Recycling nutrients: evaluating the use of hatchery discarded whole egg meal in boiler chicken diets

Recycling nutrients: evaluating the use of hatchery discarded whole egg meal in boiler chicken diets | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Recycling nutrients: evaluating the use of hatchery discarded whole egg meal in boiler chicken diets Vishal Gaikwad, Amit Sharma, Subhash Chandra, Sandeep Uniyal, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4482750/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Mar, 2026 Read the published version in Waste and Biomass Valorization → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose To strengthen global food security emphasis should be given to the reuse, recycling and recovery of nutrients from various livestock industries. This study investigated the impact of hatchery-discarded whole egg meal (HDWEM) on the growth performance and health status of broiler chickens, with the aim of recycling nutrients. Methods HDWEM was prepared by drying (65°C for 48 h) and grinding of hatchery discarded eggs. Two hundred one-day-old chicks were assigned in a completely randomized design to five dietary treatments having 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% HDWEM. Results HDWEM contained about 34.1% crude protein, 26.5% ether extract and 18.1 MJ/kg gross energy, with 16 ppb of aflatoxin and no crude fiber or microbial contamination. The results demonstrated significant linear and quadratic improvements in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient utilization with the inclusion of HDWEM. Conclusion Incorporating 5% HDWEM by replacing soybean meal (up to 14%) in broiler diets supports environmentally and economically sustainable broiler production. Global food security Hatchery discarded egg Broiler Growth performance Nutrient utilization Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 1. Introduction Food security of the ever-growing human population is becoming more challenging year by year using limited natural resources like arable land and water along with a parallel increase in demand for animal-derived protein [ 1 – 2 ]. Among various livestock production systems, poultry broilers have the best feed conversion rate for transforming feed into human food [ 3 ]. They also exhibit the highest production increase over the last five years, with a 4.5-fold rise, making them the most affordable source of animal protein for humans without any religious restrictions [ 3 – 4 ]. The broiler production chain used to produce about 0.16 kg dry matter (DM) per kg of broiler chicks born (16.2 g/egg set for incubation) hatchery waste which includes discarded (too small or large eggs for hatching and infertile eggs), empty shells, dead embryos, late hatchings and dead chickens [ 5 – 6 ]. The common waste management practices for recycling nutrients from hatchery wastes are anaerobic digestion and composting or landfilling which are not much efficient due to the release of ammonia from digestate and high nitrogen content [ 7 ]. Therefore, there is a necessity for innovative ways and improvement of existing technologies (combining hatchery waste with other complementary materials and the determination of appropriate proportions of hatchery waste for anaerobic digestion and composting, respectively) to reintroduce valuable nutrients back from hatchery waste into the food chain efficiently [ 6 , 8 ]. Moreover, to strengthen global food security, it has been recommended that emphasis should be given to direct reuse, recycling and recovery of nutrients from waste generated by various food, agricultural and livestock industries [ 9 ]. In this context, the hatchery discarded eggs (unsuitable/infertile) which possess high nutrient and mineral content can be segregated from other hatchery waste and used as an alternative feed ingredient in the feeding of broilers. Furthermore, dead embryos or chicks from hatchery waste pose biological risks, as they may harbor pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella spp. , Escherichia coli (E. coli) , and Clostridium spp. These pathogens can lead to serious health issues in poultry if the waste is not properly processed before inclusion in the diet [ 8 , 10 ]. Numerous efforts have been made to prepare egg meal with or without eggshells as a feed ingredient or feed additive by drying, freezing with boiling and autoclaving at 121°C as these methods help improve shelf life by reducing pathogens and altering nutrient availability [ 11 – 14 ]. Among these methods drying is simple and cost effective; freezing preserves bioactive compounds but lacks sterilization. On the other hand, boiling enhances digestibility with moderate nutrient retention, while autoclaving ensures safety but may reduce nutritional quality [ 13 ]. Several previous studies reported that broilers fed on egg powder/meal as a feed additive (0.3% DM) or replacement for fish meal (up to 3% DM) had a beneficial effect on the performance of poultry and pigs. However, higher levels (5% DM or 100% replacement of fish meal) in the diet of poultry resulted in poor growth performance of poultry broilers [ 14 – 15 ]. However, the major concern of human food security with increasing broiler production is the diversion of potential human food sources, primarily maize and soybean for poultry feed formulation [ 10 ]. Therefore, in light of the nutritional value, economic feasibility, product safety, and the significance of waste recycling, the present study was designed to assess the viability of utilizing hatchery-discarded whole egg meal (HDWEM) as a substitute for soybean meal. This investigation employs a colored broiler model (selected for its enhanced survivability) to explore environmentally and economically sustainable practices in broiler production. 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Preparation of hatchery discarded whole egg meal Eggs discarded by the hatchery (mainly Indian Broiler Ludhiana-80: IBL-80, Rhode Island Red, Punjab Brown and Punjab Red breeds), specifically those deemed unsuitable for hatching on the first day (including eggs that were too small, too large, or cracked) as well as infertile eggs identified on the 19th day of the hatching process, were collected on a weekly basis from the GADVASU hatchery located in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The collected eggs were broken into a tray (81×42×3.5 cm Length× Width× Height) with shell and dried at 65°C for 48 h in a hot air oven (Narang Scientific Work Pvt. Ltd.). After drying the whole content was ground, mixed with antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (as antioxidant to prevent lipid oxidation and preserve nutritional quality of HDWEM) at a dose of 0.75 g/ kg HDWEM and stored in a sealed container for further study (Fig. 1 ). 2.2 Nutritional and microbiological analysis of HDWEM Samples of HDWEM were analyzed for nutrient profile, mineral (Calcium; Ca and phosphorus; P), amino acid content (lysine and methionine), aflatoxin level and microbiological ( E. coli and Salmonella ) assay. Standard procedures were followed to estimate crude protein (CP; method no. 984.13), ether extract (EE; method no. 920.39), crude fibre (CF; method no. 978.10), total ash (method no. 942.050), acid insoluble ash (AIA; method no. 991.42); salt (method no. 937.09) and P (method no. 995.11) according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) [ 16 ]. For Ca colourimetric method as described by Talapatra et al. [ 17 ] was used. For the gross energy (GE) estimation bomb calorimeter (microprocessor automatic bomb calorimeter, Toshniwal Technologies Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India) was used and to evaluate aflatoxin contamination, VICAM Fluorometer (series-4EX, Waters, USA), was used. HDWEM samples were inoculated with sterile Enterobacteriaceae Enrichment Broth (EEB) and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar plates for E. coli and Salmonella contamination as standard OIE manual [ 18 ] and FDA- Bacteriological Analytical manual [ 19 ] procedure. Lysine and methionine contents of HDWEM were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC system (Waters India Pvt. Ltd.) equipped with an AccQ•Tag Ultra C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 µm). Samples were hydrolyzed with 6 N hydrochloric acid containing 0.1% phenol at 110°C for 24 h [ 20 ]. Following hydrolysis, amino acids were derivatized using the AccQ•Tag Ultra Derivatization Kit (Waters), and separation was performed using AccQ•Tag Ultra Eluent A and B, HPLC-grade acetonitrile, and ultrapure water. An AQC-derivatized amino acid standard (50 pmol, Waters) was used as reference for quantification. 2.3 Birds, Experimental design, and diet The experimental protocols, management, and care of birds under this study were as per the protocol stated by article number 13 of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experimentation on Animals (CPCSEA) by per Government of India and are approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (GADVASU/2021/IAEC/61/09) of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India. A total of two hundred, one-day-old (male and female in equal no.) IBL-80 coloured chicks (42.47 ± 0.30 g body weight; BW) were allotted in a completely randomized way to one of the five dietary treatment groups; control (T-0), T-2.5, T-5, T-7.5 and T-10 with four replicate pens of 10 broiler chickens for 42 days. Five different mash-based isocaloric and isonitrogenous were prepared by inclusion of the HDWEM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed (Table 2 ) by replacing soybean meal in conventional corn-soy based basal diet to meet the requirements of coloured birds during different phases as per Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) [ 21 ]. The chicks received a starter diet from hatching until 21 days of age and a finisher diet from 22 to 42 days of age in their respective group. Before formulating a basal diet, all raw ingredients were evaluated for their chemical composition as per standard AOAC [ 16 ] methods and metabolizable energy was calculated [ 22 ]. Table 2 Ingredient composition and nutrient profile of experimental diets Ingredients (%DMB) Starter diet (day 1–21) Finisher diet (day 22–42) T-0 T-2.5 T-5.0 T-7.5 T-10 T-0 T-2.5 T-5.0 T-7.5 T-10 Maize 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 58.0 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.0 61.0 De-oiled Rice Bran 3.60 4.39 4.97 4.89 4.28 3.80 4.74 5.40 5.70 5.53 Soybean Meal 29.5 27.4 25.4 23.8 21.9 27.9 25.8 23.8 21.9 20.0 Rice Gluten 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 4.80 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50 HDWEM* 0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.0 0.00 2.50 5.00 7.50 10.0 Oil 0.90 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.20 1.60 1.10 0.80 0.40 Di-calcium Phosphate 0.57 0.55 0.52 0.56 0.54 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.10 Limestone Powder 2.00 1.40 0.80 0.18 0.00 1.83 1.21 0.63 0.05 0.00 Salt (g) 300 275 250 225 200 300 275 250 225 200 Methionine (g) 60.0 40.0 30.0 10.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Additives** (g) 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 Proximate composition (%DMB) Dry matter 89.6 89.7 89.7 89.9 90.1 90.7 91.6 91.2 91.7 91.8 Organic matter 92.1 91.7 91.5 91.5 91.8 93.3 93.2 92.5 93.0 92.6 Crude protein 21.9 21.9 21.8 21.8 21.8 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 20.1 Ether extract 2.42 3.43 3.43 4.50 5.35 5.05 5.7 6.35 6.9 7.65 Crude fibre 6.05 5.92 5.83 5.67 5.45 6.0 6.2 6.5 6.1 6.0 Nitrogen free extract 61.8 60.6 60.5 59.6 59.2 62.2 61.2 59.5 59.9 58.8 Total ash 7.88 8.27 8.51 8.48 8.21 6.68 6.77 7.53 6.97 7.41 Acid insoluble ash 1.47 1.35 1.14 0.98 0.83 1.11 0.83 0.83 0.88 0.73 Gross energy (MJ/kg) 18.97 18.94 18.92 18.99 18.99 19.26 19.21 19.17 19.17 19.06 Calcium 1.10 1.11 1.15 1.16 1.22 0.88 0.86 0.9 0.9 1.12 Available phosphorus 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.46 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.37 *HDWEM: Hatchery discarded whole egg meal; ** Vit A- 82,500 IU, Vit D3- 12,000 IU, Vit B2- 50 mg, Vit K- 10 mg, Vit B1- 8 mg, Vit B6- 16 mg, Vit B12- 80 mg, Vit E- 80 mg, Niacin- 80mg, Calcium pantothenate- 80 mg, Coccidiostat- 60 g, Common salt- 300 g, Manganese sulfate- 54 mg, Zinc sulfate- 52 mg, ferrous sulfate- 30 mg, copper sulfate- 4 mg, Potassium iodide- 1 mg, Cobalt sulfate- 0.1 mg, Chromium chloride- 0.2 mg, and selenomethionine- 0.1 ppm. Birds were housed in a deep litter system (0.09 m 2 ) having facilities for ad libitum watering and feeding. Room temperature was maintained at 31–33°C with the help of electric bulbs in particular pen and with electric heaters in the poultry house and reduced by 3°C per week until reached 23–25°C. The lighting regime followed standard farm practices, with 23 h of light and 1 h of darkness during the first week, gradually reduced to a 12-h light period by the end of the trial. All one-day-old broiler chicks received Merek Disease vaccination through a subcutaneous route followed by the Newcastle disease vaccination program (7th and 28th day) and infectious bursal disease (14th day) in drinking water. 2.4 Data collection 2.4.1 Feed intake, growth performance and nutrient utilization All chicks in different treatment groups were weighed individually on the day first and then weekly basis till the 42nd day i.e., the end of the experiment. The feed intake (FI) for each replicate in the different treatment groups was measured weekly by subtracting the feed residue from the total feed supplied. Accordingly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated for the starter (1–21 days) phase, finisher (22–42 days) phase and overall experiment duration (1–42 days) by dividing FI by body weight gain (BWG). Furthermore, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and production index were calculated from the following methods as described by Attia et al. [ 23 ] and Cramer et al. [ 24 ]. \(\:\text{P}\text{E}\text{R}=\frac{BG}{CPI}\) …………………………………...