were detected at higher levels in MI samples at 19.4% compared to 9.2% in MR samples. Terpenen-4-ol (peak 15) was detected as the major alcohol in both marjoram samples with two-folds higher level in MI (16.4%) compared to MR sample (7.5%). Ketones represented by carvenone (peak 17) was detected only in MI samples at 2.8%. Likewise, ester represented by 3 peaks was detected in MI samples at 6.5% compared to 4.2% in MR sample. Terpinyl formate (peak 16) was the abundant ester compound in both marjoram samples. In Contrast, oxygenated monoterpenes were detected at higher level in MR samples at 16.02% compared to 8.8% in MI samples. Sabinene hydrate (peak 12), previously detected at high levels in O. majorana 4 . was found abundant in MR at 11.8% compared to 5.6% in MI sample The oil composition of marjoram cultivated in India was reported by 22 revealing the presence of terpinen-4-ol, sabinene hydrate, p-cymene, sabinene, and α-terpineol as the most abundant volatiles. γ-Terpineol (peak 10) was detected in both marjoram samples at 3–4%. The essential oil composition of three marjoram accessions cultivated in Egypt was previously investigated using hydro-distillation technique 4 , with major volatiles to include sabinene hydrate (15.4–34.3%), α-terpinen (8.9–18%), 4-terpineol (15.2–35%), terpinolene (10.3–11.8%), and sabinene (7.4–8.4%) 4 . The oil composition of marjoram cultivated in India was studied by 22 revealing the detection of terpinen-4-ol, sabinene hydrate, p-cymene, sabinene, and α-terpineol as the most abundant volatiles. Marjoram leaf collected from Egypt extracted by hydro-distillation and supercritical CO 2 using GC-MS analysis revealed the abundance of terpinen-4-ol and sabinene 23 . Terpinen-4-ol was detected as the most abundant volatile detected in marjoram essential oil 24 . The abundance of cis-sabinene is a chief determinant of high quality of essential oils in O. majorana (sweet oregano) 4 . In another study, analysis of essential oil composition in sweat marjoram revealed the detection of terpinene-4-ol (20.9%), linalool (15.7%), linalyl-acetate (13.9%), limonene (13.4%), and α-terpineol (8.57%) 25 . Previous reports indicated that carvacrol was abundant in Turkish marjoram, whereas the Iranian variety was rich in linalyl acetate. Marjoram varieties grown in Reunion Island, Greece, and Egypt are rich in terpinen-4-ol and sabinenes 16 . In another study, marjoram essential oil was reported to be rich in carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, trans-caryophyllene, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene 26 . Study done by 27 on the essential oil composition of Iranian variety revealed the detection of linalool, thymol, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, sabinene, β-myrcene, β-caryophyllene, and γ-terpinene. Chemical composition of pet. ether extract of marjoram samples Analysis of volatile profile of marjoram samples from two commercial sources extracted with pet. ether using GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 51 metabolites (Fig. 1 , Table 2 ). The identified volatiles belonged to aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, fatty acid/esters, ketones, and sterols (Fig. 2 ). Aliphatic hydrocarbons Aliphatic hydrocarbons represented by 15 peaks were detected as the major metabolite class detected in marjoram samples extracted with pet. ether to account for ca . 73.8 and 42.8% in MI and MR samples, respectively. Tetracontane (peak 52) was the major aliphatic hydrocarbon detected in marjoram samples at higher level in MI sample at 35.02% compared to 12.8% in MR samples. Moreover, other contane-derivatives including tetratriacontane (peak 40), pentatriacontane (peak 45), and hexatriacontane (peak 46) were detected at level range 6.1–9.6% in MR compared to higher level range at 10.01–11.1% in MI samples. Alcohol, ketone, and esters Alcohols were detected at comparable levels 11–12% in marjoram samples MR and MI. Compared to SPME extraction, several alcohols were detected with this solvent extraction including 3 -Hexen-1-ol, 1-heptatriacontanol, linoleyl alcohol, terpene-4-ol, 4-thujanol, and γ terpineol. 3-Hexen-1-ol (peak 1) was detected at a high level 5.1% in MI samples compared to 3.3% in MR sample, whereas terpene-4-ol (peak 13) was detected in MR at a higher level (4.4%) than MI samples (2.1%). Fatty alcohols including 1-heptatriacontanol (peak 50) and linoleyl alcohol (peak 28) were detected only in MI samples extracted with pet. ether. Similar to SPME results, carvenone was detected as major ketone in marjoram samples MI. Esters represented by 9 peaks were detected at 5.7% in MR compared to 2.7% in MI. Geranylgeraniol (peak 41) and terpinyl acetate (peak 14) were the abundant esters. Monoterpene, diterpenes, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons Monoterpene hydrocarbons represented by β-phellandrene, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were detected at trace levels in both marjoram samples extracted with pet. Ether. Likewise, diterpenes including neophytadiene and dehydroabietinol were detected at 2.1–2.5% in marjoram samples. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were detected only in MR samples (1.3%) and in accordance with SPME extraction method. Caryophyllene (peak 19) and longipinane (peak 26) represented the sesquiterpenes detected in MR extracted with pet. Ether, while santalene was the one which detected with SPME extraction. Fatty acids/esters and sterols Fatty acids were detected at high levels in marjoram samples MI 5.6% compared to traces in MR samples indicating the effect of solvent in the extraction of nonpolar compounds in marjoram. Sterols were detected at higher levels in MI samples at 24.6% represented by γ-Sitosterol compared to much lower level of 4.5% in MR samples. PCA analysis of marjoram volatile metabolites analyzed with GC-MS Multivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) was further used for better assessment of volatiles distribution among marjoram samples from two commercial sources (Fig. 3 ). A PCA model (Fig. 3 A) of marjoram volatiles extracted by HS-SPME showed discrimination of MR clusters at the left side of PC1 versus MI samples clustering towards the right side of PC1. The corresponding loading plot (Fig. 3 B ) revealed that γ-terpinene, β-phellandrene, and 2-bornene were enriched in MR samples, versus enrichment of oxygenated terpenes i.e, terpinen-4-ol, carvenone, and linalyl acetate in MI samples, in addition to β-thujene and cymene and accounting for its segregation. The abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbon and oxygenated compound in samples extracted using HS-SPME revealed the efficiency of extraction technique for evaluation of the quality of sweet oregano as it in agreement with the hydro-distillation method 4 . Another PCA model (Fig. 3 C) of marjoram volatiles extracted by pet. Ether showed discrimination of MR clusters at the left side of PC1 while MI samples were clustered towards the right side of PC1. The corresponding loading plot Fig. 3 D revealed that γ-terpinene, 4-terpinenyl acetate, and γ-terpineol were enriched in MR samples. Aliphatic hydrocarbons including tetracontane, hexatriacontane, tetratriacontane along with 1-heptatriacotanol and γ-sitosterol were more enriched in MI samples and accounting for their segregation toward the right side. However, identification of large number of metabolites in marjoram extracted with pet. Ether method, large number of non-polar compounds was extracted which may interfere with the quality assessment of marjoram samples. Hence, HS-SPME is the most suitable for assessment of the quality of marjoram samples. Total phenolics and flavonoids in marjoram from two commercial sources The total phenolic assay of the two marjoram samples revealed comparable levels of 109–112 µg GA/mg in MR samples (Table 3 ). Likewise, total flavonoid content was detected at 18.3 µg rutin eq/mg in MR samples compared to 19.5 µg rutin eq/mg in MI samples. Compared to a previous report on Spanish marjoram total phenolics revealed that marjoram contained 163 mg GAE/L 28 . Profiling of Egyptian marjoram showed the presence of apigenin, methyl rosmarenate, rosmarenic acid, luteolin-7-O-rutinose, as a major compound, meanwhile p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were detected using HPLC analysis 29 . Additionally Tunisian marjoram aerial parts revealed the presence of phenolic acids viz. (E)-2-hydroxycinnamic, rosmarinic, vanillic, chlorogenic, gallic, and cinnamic, whereas flavonoids including amentoflavone, apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, coumarin, and rutin 30 . Table 3 Results of total phenolic contents, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity of two commercial Marjoram products (R and I) methanolic extract. Sample Total phenolic content (µg GA/mg sample) Total flavonoid content (µg rutin eq/mg sample) DPPH IC 50 (µg/mL) MR 111.88 ± 3.11 18.32 ± 0.98 45.53 ± 0.66 MI 109.11 ± 8.99 19.54 ± 1.49 56.78 ± 0.86 Trolox (µg/mL) 6.57 ± 0.45 DPPH radical scavenging capacity of marjoram methanolic extracts MR samples showed radical scavenging capacity with IC 50 value of 45.5 µg/mL compared to 56.8 µg/mL for MI samples indicating slightly stronger antioxidant effect of MR (Table 3 , Fig. 4 ), likely attributed for its richness in phenolics and terpenes 28 . Next to phenolics, predominant monoterpene hydrocarbons viz. β-phellandrene, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene detected in marjoram essential oil may also contribute to antioxidant activity 28 . In agreement with other previous studies, Tunisian O. majorana revealed high antioxidant activity 31 . Moreover, Iranian O. majorana revealed similar composition of cis-sabinene hydrate and terpeniol, with potential antioxidant capacity 32 . Anti-bacterial activities of petroleum ether extract of marjoram samples from two commercial sources Essential oil containing herbal extracts are well recognized for their potential antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the results compared to gentamycin as standard antibacterial drug 33 . Consequently, antibacterial activity of marjoram samples was tested against five Gram-positive bacterial strains and three Gram-negative strains (Table 4 ). Both marjoram samples revealed moderate antibacterial activities as concluded from the zone