Comparing Multimodal Methods to Study Women's Safety and Mobility in Informal Urban Neighborhoods: A Systematic Review for SDG 11 Implementation

Comparing Multimodal Methods to Study Women's Safety and Mobility in Informal Urban Neighborhoods: A Systematic Review for SDG 11 Implementation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Comparing Multimodal Methods to Study Women's Safety and Mobility in Informal Urban Neighborhoods: A Systematic Review for SDG 11 Implementation Leticia Izquierdo, Jason Nwayn, Kent Larson This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7661173/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in npj Urban Sustainability → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We present transdisciplinary research exploring safety and mobility in an informal settlement (Lomas del Centinela, Guadalajara, Mexico). We combined interviews, participatory mapping, custom wearable devices (GPS, light sensors, fear reporting buttons, app-integration), video analysis, and agent-based modeling, among others, to capture spatial-temporal safety dynamics. Each method shaped different questions: “Where do people walk?”, “What areas do they avoid?”, “How do they feel?”, “What city do they want?”. We found 50.9% of self-reported fear signals occurred outside areas identified as dangerous in group discussions, revealing gaps between collective memory and lived experience. While 32.3% of daytime crime incidents aligned with perceived danger zones, this rose to 53% at night, with sexual harassment showing strongest spatial correlation (p < 0.001). This framework provides transferable methods for safety research in self-built communities expected to host 3 billion by 2050. Physical sciences/Engineering Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences Biological sciences/Psychology Social science/Psychology Social science/Science technology and society Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Suplementary.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in npj Urban Sustainability → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 19 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7661173","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":538352957,"identity":"ac15c5bf-4e55-416f-85ec-32c1b845d7fd","order_by":0,"name":"Leticia 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Implementation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"npj-urban-sustainability","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"npjurbansustain","sideBox":"Learn more about [npj Urban Sustainability](https://www.nature.com/npjurbansustain/)","snPcode":"42949","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42949/3","title":"npj Urban 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We combined interviews, participatory mapping, custom wearable devices (GPS, light sensors, fear reporting buttons, app-integration), video analysis, and agent-based modeling, among others, to capture spatial-temporal safety dynamics. Each method shaped different questions: “Where do people walk?”, “What areas do they avoid?”, “How do they feel?”, “What city do they want?”. We found 50.9% of self-reported fear signals occurred outside areas identified as dangerous in group discussions, revealing gaps between collective memory and lived experience. While 32.3% of daytime crime incidents aligned with perceived danger zones, this rose to 53% at night, with sexual harassment showing strongest spatial correlation (p \u0026lt; 0.001). This framework provides transferable methods for safety research in self-built communities expected to host 3\u0026nbsp;billion by 2050.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparing Multimodal Methods to Study Women's Safety and Mobility in Informal Urban Neighborhoods: A Systematic Review for SDG 11 Implementation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-04 12:02:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7661173/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-26T08:22:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-20T13:10:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-12T14:56:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T03:20:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"122536703484461440925250189004409199926","date":"2025-10-28T05:27:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"110538987141877198538441276719971088417","date":"2025-10-24T08:07:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"82412081951175638048886333632870490577","date":"2025-10-23T00:17:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"166349553398822892634492093175597565176","date":"2025-10-22T13:44:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"290935298984046933925965087244743176801","date":"2025-10-22T12:39:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"106192247429151094310802750814929427870","date":"2025-10-22T07:45:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-10-22T06:46:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-22T06:44:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-16T04:32:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"npj Urban Sustainability","date":"2025-09-19T20:55:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"npj-urban-sustainability","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"npjurbansustain","sideBox":"Learn more about [npj Urban Sustainability](https://www.nature.com/npjurbansustain/)","snPcode":"42949","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42949/3","title":"npj Urban Sustainability","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"NPJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d363b6eb-b482-4df1-a87a-8e7d130fb39a","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":57260988,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":57260989,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Environmental social sciences"},{"id":57260990,"name":"Biological sciences/Psychology"},{"id":57260991,"name":"Social science/Psychology"},{"id":57260992,"name":"Social science/Science technology and society"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-09T16:02:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7661173","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-026-00358-5","journal":{"identity":"npj-urban-sustainability","isVorOnly":false,"title":"npj Urban Sustainability"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-07 15:58:59","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 7th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-04 12:02:20","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s42949-026-00358-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-026-00358-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7661173","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7661173","identity":"rs-7661173","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}