………………………………1 Where CPI is the crude protein intake \(\:\text{P}\text{r}\text{o}\text{d}\text{u}\text{c}\text{t}\text{i}\text{o}\text{n}\:\text{i}\text{n}\text{d}\text{e}\text{x}\:=\frac{BW\left(kg\right)\times\:SR}{PP\times\:FCR}\times\:100\) ……………………………….2 Where SR is survival rate i.e., 100-mortality rate; PP is production period. In the last week of the experiment, four birds per group were shifted to metabolic cages having facilities for feeding, watering and total excreta collection. A 7-day metabolic trial was conducted which consisted of a 3-day adaptation period followed by a 4-day collection period. Broiler birds were fed according to their respective dietary treatment regimens. After the adaptation period, each group received a measured quantity of feed daily at 0900 h. The feed residue and total excreta were collected, weighed the following morning, and stored at -20°C. After the collection period, daily collected dried residue and excreta samples were pooled. The feed, residue, and total excreta samples were pulverized and analyzed for proximate principles, Ca and P as described in the previous section. Additionally, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen (AMEn; GE intake corrected for zero nitrogen balance, i.e., 8.22 kcal/g of nitrogen retained) were described in previous study [ 25 ]. 2.4.2 Carcass characteristics On the 42nd day, four birds were selected randomly from each group and were slaughtered after an overnight period of fasting for the evaluation of carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, abdominal fat, and evisceration), organ weight (heart, gizzard, and liver) and cut-up parts. The digestive tract was carefully removed from all the birds and an approximately 3 cm segment was taken from the midpoint of the duodenum. Subsequently, the lumen content was cleaned with phosphate-buffered saline and the segment was immersed in formaldehyde followed by the fixationin Bouin’s solution for histological examinations [ 26 ]. 2.4.3 Blood samples On the 42nd day, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein while slaughtering the birds in heparinized vacutainers. These vacutainers were brought to the lab in an ice box and centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes for the separation of plasma. These plasma samples were stored at -20°C and analyzed for cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, urea (BUN), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by using Erba Manheim diagnostic kits in Automatic Biochemical Analyzer (Global 240, BPC BioSed, Italy). Globulin levels were calculated as the difference between total protein and albumin concentration. Another 2 mL blood sample was taken in sterile Eppendorf tubes containing 0.3 mL acid citrate dextrose and centrifuged at 2500 rpm in a refrigerated (4°C) centrifuge for 20 min. Plasma (supernatant) along with the buffy coat was taken out. The remaining RBC pellets were mixed in 1 mL ice-cold normal saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and again centrifuged at 2500 rpm in a refrigerated centrifuge (4°C) for 20 min. This process was repeated three times and the remaining RBC pellets were mixed with an equal quantity of ice-cold saline solution to form RBC suspension. From RBC suspension 0.2 ml was taken and 1.2 ml of EDTA stabilizing solution (2.7 mM; prepared by dissolving 0.5025 g EDTA in 500 mL DW with 24.55µL β-mercaptoethanol) was added to prepare hemolysate. Hemolysate was stored at -20°C for further estimation of erythrocytic catalase [ 27 ] and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [ 28 ] activity. 2.5 Statistical analysis The birds in the pen were averaged and each pen was considered as a statistical replicate used for growth performance, while individual bird was the statistical replicate for all other parameters. All tested variables (overall growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut morphology, carcass characteristics and blood biochemical profile) were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's b post-hoc test at P < 0.05 was considered a significant statistical difference, while P value between 0.05 and 0.10 was considered indicative of a trend towards significance among different treatment means using SPSS. Further, polynomial contrasts were used to assess linear and quadratic responses to increasing dietary dosages of HDWEM. Further, FI, BWG, and FCR of each week during different phases were subjected to repeated measures analysis in the GLM procedure of SPSS to determine the interaction effect between dietary treatment and time (in weeks). 3. Results 3.1 Chemical composition of HDWEM and experimental diets In the current study, on average about 65–72 eggs were used for preparing one kg of dried HDWEM. The product prepared contained about 34.1% CP, 26.5% EE, 18% total ash, 0.6% AIA, 0.9% salt, 9.0% Ca, 0.4% P and about 18.1 MJ/kg gross energy (Table 1 ). The aflatoxin level in HDWEM was measured at 16.0 ppb, and it was found to be free of crude fiber, as well as negative for Salmonella and E. coli contamination. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to meet nutrient requirements of colored broiler chickens as per ICAR [ 21 ]. for the starter and finisher phases with the inclusion of HDWEM from 0–10% (Table 2 ). The inclusion of HDWEM (0–10%) resulted in a progressive reduction in the proportion of soybean meal (7.2–25.6% and 7.7–28.0%) and oil (100% and 82%) along with the increase in deoiled rice bran (18.8–38% and 24.7–45.5%), respectively in the starter and finisher phases of broiler chicken. Table 1 Nutritional and microbiological analyses of hatchery discarded whole egg meal (HDWEM). Items Chemical composition (% DM) HDWEM Soybean meal Dry matter (%) 90.0 93.1 Organic matter (%) 82.0 92.0 Crude protein (%) 34.1 46.0 Ether extract (%) 26.5 0.90 Crude fibre (%) 0.00 9.00 Nitrogen free extract (%) 21.4 34.9 Total ash (%) 18.0 8.0 Acid insoluble ash (%) 0.60 1.90 Gross energy (MJ/kg) 18.1 11.2 Salt (%) 0.90 0.35 Aflatoxin (ppb) 16.0 8.00 Mineral composition (% DM) Calcium 9.00 0.46 Phosphorous 0.40 0.09 Amino acid composition (% DM) Lysine 2.10 3.09 Methionine 1.10 0.59 Microbiological assay Salmonella Not detected - Escherichia coli Not detected - 3.2 Growth performance and carcass characteristics The orthogonal polynomial contrast revealed that growth performance in terms of final BW, BWG, FCR and production index for overall period showed both linear ( P < 0.01) and quadratic ( P < 0.05) effects with inclusion of graded levels of HDWEM (Table 3 ). Further, results of repeated measure analysis also revealed a significant dietary treatment × week interaction effects on BWG and FCR. During the 2nd and 5th week, the highest BWG and FCR ( P < 0.05) were recorded in group T-5.0 as compared to T-0, while in all other groups, values remained intermediate (Figs. 2 and 3 ). However, during 4th week, all groups fed with HDWEM had higher BWG and FCR as compared to group T-0. On the other hand, during 6th week, birds fed with 10% HDWEM had higher BWG and FCR in comparison to T-0 and all other groups remained statistically at par groups with T-0 and T-10. The FI of broiler birds remained unaffected with the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet and only showed highly significant variation with time. Table 3 Effect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler Means within a row bearing different superscripts abc differ significantly ( P < 0.05) BW: body weight; BWG: body weight gain; FCR: feed conversion ratio; FI: feed intake; PER: protein efficiency ratio; The effect of the inclusion of a graded level of HDWEM as a replacement for soybean meal on carcass characteristics is presented in Table 4 . Results revealed that the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet of broilers, increased linearly and quadratically ( P < 0.05) the percentage of the thigh and liver weight, respectively. Moreover, heart ( P = 0.066) and liver ( P = 0.072) weights were also tended to be increased linearly with an increase in the level of HDWEM. Other parameters like evisceration, abdominal fat, and head percentage remained unaffected by dietary treatments in the present study. Table 4 Effect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on carcass characteristics (g/100 g live weight) of broiler Attributes T-0 T-2.5 T-5.0 T-7.5 T-10 SEM P value Linear Quadratic Dressing (%) 55.1 57.8 55.7 56.1 54.2 0.18 0.299 0.086 Evisceration (%) 60.8 63.9 61.5 61.8 60.9 0.15 0.505 0.141 Thigh (%) 17.3 17.6 17.8 16.8 16.0 0.15 0.029 0.065 Liver (%) 2.57 2.66 2.45 2.48 3.26 0.41 0.072 0.045 Gizzard (%) 2.40 2.53 2.54 2.34 2.22 0.48 0.193 0.167 Heart (%) 0.82 0.94 0.87 0.89 1.18 0.22 0.066 0.277 Giblet (%) 5.79 6.12 5.85 5.72 6.67 0.65 0.163 0.225 Abdominal fat (%) 2.70 3.63 2.48 2.45 2.41 0.31 0.122 0.530 Head (%) 2.82 3.22 2.68 2.77 3.10 0.18 0.807 0.396 3.3 Apparent metabolizable energy, nutrient and utilization of minerals CP utilization responded both linearly and quadratically ( P < 0.01) while EE utilization showed only a linear ( P < 0.001) effect on the inclusion of HDWEM at various levels (Table 5 ). There was no significant effect observed on the utilization of DM, OM, CF, NFE, and AME as well as AMEn of the boiler birds when fed with HDWEM. Conversely, Ca utilization was found to increase both linearly and quadratically ( P < 0.001) in groups fed HDWEM compared to the control group (T-0). Moreover, P utilization and N excretion tended to be lower in the HDWEM treatment groups compared to the control group, with P values of 0.060 and 0.067, respectively. Table 5 Effect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on apparent utilisation coefficient of nutrients, minerals and nitrogen in broilers Attributes T-0 T-2.5 T-5.0 T-7.5 T-10 SEM P Value Linear Quadratic Dry matter (%) 75.7 75.7 74.7 75.5 76.8 1.36 0.500 0.229 Organic matter (%) 78.3 77.7 76.8 78.2 79.3 1.36 0.431 0.137 Crude protein (%) 57.8 a 60.3 b 59.4 b 59.6 b 60.5 b 0.48 < 0.001 0.002 Ether extract (%) 90.5 a 90.2 a 91.2 ab 92.1 bc 92.7 c 0.42 < 0.001 0.156 Crude fibre (%) 34.3 35.5 35.8 34.6 34.5 0.49 0.591 0.007 NFE (%) 88.2 86.7 85.8 87.3 88.5 2.06 0.866 0.110 AME (MJ/kg) 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.3 16.6 0.58 0.870 0.805 AMEn (MJ/kg) 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.9 16.2 0.60 0.836 0.772 Apparent utilization of minerals Calcium 45.5 a 51.9 b 54.6 b 51.2 b 52.4 b 1.20 < 0.001 0.000 Phosphorous 67.2 67.1 64.3 64.6 63.7 1.45 0.060 0.701 Nitrogen balance (g/4d) Nitrogen intake (g) 17.1 18.1 15.9 16.9 15.2 1.23 0.095 0.470 Nitrogen excretion (g) 7.30 7.17 6.36 6.78 5.97 0.51 0.069 0.923 Nitrogen balance (g) 9.77 10.9 9.58 10.2 9.21 0.72 0.268 0.254 Means within a row bearing different superscripts abc differ significantly ( P < 0.05) NFE: nitrogen-free extract; AME: apparent metabolizable energy; AMEn: nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy; Figures with different superscripts in a row differ significantly. 3.4 Intestinal morphology Table 6 represents the effect of inclusion of HDWEM on the gut morphology, especially the duodenum section of the gut. It was observed that crypt depth tended ( P = 0.05) to be increased both linearly ( P = 0.05) and quadratically ( P = 0.059) at or above the 5% inclusion level of HDWEM, but villi height and the ratio of villi height with crypt depth remained unaffected. Table 6 Effect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on gut morphology of broilers birds Attributes T-0 T-2.5 T-5.0 T-7.5 T-10 SEM P Value Linear Quadratic Villi Height (µm) 1213 1273 1322 1200 1229 61.4 0.784 0.175 Crypt depth (µm) 115.6 a 120.1 a 146.9 b 126.7 ab 130.8 ab 8.80 0.050 0.059 Villi height: Crypt depth ratio 10.4 10.4 8.93 9.69 9.13 1.10 0.206 0.706 Means within a row bearing different superscripts abc differ significantly ( P < 0.05) 3.5 Erythrocytic antioxidant activities and biochemical profile In response to HDWEM levels, the erythrocytic catalase activity increased linearly ( P < 0.001) at or above the 5% inclusion as compared to T-0 and T-2.5 groups (Table 7 ). Similarly, plasma triglycerides level increased linearly ( P < 0.001) with the highest level in the T-10 group as compared to T-0 and T-2.5 groups, while in the T-5 and T-7.5 groups, it remained intermediate (Table 8 ). On the other hand, plasma cholesterol ( P = 0.058) and SGPT ( P = 0.072) levels tended to increase and decrease linearly with the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet of broilers. Table 7 Effect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on erythrocytic antioxidant activities in broilers Attributes T-0 T-2.5 T-5.0 T-7.5 T-10 SEM P Value Linear Quadratic Catalase (µmol of H 2 O 2 consumed /min /mg Hb) 78.5 a 98.8 a 130.4 b 129.9 b 142.5 b 10.3 < 0.001 0.103 SOD (U/mg Hb) 77.3 80.2 98.9 99.4 114.0 13.6 0.061 0.883 SOD: super oxide dismutase Table 8 Effect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on blood biochemical profile in broiler Attributes T-0 T-2.5 T-5.0 T-7.5 T-10 SEM P Value Linear Quadratic Triglyceride (mg/dL) 14.3 a 12.4 a 34.1 ab 36.7 ab 55.2 b 7.80 < 0.001 0.471 Total Protein (g/dL) 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.0 3.6 0.54 0.679 0.502 Albumin (g/dL) 1.3 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.4 0.11 0.840 0.733 Globulin (g/dL) 2.1 2.5 2.6 1.8 2.2 0.50 0.624 0.425 Cholesterol (mg/dL) 101.9 84.7 98.2 127.7 139.0 24.8 0.058 0.284 Total bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.15 0.128 0.256 Direct Bilirubin (mg/dL) 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.06 0.130 0.947 BUN (mg/dL) 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.3 0.88 0.842 0.800 Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.06 0.562 0.623 SGOT (IU/L) 61.8 24.5 49.0 29.7 21.0 29.1 0.258 0.865 SGPT (IU/L) 233 192 194 186 177 27.1 0.072 0.453 Uric acid (mg/dL) 5.7 5.5 7.1 6.1 6.4 0.95 0.410 0.544 Means within a row bearing different superscripts abc differ significantly ( P < 0.05) BUN: blood urea nitrogen; SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase 4. Discussion Proximate analysis of the prepared HDWEM indicated that it contains substantial levels of CP (34.1%), EE (26.5%), and Ca (9.0%), along with lysine and methionine [ 13 ]. Additionally, microbiological tests indicated that dried HDWEM tested negative for both E. coli and Salmonella contamination. These results are close to previous reports [ 14 , 29 – 31 ] and the aflatoxin level was well below the admissible limit (20 ppb) as recommended by BIS [ 32 ] for broiler feed. Therefore, prepared HDWEM was up to 10% as a feed ingredient to formulate isocaloric and isonitrogenous broiler diets by replacing soybean meal (up to 28%). Since HDWEM was devoid of CF, hence the level of deoiled rice bran was increased to maintain an equal level of CF