of inhibition compared to standard antibacterial agent. MR and MI extracts showed activity against Bacillus subtilis with inhibition zone of 16.03 and 15.9 mm, respectively. Against Bacillus cereus , MR extract showed inhibition zone of 12.9 mm compared to 13.7 mm for MI extract. Moreover, both extracts showed inhibition effect against Enterococcus faecalis with comparable inhibition zone of 14.03 mm. Both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutants were found resistant against both marjoram extracts. Regarding Gram-negative bacteria, both marjoram extracts showed inhibition only against Enterobacter cloacae with inhibition zone of 11.6 mm. The antibacterial activity of marjoram oil was previously investigated against S. aureus , E. faecalis , E. coli , and K. pneumoniae 34 . Results revealed that among volatiles in O. majorana essential oil, cis-sabinene hydrate contributed towards inhibition of bacterial growth 34 . In another study, Pakistani sweet marjoram exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus , B. cereus , B. subtilis , P. aeruginosa , and E. coli 25 . Table 4 Comparative antibacterial activity of two marjoram commercial products (MR and MI) pet. ether extract expressed as zone of inhibition (mm). Evaluated microorganism/sample MR (Av ± sd) MI (Av ± sd) Gentamycin Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus N/A N/A 24.01 ± 0.01 Bacillus subtilis 16.03 ± 0.35 15.91 ± 0.40 26.02 ± 0.03 Streptococcus mutants N/A N/A 20.01 ± 0.02 Bacillus cereus 12.97 ± 0.25 13.71 ± 0.40 24.97 ± 0.06 Enterococcus faecalis 14.03 ± 0.45 13.97 ± 0.35 26.09 ± 0.01 Gram-negative bacteria Enterobacter cloacae 11.60 ± 0.53 11.56 ± 0.50 27.03 ± 0.06 Escherichia coli N/A N/A 29.90 ± 0.01 Salmonella typhimurium N/A N/A 17.02 ± 0.03 N/A; no activity. The test was done using agar technique, well diameter: 6.0 mm (100 µl was tested), samples was tested at 100 mg/ml and positive control gentamycin 4 µg/ml Material & Methods Sample collection Two marjoram commercial products labeled as sweet marjoram ( Origanum majorana L.) were provided from wo different companies Royal (MR (and Isis (MI) was collected from a local market in Cairo, Egypt. Sample Preparation HS-SPME Fibers used in SPME volatile extraction are stable flex coated with divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS, 50/30 µm) or PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) were purchased from Supelco (Oakville, ON, Canada). Volatile standards were provided from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Marjoram leaf sample (100 mg) were placed in an SPME screw-cap vial (1.5 mL) spiked with 10 µg ( Z )-3-hexenyl acetate with fibers inserted manually above and placed in an oven kept at 50 ºC for 30 min. HS-SPME analysis of the volatile compounds was performed as reported in 35 with slight modifications. The fiber was subsequently withdrawn into the needle and then injected manually into the injection port of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS). Solvent extraction using pet. ether The powdered marjoram leaf sample (20 g each) was extracted with pet. ether (150 mL x 3) with cold sonication at 35 ºC (using Biomall sonicator, India) for volatile extraction. Pet. ether was selected considering its non-polar nature more suited to recover volatile terpenes with less interference from other less volatiles phytochemicals 33 . The pet. ether extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure using Rotary evaporator (Hahin-shin, Japan) at 40 ºC till complete evaporation of pet. ether to yield concentrated extract used for GC-MS analysis. GC-MS analysis of marjoram aroma profile GC/MS analysis was performed using Shimadzu GCMS-QP2020 (Tokyo, Japan). The GC was equipped with Rtx-1MS fused bonded column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 µm film thickness) (Restek, USA) and a split–splitless injector. The initial column temperature was kept at 45°C for 2 min (isothermal) and programmed to 300°C at a rate of 5°C/min and kept constant at300°C for 5 min (isothermal). The injector temperature was 250°C. Helium carrier gas flow rate was 1.41 ml/min. All the mass spectra were recorded applying the following condition: (equipment current) filament emission current, 60 mA; ionization voltage, 70 eV; ion source, 200°C. Diluted samples (1% v/v) were injected with split mode (split ratio 1: 15). Identification of essential oil chemical composition Identification was based on calculation of retention indices of each component, mass spectra matching with NIST-11 and Wiley library database as well as published data in literature 25 , 36 . Retention indices (RI) were calculated relative to a homologous series of n-alkanes (C8-C28) injected under the same conditions. Total phenolics assay The total phenolic content was determined using Folin–Ciocalteu method as described by 37 . Samples were prepared at the concentration of 4 mg/mL in methanol. Briefly, the procedure consisted of mixing 10 µL of sample/standard with 100 µL of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Diluted 1: 10) in a 96-well microplate. Then, 80 µL of 1M Na 2 CO 3 was added and incubated at room temperature (25°C) for 20 min in the dark. At the end of incubation time the resulting blue complex color was measured at 630 nm. Data are represented as means ± SD. Gallic acid standard curve was used for calculation of total phenolic content. The results were recorded using microplate reader FluoStar Omega. Total flavonoids assay The total flavonoids content was determined using the aluminum chloride method as described by 38 , with minor modifications. Samples were prepared at 4 mg/mL in methanol. Briefly, 15 µL of sample/standard was placed in a 96-well microplate, then, 175 µL of methanol was added followed by 30 µL of 1.25% AlCl 3 . Finally, 30 µL of 0.125 M C 2 H 3 NaO 2 was added and incubated for 5 min. At the end of incubation time the resulting yellow color was measured at 420 nm. Data are represented as means ± SD. Rutin standard curve was used for calculation of total flavonoid content. The results were recorded using microplate reader FluoStar Omega. DPPH free radical assay DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical assay was carried out according to the method of 39 . Briefly, 100µL of freshly prepared DPPH reagent (0.1% in methanol) were added to 100 µL of the sample in 96 wells plate (n = 6), the reaction was incubated at room temp for 30 min in dark. At the end of incubation time the resulting reduction in DPPH color intensity was measured at 540 nm. Data are represented as means ± SD according to the following equation: percentage inhibition= ((Average absorbance of blank-average absorbance of the test)/(Average absorbance of blank))*100. Trolox standard curve was used as positive control for antioxidant assay. The results were recorded using microplate reader FluoStar Omega. Samples MI, and MR were prepared at final the concentration of 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 µg/ml in Methanol. Trolox stock solution of 20 µg/mL was prepared in 100% methanol from which 5 concentrations were prepared including 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 µg/mL. In vitro antibacterial assay The antibacterial activity of tested samples was investigated in vitro against eight bacterial strains and results were investigated in term of zone of inhibition. The culture medium is Mueller-Hinton agar recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The standard antimicrobial agent was gentamicin; as an antibacterial agent obtained from the Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. The microorganisms were obtained from the Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis RCMB 015 (1) NRRL B-543, Bacillus cereus RCMB 027 (1), Streptococcus mutants RCMB 017 (1) ATCC 25175, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Gram-negative bacteria Enterobacter cloacae RCMB 001(1) ATCC 23355, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Salmonella typhimurium RCMB 006 (1) ATCC 14028. Statistical analysis The results were displayed as mean ± standard deviation of the mean (SD). Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel® and the IC 50 value was calculated using Graph pad Prism 6® by converting the concentrations to their logarithmic value and selecting non-linear inhibitor regression equation (log (inhibitor) vs. normalized response – variable slope equation). Conclusion Assessment of volatile metabolite variations in marjoram samples collected from two different commercial products (MR and MI) using two different extraction techniques viz. HS-SPME and petroleum ether coupled with GC-MS analysis was studied herein. A total of 20 aroma compounds and 51 volatile metabolites were identified in samples extracted with HS-SPME and pet. Ether, respectively. HS-SPME revealed the abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The major identified aroma compounds were β-Phellandrene (20.1 and 14.2%), γ-terpinene (13.4 and 11.7%), 2-bornene (12.3 and 11.5%), p-cymene (9.8% and 4.6%) terpenen-4-ol (16.4% and 7.5%), Sabinene hydrate (16.02% and 8.8%) and terpineol (4.2 and 3.2%) in MR and MI, respectively. Extraction with pet. Ether revealed the abundance of aliphatic hydrocarbons (42.8 and 73.8%) in MR and MI, respectively. PCA analysis revealed variation in volatiles between both samples with a distinct quality in MR samples with higher cis-sabinene hydrate. The abundance of monoterpenes and oxygenated compounds in HS-SPME analyzed samples revealed the efficiency of the extraction in evaluation of marjoram essential oil composition, while pet. Ether increased the recovery of non-polar compounds. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in marjoram samples were (111.9, 109.1 µg GA/mg) and (18.3, 19.5 µg rutin eq/mg) in MR and MI, respectively. MR samples showed DPPH inhibition with IC 50 at 45.5 µg/mL compared to 56.8 µg/mL for MI samples which indicate the antioxidant effect. The antibacterial activity of marjoram samples was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and revealed moderate antibacterial activities. Hence, HS-SPME is recommended for quality assessment of marjoram essential oil. Further LC-MS based analysis is recommended for profiling of the phenolics and flavonoids in marjoram. Declarations Author Contributions M. B. A.: Methodology, Data Curation. E. M. S.: Writing Original draft. O. E.: Methodology, Data Curation. M.A. F. Writing-Review editing. M. H. B.: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing Original draft, Writing-Review editing. Conflict of interest. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 01 Oct, 2024 Reviews received at journal 28 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 18 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Sep, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Sep, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 02 Sep, 2024 Editor invited by journal 02 Sep, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 29 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4824314","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":359994583,"identity":"5842c7b4-fbb9-4188-87a8-51652aaaa31c","order_by":0,"name":"Mostafa Baky","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA1CavYGx8cEHHhsGBgnitBgw8BxgbjacIZNGkhb2Nmkem8OEtfDdPsC64cOfP/I87AfbJGfknE/sn9188AFDjU00Li2S5xLYbs5sMzDs4Ulstvhw5nbijDvHkg0YjqXlNuDQYnCGge02b4MB436GxMabM3tuJzbcyDGTYGw4jF8Lzx8D+x7+hw3SvP/OJc4nTgubQWKPRGKTNA/PgcQNhLRIArUA/WKc3CPxEBjIPMnGG2+kJRsk4PELH1DLjQ9/5Gx7+NMfAqPSTnbejeSDDz7U2ODUwsDA/wGF6whWmYBTORZgT4riUTAKRsEoGBkAAATXY8cmHXQyAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Egyptian Russian University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mostafa","middleName":"","lastName":"Baky","suffix":""},{"id":359994584,"identity":"ca228f90-1782-46be-af1c-6d262390d526","order_by":1,"name":"Mostafa Abouelela","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Egyptian Russian University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mostafa","middleName":"","lastName":"Abouelela","suffix":""},{"id":359994586,"identity":"a1542dc8-41d2-412b-b27d-6cb987727862","order_by":2,"name":"Enas Shawky","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Egyptian Russian University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Enas","middleName":"","lastName":"Shawky","suffix":""},{"id":359994588,"identity":"24cd081c-f05a-428e-a5bd-7b0f857ed1d7","order_by":3,"name":"Mohamed Farag","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Cairo University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"Farag","suffix":""},{"id":359994589,"identity":"0d0c6e55-1972-4cb0-8337-c162908f6dba","order_by":4,"name":"Omayma Elgendy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Egyptian Russian University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Omayma","middleName":"","lastName":"Elgendy","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-29 20:36:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4824314/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4824314/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78674-y","type":"published","date":"2024-11-13T15:57:26+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66939246,"identity":"5e82f007-3210-4dee-b0da-4b2f14decdef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 08:39:12","extension":"jpeg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":624721,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRepresentative GC chromatogram of volatiles identified in marjoram commercial products (MR and MI) analyzed after extraction with HS-SPME and pet. Ether\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4824314/v1/0f6ccb182812857939011884.jpeg"},{"id":66939244,"identity":"3118b8f3-0c22-4d39-9de4-66de92d1ff05","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 08:39:12","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":288662,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003edifferent volatile classes detected in marjoram samples (MR and MI) A) Marjoram samples analyzed by HS-SPME GC-MS. B) marjoram pet. Ether extract analyzed by GC-MS.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4824314/v1/7f9f4e6738b48cf7e947a02f.jpeg"},{"id":66939245,"identity":"7ddf11d9-3877-45ec-8991-7fa6260efe6f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 08:39:12","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":122411,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnsupervised multivariate data analyses of two marjoram samples volatile compounds detected using GC-MS (n = 3). (A) PCA score plot of PC1 vs. PC2 scores of samples analyzed by HS-SPME GC-MS. (B) The respective loading plot for PC1 and PC2, provide peak assignments. C) PCA score plot of PC1 vs. PC2 scores of samples analyzed by pet. Ether extraction coupled with GC-MS. (D) The respective loading plot for PC1 and PC2, provide peak assignments. The metabolite clusters are placed in two-dimensional space at the distinct locations defined by two vectors of principal component.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4824314/v1/294c90f985d3d44dacb56e4e.png"},{"id":66939243,"identity":"cf224aa2-e16d-444b-b455-7449503893db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-18 08:39:12","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20375,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTotal phenolic and flavonoid content and % inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging capacity of methanol extract of marjoram samples from two commercial sources (MR and MI)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4824314/v1/0e387690808c8e961a67f4ac.png"},{"id":69275010,"identity":"f226d55f-accd-4ab9-ba86-152cd19430ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-18 16:44:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2513252,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4824314/v1/cc7fa088-e34c-42ad-aeca-726f3459d104.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Comparative volatiles profiling in Marjoram products essential oil as extracted using classical and headspace techniques and in relation to antioxidant and antibacterial effects","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eNatural products are considered as important spirit for the discovery of novel pharmaceutical active metabolites \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Labiatae is one of the most significant herbal families that comprises ca. 224 genera and 5600 species of well-known aromatic plants with potential biological and health benefits \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The genus \u003cem\u003eOriganum\u003c/em\u003e is one of the most important genera belonging to family Labiatae that includes 42 aromatic species and 18 hybrids widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Marjoram (\u003cem\u003eOriganum majorana\u003c/em\u003e L.), also known as \"sweet marjoram\" or \u0026ldquo;sweet oregano\u0026rdquo; is a Mediterranean herbaceous perennial herb widely cultivated in Egypt \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, Europe, northern America, Greece, France, and Asia \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Marjoram is well known for its economic importance being included in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food production \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and food preservation \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Moreover, marjoram is used as a condiment and spice for special flavoring in foods such as meat, fish, soups, sauces, and canned foods \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarjoram is traditionally used to treat several ailments. Marjoram leaves are the widely used part as anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and anti-gout \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Leaf decoction was used in the treatment of respiratory infections and as an anti-diabetic \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, whereas leaf infusion has been used for management of hypertension \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Mixed leaf and flower infusion exhibited a calming, antispasmodic effect, and relief colds, fever, and headaches \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, whereas, blended leaf and stem are known to be effective against rheumatism, stomach pain, headache, cough, insomnia, and as antipyretic \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, meanwhile, the whole plant has a sedative effect \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Marjoram leaf infusion and decoction were used as sedative and to relief nerve pain in Italian traditional medicine, \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Moreover, marjoram was used for the treatment of digestive disorders, bug bites, and as a disinfectant \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsidering its favored and rich aroma, marjoram has been previously investigated for its essential oil and phenolics composition \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. There are various essential oils in two different commercial products using two different extracts such as linalyl acetate and santalene in HS-SPME and γ sitosterol and longipinane in pet. ether extract. In addition to essential oils, several phenolics were identified from marjoram including luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide and methyl rosmarinate which isolated from the aqueous acetone extracts of the marjoram dried herb cultivated in Poland \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecently, the growth of consumer demand for herbal products with exact composition revealed warrants for the development of analytical tools to assess and assure their quality \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Metabolomics tools are widely used for quality assessment of herbal products owing to the large metabolite\u0026rsquo;s matrix \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Among metabolomics techniques, GC-MS analysis is well adopted for profiling of volatiles \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Several extraction techniques are widely used for essential oil recovery form herbal materials among which head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and solvent extraction are widely used \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. To aid for comparison among different samples of origin or derived using various extraction methods in an untargeted manner,, multivariate data analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used to better assess such data matrix \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe main goal of this study was to assess volatiles\u0026rsquo; differences from marjoram samples collected from two different commercial products in the Egyptian market (MR and MI) using two different extraction techniques viz. HS-SPME and solvent extraction. Moreover, assessment of total phenolics and flavonoids in marjoram methanol extract was performed to more account on non-volatile phenolic portion in marjoram. \u003cem\u003eIn vitro\u003c/em\u003e assays of antioxidant and antibacterial potential in marjoram samples was performed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eChemical composition of marjoram samples extracted using HS-SPME\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe volatile profiles in two commercial marjoram were analyzed using HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS analysis. A total of 20 peaks (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) were identified belonging to alcohol, ester, ketone, monoterpene hydrocarbon, oxygenated monoterpene, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelative area percentage (%) of volatile metabolites in two commercial Marjoram leaf products analyzed via HS-SPME GC\u0026ndash;MS (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"19\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRt\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompound name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClass\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esd\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Thujanol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.678\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerpinen-4-ol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal alcohol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9.24\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.07\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19.40\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.403\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1272\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinalyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1330\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerpinyl formate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.316\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1327\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Terpinenyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal ester\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.17\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6.56\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.586\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarvenone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKetone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal ketone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.86\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.14\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.442\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e902\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eα-Thujene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.618\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e948\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eα-Pinene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.684\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e964\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eβ-Phellandrene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e943\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eβ-Pinene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.613\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e873\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eβ-Thujene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e932\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2-Bornene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.085\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-Cymene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.374\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e943\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCamphene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.266\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e998\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eγ-Terpinene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e919\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(+)-4-Carene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e948\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(+)-3-Carene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal Monoterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e69.59\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.51\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e62.39\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.26\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.356\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1191\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eγ-Terpineol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygenated Monoterpene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.262\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecis-Sabinene hydrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygenated Monoterpene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal oxygenated monoterpene\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16.02\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8.87\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.919\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1211\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSantalen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSesquiterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal sesquiterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.88\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"16\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/b\u003e. Relative area percentage (%) of volatile metabolites in two commercial Marjoram leaf products pet. ether extract analyzed via head space GC\u0026ndash;MS (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeak No.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRt\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRI\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCompound name\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClass\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMR (%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003esd\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMI (%)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003esd\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e794\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-Hexen-1-ol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1191\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eγ-Terpineol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.937\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Thujanol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.649\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTerpinen-4-ol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2052\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinoleyl alcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.632\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3942\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1-Heptatriacotanol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal alcohol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.20\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.09\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12.20\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.07\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.469\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e752\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-Methylheptane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.512\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e842\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.985\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e816\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOctane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.838\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1185\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,4-Dimethylundecane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.856\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-Eicosyne\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3508\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17-Pentatriacontene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEicosane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.407\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3401\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTetratriacontane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.684\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1448\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5-Methyltetradecane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2080\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOctacosane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.883\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePentatriacontane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.889\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHexatriacontane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.417\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1746\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3-Methylheptadecane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.821\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3997\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTetracontane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4395\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTetratetracontane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic Hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal Aliphatic hydrocarbon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e42.79\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.31\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e73.77\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.38\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1774\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeophytadiene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiterpene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.067\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2247\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDehydroabietinol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDiterpene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal diterpene\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.50\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.02\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.15\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.02\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.986\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ealpha.-Terpinyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.975\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1381\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eγ-Terpinyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinalyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1327\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-Terpinenyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2370\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4-epi-Dehydroabietinol acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.525\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2404\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eButyl citrate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinoleyl acetate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.937\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etrans-Geranylgeraniol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEster\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4085\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,1-Bis(dodecyloxy)hexadecane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal ester\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.74\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.12\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.72\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.13\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.634\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2609\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10,12-Tricosadiynoic acid, methyl ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid/ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.528\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalmitic acid, methyl ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid/ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.815\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethyl linolenate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid/ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1886\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid/ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.585\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePalmitic acid, butyl ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid/ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.527\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en-Propyl linolenate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid/ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.371\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2980\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEicosyl nonyl ether\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acid/ester\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal fatty acid/ester\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.34\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5.95\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.14\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.553\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCarvenone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKetone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal ketone\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.54\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.02\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.485\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e964\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eβ-Phellandrene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.931\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep-Cymene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e998\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eγ-Terpinene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal monoterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.74\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.67\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.655\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1569\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIsospathulenol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygenated Sesquiterpene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.783\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1507\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaryophyllene oxide\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygenated Sesquiterpene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.731\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1484\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCubebol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOxygenated Sesquiterpene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal oxygenated sesquiterpene\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2.23\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.06\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.916\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1494\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaryophyllene\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSesquiterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.539\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1393\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLongipinane\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSesquiterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal sesquiterpene hydrocarbon\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1.31\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.701\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2731\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eγ-Sitosterol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSterols\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTotal sterols\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4.55\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.00\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24.63\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.25\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMonoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene hydrocarbons represented by 11 peaks were detected as the most abundant in marjoram leaf from the two commercial sources at level of 69.5 and 62.4% in MR and MI samples. β-Phellandrene (peak 3) was identified as the major form in both samples at levels 20.1 and 14.2%, respectively. In contrast, p-cymene (peak 7) was detected at higher level in marjoram sample (MI) at 9.8% versus 4.6% in marjoram sample (MR). Comparable levels were detected in case of (peak 9) and 2-bornene (peak 6) in both samples MR and MI 12\u0026ndash;13% and 11\u0026ndash;12% and suggestive of no pattern in monoterpene profile for each sample %Unlike monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes were detected at trace level only in MR samples, and absent in MI samples.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious investigation of marjoram samples revealed detection of α-thujene, α-terpineol, borneol, carvacrol, β-caryophyllene, eucalyptol, linalool, myrcene, p-cymene, phellandrene, sabinene, terpinene, and terpinolene \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAlcohol, ketone, ester, and oxygenated monoterpene\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohols represented by two peaks were detected at higher levels in MI samples at 19.4% compared to 9.2% in MR samples. Terpenen-4-ol (peak 15) was detected as the major alcohol in both marjoram samples with two-folds higher level in MI (16.4%) compared to MR sample (7.5%). Ketones represented by carvenone (peak 17) was detected only in MI samples at 2.8%. Likewise, ester represented by 3 peaks was detected in MI samples at 6.5% compared to 4.2% in MR sample. Terpinyl formate (peak 16) was the abundant ester compound in both marjoram samples. In Contrast, oxygenated monoterpenes were detected at higher level in MR samples at 16.02% compared to 8.8% in MI samples. Sabinene hydrate (peak 12), previously detected at high levels in \u003cem\u003eO. majorana\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. was found abundant in MR at 11.8% compared to 5.6% in MI sample The oil composition of marjoram cultivated in India was reported by \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e revealing the presence of terpinen-4-ol, sabinene hydrate, p-cymene, sabinene, and α-terpineol as the most abundant volatiles. γ-Terpineol (peak 10) was detected in both marjoram samples at 3\u0026ndash;4%. The essential oil composition of three marjoram accessions cultivated in Egypt was previously investigated using hydro-distillation technique \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, with major volatiles to include sabinene hydrate (15.4\u0026ndash;34.3%), α-terpinen (8.9\u0026ndash;18%), 4-terpineol (15.2\u0026ndash;35%), terpinolene (10.3\u0026ndash;11.8%), and sabinene (7.4\u0026ndash;8.4%) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe oil composition of marjoram cultivated in India was studied by \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e revealing the detection of terpinen-4-ol, sabinene hydrate, p-cymene, sabinene, and α-terpineol as the most abundant volatiles. Marjoram leaf collected from Egypt extracted by hydro-distillation and supercritical CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e using GC-MS analysis revealed the abundance of terpinen-4-ol and sabinene \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Terpinen-4-ol was detected as the most abundant volatile detected in marjoram essential oil \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The abundance of cis-sabinene is a chief determinant of high quality of essential oils in \u003cem\u003eO. majorana\u003c/em\u003e (sweet oregano) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In another study, analysis of essential oil composition in sweat marjoram revealed the detection of terpinene-4-ol (20.9%), linalool (15.7%), linalyl-acetate (13.9%), limonene (13.4%), and α-terpineol (8.57%) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Previous reports indicated that carvacrol was abundant in Turkish marjoram, whereas the Iranian variety was rich in linalyl acetate. Marjoram varieties grown in Reunion Island, Greece, and Egypt are rich in terpinen-4-ol and sabinenes \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In another study, marjoram essential oil was reported to be rich in carvacrol, thymol, terpinen-4-ol, trans-caryophyllene, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Study done by \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e on the essential oil composition of Iranian variety revealed the detection of linalool, thymol, p-cymene, terpinen-4-ol, sabinene, β-myrcene, β-caryophyllene, and γ-terpinene.