across different dietary treatments. Eggs have various essential nutrients and bioactive compounds in a highly digestible and readily absorbable form which can be exploited to improve the growth performance and nutrient utilization of chickens [ 33 – 34 ]. There was a significant dietary treatment × time interaction effect on BWG and FCR, indicating that the capacity of broiler chickens to utilize HDWEM-based diets depended on their age. Inclusion of HDWEM increased BWG by 17.7–25.3% and improved FCR by 15.1–20.4% at or above 5% inclusion of HDWEM as compared to basal diet without affecting FI of birds. The similar FI in all the groups in the present study could be due to comparable CF and gross energy content among various different diets as the FI of birds is generally known to be affected by the level of CF and energy in the diet. Previously, Lie and Kim [ 29 ] observed only a 4% improvement in the BWG and FCR of broilers when fed up to a 3% level of egg powder (replaced soybean meal 7.9–8.9% only). Similarly, various other studies by El-deek et al. [ 35 ], Teixeira et al. [ 36 ], Al-Harthi et al. [ 12 ] and Ratriyanto et al. [ 30 ] reported enhancement in the growth performance of broilers without affecting the feed intake. On the contrary, Anikola et al. [ 14 ] and Choi et al. [ 15 ] reported either a decrease or no effect on growth performance by the inclusion of infertile egg meal as a 100% replacement of fishmeal in the diet of broilers. Similarly, Schmidt et al. [ 37 ] found that the inclusion of 7% egg powder in the diet of weanling pigs decreased average BWG and FCR due to the presence of trypsin inhibitors in egg protein. Eggs contain lecithin (phospholipid in the egg) which has a crucial role in the metabolism of fat, hence the inclusion of HDWEM resulted in higher EE utilization, particularly at 7.5 and 10% levels [ 38 ]. Furthermore, the biological value of egg protein is higher (Similarity between amino acid profiles of animal protein sources to amino acid profiles of the live animal’s body) as compared to soybean meal [ 33 , 39 ] which could result in higher (up to 4.8%) utilization of CP in all HDWEM groups as compared to conventional corn-soy based diet in the control group. Previously, Lie and Kim [ 29 ] found no improvement in DM and N utilization by 3% inclusion of egg powder but observed a higher ( P < 0.05) value of energy utilization by 2.4% as compared to the control group. Moreover, the inclusion of HDWEM also resulted in increased utilization of Ca by about 16% in all dietary treatments as compared to the control group which agrees with the reports of Choi et al. [ 40 ]. Similarly, Gongruttananun [ 41 ] also reported that 100% replacement of Ca supplemental source by eggshell Ca in laying hens had no detrimental effect on the performance and egg quality. Apparent utilization of DM, NFE, CF, P, AME and AMEn remained unaffected by the inclusion of HDWEM. The discrepancy among the findings could be attributed to the type of birds, diets and experimental conditions. Therefore, in the present study, the improvement in BWG and FCR could be related to increased utilization of nutrients in groups fed with HDWEM. Improved apparent utilization of various nutrients could be due to changes in gut morphology especially with increased villus height to crypt depth ratio which is mainly used as a measure of the absorption capacity of the small intestine [ 42 ]. In the current study, there was an increase in crypt depth at 5% HDWEM inclusion without any effect on villus height and their ratio. This further clarifies that the increased utilization of nutrients could be due to the presence of high-quality digestible and readily absorbable nutrients in the HDWEM-based diet in comparison to the con-soy-based basal diet. With improvement in growth performance, it was expected to have an effect on carcass characteristics with the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet of the broiler. Only the percentage of thigh muscle was found to be increased up to 5% inclusion level and then decreased with the inclusion of HDWEM, all other parameters remained at par with each other. Whereas liver and heart weight tend to be higher in birds fed with HDWEM with the highest weight at 10% inclusion level. Various previous studies [ 11 – 12 , 15 , 43 ] reported an increase in abdominal fat, heart, liver, pancreas and gizzard percentage with the inclusion of infertile egg meal, whereas other studies reported no effect of egg meal inclusion on the relative organ weight [ 14 , 29 ]. The effects of egg meal on carcass characteristics are highly variable. The observed increase in liver and heart size suggests that HDWEM provides substantial nutritional content that supports digestive tract development; however, the effects of trypsin inhibitors may also contribute to cardiomegaly [ 44 – 45 ]. Blood profiles in animals serve as indicators of their physiological and nutritional status. Egg yolk is a rich source of lipids especially cholesterol and fatty acids so the inclusion of HDWEM at 10% increased plasma triglyceride by 2.86 folds and tended to increase plasma cholesterol level upto 39% as compared to control group. Furthermore, eggs are rich in immunoglobulins and proteins; however, the plasma levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin remained unaffected by the inclusion of HDWEM at levels up to 10%. However, Al-Harthi et al. [ 12 ] and Anikola et al. [ 14 ] reported an increase in plasma protein, albumin, and globulin levels with feeding of dried egg meal powder. All other blood biochemical parameters remained unaffected by HDWEM and within the normal physiological range [ 46 ]. These findings are consistent with previous reports by Esmailzadeh et al. [ 47 ] and Choi et al. [ 15 ]. Eggs act as a natural antioxidant due to the presence of various bioactive components [ 35 ] and might be responsible for increased erythrocytic antioxidant activity, especially catalase with HDWEM in the present study. 5. Conclusions The results of the current study revealed that HDWEM increased nutrient utilization, growth performance and FCR particularly at or above 5% inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens. However, at 7.5 or 10% inclusion level, there was an increase in blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels which could negatively affect bird health and carcass quality. Hence, it can be inferred that the inclusion of HDWEM at 5% as a replacement for soybean meal (up to 14%) in the diet of broiler chicken is effective for maintaining broiler performance while reducing reliance on conventional protein sources. Moreover, direct utilization of HDWEM in the diet of broilers efficiently recycles nutrients into the food chain and promotes environmentally and economically sustainable broiler production. Future studies could explore the combined use of HDWEM with functional additives to improve its inclusion level, and with unconventional energy-rich sources to formulate sustainable and cost-effective broiler diets. Declarations Competing Interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Funding: The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript. Author Contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization, material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Vishal Gaikwad, Amit Sharma, Subhash Chandra, Sandeep Uniyal and Udeybir Singh. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Amit Sharma and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements Authors thank the Vice-chancellor, Director research and Dean Post Graduations of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India, for providing necessary facilities required for completion of this study. We are also thankful to Dr J S Hundal, Dr Srobana Sarkar, Dr Hujaz Tariq, Dr Naveen B.T. and Dr Ravi Prakash Pal for their professional comments and feedback on this manuscript. Data Availability: The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4482750","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":476902003,"identity":"f74e97c2-32bf-4135-92ba-76ccf9031cfa","order_by":0,"name":"Vishal Gaikwad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vishal","middleName":"","lastName":"Gaikwad","suffix":""},{"id":476902004,"identity":"5b6fff94-9095-4994-bc06-a6b044f2d07d","order_by":1,"name":"Amit 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2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":68234,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAverage weekly body weight gain (BWG) of IBL-80 indigenous broilers fed with diets containing graded level of HDWEM\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4482750/v1/a571f68d496fd6dffe8ebc9f.jpg"},{"id":88014259,"identity":"763a490d-3f3a-4297-ad40-5ff968cd92b5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-31 12:39:05","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":78256,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAverage weekly feed conversion ratio (FCR) of IBL-80 indigenous broilers fed diets containing graded level of HDWEM\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4482750/v1/d05a6fdf5f7b43585a29b6d7.jpg"},{"id":104252354,"identity":"07f57c35-9f61-44da-bb75-4a7d631c5392","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-09 16:18:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1842209,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4482750/v1/2fbdbd2b-5f5c-46ea-a9a8-986a78f28a6d.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Recycling nutrients: evaluating the use of hatchery discarded whole egg meal in boiler chicken diets","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eFood security of the ever-growing human population is becoming more challenging year by year using limited natural resources like arable land and water along with a parallel increase in demand for animal-derived protein [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Among various livestock production systems, poultry broilers have the best feed conversion rate for transforming feed into human food [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. They also exhibit the highest production increase over the last five years, with a 4.5-fold rise, making them the most affordable source of animal protein for humans without any religious restrictions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The broiler production chain used to produce about 0.16 kg dry matter (DM) per kg of broiler chicks born (16.2 g/egg set for incubation) hatchery waste which includes discarded (too small or large eggs for hatching and infertile eggs), empty shells, dead embryos, late hatchings and dead chickens [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The common waste management practices for recycling nutrients from hatchery wastes are anaerobic digestion and composting or landfilling which are not much efficient due to the release of ammonia from digestate and high nitrogen content [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, there is a necessity for innovative ways and improvement of existing technologies (combining hatchery waste with other complementary materials and the determination of appropriate proportions of hatchery waste for anaerobic digestion and composting, respectively) to reintroduce valuable nutrients back from hatchery waste into the food chain efficiently [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, to strengthen global food security, it has been recommended that emphasis should be given to direct reuse, recycling and recovery of nutrients from waste generated by various food, agricultural and livestock industries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. In this context, the hatchery discarded eggs (unsuitable/infertile) which possess high nutrient and mineral content can be segregated from other hatchery waste and used as an alternative feed ingredient in the feeding of broilers. Furthermore, dead embryos or chicks from hatchery waste pose biological risks, as they may harbor pathogenic microorganisms such as \u003cem\u003eSalmonella spp.\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli (E. coli)\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eClostridium spp.\u003c/em\u003e These pathogens can lead to serious health issues in poultry if the waste is not properly processed before inclusion in the diet [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumerous efforts have been made to prepare egg meal with or without eggshells as a feed ingredient or feed additive by drying, freezing with boiling and autoclaving at 121\u0026deg;C as these methods help improve shelf life by reducing pathogens and altering nutrient availability [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12 CR13\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Among these methods drying is simple and cost effective; freezing preserves bioactive compounds but lacks sterilization. On the other hand, boiling enhances digestibility with moderate nutrient retention, while autoclaving ensures safety but may reduce nutritional quality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Several previous studies reported that broilers fed on egg powder/meal as a feed additive (0.3% DM) or replacement for fish meal (up to 3% DM) had a beneficial effect on the performance of poultry and pigs. However, higher levels (5% DM or 100% replacement of fish meal) in the diet of poultry resulted in poor growth performance of poultry broilers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the major concern of human food security with increasing broiler production is the diversion of potential human food sources, primarily maize and soybean for poultry feed formulation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, in light of the nutritional value, economic feasibility, product safety, and the significance of waste recycling, the present study was designed to assess the viability of utilizing hatchery-discarded whole egg meal (HDWEM) as a substitute for soybean meal. This investigation employs a colored broiler model (selected for its enhanced survivability) to explore environmentally and economically sustainable practices in broiler production.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Preparation of hatchery discarded whole egg meal\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEggs discarded by the hatchery (mainly Indian Broiler Ludhiana-80: IBL-80, Rhode Island Red, Punjab Brown and Punjab Red breeds), specifically those deemed unsuitable for hatching on the first day (including eggs that were too small, too large, or cracked) as well as infertile eggs identified on the 19th day of the hatching process, were collected on a weekly basis from the GADVASU hatchery located in Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The collected eggs were broken into a tray (81\u0026times;42\u0026times;3.5 cm Length\u0026times; Width\u0026times; Height) with shell and dried at 65\u0026deg;C for 48 h in a hot air oven (Narang Scientific Work Pvt. Ltd.). After drying the whole content was ground, mixed with antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (as antioxidant to prevent lipid oxidation and preserve nutritional quality of HDWEM) at a dose of 0.75 g/ kg HDWEM and stored in a sealed container for further study (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Nutritional and microbiological analysis of HDWEM\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSamples of HDWEM were analyzed for nutrient profile, mineral (Calcium; Ca and phosphorus; P), amino acid content (lysine and methionine), aflatoxin level and microbiological (\u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e) assay. Standard procedures were followed to estimate crude protein (CP; method no. 984.13), ether extract (EE; method no. 920.39), crude fibre (CF; method no. 978.10), total ash (method no. 942.050), acid insoluble ash (AIA; method no. 991.42); salt (method no. 937.09) and P (method no. 995.11) according to Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. For Ca colourimetric method as described by Talapatra et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e] was used. For the gross energy (GE) estimation bomb calorimeter (microprocessor automatic bomb calorimeter, Toshniwal Technologies Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India) was used and to evaluate aflatoxin contamination, VICAM Fluorometer (series-4EX, Waters, USA), was used. HDWEM samples were inoculated with sterile Enterobacteriaceae Enrichment Broth (EEB) and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar plates for \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e contamination as standard OIE manual [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] and FDA- Bacteriological Analytical manual [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] procedure. Lysine and methionine contents of HDWEM were analyzed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC system (Waters India Pvt. Ltd.) equipped with an AccQ\u0026bull;Tag Ultra C18 column (2.1 \u0026times; 100 mm, 1.7 \u0026micro;m). Samples were hydrolyzed with 6 N hydrochloric acid containing 0.1% phenol at 110\u0026deg;C for 24 h [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Following hydrolysis, amino acids were derivatized using the AccQ\u0026bull;Tag Ultra Derivatization Kit (Waters), and separation was performed using AccQ\u0026bull;Tag Ultra Eluent A and B, HPLC-grade acetonitrile, and ultrapure water. An AQC-derivatized amino acid standard (50 pmol, Waters) was used as reference for quantification.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Birds, Experimental design, and diet\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e The experimental protocols, management, and care of birds under this study were as per the protocol stated by article number 13 of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experimentation on Animals (CPCSEA) by per Government of India and are approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (GADVASU/2021/IAEC/61/09) of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, India.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of two hundred, one-day-old (male and female in equal no.) IBL-80 coloured chicks (42.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30 g body weight; BW) were allotted in a completely randomized way to one of the five dietary treatment groups; control (T-0), T-2.5, T-5, T-7.5 and T-10 with four replicate pens of 10 broiler chickens for 42 days. Five different mash-based isocaloric and isonitrogenous were prepared by inclusion of the HDWEM at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg feed (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) by replacing soybean meal in conventional corn-soy based basal diet to meet the requirements of coloured birds during different phases as per Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The chicks received a starter diet from hatching until 21 days of age and a finisher diet from 22 to 42 days of age in their respective group. Before formulating a basal diet, all raw ingredients were evaluated for their chemical composition as per standard AOAC [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e] methods and metabolizable energy was calculated [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngredient composition and nutrient profile of experimental diets\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIngredients (%DMB)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStarter diet (day 1\u0026ndash;21)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinisher diet (day 22\u0026ndash;42)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaize\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDe-oiled Rice Bran\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoybean Meal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRice Gluten\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHDWEM*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDi-calcium Phosphate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLimestone Powder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalt (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethionine (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditives** (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"11\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProximate composition (%DMB)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry matter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic matter\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude protein\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEther extract\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude fibre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen free extract\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal ash\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid insoluble ash\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGross energy (MJ/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailable phosphorus\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003e*HDWEM: Hatchery discarded whole egg meal; ** Vit A- 82,500 IU, Vit D3- 12,000 IU, Vit B2- 50 mg, Vit K- 10 mg, Vit B1- 8 mg, Vit B6- 16 mg, Vit B12- 80 mg, Vit E- 80 mg, Niacin- 80mg, Calcium pantothenate- 80 mg, Coccidiostat- 60 g, Common salt- 300 g, Manganese sulfate- 54 mg, Zinc sulfate- 52 mg, ferrous sulfate- 30 mg, copper sulfate- 4 mg, Potassium iodide- 1 mg, Cobalt sulfate- 0.1 mg, Chromium chloride- 0.2 mg, and selenomethionine- 0.1 ppm.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBirds were housed in a deep litter system (0.09 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) having facilities for \u003cem\u003ead libitum\u003c/em\u003e watering and feeding. Room temperature was maintained at 31\u0026ndash;33\u0026deg;C with the help of electric bulbs in particular pen and with electric heaters in the poultry house and reduced by 3\u0026deg;C per week until reached 23\u0026ndash;25\u0026deg;C. The lighting regime followed standard farm practices, with 23 h of light and 1 h of darkness during the first week, gradually reduced to a 12-h light period by the end of the trial. All one-day-old broiler chicks received Merek Disease vaccination through a subcutaneous route followed by the Newcastle disease vaccination program (7th and 28th day) and infectious bursal disease (14th day) in drinking water.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Data collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.1 Feed intake, growth performance and nutrient utilization\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll chicks in different treatment groups were weighed individually on the day first and then weekly basis till the 42nd day i.e., the end of the experiment. The feed intake (FI) for each replicate in the different treatment groups was measured weekly by subtracting the feed residue from the total feed supplied. Accordingly, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated for the starter (1\u0026ndash;21 days) phase, finisher (22\u0026ndash;42 days) phase and overall experiment duration (1\u0026ndash;42 days) by dividing FI by body weight gain (BWG). Furthermore, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) and production index were calculated from the following methods as described by Attia et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] and Cramer et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\text{P}\\text{E}\\text{R}=\\frac{BG}{CPI}\\)\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;...\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;1\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere CPI is the crude protein intake\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e \u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\text{P}\\text{r}\\text{o}\\text{d}\\text{u}\\text{c}\\text{t}\\text{i}\\text{o}\\text{n}\\:\\text{i}\\text{n}\\text{d}\\text{e}\\text{x}\\:=\\frac{BW\\left(kg\\right)\\times\\:SR}{PP\\times\\:FCR}\\times\\:100\\)\u003c/span\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;\u0026hellip;.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere SR is survival rate i.e., 100-mortality rate; PP is production period.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the last week of the experiment, four birds per group were shifted to metabolic cages having facilities for feeding, watering and total excreta collection. A 7-day metabolic trial was conducted which consisted of a 3-day adaptation period followed by a 4-day collection period. Broiler birds were fed according to their respective dietary treatment regimens. After the adaptation period, each group received a measured quantity of feed daily at 0900 h. The feed residue and total excreta were collected, weighed the following morning, and stored at -20\u0026deg;C. After the collection period, daily collected dried residue and excreta samples were pooled. The feed, residue, and total excreta samples were pulverized and analyzed for proximate principles, Ca and P as described in the previous section. Additionally, apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and AME corrected for nitrogen (AMEn; GE intake corrected for zero nitrogen balance, i.e., 8.22 kcal/g of nitrogen retained) were described in previous study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.2 Carcass characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the 42nd day, four birds were selected randomly from each group and were slaughtered after an overnight period of fasting for the evaluation of carcass characteristics (dressing percentage, abdominal fat, and evisceration), organ weight (heart, gizzard, and liver) and cut-up parts. The digestive tract was carefully removed from all the birds and an approximately 3 cm segment was taken from the midpoint of the duodenum. Subsequently, the lumen content was cleaned with phosphate-buffered saline and the segment was immersed in formaldehyde followed by the fixationin Bouin\u0026rsquo;s solution for histological examinations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.3 Blood samples\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the 42nd day, blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein while slaughtering the birds in heparinized vacutainers. These vacutainers were brought to the lab in an ice box and centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes for the separation of plasma. These plasma samples were stored at -20\u0026deg;C and analyzed for cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, urea (BUN), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) by using Erba Manheim diagnostic kits in Automatic Biochemical Analyzer (Global 240, BPC BioSed, Italy). Globulin levels were calculated as the difference between total protein and albumin concentration. Another 2 mL blood sample was taken in sterile Eppendorf tubes containing 0.3 mL acid citrate dextrose and centrifuged at 2500 rpm in a refrigerated (4\u0026deg;C) centrifuge for 20 min. Plasma (supernatant) along with the buffy coat was taken out. The remaining RBC pellets were mixed in 1 mL ice-cold normal saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and again centrifuged at 2500 rpm in a refrigerated centrifuge (4\u0026deg;C) for 20 min. This process was repeated three times and the remaining RBC pellets were mixed with an equal quantity of ice-cold saline solution to form RBC suspension. From RBC suspension 0.2 ml was taken and 1.2 ml of EDTA stabilizing solution (2.7 mM; prepared by dissolving 0.5025 g EDTA in 500 mL DW with 24.55\u0026micro;L β-mercaptoethanol) was added to prepare hemolysate. Hemolysate was stored at -20\u0026deg;C for further estimation of erythrocytic catalase [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e] and superoxide dismutase (SOD) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] activity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5 Statistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe birds in the pen were averaged and each pen was considered as a statistical replicate used for growth performance, while individual bird was the statistical replicate for all other parameters. All tested variables (overall growth performance, nutrient utilization, gut morphology, carcass characteristics and blood biochemical profile) were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's b post-hoc test at P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered a significant statistical difference, while P value between 0.05 and 0.10 was considered indicative of a trend towards significance among different treatment means using SPSS. Further, polynomial contrasts were used to assess linear and quadratic responses to increasing dietary dosages of HDWEM. Further, FI, BWG, and FCR of each week during different phases were subjected to repeated measures analysis in the GLM procedure of SPSS to determine the interaction effect between dietary treatment and time (in weeks).