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eChemical composition of pet. ether extract of marjoram samples\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of volatile profile of marjoram samples from two commercial sources extracted with pet. ether using GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 51 metabolites (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cb\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/b\u003e). The identified volatiles belonged to aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated sesquiterpenes, fatty acid/esters, ketones, and sterols (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAliphatic hydrocarbons\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAliphatic hydrocarbons represented by 15 peaks were detected as the major metabolite class detected in marjoram samples extracted with pet. ether to account for \u003cem\u003eca\u003c/em\u003e. 73.8 and 42.8% in MI and MR samples, respectively. Tetracontane (peak 52) was the major aliphatic hydrocarbon detected in marjoram samples at higher level in MI sample at 35.02% compared to 12.8% in MR samples. Moreover, other contane-derivatives including tetratriacontane (peak 40), pentatriacontane (peak 45), and hexatriacontane (peak 46) were detected at level range 6.1\u0026ndash;9.6% in MR compared to higher level range at 10.01\u0026ndash;11.1% in MI samples.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAlcohol, ketone, and esters\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohols were detected at comparable levels 11\u0026ndash;12% in marjoram samples MR and MI. Compared to SPME extraction, several alcohols were detected with this solvent extraction including 3 -Hexen-1-ol, 1-heptatriacontanol, linoleyl alcohol, terpene-4-ol, 4-thujanol, and γ terpineol. 3-Hexen-1-ol (peak 1) was detected at a high level 5.1% in MI samples compared to 3.3% in MR sample, whereas terpene-4-ol (peak 13) was detected in MR at a higher level (4.4%) than MI samples (2.1%). Fatty alcohols including 1-heptatriacontanol (peak 50) and linoleyl alcohol (peak 28) were detected only in MI samples extracted with pet. ether. Similar to SPME results, carvenone was detected as major ketone in marjoram samples MI. Esters represented by 9 peaks were detected at 5.7% in MR compared to 2.7% in MI. Geranylgeraniol (peak 41) and terpinyl acetate (peak 14) were the abundant esters.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMonoterpene, diterpenes, and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonoterpene hydrocarbons represented by β-phellandrene, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were detected at trace levels in both marjoram samples extracted with pet. Ether. Likewise, diterpenes including neophytadiene and dehydroabietinol were detected at 2.1\u0026ndash;2.5% in marjoram samples. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were detected only in MR samples (1.3%) and in accordance with SPME extraction method. Caryophyllene (peak 19) and longipinane (peak 26) represented the sesquiterpenes detected in MR extracted with pet. Ether, while santalene was the one which detected with SPME extraction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFatty acids/esters and sterols\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFatty acids were detected at high levels in marjoram samples MI 5.6% compared to traces in MR samples indicating the effect of solvent in the extraction of nonpolar compounds in marjoram. Sterols were detected at higher levels in MI samples at 24.6% represented by γ-Sitosterol compared to much lower level of 4.5% in MR samples.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePCA analysis of marjoram volatile metabolites analyzed with GC-MS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) was further used for better assessment of volatiles distribution among marjoram samples from two commercial sources (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). A PCA model (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eA) of marjoram volatiles extracted by HS-SPME showed discrimination of MR clusters at the left side of PC1 versus MI samples clustering towards the right side of PC1. The corresponding loading plot (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eB\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e revealed that γ-terpinene, β-phellandrene, and 2-bornene were enriched in MR samples, versus enrichment of oxygenated terpenes i.e, terpinen-4-ol, carvenone, and linalyl acetate in MI samples, in addition to β-thujene and cymene and accounting for its segregation. The abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbon and oxygenated compound in samples extracted using HS-SPME revealed the efficiency of extraction technique for evaluation of the quality of sweet oregano as it in agreement with the hydro-distillation method \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother PCA model (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eC) of marjoram volatiles extracted by pet. Ether showed discrimination of MR clusters at the left side of PC1 while MI samples were clustered towards the right side of PC1. The corresponding loading plot Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eD revealed that γ-terpinene, 4-terpinenyl acetate, and γ-terpineol were enriched in MR samples. Aliphatic hydrocarbons including tetracontane, hexatriacontane, tetratriacontane along with 1-heptatriacotanol and γ-sitosterol were more enriched in MI samples and accounting for their segregation toward the right side. However, identification of large number of metabolites in marjoram extracted with pet. Ether method, large number of non-polar compounds was extracted which may interfere with the quality assessment of marjoram samples. Hence, HS-SPME is the most suitable for assessment of the quality of marjoram samples.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTotal phenolics and flavonoids in marjoram from two commercial sources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total phenolic assay of the two marjoram samples revealed comparable levels of 109\u0026ndash;112 \u0026micro;g GA/mg in MR samples (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Likewise, total flavonoid content was detected at 18.3 \u0026micro;g rutin eq/mg in MR samples compared to 19.5 \u0026micro;g rutin eq/mg in MI samples. Compared to a previous report on Spanish marjoram total phenolics revealed that marjoram contained 163 mg GAE/L \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Profiling of Egyptian marjoram showed the presence of apigenin, methyl rosmarenate, rosmarenic acid, luteolin-7-O-rutinose, as a major compound, meanwhile p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were detected using HPLC analysis\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Additionally Tunisian marjoram aerial parts revealed the presence of phenolic acids viz. (E)-2-hydroxycinnamic, rosmarinic, vanillic, chlorogenic, gallic, and cinnamic, whereas flavonoids including amentoflavone, apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, coumarin, and rutin \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResults of total phenolic contents, total flavonoid content, and DPPH radical scavenging capacity of two commercial Marjoram products (R and I) methanolic extract.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal phenolic content (\u0026micro;g GA/mg sample)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal flavonoid content (\u0026micro;g rutin eq/mg sample)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDPPH IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e (\u0026micro;g/mL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrolox (\u0026micro;g/mL)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDPPH radical scavenging capacity of marjoram methanolic extracts\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMR samples showed radical scavenging capacity with IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e value of 45.5 \u0026micro;g/mL compared to 56.8 \u0026micro;g/mL for MI samples indicating slightly stronger antioxidant effect of MR (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e), likely attributed for its richness in phenolics and terpenes \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Next to phenolics, predominant monoterpene hydrocarbons viz. β-phellandrene, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene detected in marjoram essential oil may also contribute to antioxidant activity \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In agreement with other previous studies, Tunisian \u003cem\u003eO. majorana\u003c/em\u003e revealed high antioxidant activity \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Moreover, Iranian \u003cem\u003eO. majorana\u003c/em\u003e revealed similar composition of cis-sabinene hydrate and terpeniol, with potential antioxidant capacity \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAnti-bacterial activities of petroleum ether extract of marjoram samples from two commercial sources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential oil containing herbal extracts are well recognized for their potential antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the results compared to gentamycin as standard antibacterial drug \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Consequently, antibacterial activity of marjoram samples was tested against five Gram-positive bacterial strains and three Gram-negative strains (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Both marjoram samples revealed moderate antibacterial activities as concluded from the zone of inhibition compared to standard antibacterial agent. MR and MI extracts showed activity against \u003cem\u003eBacillus subtilis\u003c/em\u003e with inhibition zone of 16.03 and 15.9 mm, respectively. Against \u003cem\u003eBacillus cereus\u003c/em\u003e, MR extract showed inhibition zone of 12.9 mm compared to 13.7 mm for MI extract. Moreover, both extracts showed inhibition effect against \u003cem\u003eEnterococcus faecalis\u003c/em\u003e with comparable inhibition zone of 14.03 mm. Both \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eStreptococcus mutants\u003c/em\u003e were found resistant against both marjoram extracts. Regarding Gram-negative bacteria, both marjoram extracts showed inhibition only against \u003cem\u003eEnterobacter cloacae\u003c/em\u003e with inhibition zone of 11.6 mm. The antibacterial activity of marjoram oil was previously investigated against \u003cem\u003eS. aureus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eE. faecalis\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eK. pneumoniae\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Results revealed that among volatiles in \u003cem\u003eO. majorana\u003c/em\u003e essential oil, cis-sabinene hydrate contributed towards inhibition of bacterial growth \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In another study, Pakistani sweet marjoram exhibited antibacterial activity against \u003cem\u003eS. aureus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eB. cereus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eB. subtilis\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eP. aeruginosa\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative antibacterial activity of two marjoram commercial products (MR and MI) pet. ether extract expressed as zone of inhibition (mm).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluated microorganism/sample\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Av\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMI\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Av\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;sd)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGentamycin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGram-positive bacteria\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacillus subtilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eStreptococcus mutants\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacillus cereus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.40\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEnterococcus faecalis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGram-negative bacteria\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEnterobacter cloacae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.53\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e29.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalmonella typhimurium\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eN/A\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN/A; no activity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe test was done using agar technique, well diameter: 6.0 mm (100 \u0026micro;l was tested), samples was tested at 100 mg/ml and positive control gentamycin 4 \u0026micro;g/ml\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e "},{"header":"Material \u0026 Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwo marjoram commercial products labeled as sweet marjoram (\u003cem\u003eOriganum majorana\u003c/em\u003e L.) were provided from wo different companies Royal (MR (and Isis (MI) was collected from a local market in Cairo, Egypt.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample Preparation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eHS-SPME\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFibers used in SPME volatile extraction are stable flex coated with divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS, 50/30 \u0026micro;m) or PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) were purchased from Supelco (Oakville, ON, Canada). Volatile standards were provided from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Marjoram leaf sample (100 mg) were placed in an SPME screw-cap vial (1.5 mL) spiked with 10 \u0026micro;g (\u003cem\u003eZ\u003c/em\u003e)-3-hexenyl acetate with fibers inserted manually above and placed in an oven kept at 50 \u0026ordm;C for 30 min. HS-SPME analysis of the volatile compounds was performed as reported in \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e with slight modifications. The fiber was subsequently withdrawn into the needle and then injected manually into the injection port of a gas chromatography\u0026ndash;mass spectrometer (GC\u0026ndash;MS).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSolvent extraction using pet. ether\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe powdered marjoram leaf sample (20 g each) was extracted with pet. ether (150 mL x 3) with cold sonication at 35 \u0026ordm;C (using Biomall sonicator, India) for volatile extraction. Pet. ether was selected considering its non-polar nature more suited to recover volatile terpenes with less interference from other less volatiles phytochemicals \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The pet. ether extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure using Rotary evaporator (Hahin-shin, Japan) at 40 \u0026ordm;C till complete evaporation of pet. ether to yield concentrated extract used for GC-MS analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGC-MS analysis of marjoram aroma profile\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eGC/MS analysis was performed using Shimadzu GCMS-QP2020 (Tokyo, Japan). The GC was equipped with Rtx-1MS fused bonded column (30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. x 0.25 \u0026micro;m film thickness) (Restek, USA) and a split\u0026ndash;splitless injector. The initial column temperature was kept at 45\u0026deg;C for 2 min (isothermal) and programmed to 300\u0026deg;C at a rate of 5\u0026deg;C/min and kept constant at300\u0026deg;C for 5 min (isothermal). The injector temperature was 250\u0026deg;C. Helium carrier gas flow rate was 1.41 ml/min. All the mass spectra were recorded applying the following condition: (equipment current) filament emission current, 60 mA; ionization voltage, 70 eV; ion source, 200\u0026deg;C. Diluted samples (1% v/v) were injected with split mode (split ratio 1: 15).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIdentification of essential oil chemical composition\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIdentification was based on calculation of retention indices of each component, mass spectra matching with NIST-11 and Wiley library database as well as published data in literature \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Retention indices (RI) were calculated relative to a homologous series of n-alkanes (C8-C28) injected under the same conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTotal phenolics assay\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total phenolic content was determined using Folin\u0026ndash;Ciocalteu method as described by \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Samples were prepared at the concentration of 4 mg/mL in methanol. Briefly, the procedure consisted of mixing 10 \u0026micro;L of sample/standard with 100 \u0026micro;L of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Diluted 1: 10) in a 96-well microplate. Then, 80 \u0026micro;L of 1M Na\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e was added and incubated at room temperature (25\u0026deg;C) for 20 min in the dark. At the end of incubation time the resulting blue complex color was measured at 630 nm. Data are represented as means\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD. Gallic acid standard curve was used for calculation of total phenolic content. The results were recorded using microplate reader FluoStar Omega.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTotal flavonoids assay\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total flavonoids content was determined using the aluminum chloride method as described by \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, with minor modifications. Samples were prepared at 4 mg/mL in methanol. Briefly, 15 \u0026micro;L of sample/standard was placed in a 96-well microplate, then, 175 \u0026micro;L of methanol was added followed by 30 \u0026micro;L of 1.25% AlCl\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. Finally, 30 \u0026micro;L of 0.125 M C\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eNaO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e was added and incubated for 5 min. At the end of incubation time the resulting yellow color was measured at 420 nm. Data are represented as means\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD. Rutin standard curve was used for calculation of total flavonoid content. The results were recorded using microplate reader FluoStar Omega.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDPPH free radical assay\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radical assay was carried out according to the method of \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Briefly, 100\u0026micro;L of freshly prepared DPPH reagent (0.1% in methanol) were added to 100 \u0026micro;L of the sample in 96 wells plate (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6), the reaction was incubated at room temp for 30 min in dark. At the end of incubation time the resulting reduction in DPPH color intensity was measured at 540 nm. Data are represented as means\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD according to the following equation:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003epercentage inhibition= ((Average absorbance of blank-average absorbance of the test)/(Average absorbance of blank))*100.