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Chemical composition of HDWEM and experimental diets\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the current study, on average about 65\u0026ndash;72 eggs were used for preparing one kg of dried HDWEM. The product prepared contained about 34.1% CP, 26.5% EE, 18% total ash, 0.6% AIA, 0.9% salt, 9.0% Ca, 0.4% P and about 18.1 MJ/kg gross energy (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The aflatoxin level in HDWEM was measured at 16.0 ppb, and it was found to be free of crude fiber, as well as negative for \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e contamination. Five isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were formulated to meet nutrient requirements of colored broiler chickens as per ICAR [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. for the starter and finisher phases with the inclusion of HDWEM from 0\u0026ndash;10% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The inclusion of HDWEM (0\u0026ndash;10%) resulted in a progressive reduction in the proportion of soybean meal (7.2\u0026ndash;25.6% and 7.7\u0026ndash;28.0%) and oil (100% and 82%) along with the increase in deoiled rice bran (18.8\u0026ndash;38% and 24.7\u0026ndash;45.5%), respectively in the starter and finisher phases of broiler chicken.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNutritional and microbiological analyses of hatchery discarded whole egg meal (HDWEM).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChemical composition (% DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHDWEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoybean meal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry matter (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic matter (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude protein (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEther extract (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude fibre (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen free extract (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal ash (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcid insoluble ash (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGross energy (MJ/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalt (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAflatoxin (ppb)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMineral composition\u003c/b\u003e (% DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphorous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAmino acid composition\u003c/b\u003e (% DM)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLysine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethionine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMicrobiological assay\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot detected\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEscherichia coli\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot detected\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Growth performance and carcass characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe orthogonal polynomial contrast revealed that growth performance in terms of final BW, BWG, FCR and production index for overall period showed both linear (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.01) and quadratic (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.05) effects with inclusion of graded levels of HDWEM (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Further, results of repeated measure analysis also revealed a significant dietary treatment \u0026times; week interaction effects on BWG and FCR. During the 2nd and 5th week, the highest BWG and FCR (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.05) were recorded in group T-5.0 as compared to T-0, while in all other groups, values remained intermediate (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). However, during 4th week, all groups fed with HDWEM had higher BWG and FCR as compared to group T-0. On the other hand, during 6th week, birds fed with 10% HDWEM had higher BWG and FCR in comparison to T-0 and all other groups remained statistically at par groups with T-0 and T-10. The FI of broiler birds remained unaffected with the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet and only showed highly significant variation with time.\u003c/p\u003e \n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEffect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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5CUSCe3t4WJaNpvVXoRnt9u1v5vNZmta+QcbAERERETmpqamKla8vF6voZL3qrDb7Ybtkhs6+sqrPA0AHj9+fCze6myz2Sz16pu9KT4QCBjmQaHXv6urS2sEjIyMwGazAQDy+Tyi0ag2b19fn9awkKehcCVG/LbW2AAgIiIikni9XvT19cnJpkZGRio2FI6jM2fOaP9PpVKGXm993qRSKSSTSe17NBot6jGvV1Yq/4KYV/TOp1IpQyNADPmRe+x7enq0/8tXVvTDfMLhsGFaJBIx7INaYgOAiIiIiIrY7XbDkJjV1VXt/3LvtH5aLBY7sIprPRGNgGAwqFX+5Qo+Cg1EQW5IPX/+3HCFQDSkcrkc8vn8gV1FYQOAiIiIiEzpK/KPHz/W/r+6umrosRY3ux50xbXexGIxrKysaJX/UleCSjWkIF0hENNWV1cN6bXGBgARERERmfJ6vUU91KIH2263G4b6RKPRA6+41pvFxUXT/8vMGlKhUAhnzpwxTBMNqcePHx/oVRQ2AIiIiIioJLmHenV1Ff39/YA0hj0Wix14xbWehEIhredfXAkIBoPybECJhtSLFy/g9XqLGlLBYBA2m63k1YRaYAOAiIiIiEqSe6hfvHihVU7lm4EPuuJaL0KhEObn57VhP3a7XWsEhEIheXZAakhNTk7i1KlT2nd9Q2plZcXw/SCwAUBEREREJck3A+srrpDGtx90xbUe5HI5zM/PIxKJGBo7drsdkUgE8/Pzpu8J0N8MnM/nDY0n+YlT8vdaYwOAiIiIiMrSXwWQK6diOJDZtFeReAyo2Y3OXq+36DGgeqKxpG80CeK9C2bTao0NACIiIqIyfD5fUc+20+k0fRHUq0qMYTd76ZkYw34YFdeDEo1G4XQ6tZtwAWB+fh5Op9PwjoP9Eg0pfaNJnnYY91C8pqqqKicSEREREdGriVcAiIiIiIgaCBsAREREREQNhA0AIiIiIqIGwgYAEREREVEDYQOAiIiIiKiBsAFARERERNRA2AAgIiIiImogbAAQERERETUQNgCIiIiIiBoIGwBERERERA2EDQAiIiIiogbCBgARERERUQNhA4CIiIiIqIG8pqqqqn157TXjVCIiIiIiOjZ0VfuSDA0AIiIiIiJ6tXEIEBERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQNgAICIiIiJqIGwAEBERERE1EDYAiIiIiIgaCBsAREREREQNhA0AIiIiIqIGwgYAEREREVEDYQOAiPYtl8vB6XTKyQ0rGo0iEAjIyQTA6XQil8vJyQ2N8UJEh40NgIKFhQWk02k5uaSZmRmexIgKurq65KSGlUwmMTExIScTAJ/PJyc1PMYLER2FqhsAgUAATqfT9HP69GlcuXIFyWTS8Bt5PtHTIafrexCTyaQhPRQK6Zb4dz2OMzMz8Pl82jw9PT1YWFhALpcrmr8URVEQCARw7tw5tLe3y5NLGhwcxL1796pqNFAxRVEwMzOD06dPw+l0wufzIRqNyrMBhXkXFhbKViLS6bQhRgOBgKV9lMvlcOXKFe13wWAQiqLIsx2YavJBLxAImPYcJpNJ9PT0wFk4Lq0eD3vNh1gsJicdCP12ifWTG+LxeNxQdug/wWBQm0/Oc6uxoqcoCkKhkLZOoVAIXq8XU1NT8qwHSt6WcvGjKIo2n/jo48Nq/pUSjUa1cjkQCBj2TyKRMMx70KzEi57Z/pSJ3nr5PFdKpfw8ingxk0wmEQwGTbcZJmVDNXkgWMnfg6Ioirb+p0+fxsLCgjxLSeViWqh2+clkEleuXNGOxaNW7frr1TJ/rJznD4qV7TCTTqe1mPb5fKbHhZWyqJpyvCbUPdja2lIdDofqcDi0tO3tbXV5eVl1u92qw+FQY7GYYdrQ0JDqcDjU6elpQ/r4+HhRun56R0eHury8bEgXf8fv9xv+ztbWljo3N6c6HA51bm7O8JtS/H6/ur6+LidbItZva2tLnkQWDQ0NqX6/X52bm1Onp6e1+IlEIob5tre31VgspsWRma2tLdXtdht+Ozc3p7rd7rL7SMTh8vKyur6+rsXk+Pi4YT6RbjZtv6zmg14kElEdDofq9/sN6Zubm+r4+Lgai8XUWCym+v1+1eFwFB1Hsv3kgygTlpeXtWnl8nwvNjc3VbfbrU5PT6tzc3PadnV0dKjb29vafENDQ+r4+Lg6Nzdn+LjdbnVzc1Obb3p6Wo1EIur6+ro2vaOjQ5teiVgfUQ7p12F5eVn1+/1aXlWz3L2oJn6mp6e1PBSfveSfmUgkorrdbq1MHR8fV91ut2H5cpzstfytxGq8yPOb7U8hFoupc4VzjNX1tpKfhx0vsvX1dTUWi6mOEudOca4T26EvAyrFhGAlfw+Kfv23t7e1dTHbVpmVmK52+WIZc3NzlvOvlra2trTyT93D+uvVMn+2LZznD4qV7TCzublpKGtF2aYvH6yWRdWU47WwpwaAqqpqd3e36Q4SmSEXYOvr66rDpDKxvb2tut1udWhoyJAupnV3dxvSxHLM5heWl5dNGxSy5eXlouVXS+xMqt7W1lZRYJeKH0GcfM2ICrFMPhhlZiej7u5uw34VFVz5/7Wwl3zYLFTyHSYNALmiv729rTpKnNj19pMP4v/i+B4fHy9ar/2akyqqaqHAdOgaN1tbW0XbrxbyS5+XW1tbRTExPT1teb+Kckjeb4I4CYh16ejoqJj/e1VN/GxtbZUtO63mnxkRA3LZ63a7DeW+Pmbn5uYqLnevrMSLUGl/6ol55fgxYzU/DzNeyilVTiwvLxdVVEV5K5/TzVSTvwdBlJX6eBDrX66jwmpMV7N8v9+vdnd3F6UfhvX1dXVoaEgdGhoyxG816693EPmjVjjPHwSr22Gmo6OjqB45NDRkOL6tlEXVlOO1UvUQIKGlpUVOAgBtGE0+nzeke71euFwurKysGIYUtLa2wu12I5FIFF0OWVtbw8WLFw1pk5OTAIBbt24Z0vX6+vrkJFPhcLjkZaZ4PG4YXqT/6NfznXfeQSqVqnroAAF2ux2XL182pLW3t8Pj8WB3d9eQbkVbWxtQuIwn5HI5tLS0aNPMnD17Fq2trYa03d1dvPvuu9p3u92ObDaLaDRa8/Hu1eaDoiiIRCIYGxuTJwEm8f/b3/4WKMRqObXIh9nZWQBAf38/UqmUPHlfRkZGitbvwoULQGE9UVg/efsB4PPPP0dnZ6f23W63w+v1GubZ3d0tWR7oKYqCa9euYXh4uGi/6Xk8Hm1dBgcHsbGxIc9SE9XEz+LiIhKJBAKBABYWFoqGd1nNPzPr6+uASZy53W6srKwY0sSY95GREeTz+aKyvxasxAuq2J97UU1+Hla87EVfX1/REFmRV99//70hXXaQ+WvV2toaPB6PIR7E9qyururmNLIa01aXHwqFkMlksLi4CLvdrqUfJEVREI1G0dPTgydPnmB0dBQfffSRofyzuv6yWufPUbG6HbJ0Oo18Pl903nj77beRz+e1oUBWyqJqyvFa2XMDoBRRkJs1EERl/tNPP9XSFEVBNpsFTAIhFosZCsl4PK5ltpyZshs3bshJBmJZp06dkichHo9jdHQUg4ODyGaz2vhMn8+HbDZrOHBFED969EhLo/2TT45WnD17Fh6PBxMTEwiFQsjlcpiamkI4HLZc2MbjcQQCAXR2dhYdjE6nE8+fPz+08e4okQ/hcBgDAwMVjwFR8I+NjWFqaqroBF5OLfLBZrPJSQdG30gxs7a2hvPnz8vJQKEQDwaDyOfzZTsWhDt37mBnZwcolAlirGY8HpdnNTjM/BDk+Glra4PP50Mmk8Ht27dx/vx5S50X5fJPECfRt956y5DucrmAwhjYUqwen7Wij5e97s/9sJKfRxEve/Hee+/JSQZHkb96yWQSOzs7WhwKojws19CyEtNWl5/L5TA/Pw+3242bN28axoLLDfFayBXuk7x69SpQaPzfuHGj6Fizuv5mapk/R8nKdph58uQJAODkyZOGdIfDAQB4/vy5Id1MpXMXTMrxWqlpAyCdTmu9kma9k52dnWhpacGDBw+0NNHL73K58PHHH2vp6XQaNpvNUMn5+uuvAd1Okelv/hSfUjtOLKupqUmehOXlZdhsNq03pq+vDx6Pp+QNbDabDb/+9a/lZNoDRVGQz+fR398vT7Lkww8/RG9vL+bn53Hx4kVcvXrVcsU3FAphdHQUqVQKa2trhtiJRqPweDxaD/dBK5UP8XgcTU1Nlrbp6tWrmJiYQCaTQSwWs9zLWot8WFxcRE9Pj5xcc8+fP8elS5eKTmp6yWQSzc3NpvMkk0lcuHABKysryGQyhs6JUtbW1mCz2XDy5EkkEgnEYjE0NzdjdHS0ZGU6HA7jzJkzcvKBKRU/IyMj+Oijj/Ds2TNcv34du7u7GBsbK1sBKZd/Zio1TPVCoRB6e3vl5ANjFi972Z/7YSU/Dzte9iKZTMLlcple4dA77Pwtxexcb5WVmK60fFHJfPPNNzE6OopsNovr169jZWUFN2/elGffl2QyqV2hXVpaQl9fX8VtqLT+5VRaNva5/MNiZTvMNDc3y0kVmZVFslLleK3suwGgr2xfuHABmUwGw8PDpoVCa2srOjs7kc/ntdZ/LBbDuXPncPHiRezs7GjDNx49elSyh+Tly5dyElAI9IcPHwKFKxBPnz4tuswviFanWUWqqampaAgTyvTI2Gw2ZDIZOZn24JNPPsHg4GDZg6KS77//HsPDw0DhUnqpRqBsZGQET58+xfDwMHZ3d3Ht2jWt0tzX14dUKgWn04nBwUHggB9paJYPuVwOsVgMIyMjhnlLWVpaQiwWQ29vL1KplGmj3Mxe8sFut2NqakorC8RyDpKiKNjY2NDWo5TV1VX87Gc/k5OBwtBEcZWvubkZt2/fLtszmU6nsbOzA6fTibNnzwKF3utr164BuiuBfX19sNlsWn4MDg6WLIsOgln8yC5fvozJyUnk83msra3JkzXl8m8vIpEIurq64HQ6sbGxUbExWStm8WJ1f9aSWX4edbzsxcOHD/HBBx/IyQZHkb/1anNzEwDw/vvva8fl5cuXtc5Fqx00Vni9XsRiMTQ1NWlPRyzXyKfDZVYWmbFSju/HvhsA2WxW+zx8+FDrfe3p6TENOFGpFz2STU1NWsNApCuKgl//+tdFlfPXX38dAMqOLRa/cblce27NDQwMoKWlRXtEWTqdRiaTOZQezUaWTqfxxhtvmDYerVAUBf39/RgYGMDIyAjC4TBOnDiBgYEByz1Nra2tGBkZwdjYGHZ2drReG+hiPZFIaP8ehFL5cO/ePYyOjhrSKrHb7ZidnUVvby8ymcyB5kNfX5827TAqdZ988gk+/PDDisf52tpaxcusfX19CIfDQIVHmorOB/kqpKis6TsOZmdntfyQ9+VBKhU/Zs6ePQuXy4Vvv/1WnqSxkn/VEI2ubDaLpaUlefKBMYuXavZnrZTKz6OKl72IRqMYGBgoOkfLjiJ/65XICznP3G43AODFixeG9P2y2+0YGRnB48eP0dzcjKtXr5o+epIOn1lZJKumHN+rfTcA9Nrb2w2VDXFCledxuVxIJBJYXFzULlO1trZqPZWffPJJUQ8JdGOlMpmM5V7dvWhvb8fg4CAymYzWG+P3+w+8R7ORpdNpvHjxYl/BLoZviAK2vb0di4uLsNls+Pzzz6W5yxPrsZdLe/tRKh+SySQSiYTWc6rvaRc98uWOCTGcoNrtOap8qGRhYQG/+MUvyhagKAyZcrvdlnpQ7HY7PB4PfvjDH8qTNGKMaKlxq0d9mbtU/JTT0tKida7Iqsk/UT7LcSjy6ih7tEvFy2Hvz2rys17F43HY7faiiqyZw85fM16vFy0tLUXrIOJUVMDNWIlpq8uvNJ78IPOir68PS0tLOHPmDBYXFxEIBLQrnVbX30wt8+coWdkOM+KmYXmsv/hudo9pqbJIby/l+F7suQEgbuoxU6myIG4GTqVS2mVB6Cop8/PzOHfunJYu2O12XL9+HQBw9+5d0ysMVomgk3e4SFtfX8dHH32EbDaLZ8+ela387+zslBweRJWJYNfHwl787ne/K7pbvrW1FTabrSi9EhFbVk5ytVIuH9566y1EIpGiDwonlkgkUnQDk97u7i5sNlvVFY+jyIdKFhYWcO7cubIFqBCLxSrepKi3s7NjWmgLra2t8Hg8SKVShvJH/L+av1Vr5eKnFEVRsLOzY1reosr8EydR/clQURRkMplDHecvKxcvh70/q8nPehSPx9HW1ma5PDjs/C2ls7MTmUzGsA4iTsvda2E1pq0sX1QWxY2jwsuXL2Gz2Szn6X54vV7Mzs5iYmICX3/9tfYyLivrb6aW+XOUrG6HrL29HTabrahxs7GxAZvNVtRwKFcWCXspx/dMfi6oFeKZqfJzWrd0L+JyV3j5kngpgky8LKIc8Tc6Ci8JE89X3S68jMxh8mx0mXgusf5FYoJYvt/v1z5zc3NqJBIpeparWnh2cqV1JnPr6+ta/uo/4+PjRc/EVXXPEzZ7Brd4Zu544WUjqu6lcfr5/X6/4QUfc3Nz6tDQkBYLW1tband3t+nzuw9KtfkgmMW6ePGQeG73+vq62tHRUfQc73rMh3K2Cy8qk19iNVd4F4d8bG4X3jEip6uFdx74/X6t/BDLlo9jUU7M6Z6NLl7q0t3dbfitvB8Ok5X4iUQiakdHh2H/Dg0NFcWFUC7/VJP4UXUv3tvc3NTyRZ7nsFiNl2r3pzjH6GNCMIsXoVJ+HjVxXi+13ZFIRB0aGirKS/0z5c22v9r8PQgi78Xxvb6+rrqlF1GJeeT1shLTVpav6s5fokwV85mdzw6T1fXf6zFvdfmCyKfDzBcr2zFn8hJAEfNin4r3G+jnEcurVBZZKcdrqeoGgL/wBrNSH1GBL1f5Vwsv3TGbZ25uztJO3yq8yU68kEx8/H5/yWXLSr1sRbykpaOjo2j75MJBVDqtrDMZiTdPlvroDzy1UNktty/UwgGkj4nu7u6ifSNe0iGWLxoJjkLDVX5JykGrNh/0zPJBvNDKUeF4rLd8qEQ+1vUfs86E5eVl7YQjE8e4+L2/0BiQiROVXPhubm5qZaG70JlRbj8dJKvxo99mcTI2iwuhXP6pJvEjiBOpo/DCxnJ/4yBVEy9W96fZ+U+vVLyoFvLzKImKjf6jP/b1ZYr80b8EqdT2W83fg6Rfh46OjqJ13C68rXbI5EV5VmK60vIF/bLMzk9Hxcr67+eYt7J81eJ5/qBU2o6I9LZgIRaLaWWr2T61UhZZLcdr6TVVVVX5qkCjiEajePDgAR4/flyU3tbWVnT5Jl14zKn+5s+FhQWsr68f6s1sRERERER7ted7AF4FfX19OHHihOGxf8lkEhMTE0WVfxTGe4kbL1EYI/bZZ59pb7UkIiIiIqp3Dd0AAIBbt25heXlZezyiuFn0ypUriMfjyOVyyOVySCaTCAaDGBgY0H4bDofxwQcfVH1jJRERERHRUWnoIUB6CwsLePfdd2G32xGPxxGLxbShPjabDR6PB/39/VplXz8/EREREdFxwQYAEREREVEDafghQEREREREjYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQNgAICIiIiJqIGwAEBERERE1EDYAiIiIiIgaCBsAREREREQNhA0AIiIiIqIGwgYAEREREVEDYQOAiIiIiKiBsAFARERERNRA2AAgIiIiImogbAAQERERETUQNgCIiIiIiBoIGwBERERERA2EDQAiIiIiogbCBgARERERUQNhA4CIiIiIqIHUbQMgHo8jHo/LySUtLCwgmUzKyUREREREpFN1AyAQCMDpdJb9BAKBkvOGQiF5kUWCwSCam5tx9uxZeVJJly9fxpMnTxCNRuVJdMzIcSPiSejp6SmKK/HJ5XLafPF4XJv39OnTlmIPABRFQTAY1Jbp8/mqaowehFAoZNjO06dPQ1GUonlOnz5teXuj0aiW13Iey+oxT4Ry8aIoimGa/uPz+QzLCYVC8Pl8VW1fNcs/bLWKmYWFBS1fxDzycipJJpO4cuWK9reOUrl4AYB0Om2YJxAIIJ1OG+bJ5XK4cuWKYR6rHVBWln/Y4vG4to+dTieCwaClfSznQ6XfKYqCUCiklctm8XZQFEXR1vX06dNYWFiQZzFl9Xyzl+UHAoGi+Dsqe1l/IRqNavETCAQM+SJYXb6iKFqZc9isbEc5uVwOwWBQW4a+TLAaRyiUl8Fg8OCPD3UPtra2VIfDoTocDnmSGolEVL/fr31fX19XHQ6H6na71a2tLcO8Zubm5tS5uTk52TK/36/GYjE5mY6JWCymDg0NaXEwNzenbm5uatM3NzfVjo4Ow/S5uTl1aGhIHRoaMizH7Xar6+vr2neHw6GOj49r85TS3d2tjo+Pq9vb26qqi+GjiqutrS3V7/cbtldel+npabW7u1s7xra2ttSOjg51enraMJ+qqur29rba3d2tdnR0qMvLy5aOy3rLE6FSvIjySI6X7u5uNRKJaPPJ+Tc9Pa06HA51eXlZm8eM1eUftlrFTCQSMRxvHR0dqsPhMBxrlYyPj6tut7to3xyFSvGytbWlut1uw76bm5sznL+2t7fVjo4OdXx8XJ2bm1PHx8e182Gl7bOy/MMml5Xb29vq0NCQ2t3dLc9qsL29rY6Pj6vLy8vq+vq6lg+lytjNzU3V7XZr52hRlhwG/T7b3t7W1mWuQl3D6vlmL8uPRCKqw+Ew1JcOy9bWljo9Pa3F4V7WX4hEIob4Ece7fv9aXf729rZ2jJrVLw+Sle0oZ3l5WYt/sQzBahyphXOrqK/I+VNre2oAqKpasgGgFjJSz2qQi4aF1Qw3s76+XtVOo/ri9/vL7rtIJGI6fWhoyFBZkysyqq5SJx+cepubm6bziMrUURgfH69YsTArTOfm5oqOu+3tbdXtdhsq85XUY54IleKl1PrpK1yi3JEryN3d3RXLEivLPwq1ihn5GBIncofDYWn7/H6/oZFx1CrFi6iUyfTxv7y8XJS34nelKr+CleUftqGhoaJyQjTwyzGrxHd3dxctS9UtT64bHBbRONGvr9gX5WLT6vmm2uVvbm5qvzHLr4Oyvr6uVTr18Vbt+gui7JTLCXGOEapd/tzcXMX4qyWr21HKXKERX+oYthpHeo5DaABUPQTIisuXL8tJliwuLsLj8aC1tVWeVHTZVP/RD/vxer0AgE8//VT3azoOotEoUqkU+vv7MTMzU3RZDIXYkuNDURQkEgl0dnYChVjJ5/NoamoyzPfOO+8AAJ4/f25I1/vJT34CAFhdXTWk5/N5nDx50pB2GHK5HFZWVjA2NoZgMFhymMGJEyeQSCQMl99fvHgBl8tlmO/q1atwuVyYnZ0tysdS6i1PBCvxMjIyIichHo/jxIkTsNvtAID19XUAQHNzs2E+n8+HnZ0dfPXVV4Z0PSvLP2y1jJkbN25o/weA1tZW9PT0AAB2d3cN02ShUAiZTAaLi4tHlhd6VuKlra1Nm1fI5XJoaWnRpvX19aG9vV2bDt057/vvvzeky6ws/7C9+eabyGQyhmFIchyYOXv2bFEZsru7i3fffdeQpigKrl27huHh4T3XDfZrbW2tqG4h9qFcrulZOd+gyuUrioJIJIKxsTFD+kFRFAXRaBQ9PT148uQJRkdH8dFHH2l1JVS5/nqi7BTnVsHtdmNlZUX7vtflHxar22EmmUxifn4ed+/eNeSpntU4Omw1bQDs50ZcRVGwsrICt9stT0Iul8Pg4CBsNhuy2SwePnyIlpYWtLS0IJvNoq+vzzC/y+XCgwcPDGl0PPT29