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrolox standard curve was used as positive control for antioxidant assay. The results were recorded using microplate reader FluoStar Omega. Samples MI, and MR were prepared at final the concentration of 15.625, 31.25, 62.5, 125 and 250 \u0026micro;g/ml in Methanol. Trolox stock solution of 20 \u0026micro;g/mL was prepared in 100% methanol from which 5 concentrations were prepared including 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5 and 1.25 \u0026micro;g/mL.\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eIn vitro\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eantibacterial assay\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe antibacterial activity of tested samples was investigated in vitro against eight bacterial strains and results were investigated in term of zone of inhibition. The culture medium is Mueller-Hinton agar recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The standard antimicrobial agent was gentamicin; as an antibacterial agent obtained from the Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. The microorganisms were obtained from the Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. Gram-positive bacteria \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e ATCC 25923, \u003cem\u003eBacillus subtilis\u003c/em\u003e RCMB 015 (1) NRRL B-543, \u003cem\u003eBacillus cereus\u003c/em\u003e RCMB 027 (1), \u003cem\u003eStreptococcus mutants RCMB\u003c/em\u003e 017 (1) ATCC 25175, \u003cem\u003eEnterococcus faecalis\u003c/em\u003e ATCC 29212. \u003cem\u003eGram-negative bacteria Enterobacter cloacae\u003c/em\u003e RCMB 001(1) ATCC 23355, \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e ATCC 25922, \u003cem\u003eand Salmonella typhimurium\u003c/em\u003e RCMB 006 (1) ATCC 14028.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results were displayed as mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation of the mean (SD). Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel\u0026reg; and the IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e value was calculated using Graph pad Prism 6\u0026reg; by converting the concentrations to their logarithmic value and selecting non-linear inhibitor regression equation (log (inhibitor) vs. normalized response \u0026ndash; variable slope equation).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAssessment of volatile metabolite variations in marjoram samples collected from two different commercial products (MR and MI) using two different extraction techniques viz. HS-SPME and petroleum ether coupled with GC-MS analysis was studied herein. A total of 20 aroma compounds and 51 volatile metabolites were identified in samples extracted with HS-SPME and pet. Ether, respectively. HS-SPME revealed the abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The major identified aroma compounds were β-Phellandrene (20.1 and 14.2%), γ-terpinene (13.4 and 11.7%), 2-bornene (12.3 and 11.5%), p-cymene (9.8% and 4.6%) terpenen-4-ol (16.4% and 7.5%), Sabinene hydrate (16.02% and 8.8%) and terpineol (4.2 and 3.2%) in MR and MI, respectively. Extraction with pet. Ether revealed the abundance of aliphatic hydrocarbons (42.8 and 73.8%) in MR and MI, respectively. PCA analysis revealed variation in volatiles between both samples with a distinct quality in MR samples with higher cis-sabinene hydrate. The abundance of monoterpenes and oxygenated compounds in HS-SPME analyzed samples revealed the efficiency of the extraction in evaluation of marjoram essential oil composition, while pet. Ether increased the recovery of non-polar compounds. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in marjoram samples were (111.9, 109.1 \u0026micro;g GA/mg) and (18.3, 19.5 \u0026micro;g rutin eq/mg) in MR and MI, respectively. MR samples showed DPPH inhibition with IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e at 45.5 \u0026micro;g/mL compared to 56.8 \u0026micro;g/mL for MI samples which indicate the antioxidant effect. The antibacterial activity of marjoram samples was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains and revealed moderate antibacterial activities. Hence, HS-SPME is recommended for quality assessment of marjoram essential oil. Further LC-MS based analysis is recommended for profiling of the phenolics and flavonoids in marjoram.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eM. B. A.: Methodology, Data Curation. E. M. S.: Writing Original draft. O. E.: Methodology, Data Curation. M.A. F. Writing-Review editing. M. H. B.: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing Original draft, Writing-Review editing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo conflict of interest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRam\u0026iacute;rez, J., Gilardoni, G., Radice, M. \u0026amp; Morocho, V. Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Ethnopharmacology of the Genus Lepechinia Willd.(Lamiaceae): A Review. \u003cem\u003ePlants\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e13\u003c/b\u003e, 481 (2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUritu, C. M. et al. 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Res.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e8\u003c/b\u003e, 29\u0026ndash;34 (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Origanum majorana, sweet oregano, HS-SPME, GC-MS, Total phenolic, total flavonoid, DPPH, antibacterial","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4824314/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4824314/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eRecently, the growth of consumer demand for natural herbal products with both safety and efficacy has led to great advances in analytical tools to assess and assure their quality. Marjoram (\u003cem\u003eOriganum majorana\u003c/em\u003e L.), also known as \"sweet marjoram\" or \u0026ldquo;sweet oregano\u0026rdquo; is a Mediterranean herbaceous perennial herb cultivated in Egypt. The main goal of this study was to assess volatiles\u0026rsquo; variation in marjoram samples collected from two different commercial products using two different extraction techniques viz. HS-SPME and petroleum ether coupled with GC-MS analysis. A total of 20 major aroma compounds were identified in samples extracted with HS-SPME with abundance of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The major volatiles included β-phellandrene (20.1 and 14.2%), γ-terpinene (13.4 and 11.7%), 2-bornene (12.3 and 11.5%), p-cymene (9.8% and 4.6%) terpenen-4-ol (16.4% and 7.5%), sabinene hydrate (16.02% and 8.8%) and terpineol (4.2 and 3.2%) in MR and MI, respectively. Compared with HS-SPME, 51 aroma compounds were identified in marjoram samples extracted with pet. ether, more enriched in aliphatic hydrocarbons (42.8 and 73.8%) in MR and MI, respectively. While higher identification score was observed in case of solvent extraction, SPME appeared to be more selective in recovery of oxygenated terpenes to more account for marjoram aroma. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in marjoram samples were at (111.9, 109.1 \u0026micro;g GA/mg) and (18.3, 19.5 \u0026micro;g rutin eq/mg) in MR and MI, respectively. Stronger antioxidant effects were observed in MR and MI samples with IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e at 45.5 and 56.8 \u0026micro;g/mL respectively compared to IC\u003csub\u003e50\u003c/sub\u003e 6.57 \u0026micro;g/mL for trolox as assayed using DPPH assay. Moderate anti-bacterial effect was observed in MR and MI samples and expressed as zone of inhibition mostly against \u003cem\u003eBacillus subtilis\u003c/em\u003e (16.03 \u0026amp; 15.9 mm), \u003cem\u003eB. cereus\u003c/em\u003e (12.9 \u0026amp; 13.7mm), \u003cem\u003eEnterococcus faecalis\u003c/em\u003e (14.03 \u0026amp; 13.97 mm), and \u003cem\u003eEnterobacter cloacae\u003c/em\u003e (11.60 \u0026amp; 11.56 mm) respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparative volatiles profiling in Marjoram products essential oil as extracted using classical and headspace techniques and in relation to antioxidant and antibacterial effects","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-18 08:39:07","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4824314/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-10-01T06:18:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-28T06:39:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-09-18T08:57:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"88795925770536422110654290580271204451","date":"2024-09-14T07:20:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"128625913181902690838591479791676613241","date":"2024-09-14T04:15:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"295622140083307254617336008294156356612","date":"2024-09-03T08:30:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-09-03T06:16:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-09-02T15:44:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-09-02T15:28:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-08-30T12:18:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-07-29T20:34:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4d31865b-632c-4cda-8ab9-d9d00bbe7f2e","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 18th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":38309014,"name":"Biological sciences/Biochemistry/Metabolomics"},{"id":38309015,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry/Analytical chemistry/Mass spectrometry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-18T16:01:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4824314","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78674-y","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-11-13 15:57:26","publishedOnDateReadable":"November 13th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-18 08:39:07","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-78674-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-78674-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4824314","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4824314","identity":"rs-4824314","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}