mJ3dxf379/HxYsXLd3Tsba2ht7eXu0Ae/nypTwLoGscbmxsyJM0ra2tGB4exsrKCq5cuaKN6RscHKzqnpRaefHiBS5duoTm5masrKxgYGAAMzMz8my4du0aMpkM+vv7kU6ntfGV+gqcqAC5XK6q7o2otzzR20u8PHnyBBcvXtS+/+53vzNMF06dOgVUaDCakZd/2GoZM6XYbLaiSrBeLpfD/Pw83G43bt68qXXWVBojftAqxcvZs2fh8XgwMTGBUCiEXC6HqakphMNhS42Y9957T04y2O/yD8Lg4KD2bzweRzKZRCwWw+LiojxrSfF4HIFAAJ2dnUWV/Dt37mBnZwcoNKqdVdxjUwvJZBI7OztFDRoRv+XOB2bk8021yw+HwxgYGCiqENZaLpfDzMwMrl69ChQ6WG/cuFEUZ9Wuv56oOL/11luGdLGsZDK5r+UfFivbUcrk5CRsNhuePHmi3eNk5b4eOY6Owr4bAPqe+Nu3b8uTLRO9bK+//ro8Caurq9jZ2UF/fz9QCBy/34+dnR3THWOz2ZDP54/0REPV6+vrw+zsLBKJBCKRCJqbmzExMVHxQIrFYoaWu+hJkwsW0eMnXxmQjYyM4Pr160gkEujq6sKpU6eKGpmHxev14saNG3j8+DFisRg8Hg/u379fdAOV1+tFJBLBN998gwsXLuDrr7/G7OysYZ4vvvgCAHDy5EksLi7i6dOn6OzsxPz8fNHyZPWUJ8Je4kVRFKytrRl6Xd544w3ApKL/4sULoESZVIrZ8g9bLWPGzMbGBq5duyYnG4gT6ptvvonR0VFks1lcv34dKysruHnzpjz7obAaLx9++CF6e3sxPz+Pixcv4urVq2UbOyhUEFwul6VjYi/LP0itra148OABTpw4gdHRUdy9excffvih5YpJKBTC6OgoUqkU1tbWis7Ja2trsNlsOHnyJBKJBGKxGJqbmzE6OlqU9wepUrlvlXy+EawsPx6Po6mp6cD3dzKZRFdXFwBgaWkJfX19FfenlfUvpdKysc/lHxYr26EnRhvYbDa8//77ePbsGSKRCDKZDMbGxsrWQUvF0WHadwMgm81qn97eXnmyZeLk63A45EnaCVickPXMLpuKtHKX7qm+eb1ehMNhtLS04NGjR/JkTS6XQyaTMfRE2+12+Hw+pFIprdKTy+W05bz99tvavKV89913GB4ehs1mw8TERFHl6SjY7XYsLS2VvML14sULnDt3Dh6PBysrK0W9rRsbG2hpadFOBq2trRgbG0NLS4vp8mT1mCeC1XhZW1uD2+02FPSdnZ2w2Wz4+OOPtcpLOp1GLBYDdD1VVpgt/yjtN2ZkyWQSNput4pWfzc1NAMD777+v9ThevnwZHo8HiUTCdPjNYaoUL99//z2Gh4eBQs+4XKmVPXz4EB988IGcXFK1yz9ou7u7OHHiBC5duqRdFbK6j0ZGRvD06VMMDw9jd3cX165d036bTqexs7MDp9OpxYzdbtcakGZ5X8/MzjdW5XI5xGIx02GDteb1ehGLxdDU1ISenh4sLCyUPa5pb0QD9t1339XOE16vF36/H/l8Hmtra9Iv/s5+4qiW9t0A0Dtz5oycVBPnzp2Dy+XCw4cPoSiKNnbK4/EUXc6iV4fdbse5c+eQz+flSZr19XXT3tZbt26ht7cXt2/fxunTp7G4uIjf/OY3QOFgLScYDOLHP/4xRkZG8OjRI/h8Pty+fbtuKry//OUvi/IkGo3iiy++wI0bN7C0tKQN2dH3tppdhm1tbYXL5Spanqze8wQW4+WLL74oGqbR2tqKO3fuwOVyYWBgAD6fD0+ePNF6dqppAJgtvx7sNWb0FEXB8+fPLV0lEMPw5LwTQzzNOnMOm1m8KIqC/v5+DAwMYGRkBOFwGCdOnMDAwEDJ3upoNIqBgYGibTWzl+UftHQ6jV/96le4desWbty4gXv37uGbb77B4OCg5Upja2srRkZGMDY2hp2dHe0KkIgDudwRwzHlmKx3pc43Vty7dw+jo6Ny8oGx2+0YGRnB48eP0dzcjKtXryIYDFpu2FFlYvio3HEtho9+++23hnRhP3FUSzVtAHi93pI3QexHa2srPvjgA7x8+RLvv/8+/viP/xg//elP8eGHH8qz0iumqamp7KXDzz77DOfPn5eT0draitnZWWSzWTx79gxjY2PY2NjApUuXyjYa0+k0VlZWcO7cOaCwnI8++gg+nw+fffaZPPuRaG5uRktLiyHtzp072iVfSEN2xEnc5XIhlUrpfvX/yMvTOw55IpSLF0VRsLGxYTpMo729HUtLS8hms0gkEjh16hTy+XzFoS565ZZ/1PYaM4KiKPj0008t915WGjtbah8dNjlexMMjRGW+vb0di4uLsNls+Pzzz7X5hHg8Drvdbqnyjz0s/zBEIhHDDZpnz55FOBxGPp/Hl19+Kc9eloh9cUO9GFMtD8cUDiMOvF4vWlpaitZBxKbZfYelmJ1vrCw/mUxqwyf1w6YBIJVKwSk9M77W+vr6sLS0hDNnzmBxcRGBQEC7B8PK+pciOtPkdRfLEnXCvS7/sFjZDjPiIRjy8FGh1PBRszg6CjVtAOxHuRvuFEXB4OAglpaW8OzZM2Sz2bJPMRG9DmbDg+h4yWQyuHDhgpwMFCqmu7u7FU++otftxIkTFW9wFLHz29/+1pDucrkqPvXksGxtbcHv9xvSdnZ2im5+Fr0SYlvEi1Xkm+92dnbK9kYchzwRysXLp59+WnY7hXQ6jWvXruHSpUtVXaK1uvyjsNeYga7yL9/cWY4Y2/rkyRND+suXL6u+qnKQ5Hj53e9+VxTTra2tsNlsRenxeBxtbW1VbUs1yz8sL1++LPrbYpvk+KhENBzF71tbW+HxeJBKpQyNSvH/w7pa1tnZiUwmY1gHUdewOnKh3Pmm0vLfeustRCKRog8K5WgkEim6AfUgeL1ezM7OYmJiAl9//bV2BbfS+pciKs76epuiKMhkMoYh4Xtd/mGxuh2yP/zDP0RLSwsSiYQhXRxPZqMNysXRoZOfC2qFeGZqqWe46olniFt5LrbZc1hV3TOExTOG/X6/Oj09rc7NzZku0+/3qx0dHXIy1THxYhDxvNzt7W11enq65DNy1cIzyss9J3dzc1N7Pq/Zc+/FM/H1z2EWzznXP7t8fX1d7e7uLvu3Dorb7Vanp6e1dYlEIqbHyNDQkOE5xFtbW0XP994uvADM7XZrzzEXLz/R543f7zek1VueqHuMl+7u7pLPaVYL2ySeV232vHKzeNGrtPzDUsuY2TJ5odjc3Jw6PT1teD62HDOq7tnfYp+sF97RchR5ZDVexPlKX14sLy8XrXckElGHpBeKzRVe7CPmM4sXq8s/TOJ57CLmt7e3tXKzXLkgtle8P2Nra0vt7u42zVO32612d3dreT8+Pl7yODoIYl+ImBWxqC+/zPaXXrnzjZXlm3Ec8nsASrG6/nIMqLpn4G9ubmr7Vp7H6vIFUXYc5jFhZTvmCu8n0K+X/gVgqu44KLVt5eJIEHXsg46NqhsAfr9fq/yLT6mVNJu33IaXKhS2CxWX7u7uouXJO0gt8YIbqm/b29uGeJFfVGKmo6PDtAGoFgpWt9tddjnbhYqt/CY+URES69LR0WFaITwM04WXlzkKDWD55CpsFyo0brdb2/bp6emiY0MUbPp8lvNwaGhI7ejoMPy2nvJE3UO8bBXecmtmvdDBIN5UKeeHUCpe1ArLP2y1ipmtwltrxbLkj/7FaWYxo+pOqmJdyu2jg1RNvKwXGrf6PNTPq89f+dOte3tuqXiptPyjECm88VmfP/JxIO9j0XBxWChrNzc3tfyX4+yw6NfBrPwqtb+Ecucb1cLyzTjK1J8Om5X1l2NA0B/nZrGjWly+qnvJrPgcZv5U2g7RYSbHeSwW046fctumWogj0cjQf+S/VyuvqaqqylcFjkoul0NXVxeePn1qGN6TTqeRTqeLLkHncjncu3cPFy5c0MZopdNpDA4O4vPPPy85RIiIiIiIqFHVzT0AKNy1fv36dYTDYS1NjP+X77JGYf4333zTMNY/EolgcnKSlX8iIiIiIhN1dQVACAaD2ouGcrkcLl68iBMnTuDixYuw2+34yU9+gq+++grPnz/HG2+8oT15QLzVsR6fwkFEREREVA/qsgGAwhMWmpub4fV6kU6n8ejRI6ytrWFnZwctLS1wu92GoT/6+YmIiIiIyFzdNgCIiIiIiKj26uoeACIiIiIiOlhsABARERERNRA2AIiIiIiIGggbAEREREREDYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQNgAICIiIiJqIGwAEBERERE1EDYAiIiIiIgaCBsAREREREQNhA0AIiIiIqIGwgYAEREREVEDYQOAiIiIiKiBsAFARERERNRA2AAgIiIiImogbAAQERERETUQNgCIiIiIiBoIGwBEJpxOJ3K5nJxMBcwfIiKi44sNACKJz+eTk0iH+UNERHS8Vd0ACAQCcDqdZT+BQED+GXK5HILBIHw+nzbflStXkEwmEY/HkUwmkUwmi5YlPj6fD8FgkL2ODSCZTKKnp0fb99XudzlGzeJRURScPn3aMF8oFAIAJBIJefYjkcvlcOXKFcN2JJNJeTZT+jw8ffq0tm3lhEIhOJ1OOblIveSPsJ98UhRF++3p06exsLAgzwJFURAMBrXl+3w+xONxeba6oygKZmZmtDj3+XyIRqPybKb2cgyK8ttq3h+VvcaL1fzU55v8qZSHh0W/HTMzM1AURZ6lpGg0WjHPcrkcZmZmcOXKFXmSgZVl1YqVY72UaDSq1V0CgUDJ/ZhMJhEMBsuWt4qiYGFhoe46Ug46f6wu/yjzx8p2mEmn09px7/P5TOPZapkaj8cN9eRgMFjV8VmNqhsAS0tLiMVi2vdsNmv4XL9+3TA/Cpna1dWF77//Hnfu3NHmHRgYwMOHDzE6OgoA8Hq9yGaz6O3tBQAMDw8jm83i6dOnuHjxIlZWVnDx4sUDyww6eul0GteuXYPH48Hw8DA8Hg9WVlYwODhoab/H43E0NTVheHhY+1y9elWeDeFwGOfOnTPM94tf/MIwTzqd1g5CswP6ICmKgsHBQfzwhz/E8PAwent7kUqlMDAwgHQ6Lc9ukE6nsbq6il/+8pe4d+8eXC4X5ufnTSsrQjqdxvz8vJyMaDSq5YFcIB9l/gj7ySdFUXD+/Hn88Ic/xNOnTxEOhxEOh4tO3v39/QCAp0+fIpvNYnJyEqOjo4ZGgL6BEAwGdb8+Ojdv3kQmk4Hf78elS5ewu7uLiYmJkideYS/HoKIomJyclJORy+W0fHHWQQV4P/FiJT/T6TR2d3cN5crw8DB8Ph98Ph/sdjtwxPFy5coVpFIpPHjwAE+fPkUqlTItI83E43F8++23SKVS8iRNLpfD1tYW1tbW8PLlS3myxsqyasXqsW5mYWEBd+7cweTkJLLZLGw2m2k9JJlMYnd3FysrK4Z0PUVR8OWXX2JzcxP5fF6efGhEA03E7kHnj9XlH2X+WNkOM+l0GhcuXMDPfvYzZLNZDA4OYmBgwHBOtFqmxuNxTE5Oauvw9OlTfP/999o5qObUPXI4HKrD4ZCTVVVV1Ugkov1/eXlZdTgc6vj4uGEevfHxcXV5eVn7HovFVIfDoc7NzRXNZ5ZOr465uTl1e3vbkDY0NKQ6HA5DjJTi9/uLfi/b2tpSh4aG5GQDh8Oh+v1+VS2sU0dHhzzLgVpeXlY3NzcNaZFIpOKxpBZ+q7e9vV32uNne3laHhobU7u7uomO6o6NDXV9fL/r/UeePsJ98EuWJPl7Eb7e2tlRVVdXNzU3V4XBo2y34/X4tP7e2trR80///KG1tbRnKYVW3LZX21V6OwfHxcW0efV6Nj49r+aT//1HZa7xYzc9IJFKUd2oh/0TeHWW8iPNxLBbT0sR2lNq3svX19aL9bMbv92tlRClWl7VfVo51M2L/TE9PG9LdbnfJeHGUKWuFubm5Q93vwvr6ujo0NKQODQ0VHacHmT/VLv+w88fqdpjp6OhQu7u7DWlDQ0OGcsFqmTo0NFR0zIhj5CBUfQXAisuXLwOF1tydO3cAAGNjY9Jc/8/Y2Bh2d3e1783NzYbpQltbGwAgk8nIk+gVMTIygtbWVkPahQsXAMAQI2ai0ShSqRT6+/sxMzNTsrdxcXERiUQCgUAACwsLJVv4ExMTQGGd8vl8yeUdhL6+PrS3txvSxHH1/fffG9JlfX19hu+//e1vAQDvvPOOIV24c+cOBgYG0NLSIk9CIpFAW1sbnE5nUY/MUeaPsJ98Wltbg8fjMcSbWNbq6ioA4Cc/+Ynhu5DP53Hy5EkAgN1uRzab1a501gO73a7lg9De3g6Px1PxOKr2GIxGozh58iRcLpc8CbOzsxgZGYHP5yvbM3pY9hovVvPz8uXLRXmnKAoSiQQ6OzuBI46XL774AgBw9uxZLa29vR0tLS2GK/uvGivHupn19XXApOx0u911Ec9WKIqCaDSKnp4ePHnyBKOjo/joo4/g9Xq1eQ46f/a6/MNidTtk6XQa+Xy+6Or422+/jXw+r10FsFqmvvnmm8hkMoarkS9evDAtW2uhpg2AhYUFw2WPtbU17OzsFO14WWtra1HhamZjYwMoZC41nnfffVdOKtLb24vd3V3cv38fFy9eNB320tbWBp/Ph0wmg9u3b+P8+fMVL/+jcOKuB++9956cZEoU/GNjY5iamiqq+KBwyfHkyZOm01C4n2JwcFC7JFpOveSPUC6fkskkdnZ2igpWkQ+irGltbcXw8DBWVlZw5coV5Ar3Mg0ODhoqUU6nE8+fPz8WlShREd0L+RjM5XJ4/vx5yfJb3FcSDoe1oZ31qly8lFMpP9fW1tDb22s4Bx5VvCQSiaKYBwCXy3UoQ3GOgtVj3YyoGL711luGdLGsoxr6aIUY5iOGdy0uLuLGjRtF5fRB589+ln9YrGyHmSdPngCA1hkkOBwOAMDz588N6Wb0Zerg4KD2r7g3NhaLYXFxUfeL2tl3A0A/vvP27duGad9++y1QaEXtRzqd1sYtulwunDt3Tp6FXmHPnz/HpUuXigouWV9fH2ZnZ5FIJBCJRNDc3IyJiYmiyv3IyAg++ugjPHv2DNevX8fu7i7GxsZKXgkIhUJ1UXlJJpNwuVxFPfylXL16FRMTE8hkMojFYkU99LlcDrFYrGTlLZfLIZVKVbzpt17yR6gmn5qamuSkIiMjI7h+/ToSiQS6urpw6tQpw7Kj0Sg8Hg9mZ2cNv6s3iqIgn8/vaTxpqWNwamqq7NXdx48fIxKJFP2unlQTL3pW8zMWixl6Fo86Xsyu9DUCK8d6KeU6MOtRMpnUri4tLS2hr6+v4jYcdP7sZ/mHxcp2mCk1aqUcszK1tbUVDx48wIkTJzA6Ooq7d+/iww8/3PN6VbLvBoD+BuBaVwLm5+fhdDpx4cIFbGxs4Pr163j8+PGBZQbVH0VRsLGxobWMrfJ6vQiHw2hpacGjR4/kyZrLly9jcnIS+Xwea2trWnokEkFXVxecTic2NjaO7GSt9/DhQ3zwwQdycknihn1xo6NcUZuamsKtW7cMaXp2ux0ej0dr4APAwMAAcrlcXeaPUG0+WfHdd99heHgYNput6MbPvr4+pFIpOJ1OLU7lS8L14JNPPsHg4GDVlfFSx+DMzAwGBgbKlsc9PT0YGBiA0+lEKpWqeDP6UdhrvFjJz1wuh0wmY7hadFzihY4vr9eLWCyGpqYm9PT0lB3qSoevVJmKwpCgEydO4NKlS8hkMujv7y/qvKuVfTcA9M6cOWP4/vrrrwP7GLM/PDyMp0+fwuVyYWdnZ0+tLDrePvnkkz23gO12O86dO1c0dl129uxZuFwu7YoVdE+kymazWFpaMsx/FKLRKAYGBkoO1SnFbrdjdnYWvb29hrGFoVAIP//5zyvm69LSkpYPiUQC2WwWdru97vJH2Gs+lRMMBvHjH/8YIyMjePToEXw+H27fvm1oBMh5VOmqyWFLp9N44403qu7lRoljUFwS148jNjMyMlKUN3tZh4Oy13ixmp/r6+umQ4TkPKm3eKHjz263Y2RkBI8fP0ZzczOuXr1a8tGTdLjMylQUypVf/epXuHXrFm7cuIF79+7hm2++KXpaUK3UtAHg9XoNJwQxtmljY2PPK9/a2orFxUW0tLRgYmKi7nqP6OAsLCzgF7/4RdFBUo2mpiZLlx5bWlq0Bmu9icfjsNvtVVdS9ETjXDSi5+fnMTo6ahjCJ8YAO3XvRDhOqsknr9eLlpaWovGnomIrhi2m02msrKxoww5bW1vx0Ucfwefz4bPPPjP8tl6l02m8ePGiYmXVTKljMBKJ4P79+4b4EY+RHRgYMH33Rr2pJl70qsnPzz77DOfPn5eTj4zP5zMd659KpeDxeOTkV4LVY92MqMPIY8DFsio1gOtFX18flpaWcObMGSwuLiIQCGiPMT7o/NnP8g+Lle0wI4b2yWP9xfdTp04Z0lGmTEWhXNXfM3v27FmEw2Hk83l8+eWX8uz7VtMGgMxut+PSpUvY2dnRngZkJp1OG3rT5CdNtLa2asM5JiYmjsVLeGh/FhYWcO7cOdODpBqZTEa7274URVGws7NTl/eWxONxtLW1VV1Jke3u7sJms2nDFSKRSNFH3PAUiUSKrubVu73kU2dnJzKZjKFzQhTcYvvFc8zFk5QEl8tVVE7VI1FZ1Q9BsarcMXj16tWi+BFDQK9fv275ufJHZS/xgirzM114J0C1f+MgiRud9RUd8f/DfiLRYbJyrJsRFUN9BU9RFGQymZoPeT4MXq8Xs7OzmJiYwNdff63Vuw46f/a6/MNidTtk7e3tsNlsRY2bjY0N2Gy2ooZDuTIVhfONfF4R5Ue5d2rs1f83afb2lgpyuRwePHgAAPj3//7f40c/+pE8i8br9SKfz2NlZQWpVAr/4B/8A+0O6Vwuh48//hhfffUV/tN/+k/ab/7iL/4CmUwGb775Jv7kT/4EKDy5xWaz4a/+6q/wV3/1V/jbv/1b/OhHPyr7t+n4URQFU1NT+L//9/8im83iyy+/1D5//ud/Dq/Xix/84AcIhUL4D//hP+Bf/+t/jd/7vd9DOp1Gd3c3/t7f+3v4yU9+gr/5m7/Bhx9+iPb2dsPJemFhAWNjY2htbYXD4UAul8N//s//GaOjo/j93/99w7octYWFBayvr+Nv/uZvDPnwX//rf0VLSwt+7/d+D4qi4N1338WTJ0/wp3/6p0DhRT///b//d/yTf/JP0NbWhmQyiT/7sz/DnTt3tEfp/t7v/V7RZ3V1Ffl8Hnfu3DlWx5WVfEomk/h3/+7f4W//9m/xR3/0RwCAf/Nv/g0++eQTfPvtt/iTP/kTJJNJ3LlzB/39/dpJ6fXXX8df/dVfYX19HW63Gz/60Y+QTCbx4MEDvP/++9qy6lEymcSf//mf4x/+w39oyJdPP/0U/+t//S+0t7ebxo+VY/D3f//3i+Lnf/7P/4lnz57hP/7H/1jX+bLXeLGSn3p/8Rd/gX/1r/5VXeXFH/zBHyCVSuGLL77Av/23/xb5fB6/+tWv8C//5b/EzZs3tfkCgQD+7M/+DH/6p3+KH/zgB4Zl/I//8T/w3/7bf8M/+2f/rOS2KYqCv/zLv8Rf//Vfmy5DsLKsWrByrJsdCz/60Y/wt3/7t/j444/hdrvx9//+38edO3fw13/915ifny/aLlE3eu2117RlmPn000+RyWS089dh+9GPfoQ/+qM/0mLWSv7AJC6s5o/V5QuHnT9Wt0OudwDAv/gX/wL/5b/8F/zTf/pP8Qd/8AdYWFjAX/7lX+LevXvaPFbK1B/84Af4P//n/2BxcRH/6B/9I618jkQiyGazuHnzZlG87Zv8YoBK/H6/6ii8BEx85BcXmFleXtZefKD/nf4lCOKFB/JH/8IK8SITs2l0/ImXUZl99C/piEQiqtvt1vb/9va2ITblF50Im5ubakdHh+pwOLSXfJi9iOSoTU9PF22/+OhfOrK9va12dHQYXmym/21HR4flbRT5d5xYzaf19XXV7XabvsxJbHdHR0fRdFX34jh9nprNV0/EyxRLfcRLaczix+oxKBMv7zE77urFXuPFan7qdXR0WDruDtv29rb2Yia3261OT08Xrb94kZGcbnb+l5mdx81ejGVlWbVU6Vg3OxaEubk51e12q47CucVsv4r413/MjgV5Hiv1p8NQKX/UMnFhJX+sLF894vyptB1yvUOIxWJavaK7u7toejVlaiQS0ZZVaj1q5TVVVVW5UUBERERERK+mA70HgIiIiIiI6gsbAEREREREDYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQNgAICIiIiJqIGwAEBERERE1EDYAiIiIiIgaCBsAREREREQNhA0AIiIiIqIGwgYAEREREVEDYQOAiIiIiKiBvKaqqqp9ee0141QiIiIiIjo2dFX7kgwNACIiIiIierVxCBARERERUQNhA4CIiIiIqIGwAUBERERE1EDYACAiIiIiaiBsABARERERNRA2AIiIiIiIGggbAEREREREDYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQPbdAAgGg3A6nUWfUCgkz1p3ksmkYZ2j0SgAGNKCwaD8s2MrGo0imUxq330+n7adgUDAMG+9kveZ0+mUZ6Eq5HI5OJ1OPHz4sChf5U+9xIizBuVLIBCAz+eTkxEIBAzbnMvltGnRaLRu8oCIDoYoE80+lcodUX68SvWGgxKNRovy1+l0Guooh0ku+w9yPUKhkOHcAl29U9RDD8OeGwCiIraysgKPx4NsNqt9PB4P5ufn4ZROoPXG6/ViampKTkYsFpOTjr1cLoeJiQlDWiKRMHyvd9FoFAMDA0BhH9lsNqAQi1S9UCiErq4uRCIRXLhwAdlsFsPDw9r03t5ewzGdSqUsnQQPgr7ht1/BYBCpVEpOhs/nK0rv6urSyrC+vj7YbLa6L9eIaO/sdjuy2ayhbiDqOCMjI4Z5Zfl8Xk4iiWhgTUxMFNUdbTYbBgYGTDtnDtrS0pLh/HdQkskk5ufnDWlHdT7ZUwMgl8tpFTGbzYalpSXD9KWlJa1y1tXVZZhGhy+Xy70S++H58+eG74lEAtlsFl6v15BOlUWjUczPz2NqaspS/i0tLcHj8QAA5ufnD7WXIplMauXNfkWjUaysrMjJiEaj6OnpMTR4hMXFRe3/s7Oz8Hg8hoYBERF056TZ2Vl5Ekl1EbO6o+iUzOfzR9IIOGilzmWi0ZnNZtHX1ydPPjB7agDoW8aDg4OGaUJPT4/2/2AwaHpZTfQk6i+96E+q+uFF+mCQlyUup1RahvMALq+YDUkRHzFcQJ8mLg2K7/re63LrKk8LBAIIhUKGNJFHYmhPIBBANBo1VP4HBgbgLNGDqV9epV5eeX30vy01TGI/+zMQCBgqbl1dXYZ1lC8nypdg5fXVpwWDwaL9GI1GDUOkzGLVLI/kbZELMXk99OtdKt/06+E06QGXt91s3+rlCleDbDZbVYWNPo7C4bBhGkzWU78e+nSnbv/o86PUlRyv14tsNotIJCJPqkoymTRcOdJra2sz9O7JV8v0RAFudvWQiBqT2ZBa+RytL6vlc4NQ6jwpVHuO0afJ58XDZqXuKHrh8/m8do6V81HUCUrlgdlvzM7X8nnfjDxPtDCU2uw35YYRhUIhQ+W/q6sLzsK2lFtPeTtqWYetugGQy+UMl8nb2toM04U33nhD+//KygrsdrthaI3H49FOuKJ3MRaLwW63A4WMXFlZQSQSQTabNbQI7XZ7UWVgcHBQ67V78eIFUDgg8/m84XLexMREyYpGteQhKfrtm5qa0lq38pAin8+H3t5eQLeuYnunpqaQzWbR29uLiYkJLRhEz6MwMTGBkZERwwE1OTkJFFrRHo8HS0tLaGtrM1zWEvkp8lkQ+1Qsb35+vmxFUl4fAFrPaSqVKqrM7nd/ypfnYrGYFj+hUAgTExPakJWpqSmsrKwY1kFeX/1Bls/ni4aDTUxMIBwOa39TDGkbGBgwpOnzSDS2xDbabDbk8/my6/H8+XMtPlKpVNHB73Q6kc/nEYvFtL+rL+zEtg8PD2v5X6l3WvRo6xvpVrS3t2v/z+fz2nEkCjDRgy5iW99gkI990UM2OzuL3t5eRCIRS1ci9iqXy2FycrKox0mQ/7b++Dh16pRhmtfrhc1mQyqVqllZQkTHm9mQ2pGREa08RKEczGazQKEMlSvk5c6T2OM5Rj7XHaVq646PHz8GTPIR0kgTWSAQwOPHjw0dR/KVa31vfLbQ+y4PzYHJUPFvv/0WkUhE+9viXOt0OmGz2ZDVDaUdGBjQpp86dco0FszqP0IwGMT8/DyGh4e1c2gt67BVNwBEhVUotRPl9FwuB7vdrmWM/uSZy+Xgdru1k240GkUqlYLNZtNOzCLQzTZ8fn4eiURCq3C0tbUhmUwin89rf0e/PvI27JXYITabDXa7HXa7XQsKudIvrKysIBwO48yZM4BuXcWBISpZotKhr2TqeyVXV1eBQjDKafqGiVyxKUXfIBPS6bTheznit2IfpFIpbb1rsT/LEQetyDORh6lUqmxreXZ2FjabzbQQmZqagt1uNxRGYriMPk0fS2Kfi4NZLLdcoStfKtYvT5wcPB4P7Ha7FjNCLpfTtl1ME39TxIIZEWv67bBCbjSKdRV/S6yLfn+JGJCPff1+aWtrsxynezU4OGh61aIUfVyaXSWxks9ERHrylUX9ucHKeXIv5xhUONcdFvlcX+q8rk/P5/NlO7PMiE7qfD6PaDRqWJ6+viTyUN9YsnIPwOPHj7G0tKR1oNntdu18trKyglwuZ1pHqPYcl0wmtVEPZ86cgd1uL+p03a+qGwD7pa/EiJPn6uqqIV2M9c7n89plDxHg8jhwFG5WROFELVpU+swuFWhHQVTmxLAGr9drqESISpZ+nUVFXB8AomUMXQCLit3z58+rDrZaMVvvWuzPUuSKJKSKqtnyoYvDRCJRVAmvhr7C7na7AV2hvF/63hLoxgmKniZ9A01cThQFxsbGhjZNL5fLaXlfq+NCNLwqbbe+gSlOZNFotKiHvdYCgQAmJyfLxpFMHJOlembEtsr7iIhoL6ycJ/dyjqnVue640HfEljvHibK7mryE7sr5yMiIdjVHf3W8mvNMOWZ1l6WlJa3eWAtVNwDkP1yqN12fbiv0kEOqxIrKyosXLwyZpm/Niksz4iP3UqPMTha/mZqaMoy90rcC90P0UItWqr5yVeqm22qDDdL6igJA9Aq88cYbhvWQW9n1oFb7cy9K9YzU6iDVEwXCmTNn4HQ6tQKm1DpUUul3cm+GPl9LDXUpdbzuhdhPojGbSCTgdDoNl1HlvydfATzoxqroDRL3vuhPquJEKxM9L1ZvkCYi2i8r58m9nGMO4ly3F/J5XT43CKXqjtUQN2Ovrq4a6mJi2dVeVdAzu3IuOuey2Sx8Pp/hSk+p7axkr7+rRtUNAEiXTEqtpL5yIo811u+QUChUtgdwPzsqWrjhBmV68vajr69P68ns6urStisWi5kOG9grfcDpr5RMTk6ivb3d8LcmJyeLhorUk/3sz73YS4NrP3w+HwYGBhCJRPZ9uc7q5V2UOQ5rSd+41F+mhu4ms+Hh4bKXUfWxGYlEik4KeyXffOU0uZnKKnGfRy2PYSJ69eRyuT2XM+WUO0/W8hxzmPSdvyhzztLXHfe6fcnCTbqpVKrkcOxaEzfrejyemjwgQn9uLJVX+7WnBoC+dVNqXK1+iIrcy6s/sc7PzxedaEUvN/YxxjaZTGrrafbYpVqZmpoq6n2ttsWqbwCJA1+/w+XLS6JiqG8d6w+Uo+y1NFvvWuzPUvR5Y9a6L9e4rLVAIIB8Pg+Px1OTfSD2aakrO/pts1rI7afCrd93+ic4hEIh7WqefKzL7Ha7NsQrlUrVrLEqLo3KvWb6nhnx0R8/2cIlXMHn82F4eNiwHVHpBXpERCg8UMGsR3gvrJwna32OOWz6ulipuqP+CvJehizldI+pL/WkIX09ykoHWyXRwmO1AaC/v1+evCf683upeNivPTUA7Lon+uSlO9ChC1IULmWZEZUAs95C/clXfxNsKBQqe1Onnjx+Sv5eC6FQqGh4gfjId/eX09fXp1X25HHzw8PDRQ0KcUVFX2CIqw9mLWa5gKpm3awSvSAiLsS9DqjR/pSJyr5dd3OpyDORhx6Pp6hxeZDk8eDy92rpCxLxhCcUKqm5XA5er9dw/4fIy2QyWXIf6wu+anoVgsGgVsmXe8fl+w3k7zJR6e/t7S2K7XL0x3A1626VKLfmC098Ep+JiYmik60o38yONyJ69YkycT+dKnpWzpPyOUX+Xu+8Xq82GsOs7qh/4pHcqSV35kWjUdPKu/zwEvm7IBoHKd0DS/SND/0TfCqR65fyd0GOlVLnaRTySpxfVlZWtE6oUChUs6tOr6mqqsqJ1QiFQoZME6ampspWvpKFRzDFdI/+lInhO4LomcuZvNiqt7fX0FqU5xkeHjas59TUFNra2oquDkQikaI0uUdQKLXtgvidvB2ewiM6ZfpKFsrkodg2Oe+cTiciJR6nGAgEtMJCzCMekyrYCk8c0Cu1PEjL1Odvqe2T86Ga/an/W4J+v0SjUcOVKfn3ct6iUMCI/BPxqNfb21v0G7M0kUfy39Dnic1mQyKRKJrHLM/122WWN/J+l/OmVP4LIm71eWS2/TI5TwU57+VjTV5fFNZ5YGCgZGzpycvXK3WMlCPiXuwTfZoZs/wU85c7Pojo+DErc8sR5ZtchvT29qKtra2ojiCX+XK5Wuo8CZPzmJVzDEqUwUdNPm8Jcn7o6X/T29uLVOFpP5DKaX0eyvPp81Ouw4n81JfrZudGuU4ozyOfA/XL08eJfgi5nv68JueT/Lf3Y98NgEZndrAJ5QL5VaAPzFJXeqg+OQvPLDZ7dvVhCAaDx/bYEBUEs4YBERFZp68Q76VDh/ZuT0OA6O8Eg0GkUqmiMcb6ccZE9Whqagr5wnOSD4O4QSoajSKXyxVdCj1OxIvUSl2VICIia/T3AkxMTBzaOYnYANiXfD6PvMmLKpKFl5DV6mYQolrr6+vD8PBwTd8qWI4Ys//tt99icXGxZjf/HjZxxa8eL6kTER034kEN4r7QiYkJ7f4rNgYOFocA7ZM8Pgu6sXivMrOhT7x8d/yUup+k1vRjJI9rnESjUcRiMQ77ISKiY48NACIiIiKiBsIhQEREREREDYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQNgAICIiIiJqIGwAEBERERE1EDYAiIiIiIgaCBsAREREREQNxPAm4Ndee804lYiIiIiIXimGBgAREREREb3aOASIiIiIiKiBsAFARERERNRA2AAgIiIiImogbAAQERERETUQNgCIiIiIiBoIGwBERERERA2EDQAiIiIiogbCBgARERERUQNhA4CIiIiIqIGwAUBERERE1ECOpAGgKApOnz6NUCgkTyoSCoVw+vRpKIoiTyopnU4jGAzi9OnT8qS6tbCwgHQ6LSeXNDMzg1wuJycTEREREZVVdQMgFArB6XQaPoFAQJ5tT3K5HJLJpJy8J99//z12dnbkZE0ymSzaDv2np6cHoVDI0PAw2/ZkMmmarm/cBAIBwzQ9RVEQCARw7tw5tLe3G6aVMzg4iHv37lXVaGgUYn/IFhYW4PP54HQ6tQaolYZlLpfDlStXtP0XDAYt/a6elMqTZDKJnp4ew7ZV07CUY7tWZcFhCgQCReutKApmZmZw+vRpOJ1O+Hw+RKNRwzylKIqCYDCo5YnP50M8Hpdnq3sHETOiQ0d/DB43tY4X6DrF9MdSveWNoihaOXj69GksLCzIs5RkZfvi8bhWPou4Om7lrF46ndaOE5/PV1Xdxqx+ov/9zMxM0XTxkeOu0rIaRTQa1eIrEAhYLrP0RF7K+WeljrDfMuIgvKaqqionVpLL5TA4OIh8Po979+7h7Nmz8ix7EgwGcebMGXi9XnlS1UKhEObn55HNZuVJBsFgECsrKxgeHsbIyAhQOHAjkQgSiQRcLhceP36szZ9MJjEwMAAAePr0KVpbW7X0a9euYWdnx5AuLCws4LPPPsPi4qJhWiAQwMDAwJ62WVEUnD9/HuFwGHa7XZ7ckNLpNC5cuAAAhn2/sLCABw8eoKenBwDw+PFj5PN5+Hw+fPTRR9p8MkVRcOfOHZw6dQptbW1YXV3FysoKent7MTs7K89el0rlSTqdxuDgIM6dO4empiZsbGwglUrBZrPh0aNHRTEsi8fjiMVicLlcWto777xTVUP2qC0sLOD27dvweDxYWlrS0q9cuYKXL1/C7Xbj5cuX+PTTT7Gzs4Pr16/j8uXLhmXIenp68NOf/hRjY2NobW3VyoxalpUH7SBiZmZmBqlUCnfu3IHdbtfOI52dnbhx44Y8e106iHhBIW8AoKmpSUv7xS9+UTY/D5M413g8HoyNjeF//+//jcHBQfj9fu28WU6l7YvH45icnMTdu3fh9XqhKApu3ryJb775xnD+PS7E8SP2fzQaxcTEBCKRiKVzfSAQgNvt1r6//vrrhjjy+Xzo7Ow05KeIu2fPnmlpsLCsRrCwsIBwOKzFVzAYxNraGj7//HPLx5g4BvL5vGE/Wq0j7LeMOBDqHvn9ftXhcMjJe7a8vKw6HA51fX1dnrQnc3NzltYvFoupDodDnZubkyepQ0NDqsPhUJeXlw3pYtu3trYM6eJvbm5uGtJVVVWnp6fVWCxmSFteXla7u7sNadWam5tT/X6/nNyQtre31aGhIbW7u7to309PTxu+b29vqx0dHab7US8Wi6nb29uGtO7u7mOT5+XyZG5urmjbSsW8Gb/fX/T742Rzc1MdHx9XHQ6HYX9ubW2pkUikaF6Hw6F2dHQY0mViPrkc8/v9pmVMPTqomHG73UV5cJzKr4OIF7Xw+6GhITm5rojt1u/7SCRSsfxULW7f0NBQURysr68Xxd9x0dHRUXRuHxoashQPy8vLRfGkF4vFTOsYkUhEHR8fN6RVWlYj2NraUh0OR1EdwO12F+VXOePj41pZpy/frdQR9ltGHJSqhwCVE41GEQgEEAqFkE6nteEBgUBAuxyiKIphPhRa/xMTEwCAgYEB7RJLOp3WLpnopdNpw+WWnp6ePQ+FaW5ulpM0omfz22+/NaT//Oc/BwA8evTIkP7OO++YpgNAJpMp6v0Lh8Pw+XyGNEF/qVz/ked/5513kEql9rz9r5I7d+5gYGAALS0t8qSiHsbW1lbtasDu7q5hmt7Zs2eLegh2d3fx7rvvGtLqVbk8GRkZKdo20etbLk9QONZTqRT6+/uP5f0oiqIgEolgbGxMngS73V7UI9Pe3g6Px1MxX37yk58AAFZXVw3p+XweJ0+eNKTVq4OKmRMnTiCRSBgujb948cJwBaleHVS8AMDi4iISiQQCgQAWFhaKhg7Ug7W1NXg8HsO+F1f65FiXWdm+N998E5lMxnAeOy6xIUun09rVZb23334b+Xy+aPiILBwOIxwO48qVK6ZDRM6ePWt6lfWzzz7T6iBCpWU1gvX1dUBXPxPcbjdWVlYMaaVEo1GcPHnSNB6t1BH2W0YclJo1ABRFQVNTE1KpFDKZDB49eoSBgQEMDw8jlUrh008/BQD89re/1eYTzp49i0gkAgCIRCLIZrPwer14+fIlfvOb3xSN5ReF8NOnTxGLxbC7u4tf/epXhnlq4cWLF0Dhkpne2bNnYbPZtG0SPv/8c9hsNqytrRkKuXg8brgEJ9Ly+TxOnTplSEfhcunHH3+McDiMbDaL3t5eAMD169eRSCQM84qCwKzR0Uji8ThOnjxpWjCWY7PZLP8mHo8jEAigs7Oz6GCuR3vNEwCWGji9vb3Y3d3F/fv3cfHixWN1ggmHwxgYGCgquCvp7OyUkwxaW1sxPDyMlZUVXLlyBblcDsFgEIODg0UdAPXoIGPm2rVryGQy6O/vRzqd1saQy43zenRQ8QIAbW1t8Pl8yGQyuH37Ns6fP19XHTrJZBI7OztFlR8RIxsbG4Z0mZXtGxwc1P6Nx+NIJpOIxWJYXFw0zHccPHnyBACKGvwOhwMA8Pz5c0O6Xi6XQ09PD1wuFxKJBCYmJgwdqKXkcjns7u4aypi9LutVIxoAb731liFdxHOlBlkul8Pz588tnfP3UkewUkYclJo1AFpbW7Xge/PNNzE7Owuv16uND/zd734HFFpCVk+EXq+3qNBBoXX19ttvo7W1FXa7HZ2dnchkMvJse6YoChYWFrCysgKXy4Vz587Js6Cnpwc7OzuGSk8qldLuA9A3DmKxGM6cOaN9B4Cvv/4akMZECvfv30dnZ6dWwIpxZCKQZTabDb/+9a/l5IaRy+UQi8UsH3DCxsYGrl27JiebCoVCGB0dRSqVwtraWsVC46jtNU+eP3+OS5cuVbynpK+vD7Ozs0gkEohEImhubsbExETRib0exeNxNDU1VVXJVRQF+Xwe/f398qQiIyMjWmO9q6sLp06dQl9fnzxb3TnomPF6vYhEIvjmm29w4cIFfP3118fiPprDiJePPvoIz549w/Xr17G7u4uxsbG6q6iZnaussLJ9ra2tePDgAU6cOIHR0VHcvXsXH374YdUNrnpSbnRBKXa7HSMjI1haWsLTp09x6dIlpFIp3Lx5U57VYHV1tagiuddlvar2GktTU1OmV/5k1dYRqikjDkrNGgB6ZgVFpV6Cajx79gyXL19GMplEMBjE/fv35VmqNj8/rw2z+eM//mPcvn0bLpcLH3zwgWngiAr9gwcPgEIr0uPxaFcHRLoYGiGfHEV+mJ1UWlpakM/n5WTYbDY5CSik17IBdNxMTU3h1q1bcnJZyWQSNpvNcmN0ZGQET58+xfDwMHZ3d3Ht2rW6HvaylzxRFAUbGxtab5xVXq8X4XAYLS0tdX8lSlRyrdy4qPfJJ59gcHCw6Dgu5bvvvsPw8DBsNhsmJiaqemLKUTmMmHnx4gXOnTsHj8eDlZUV06dl1JPDihfh8uXLmJycRD6fx9ramjz52Cu3fbu7uzhx4gQuXbqkXSmq5zL2oLW2tuLGjRu4dOkSEolE2bx4/Pgx3n//fTlZU82y6P+ZmZmxfOWv2jrCXsuIWjqQBsBBy+VyCAQCuHv3Lk6dOoXh4WF5lqoNDw8jm80im83i6dOnmJqawu7uLi5cuGA6tMFut2uXNdPpNFZXV7UDsLOzUxvrt7q6ivfee0/+eVljY2NIpVJaC1L8ffkqAv1dq/vnP/+5pQNUUBQFz58/r7r3sbW1FSMjIxgbG8POzk7JKzJHbS95gkKBtNdeN7vdjnPnzpk2XOvJvXv3MDo6KieXlU6n8cYbb1juxQ8Gg/jxj3+MkZERPHr0CD6fD7dv367rRsBhxEw0GsUXX3yBGzduYGlpSRsqVc89kocRL7KzZ8/C5XIV3Xv2qjDbvnQ6jV/96le4desWbty4gXv37uGbb77B4OBgXTcQD4NoXIshyTJx1dWsM1FWaVn0/4j6l5WnNglW6wj7LSNq5dg1ABRFwcWLF2Gz2fD48eMDycDW1lb09fUhHA4DACYmJkwLoa6uLqBw30I+n9cOwPPnzwOFy3KJRKLqdezr60Nvby8ikQicTifC4TDu3btXVSA2ivn5eYyOjhpulBb3lzhNnjWtKAo+/fTTqnv09MT+3Msl3sNQbZ6g8Ji0/T52sKmpyfTqX71IJpPasBx93qAwfM9p8nzndDqNFy9eWD6G0+k0VlZWtGGDra2t+Oijj+Dz+fDZZ5/Js9eNw4iZO3fuaGUmpKFSZuXrUTuMeCmlpaWl6N6zo+L1etHS0lJ0FV9su3x/mxXy9kUiEcNNxmfPnkU4HEY+n8eXX36p+2X9EzebymP9xXez+/7KEXlSqmz9/PPPcfHiRTnZVKVlvYrEvUnysSriuVS9KhKJ4P79+4Zjf35+Hig8rEZ+F4heuTpCrcqIWjh2DYCvvvoKOzs7NesNL3cH9j/+x/9YTjIQw33ESUKw2+3aJW6Px2P4jSAKTTkoUeiNa2trw9LSErLZLBKJRNmhKjs7OyWHB73qIpFI0UfcNxKJRAxxIir/1Y5xlonKipUel6Mg50e5PEGhInfu3DnLFblSMpmM9kSYevTWW28V5Uuk8PABl8uFSCRiuFFMFNTljj3Zy5cvgcLDDvRcLlfZsuaoyXlyEDGzs7Oj5Y8gboyU86seHEa8mFEUBTs7O6b3nh0VcZ+dvqEmKrRybFRitn0vX74sOj5E+SrHTL1rb2+HzWYrajBtbGzAZrOVrHCWkk6n4fF4Sp5vPv3004o34AuVlvUqEnmjb5ApioJMJqM9YMXM1atXi459/QNZrl69Kv9EU6qOUKsyombk54JaoX+Guv7Z9uK5pvrnn25vb6sOh8PwTFwxn/7ZwCJNPGdaPGdVPHdVPPdWzCee37q+vq49lz8Wi2nrI/+uFPF8Y/n51LFYTHsOtvz8WD3xLGT5ObDivQalnpEsnnEsvxtALTwz3O12q36/X/X7/erQ0JA6NzdX8jnb+vwg83dUbG1tac9i13+mp6cNeSfyXuzPubk5dWhoSNtPW1tband3d8l9Ua/M8mR7e1sdHx9Xp6eni/JF/4z/ucL7LcQxubm5qbrdbjUSiajb29vq9va2Oj09fezyRHBIZZaqK1fkfBkfHzc8z1mOF1E2dnd3a8f++vq62t3dXVTG1LtaxoxaKJPdbreWJp4PL+d9vatlvEQiEbWjo8NQvgwNDVU8bx227e1tw3PT19fXTd/rsNftE+dRkVfb29vq3NycYVnHiTi/izJRbJ/+eBB5qo8lcTyI/FlfX1eHhoZK5kEsFiuKRaHaZb3KRCxtbm5qZZgcW2ZllsxsnjmLdQSrZcRhqroBIDJA//H7/VrA6z9W0vTBKyrjosItTkD636qFlzo5Ci9QWF9f117mVep3ciGl6g7Qch+/31+0E2UimGTbhZfplNPR0WG6bsvLy2pHR4fqdruL1kmeXzSIygVtoxH7X9ja2jLNS/HRN8KGCi9rEQXD8vKy9lu3260ODQ0dy7yW80QtvKxEzgvx0Td6I5GIoeK2vb1tOMaOa54IDqkcEuVJqY/+pCHHi6qr5Ij5Ozo6jqyA349axoxaiJvp6WnD8TQ9PX3sKiSOGsbL5uam1pkmKtilOo2O2ubmphYTpWJ6P9snGgsi34aGhkrOexzEYjFte7q7u4vKyO1CZ4G+nqA/34j6QbnjY3x8vGQdpdplvepEI6BUbJmVWTKzBoCVOkI1ZcRhek1VVVW+KkCHIxqN4sGDB0WvOp+ZmcHg4GDR5fV4PI7l5WXDK+gXFhawvr5uSCMiIiIiKuXY3QPwKunr68OJEycQj8e1tFAohEwmU1T5B4A//MM/NIz1VxQFn332mfYWZSIiIiKiSv6/ycnJSTmRDs8f/dEf4e7du/jn//yfo62tDWtra1hdXdXefvz6669rjxpdXl7G2NgYfvCDHwAAPvzwQ1y+fBl/8Ad/IC2ViIiIiMgchwDViYWFBbz77ruw2+1YWFjAZ599pr3cy+VywefzGR65p5+fiIiIiMgqNgCIiIiIiBoI7wEgIiIiImogbAAQERERETUQNgCIiIiIiBoIGwBERERERA2EDQAiIiIiogbCBgARERERUQNhA4CIiIiIqIGwAUBERERE1EDYACAiIiIiaiBsABARERERNRA2AIiIiIiIGggbAEREREREDYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQNgAICIiIiJqIGwAEBERERE1EDYAiIiIiIgaCBsARFRz0WgUgUBATiYAgUAA0WhUTm54jBlzjBciOggH3gBIJpNwOp1IJpPypH1RFAXRaBQ9PT0IhULy5GMjHo8jHo/LySUtLCzUPC+JaimZTGJiYkJOJgDBYBCpVEpObniMGXOMFyI6KFU3AAKBAJxOZ9nPYfXiNDU1IZPJyMkGoVCoaP3kdZV7V8y2sVS6vjIuL7eSYDCI5uZmnD17Vp5U0uXLl/HkyZOidW4kiqJgYWEBPp9PnqQR051OJ3w+X8lGlqIoOH36tGHfmTUoc7kcZmZmcOXKFXlSXbC6fnIMm8VpNBrV8i4QCCCXyxmmK4qCmZkZLd98Pp8hHr1eL6ampgy/OUqiZ9lKwzmZTOLKlSvatunF43EtX5xOJ4LBIBRFMcwjCwQChjyenZ2Fx+MxzHNUahUziqIgGAxq08sdb3J5fPr0aSiKUlcxk0wmEQwGTcsBWbl4EdPLLUs+lgKBANLptDa9XuIlHo8b9pv+EwwG5dkrxoyZvRxf9SydTqOnpwfOwjFhpfwR9DExMzNjmg9Wlp9MJrV5Tp8+XTIOG0Gl81opiqLgypUrWh4uLCzIswAW6yXxeLyu9kfVDYClpSXEYjHtezabNXyuX79umN/r9SKbzcLr9RrS96u1tdVSxXlkZARPnz6Fy+UCAEQiEW1d7927h52dHUxMTGBmZkb7zdLSEoaHhwEALpcL2WxWSxfbJ9L125XNZuHz+dDb24ulpSUt3UwoFEJbW9ue8uXGjRuIxWIlT7KvMkVR8OWXX2JzcxP5fF6eDBQO9O+++w6Tk5NapWJ0dNT0gA+Hwzh37hyGh4e1zy9+8QvDPLlcDltbW1hbW8PLly8N0wT9yc6sID5IVtYPhcKnqanJsK1Xr141zLOwsIA7d+5gcnIS2WwWNpsNFy9eNJyAbt68iUwmA7/fj0uXLmF3dxcTExOmBaOoGJYrFA9SPB7Ht99+a6kXNRgM4tq1a3C5XAiHw9pxj8JyJicntXx5+vQpvv/+e/T39xuWobewsFD274p4OYqTQC1jRuTB06dPkc1mMTk5idHR0aLyKZfLYWNjw7CsyclJtLa2GuY7yphJJpPY3d3FysqKPKlIuXiBxWWFw2H8+Mc/xt27dzE8PIxMJoOxsTF5NuCI4yUWi6G3t9ew74aHh9HS0oLz588b5rUSM7K9HF/1LJ1O48KFC/jZz36GbDaLwcFBDAwMWDo3XLlyBalUCg8ePMDTp0+RSqWK8s/K8tPpNFZXV/HLX/4S9+7dg8vlwvz8fEN2Hlo5r5lRFAXnz5/HD3/4Qzx9+hThcBjhcLjoGLRSLxExfu3aNa2cnJ+fN21AHxp1jxwOh+pwOORkVVVVNRKJyEkHxuFwqHNzc3JykenpadXhcKjr6+uG9O3tbbWjo0N1OBzq1taWId3tdqsdHR2G+VVVVf1+v+p2u+VkVVVVtbu7W93e3paTDba2tlSHw1FxvnLW19dVt9u9r2UcZ3NzcyXjb3l52fA9FouZ7vutrS11aGjIkFaO3+9X/X6/nKzOzc2p4+PjRf8/bKXWT/D7/WXjRcTl9PS0Id3tdmvbtLW1VXR8b25uqg6Hw3CsLC8vqw6HQ9sXHR0dlo7Tg7C+vm66//X8fr/a3d1tKAP0hoaGivJWLNfM5uamOj4+rjocjqLf+f1+7XdiGaX+7kHbb8yIfS/nrd/vL9rf4+Pj6ubmpiFNr55iptJ5pVK86JVa1tbWVlG+ifOU3lHHy9bWVlGZqhb2fanzY7mYMVPt8VXvOjo61O7ubkPa0NCQaX7piWMgFotpaeIY0+8DK8uX99n29nbJWHyVWTmvlSLKcH08RyKRksdguXpJR0dH0TqUqpcelqqvAFhx+fJloNDjIy6JiJapuOx8+vRpoNATfvr0aZw+fbqoZRoKhbRLNqdPnzb00lerqalJTgIKVxJsNhsA4MWLF4b0c+fOIZ/PF/Vkvfvuu9jZ2Sla31wuh5/+9KdFPVqyxcVFeDwe0/nS6XTR5VPxkYdZAMCnn36q+zUBQF9fn+H7y5cvYbPZ8NZbbxnSFxcXkUgkEAgEsLCwULE3oJSRkRHMzs4iEAhgfn5enlwXotEoUqkU+vv7MTMzY3o1ZH19HQDwzjvvGNLdbrfWi2m327XjW2hvb4fH48Hu7q4h3ePxaPticHAQGxsbhun1IhQKIZPJYHFxEXa7XZ4MAHjzzTeRyWQMwzNevHihXVnUUxQFkUikZE8uAO3KlNfrhcfjMSy3XliJmZ/85CcAgNXVVUN6Pp/HyZMnte+5XA4rKysYGxtDMBgs2RN6HGLGSrxYYbfbi64A7+7uml75OMp4sdvtRWUqAHz++efo7Ow0pFmJGTPVHF/1Lp1OI5/PF+3Ht99+G/l8vmTsA8AXX3wBAIbRDe3t7WhpadFGXlhdvrzPfvvb3wIm5furzsp5rZS1tbWiulp7eztgUuaVI/aZXA8V6/T8+XND+mGpaQNAvkF1d3cXv/vd7wyXRHZ3d/Gb3/wGOzs7mJmZwRtvvIG7d++iubkZd+7c0eaLRqOYn5/XLtn4/X7cv3+/qDJeC2L95J0jLm3qhzwBwGeffQabzVaU/ujRI5w5c8aQJlMUBSsrK3C73fIk5HI5DA4OwmazIZvN4uHDh2hpaUFLSwuy2WzRAe1yufDgwQNDGv0/uVwOoVAIDx48wJ07d4oaXG1tbfD5fMhkMrh9+zbOnz+/pxNrNBqF0+nEwMAAhgtDx+pRb28vdnd3cf/+fVy8eLGoASsKSrmhJE7C5U5cAIoqAzLR0K4nuVwO8/PzcLvduHnzptbYlscfDw4Oav/G43Ekk0nEYjEsLi7qlvZ3wuEwBgYGiuKtnLa2NjmpLlSKmdbWVgwPD2NlZQVXrlxBLpdDMBjE4OCgoRLz4sULXLp0Cc3NzVhZWcHAwIClDp16ixmr8VKtdDqNYDCIfD6PW7duyZOL1EO8rK2tFQ3/gYWYMVPN8VXvnjx5AgCGBjAAOBwOoEJlL5FImDZ6XC6XNpyw2uUrhQemjI2NYWpqSqvANoq9nteSySR2dnaK9ofIv2o6J0oNsxQdANUsq5b23QDQ91Dfvn3bMK29vR2nTp0qShMZOjg4iL6+Pni9XvT09GBnZ0ebb3d3Fy0tLVoGiXHZX3/9tTbPfomTVT6fR29vb9GBYbfb4fF4kEgktJ6MXC6HEydOoLOzE6lUylBhTKVSRT06sq+++goA8Prrr8uTsLq6ip2dHW3cY3t7O/x+P3Z2dkyD1GazIZ/P7+vE8yrr6urC/Pw8MpkMPv/886J8GhkZwUcffYRnz57h+vXr2N3dxdjYWNF8lcRiMUxNTVXc90epr68Ps7OzSCQSiEQiaG5uxsTEhGmDp5qKKwonmHw+X3a8bjgcrtg4Pgri5PDmm29idHQU2cJ9TCsrK7h586Y2X2trKx48eIATJ05gdHQUd+/exYcffliUV2L8s1yWlJJMJpHP5+sydqzGzMjICK5fv45EIoGuri6cOnWqqLPC6/Xixo0bePz4MWKxGDweD+7fv29634hQjzFjNV6qkUwmceHCBaysrCCTyZS9qlsv8ZJMJtHc3Fx0BcRqzMisHl/HSXNzs5xkSUtLi5xkyuryr169iomJCWQyGcRiMctXZV41e40luWN4L0SDXa7oi31Ri7+xF/tuAGR1NwD39vbKk8sy2yGionv58mU8e/ZMu7ParKdhLwYGBrQGS1dXF1ZWVuDz+Uperu/q6gIKvfsoVNK7urq09RHp0WgUP/vZz3S/NCda56K1ricaBfqhSIJZj49IE40KMspms4hEIlplIxwOy7NoLl++jMnJSeTzeaytrcmTy+rq6sLExAScTiceP36MlZWVopuE6onX60U4HEZLS4sWv/vxySefYHBw0FAZ6Ovrg81m0461wcHBI6+0mNnc3AQAvP/++9r6X758uajhj0KnxIkTJ3Dp0iVkMhn09/cbpudyOcRiMYyMjGhpZpaWlrR4GRgYQCKRkGepO5Vi5rvvvsPw8DBsNlvJG8IFu92OpaWloiuYxyFmqokXq7yFB2VMTU2hubkZt2/fNlzprsd4WV1drXi+qxQzskrHF+2NeHBLb28vUqlUyboOHRy73Q6fz4dUKqWVjblcTjsu3n77bekXh2PfDQC9WvfWLCws4P3338d3331XtvJWDf1TgGKxGIaHh7GxsYH333/ftJeir68PLS0tWq9MIpHA2bNnYbfb4XK5sLa2BkVREIvF8O6778o/r8q5c+fgcrnw8OFDKIoCRVGQSCTg8XiKelrIGq/Xi6WlJdhstrI9ayiMu3S5XPj222/lSWX19fVpMZVIJJDNZitWAo+a3W7X7nHZj3Q6jTfeeKOoxxeFRxiKfDGbXg/EpVm5x14M0RON8XQ6jV/96le4desWbty4gXv37uGbb77B4OCgdsXo3r17GB0dNSynFH3HyXFRKmaCwSB+/OMfY2RkBI8ePYLP58Pt27fLNgIA4Je//GXRsuo9ZqzGy1709fVp5zl5eGm9xcva2pql812pmJFZOb5o7+x2O2ZnZ9Hb21t0rwUdjlu3bqG3txe3b9/G6dOnsbi4iN/85jdA4b7So1DTBoDX661Zj00oFNIeuXTjxo0DqQDb7XaMjIxgbGwMOzs7+NWvfiXPAhQq5js7OwgGg4ZnMl+8eBE7Ozv45JNP0NTUtO91bG1txQcffICXL1/i/fffxx//8R/jpz/9KT788EN5VqpST0+PpUumLS0tpsOzXkVNTU2GS4+iEJKHm4nLlvKxnU6n8eLFi7qsqFlVaRyoyB9xJUlctTx79izC4TDy+Ty+/PJLJJNJbQiMflgkCkMDnUfweNiDIMdMOp3GysoKzp07BxTKsI8++gg+nw+fffaZ7pfFmpubLQ93qBdW42WvxLDTH/7wh/KkuhGPx+F2uy2f7+SYMVPp+DpOSt3YKb7Lw6L1RC+xLJVKaXWP/SxfdNJaORe+Kqo9rwlerxctLS1Fw3bEcszu4yyntbVV6+B49uwZxsbGsLGxgUuXLlk+lmqtpg2AWtrY2IDL5SrqadmrUjdhwEKhLYb7rKysGIYidXZ2oqWlBfPz89pQoUrEwSkfvCiMpR4cHMTS0hKePXuGbDaL2dlZ06FS0G2T2fAgMnr58qWh8WZGURTs7OxolZlXXSaTwYULF7TvoqDUx6aiKMhkMkXD+0Tl38q7OOqZOJmKG+sE8eQoUf68fPmy6ClH+mlvvfUWIpFI0QeFSmMkEim6Ce04kmNGlEHiCSOCy+Uqyi/Z1tYW/H6/nFzXrMbLfuzs7JStxB21WCyG9957T04uSY4ZM5WOr+Okvb0dNputqOK4sbEBm81WssIJQMtXfWVV/F/UMfaz/N3dXdhstiOrcB6Fas5rss7OTmQyGcNVKLGc/Yx4URQF/f39OHHiBG7cuCFPPjR7agDI417L2draMvyLQoEAKcjFQS4KgabCW37T6bR2HwAKl1jF+GpxGUssrxRFUUxb1Urh7vjJyUmgcEnajBi/5XK5DAdOa2srOjs7YbPZLFeExMFpVqh99dVX2NnZQU9Pj/YG0ZmZGYRCIdN8zmQyDXcwC+JSu9yqz+VyCAQChjwTL2TSj30Uj6cVY21zuRxu3ryJDz74wLTBJRoHcmFQL8qtXzqd1t5gqBSGls3MzOC9994znCzsdjuGh4fx8ccfa8edeDKXPu+SySQ+/PBDfP311wiFQtonGAxWHPZxFESsmDW6vV4vent7cf/+fe1pJclkEp9++qlWLqBwEllZWdG2T1EUhEIhtLS0oLOzE62trdoVUP0HhatKXq/XNK6OUi1i5q233oLNZsPY2Jh2vImrIT09Pdp84jHO+mPyu+++q8uhcmId5QoWqogXodyy4vE4AoU30Ys8DgaD+OlPf1q3V9UURcHGxobpE7+sxkwymYRTeqFZpePruJmcnEQqldJiRJyD9DGiFN5Cr39Lcl9fHzweD+7evQtFUZDL5XD37l3D43FhcflXrlxBMBjU6knJZBJ37941PG2xEVg9r4UKbynX1ynEdDF/MpnExx9/jOHhYdN6V6l6iZBOpxEKhfD+++/jpz/96dE/5Up+MUAl4qUk+o/8Ag9BvBRBfObm5op+XypNvGTEUXiBw/b2ttrd3a12dHSom5ub2ktC9B8z8jrIH7fbrQ4NDVV8EUMsFit6sYZaeFlJtS/WGB8fN80zsY3d3d2m6ym/XMXtdlf9t18Fct7o83J7e9sQT93d3erc3FxR3unjS7wQxOzFHqruhTT6Tz3le6X1k/OkUrzPzc2pbrdbm1efL+KlaqU+cj4fNblscZQpJ8Q2d3d3m+ZPJBLRYsYsb8w4ypSPR6mWMSNeqCfm7ejoKHpZnHjhjchfs7K0HpidL8y220q8VFqWvgxyFOKkXvNFWF5eLvnyJKsxs154iaUcI3s5vupZLBbTtscsRrYLLyGVX0a5vb2tvYDK7XZr9R9ZpeXrj7mOjo6y57hGUO68phbiz+12F+Xj5uamFtdmZZugP87F8SxPt1rfPCyvqaqqyo0COli5XA5dXV14+vSpoVcwnU4jnU4XvWgpl8vh3r17uHDhgtaTkk6nMTg4iM8//7zuehaJiIiIqH7taQgQ7Y/dbsf169cNTzZSCuP/zR4Parfb8eabbxrG+kciEUxOTrLyT0RERERV4RWAIxQMBrWX5uRyOVy8eBEnTpzAxYsXYbfb8ZOf/ARfffUVnj9/bnjUohj3V6/jRImIiIiofrEBcMTi8Tiam5vh9XqRTqfx6NEjrK2tYWdnBy0tLXC73YahP/r5iYiIiIiqxQYAEREREVED4T0AREREREQNhA0AIiIiIqIGwgYAEREREVEDYQOAiIiIiKiBsAFARERERNRA2AAgIiIiImogbAAQERERETUQNgCIiIiIiBoIGwBERERERA2EDQAiIiIiogbCBgARERERUQNhA4CIiIiIqIGwAUBERERE1EDYACAiIiIiaiBsABARERERNRA2AIiIiIiIGggbAEREREREDYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIgOVCgUQjAYlJMbViAQQDQalZMbXjQaRSAQkJMbHuOFiA4CGwAFCwsLSKfTcnJJMzMzyOVycjIR6USjUczPz8vJDSsYDCKVSsnJDS+ZTGJiYkJObniMFyI6KFU3AAKBAJxOp+nn9OnTuHLlCpLJpOE38nyil0dOdzqd2m+SyaQhPRQK6ZYI5HI5zMzMwOfzafP09PRgYWEBuVyuaP5SFEVBIBDAuXPn0N7eLk8uaXBwEPfu3auq0UC1oSgKFhYW4PP55EkaMd3pdMLn8yEej8uzABaXhUKD7/Tp03A6nZiZmYGiKPIsh87qugvimJKPT71kMokrV65o2yqrNh/6+vowPDwsJx8q0bNcbruFStsvlMvLcvtldnYWHo9HTj4Sogy9cuWKPMlALvMr9dIHAoGieRRFMcSOz+cz9Gp7vV5MTU0ZfnNUkskkgsFg2XOIoijatpido+LxuGGa/iNfDUun0+jp6dHyRR9T9RIv1WwP9hAz1S7/OCi3XyuxUs5aWX4ymdTmOX36dNmYftVFo1GtThAIBCx34CqKgitXrmh5uLCwIM8CVCj3hXg8Xlf7o+oGwNLSEmKxmPY9m80im83i6dOnGBsbw8bGBgYGBgwVrqdPn2qZcunSJSwtLWnpvb29Wno2m9V+4/V68fTpU9hsNkxNTWFkZESbFo1GcfHiRWQyGVy7dk1bhzt37uB3v/sdurq6tHkruXr1KgYGBtDa2ipPKqu1tRW3bt3C2NiY5UCi/VMUBV9++SU2NzeRz+flyUAhPr777jtMTk5qlYrR0dGi/WRlWQBw5coVpFIpPHjwAE+fPkUqlcLVq1cN8+hPWGYFca1ZXXdBURRMTk7KyQbBYBDXrl2Dy+VCOBw2HI+oQT6ISkGlykAtxeNxfPvtt5Z6USttv1AuL6vZLyKfjuIkkMvlsLW1hbW1Nbx8+VKerInH42hqasLw8LD2kfe53sLCgmle37x5E5lMBn6/H5cuXcLu7i4mJiZMT6bBYFCr1By2ZDKJ3d1drKysyJMMwuEwzp07Z8iXX/ziF9r0WCyG3t5ew/Th4WG0tLTg/Pnz2nzpdBoXLlzAz372M2SzWQwODmJgYKDo2MERx4vV7cEeYgZVLv84qGa/yqyUs1aWn06nsbq6il/+8pe4d+8eXC4X5ufnG3I42cLCAu7cuYPJyUlks1nYbDZcvHjRtGGlpygKzp8/jx/+8Id4+vQpwuEwwuFw0TFopdyPx+OYnJzU6qyTk5OYn58/2gauukfd3d2qw+GQk9XNzU3V4XCoHR0dhvT19XXV4XCo4+PjhvTt7W3V7XarQ0NDhnQxrbu725AmlmM2v7C8vKxOT0/LyUWWl5eLll+tubk51e/3y8l0wObm5kzjTy3sV71YLKY6HA51fX3dkC5UWpbD4VBjsZiWJmJc/J25uTktrvX/Pwzl1l1vfHxcHRoaKpkPfr9f7e7uVre2tuRJqrrPfBDrKP6u/jeHQZQZZtstVNp+vUp5qVbYL36/X5sm1s3K3z0Ifr+/bPnl9/vV7e1tOdnU5uamOj4+rjocDsMyt7a21EgkUjSvQzpPiBgTsdHR0aHOzc3pfnV4HA5Hyb+9tbVV9vyztbVlGt+bm5tF58WOjo6ic9DQ0JBhvqOOl2q2R60yZtQ9LP84sLJfzVgpZ1WLy5fzdHt7u2xcv6q2trZUh8NRVCd0u90Vz9WiPNPHcyQSKXkMliv3Ozo6itZhenpadZQ5jxy0qq8ACC0tLXISAGjDaORWkNfrhcvlwsrKiqHV1draCrfbjUQiUdRDu7a2hosXLxrSRM/brVu3DOl6fX19cpKpcDhcspcpHo8bhhfpP/r1fOedd5BKpTgUqI7I+//ly5ew2Wx46623DOlWfPHFFwCAs2fPamnt7e1oaWnRroSNjIxgdnYWgUCgLse7R6NRnDx5Ei6XS54EFG7SzWQyWFxchN1ulycDNciH3t5eeL1eAMDw8DCeP39umH6UrGy/UCkvrRJXprxeLzweT12WH9FoFKlUCv39/RXveVIUBZFIBGNjY/Ik2O12XL582ZDW3t4Oj8eD3d1dQ7rH49GO38HBQWxsbBim14PFxUUkEgkEAgEsLCwU9SLa7faiMggAPv/8c3R2dmrf0+k08vl80Tno7bffRj6fN/TmHmW8WN0eVBkzQjXLPw6q2a8yK+Ws1eXLefrb3/4WKNRZGsn6+jpgst1ut7vilb61tTV4PB7DCBFRx11dXdXNWZ7YZ01NTYZ0sU5HdT7ccwOgFHHAmzUQRGX+008/1dIURdEutcsZGovFDAVAPB7XAr/SkJ0bN27ISQZiWadOnZInIR6PY3R0FIODg8hms1rh6/P5kM1mDZUEEQyPHj3S0qg+iHtBHjx4gDt37lSMGTOJRMK0sudyubShDtFoFE6nEwMDAxg+4vHuslwuh+fPnxdVwIRcLof5+Xm43W7cvHlTa+QGg0FDxabW+dDW1iYnHQmr2y/mLZeX+1Ev+SHr7e3F7u4u7t+/j4sXL5YcPhAOh/c0lLJSBc9ms8lJR66trQ0+nw+ZTAa3b9/G+fPnLVXI19bWDMNZnjx5AgA4efKkbi7A4XAAFSoF9RAv8vYIVmOmklLLr3f72a9Wytlql68oCqLRKMbGxjA1NVXVvY6vAtEAkDsART6XapAlk0ns7OwU7Q+Rf9V0TpQaZik6xapZVi3VtAGQTqe1HiCznqDOzk60tLTgwYMHWpro5Xe5XPj444+19HQ6DZvNZjihfP3114Bux8nkG4+cJuOQBbEsuUUGAMvLy7DZbFoLuq+vDx6PB4lEQp4VKJykfv3rX8vJdMS6urowPz+PTCaDzz//vKhCZ5VZY1YvFothampKO5jrydTUlOmxKIjC8c0338To6Ciy2SyuX7+OlZUV3Lx50zBvrfJhfn4eZ86ckZOPRDXbXykv9yKZTCKfz1fMs6PQ19eH2dlZJBIJRCIRNDc3Y2JioqiyK8Z8V1OxUBQF+Xwe/f398iRNOByumzjRGxkZwUcffYRnz57h+vXr2N3dxdjYWNnyJZlMorm52fQKU3Nzs5xUUr3ES6ntsRozlZRa/nFSzX7Vq1TOClaXf/XqVUxMTCCTySAWi1m6KvMqqrZzQjCrI1ZLNNjlir7YF7X4G3ux7waAvrJ94cIFZDIZDA8PF11+QmEHdHZ2Ip/PazcJx2IxnDt3DhcvXsTOzo7WW/Do0aOSrf9SramlpSU8fPgQKBxET58+LVlQih1hdtJqamoqGsKEMr1RNpsNmUxGTqYjls1mEYlE4PF4cP/+fYTDYXmWmujq6sLExAScTiceP36MlZWVopuEjsLMzEzFXtnNzU0AwPvvv6+dbC9fvqw1eKs5WZTKh5GREeTzea2ciEQidXNit7r9VvLSqqWlJS2fBgYGSnYs1BOv14twOIyWlhbD1c5cLodYLGZ4SIMVn3zyCQYHBw1x0NfXB5vNpsXJ4OBgyfK7Xly+fBmTk5PI5/NYW1uTJ2tWV1fxs5/9TE62pB7jxcr2lIoZK6wsn6wRD27p7e1FKpWqeScGVWa32+Hz+ZBKpbQHH+RyOe24ePvtt6VfHI59NwDEE3iy2SwePnyI3t5ezM/Po6enx7RHRFTqRUu0qalJaxiIdEVR8Otf/7qocv76668DgOlTJgTxG5fLteeT9cDAAFpaWrRKXDqdRiaTQU9Pjzwr1Tmv14ulpSXYbDbD0LNa6uvr046BRCKBbDZbdYWo1sSVr0oVKNGYlo81t9sNAHjx4oUhvZxy+bC0tKRNq7ROh8nK9lvNy2roy83jwm6349y5c4bOkXv37mF0dNQwXyXpdBpvvPGGaSfR7Oysli9m0+vR2bNn4XK58O2338qTNGtra3j33XflZMvqLV6sbo9ZzFhhdflkjd1ux+zsLHp7e5HJZKq+IkP7d+vWLfT29uL27ds4ffo0FhcX8Zvf/AYAjizW990A0GtvbzcEmVmPa3t7O1wuFxKJBBYXF7VHdra2tmot1E8++cS09S8yKZPJlBzaUwvt7e0YHBxEJpPReqL8fv+RV+po73p6eixfMtUTrXZZKpWqi+dzlxKJRHD//n3DFTpxY+7AwID2KM5K4yDFpcnjmg+VWNl+q3nZCJqamrSYSCaTSCQS6OrqMuQNCnHhNBmCmU6n8eLFi2NTubeqpaVF66CSxeNxuN3uoqtepW4AFN/N7k+rB6W2pxR9zFhR7fLrzX72q5Vydj/LF0Pq9nIuPK5EvVEui8QokFIdO16vFy0tLUXDdsRyRCeRVa2trVoHx7Nnz7TH5l+6dOnIYn3PDYCdnR05SVMpuMTNwKlUynC3uwjO+fl5nDt3TksX7HY7rl+/DgC4e/eu6RUGq8TOk4NCpK2vr+Ojjz7Sdla5yv/Ozk7J4UFUH16+fLmniup7770HSHEi/l/N+yYO29WrVxGJRAwf8c6N69eva8+VFicTcWOZIJ6cJHrGj2s+VGJl+63mZSPIZDK4cOECULipTs6XSCQCFBpWkUjEcOOdqPzry/xXgaIo2NnZMT1noXBVWxw/eu3t7bDZbEUVjI2NDdhstpIVk6NWantK0ceMFdUuv97sZ79aKWf3s/zd3V3YbLYjq3AeBdEA0DeYFEVBJpPRyvFSOjs7kclkDHVNsZz93J+kKAr6+/tx4sSJig+sOVDyc0GtEM9VlZ93urW1pT0H1e12mz4nVXC73UXPRFULz0qt9GxW8Tc6OjrU5eVl7Rmt29vb2nN0yz3bWtU9T1n/vF1BLF88I9vv96tzc3NqJBIxfb6xw+T9BnSwxPN55efnbm1taftLxF8kElG7u7tN951aZlmCeEb89va2urW1pXZ3d1eMr8NSad315OfxC2IZ4rnR6+vrqtvtLpqvnvOhHFEmlHr+tdXt1yuVl0I1++WoiPesuN3uomNjc3NTdbvdWpm3vb2tTk9PFz1b3IxZ+bu+vq4dl/rP+Ph40TsCjpo4v8nboBbKko6ODu28Id4JsLm5Kc+qqrr33Mj5K4jzkMhX8Yzxeo2bcttjNWbENpsdj+WWf5xY2a9iW+U4s1LOWln+0NCQOj4+rsXm+vq62tHRUTJWX2Vzc3Oq2+1WNzc31e3tbXV8fLwozszKdLGPRP1OnBvMYle1UO5vbm5q6zI+Pn7kcV51A8BfeClJqY+owJer/KuFFyCYzTM3N1cy8/S2trbU6elp7YVk4uP3+0suW1bqRTPiBSQdHR1F2ycfiOIlHVbWmWqj3D7Z3t42xGh3d7c6NzdX8kArtyxBFBiOQsN2enq65PIOk5V11zMr4PTT3G63lmdm89RrPpRjVl6ZsbL9euXyUv57lfbLURAVCP1HXxbKx9HQ0JDptpqRt1m8iK/Up55iSOxX/Ue/3eLc4CgcA5XOdcvLy1rloZRYLKYt00rsHaVy22M1ZkQlyqzhV275x02l/bq9va12dHQUvVTOajlbafniJVOOKuplrzJ9GT80NFSUF5FIRHWbdPxsbm5qcd3R0WEat6qFcl/sz1LHxVF4TVVVVb4q0Cii0SgePHiAx48fF6W3tbUVXUoTjznVP4VhYWEB6+vrWFpaMsxLRERERFSP9nwPwKugr68PJ06c0B5JisJ4u4mJiaLKPwpj78RNbiiM4/rss88wMTFhmI+IiIiIqF41dAMAhUczLS8va4/FEq+mv3LlCuLxOHK5HHK5HJLJJILBIAYGBrTfhsNhfPDBBw11Qw0RERERHW8NPQRIb2FhAe+++y7sdjvi8ThisZg21Mdms8Hj8aC/v1+r7OvnJyIiIiI6LtgAICIiIiJqIA0/BIiIiIiIqJGwAUBERERE1EDYACAiIiIiaiBsABARERERNRA2AIiIiIiIGggbAEREREREDYQNACIiIiKiBsIGABERERFRA2EDgIiIiIiogbABQERERETUQNgAICIiIiJqIGwAEBERERE1EDYAiIiIiIgaCBsAREREREQNhA0AIiIiIqIGwgYAEREREVEDYQOAiIiIiKiBsAFARERERNRA2AAgIiIiImogbAAQERERETWQum0AxONxxONxObmkhYUFJJNJOZmIiIiIiHSqbgAEAgE4nc6yn0AgUHLeUCgkL7JIMBhEc3Mzzp49K08q6fLly3jy5Ami0ag8iV5RyWQSPT09cDqdOH36tKXYCoVCcDqdcrK2HLNPLpfT5ovH41X/zcOUy+Vw5coVbd2DwSAURZFnA3R5IT6nT582zCsvKxAIlGxk53I5zMzM4MqVK/KkurGwsACfzwen0wmfz2epg6FUvOhFo1GtrBNlnxAKhar+m4dN3s/lYkZIJpNwOp2m8VDtNpfLv6NUTbzI5zp5O6yWVel0WpvP5/OZ5u9RqlRmYJ/bkEwmEQwGS+bPcbLffNDns9PkWLOyfKtx1wii0ah2PAcCAcN53QpFURAKhbT8LJeXgUCgqAxAof4g1sFpsaw9UOoebG1tqQ6HQ3U4HPIkNRKJqH6/X/u+vr6uOhwO1e12q1tbW4Z5zczNzalzc3NysmV+v1+NxWJyMr1iNjc31fHxcTUWi6mxWEz1+/2qw+FQl5eX5Vk1m5ubpnG7ubmpdnR0aLEnPkNDQ+rQ0JA2XywWU91ut7q+vq59dzgc6vj4uG5pR2d7e1sdHx9Xl5eX1fX1dXV8fLzk+m1tbal+v9+wvfrjZnt7W+3o6FDHx8fVubk5bVkOh0Pd3NwsWlYsFlM7OjoMx349WV5eVqenp9X19XV1eXlZ7ejoUB0OR9kyqVS8CNvb22p3d7fa0dGhLi8vFy1renpa7e7u1tKnp6crxuhhqyZmBBEbDodDOxaEara5Uv4dpWriJRaLqUNDQ4ZjSX+MWC2rRLxFIhFVLayDWR4flUplhrrPbVhfX9fK1P3UAerBfvJBLdRj9PksliNYWb7VuGsEkUjEcO4eHx9X3W63ur29Lc9qanNzU3W73Vr9stzvIpGI6nA4is6Fcv1he3tbHRoaUru7uw3zHaY9NQBUVVUdZU6McrCaZYYZ0bAol7mVrK+vV7Vj6XiSC7Ht7e2yJw79wSbHbSQSMY2XoaEhw9/p6OhQp6enDfOICo7Vgv0gmRVM3d3dpsfe+Ph4UUVeb3l5uWi6KNhKVQ79fr/p36oHcryIikap/VYuXsR0t9utjo+PF+W5qivL5ApSd3d3XZVP1cSMMD4+rg4NDRXlXzXbXCn/jlo18eL3+8tug7ysUmVVR0dHUWVgaGhI7ejoMKQdlUplhlqjbTDLm+NmP/mwvLxcVIeSWVm+1bh71YlyST53i/KnkvVCJ3alfaLqGl0Okzrv0NBQUZpY9lGpegiQFZcvX5aTLFlcXITH40Fra6s8Cel0uugyq/joh/14vV4AwKeffqr7Nb1q+vr6DN9/+9vfAgDeeecdQ7pw584dDAwMoKWlRZ6Ey5cvF8WcoihIJBLo7OwECvGXz+fR1NRkmE/8vefPnxvSj8LZs2eLtmN3dxfvvvuuIS2Xy2FlZQVjY2MIBoOml477+vrQ3t5uSBPH9ffff29IPw7keHn58iVsNhveeustQ7pQLl4A4OrVq3C5XJidnS3KcwBYX18HADQ3NxvSfT4fdnZ28NVXXxnSj4rVmBGi0ShOnjwJl8slT6pqmyvl31GzGi/RaBSpVAr9/f2YmZkxHVYgL8usrBLli8/n080JvP3228jn86bH6GGyUmbU+zYclv3mQzgcRjgcxpUrV0yHNFtdvpW4awSiXJK32+12Y2VlxZAmUxQF165dw/DwcMV6raIoiEQiGBsbkycBAN58801kMhmk02kt7cWLF6Zl6WGpaQNgPzfiKoqClZUVuN1ueRJyuRwGBwdhs9mQzWbx8OFDtLS0oKWlBdlstijQXS4XHjx4YEijV5OiKIhGoxgbG8PU1FRRpRWFcXcnT540nVbK2toaent7tcrJy5cv5VkAXYNzY2NDnnSk4vE4AoEAOjs7iwquFy9e4NKlS2hubsbKygoGBgYwMzNjmKec9957T046NnK5HEKhEB48eIA7d+6YVj4rxYuo9LlcrpLja3/3u98ZfiOcOnUKqJMGo6xczKCQd8+fPzedhiq22Ur+1Qsr8dLb24vd3V3cv38fFy9eNK20oUJZ9eTJEwDAyZMndb8AHA4HUAfxYqXMqPdtOCz7yYdcLoeenh64XC4kEglMTEwgEAgYxolXu/xycdcIRANAbryLine5OuudO3ews7MDFDoyxP0WZvcDhcNhDAwMmJYRADA4OKj9G4/HkUwmEYvFsLi4KM96aPbdAND3xN++fVuebJnoHXr99dflSVhdXcXOzg76+/sBAO3t7fD7/djZ2THdeTabDfl8/mhvrqBDcfXqVUxMTCCTySAWixX1wOVyOcRisZKVllJisZihx6CtrQ0wqeiLvydfGThKoVAIo6OjSKVSWFtbKzpGvF4vbty4gcePHyMWi8Hj8eD+/ftYWFgwzCdLJpNwuVxFDe7jpKurC/Pz88hkMvj888+Lyggr8fLFF18AhRPw4uIinj59is7OTszPz2t5+MYbbwAmJ+MXL14AJcq5o1QpZgBgamqqZO8WqthmK/lXLyrFS19fH2ZnZ5FIJBCJRNDc3IyJiQlDL59QqayCydWTelFNmVGv23DY9pIPdrsdIyMjWFpawtOnT3Hp0iWkUincvHlTntXy8q3EXSMoVTEvZ21tDTabDSdPnkQikUAsFkNzczNGR0cNx3g8HkdTU1PZxlVraysePHiAEydOYHR0FHfv3sWHH364p/WqlX03ALLZrPbp7e2VJ1smThqiFasnThziRKInKmZmafVymZ0OztLSEmKxGHp7e5FKpYoqKFNTU7h165YhrZJcLodMJmN4CpXdbofP50MqldJOerlcDo8ePQIKl1/rxcjICJ4+fYrh4WHs7u7i2rVrJQt9u92OpaUlS1fNHj58iA8++EBOPlay2SwikYhWgQmHw4bpVuJlY2MDLS0t6OvrQ2trK1pbWzE2NoaWlhYtDzs7O2Gz2fDxxx9rlel0Oo1YLAYUOjHqSaWYmZmZKdu7hSq22Ur+1YtK8aLn9XoRDofR0tKilQt6lcqq46KaMoP2rrW1FTdu3MClS5eQSCRKluGVvCpxd9jS6TR2dnbgdDq1uoDdbse1a9cAQDvGRafRyMiI4fdmdnd3ceLECVy6dAmZTAb9/f173q+1sO8GgN6ZM2fkpJo4d+4cXC4XHj58CEVRtPHZHo8Hdrtdnp0ajN1ux+zsLHp7ew1j7EKhEH7+85+XrbSYWV9f18b+6926dQu9vb24ffs2Tp8+jcXFRfzmN78BgJJjpo9Ka2srRkZGMDY2hp2dHe0yaCm//OUvkc/n5WRNNBrFwMBA3VVc98Lr9WJpaQk2m81wr5DVeNnZ2Skat9na2gqXy6XlYWtrK+7cuQOXy4WBgQH4fD48efIE+XweNputLvOxVMyIyrwY7laK1W22kn/1pFS8mLHb7Th37lzJ7ShVVh1HlcoMqg0xdMSsA9SqVynuDosY9iuXVaIcFLF/7949jI6OGuYxk06n8atf/Qq3bt3CjRs3cO/ePXzzzTcYHBwsurJ4WGraAPB6vRVPEnvR2tqKDz74AC9fvsT777+PP/7jP8ZPf/pTfPjhh/Ks1MBEA1RcGp2fn8fo6KhhmFoqlQIKQ9dKjTn+7LPPcP78eTkZra2tmJ2dRTabxbNnzzA2NoaNjQ1cunSpbhuiYrhOpcvFzc3NJW94jcfjsNvtdVlp3Y+enh5DvliNF5fLpaXL9HnY3t6OpaUlZLNZJBIJnDp1Cvl8XutBqldyzEQiEdy/f9+QL/Pz8wCAgYEBw/OurWyz1fyrN3K8lNLU1FRxSKBcVpV6mID4Lu6jqCdymXEct+Eg1DofRIeEiKn9LF+Ou0YgOufkYY1iOG+pOqu4Z0Ae9is0NTUhmUwikUigq6vLUD4CQCqVglP3/gZxJVHsz7NnzyIcDiOfz+PLL780LPuw1LQBsB/yjWJ6iqJgcHAQS0tLePbsGbLZbNmnR4iWm9nwIHp17e7uwmazaZXxSCRS9BGt+UgkYnrFKp1OY3d3t2JlV1EU9Pf348SJE7hx44Y8uW6InoVK27O1tQW/3y8nIx6Po62treLvj6OXL1/C4/Fo3+VYKRUv4ukb8o1gOzs7pleOUIira9eu4dKlS1W94PAoyDFz9erVonwRwz2vX7+Oq1evGn4vlNrmveRfPZDjpZRMJoMLFy7IyQZyWdXe3g6bzVZU2djY2IDNZitZSTlKcplxHLfhINQ6H9LpNDwej3Y87mf5ctw1AtEA0NctFUVBJpMpO2y9tbUVHo8HqVTK0EMv/v/ee+/hrbfeKiobI5EIUOjoiEQiWkPi5cuX2N3d1ZYDXRlb6iEjB05+LqgV+heBmb0YRU+8sMLKi8DMntWq6p6VKp5P7ff71enpaXVubs50mX6/39Lzdun4+v/bu7uYNrLzf+Df1V9Vq93gXMT6KYnTbl9im0Yrtcsab29igrNbNS9LYC9CYTG9AMfADQ0QgRRB2RS6kRYSuFha7ziVmixZyF6QqJDVqsIbJkJqHBh6tbVxpPai3mTFSKtAsjeVdv4XP5/5zRyP7bF5M/j5SFbImfHYfuY5Z+bM22lpadE9l3pubk6prKzM+pxqNhhKOiyv0llcXFRGRkYK8hnmI8nBy9hz2JeXl5WqqqqU50G7XC5lYGBArTuCIBjWO0EQUgY4Yp/BPw99JTmoE/+890KgHcBI+5urqqqyflejfNH+VpZvbKAZfnlzmsG1zDxHequZzRneyMiIku65+Nl+cy7x2w5m84UNDsTGEVlZWVEGBgZSYme2rWLbOfZ+Nu6GUYy3mtk2w8xvYPMYtbNs34J/XvpOYyYObCwM7W9lz4rX5kpLS0tKvTCzfLN5VwzYNntxcVFZSQ5+yLc3Rm0aq+Os7rP3ZstPoxxm64i1iSsrK+r34tfvVsm5A8A2iNoX/0MZo3mNKj2TLrBsg1GVHJRH+zIKnsvlyvg5ZOdjA3A5HA6lMjlirVFnkGe0Q6dVWVmZdjks34x2gAvBxMSE4nK5sn5PbezS7exp5+Ff/AA0bGOkfRVS/VtZWdG1RVVVVcrIyEhKu2EkXb6wDQFbZktLiy5vWExyyc3tYDZneEYby1x+c7b4bSez+cLPly52ubRV08kRtdnnGi1vO5hpM5hsv2EuOVgn3zlkOaV98e/dSbLFYSU5onaLZrR5bX2sTI5Oz+cdk235ueRdMWA726yu8rFgByH4OC4uLqr13JXsCKdbJ4wjzX6xIAjqOkv3PbbSC4qiKPxZge0Sj8dx+vRpzM/P6y7vkSQJkiSlPJovHo/jypUrqKurU097SZKEQCCATz/9NO0lQoQQQgghhBSrgrkHAMk71S9cuKB71Bq7/t/o8aB2ux2HDh3SXesvCAL6+/tp558QQgghhBADBXUGgOnp6cGrr76K2tpaxONx1NfX4+DBg6ivr4fdbscPfvADfPHFF1haWsL+/fvVp1awERh38kBFhBBCCCGEbKaC7AAg+YSIkpISeDweSJKEW7duYXZ2Fqurq7BYLHC5XLpLf7TzE0IIIYQQQowVbAeAEEIIIYQQsvEK6h4AQgghhBBCyOaiDgAhhBBCCCFFhDoAhBBCCCGEFBHqABBCCCGEEFJEqANACCGEEEJIEaEOACGEEEIIIUWEOgCEEEIIIYQUEeoAEEIIIYQQUkSoA0AIIYQQQkgRoQ4AIYQQQgghRYQ6AIQQQgghhBQR6gAQQgghhBBSRKgDQAghhBBCSBGhDgAhhBBCCCFFhDoAhBBCCCGEFBHqABBCCCGEEFJEqANACCGEEEJIEaEOACGEEEIIIUWEOgCEEEIIIYQUEeoAEJInp9OJeDzOF5Mkig8hhBBSmKgDQEgevF4vX0Q0KD6EEEJI4cq5A+Dz+eB0OjO+fD4f/zbE43H09PTA6/Wq87W2tkIURczMzEAURYiimLIs9vJ6vejp6aEjigQAIIoizpw5o+ZHPrnB56QoirrpsiyjvLxcl4ejo6MAgHA4rJt3u8TjcbS2turqHv87zGC/lf0+3uTkZE7LLpT4MOuNkyiK6OnpSRsfJGMYCoV2VOdHlmUMDg6qee71ejE5OcnPZijXOijLMkZHR9X3ZIrldss3X3KJZ6b2pRDJsqzGpLy8HKFQiJ8lrWx1I5e47RSSJKm57vV6TeUPo43F4OAgZFnmZ8l5+dna+N1ucnJS3db7fL6MbZWW2bzPluOMmW3JVsm5A3Djxg1MT0+r/4/FYrrXhQsXdPMjGfjTp0/j6dOnGBoaUuf1+/34+OOP0dHRAQDweDyIxWKoqakBALS1tSEWi2F+fh719fWYmppCfX29YWUgxUOSJHR2dsLtdqOtrQ1utxtTU1MIBAKmc4PlJAD09/cjFovB4/Ho5gkGg6iurkZbW5v6euedd3TzSJKkbryzNcAbTZZlBAIB7N27F21tbaipqUEkEoHf74ckSfzsGfX29mJ1dZUvBgDMzMzgyZMniEQi/CQgGUsWA77x2874MOuNkyiKWFtbw9TUFD9JJcsyHjx4gMXFRSQSCX4yAKCnp0eNRU9PDz95W/T29iIajaKhoQGNjY1YW1tDX19f2o0ck2sdlCQJJ06cwMLCAs6dO4f5+Xm0t7cDyZ1tFhdnAVw2tp58ySWe2dqXQsoXWZZx9uxZ7N27F/Pz8wgGgwgGg6Z2YszUjVzithNIkoS6ujq89dZbiMViCAQC8Pv9ptrA1tZWRCIR3Lx5E/Pz84hEIjh//rxunnyWn6mN3+1CoRCGhobUbb3NZjO1L2k2783kOExuS7aUkieHw6E4HA6+WFEURREEQf17YmJCcTgcSnd3t24ere7ubmViYkL9//T0tOJwOJSRkZGU+YzKSXEZGRlRVlZWdGUtLS2Kw+HQ5VE6IyMjisvlUubm5vhJquXlZaWlpYUv1nE4HEpDQ4OiJJdZWVnJz7KpJiYmlMXFRV2ZIAhZ6xtPEISsdWtubk5xOByGMausrFTLtX9vd3yYjYpTpvgwIyMjhu3i8vKyWq79ezstLy/r2mpFUZTFxUXF4XBkXVe51EGWO/xnMd3d3WpctX9vl3zzJZd4ZmtfCi1fWPugXecsJsvLy7p508lUN8zGbaeorKxUqqqqdGUtLS1Zfw/bX5qenlbLWCy09SrX5Ztp43crVn8GBgZ05S6XK2N9VvLI+3Q5ziuU9ZDzGQAzmpubgWSvaGhoCADQ1dXFzfV/urq6sLa2pv6/pKREN505cOAAACAajfKTSBFpb2+H1WrVldXV1QGALo+MiKKIsbExDA8Ppxzx17p27RrC4TB8Ph9CoVDaIwV9fX1A8jslEoktPXpZW1uLsrIyXRmre0+fPtWVpyNJEh49eoSTJ0/yk0wLh8M4cOAAnE5nytGP7YwPsxFxWi+73Y5YLKY787Td7Ha7GgemrKwMbrc7az0yWwdlWUZnZyfa2tpSPou5fPky2tvb4fV6C+LIWL75kks8s7UvhZYvs7OzcLvdunXOYnT37l3NnLnLJW47gSRJSCQSKWdDX3vtNSQSiYxH6e/duwcAOHXqlFpWVlYGi8WiXnmR6/I3oo3fyebm5gAAR48e1ZW7XK6s7c1m5n0h2NAOQCgU0iXf7OwsVldXUwLIs1qtKQ2AkYWFBSCZ6IQYqaio4It0+vv7YbPZcP/+ffUaS5/Pl3Jq/8CBA/B6vYhGo3j//fdx9uzZlHmM2O12vmhbHDt2jC8yJAhCxs65GT6fD4FAQD21mkmhxIcxG6eN4HQ6sbS0pLuEslAdP36cLzJNWweHhobUyw7Y9bderxczMzPqPKOjo3A6nQgGg+rln4Uq33zh42mmfSmUfBFFEaurqygtLdWVsx0htl3eDHzcdoL79+8DAA4fPqwrdzgcAIClpSVduVY4HE6JMwCUlpaql2DmuvyNaON3MtYBOHLkiK6cxZnvMDHbmfdbZd0dAO21m++//75u2pMnT4BkT2s9JElSr4srLS1FdXU1PwspcktLS2hsbMy4g8mOnNhsNpw4cQIPHz6EIAiIRqPo6urSHYVrb2/HH//4Rzx8+BAXLlzA2tpayjxao6OjBbHzIooiSktLUVtby09KMTg4iLq6uoyd82zi8TgikUjWm34LJT5MLnHaCJOTk3C73bh8+TI/qaDIsoxEIoGmpiZ+UlZGdXB2dhY2mw2HDx9GOBzG9PQ0SkpK0NHRoe7w3rlzB4IgZKy72y3ffEkXz2ztSyHmy549e/iiTZMubjtJuisZsrFYLHyRITPL34g2frfINwZbmfdbbd0dAO0NwBu9gR8bG4PT6URdXR0WFhZw4cIF3LlzJ+8VSXYnWZaxsLCAQCDAT9JhOxwVFRVqL97j8aChoQGJRAKzs7PcO/5Xc3Mz+vv7U+YRBAGnT5+G0+nEwsJCQWysP/74Y/zud7/ji1PMzMxgz549GS+DMsNut8PtdqsHAQDA7/cjHo8XZHwYs3HaKLW1tYhEInA6nWqe8qfwC8H4+DgCgUDOO+NGdVCSJKyursLpdKqXNNjtdnR2dgIAbt26BQA4c+YM/H4/nE4nIpEIxsbGCu4JMPnmi5l4GrUvOyVfNouZuJHMNqqNJ7vXujsAWvw1Zi+99BKwjmv229raMD8/j9LSUqyurprq8ZLiMz4+jqtXr2btGD5//hzQnCplXn31VUBzxsrIqVOnUFpaqpuHPbUqFovhxo0buvm3w+TkJPx+f8r1yzxZljExMaE+hWW9bty4ocYhHA4jFovBbrcXXHwYs3HaaHyMsp012WqSJGH//v05H+VGmjr47NkzQHOqnWE7JOx+kfb29pTY5PMdNku++ZJLPI3aFz4mhZYvmyWXuBFjG93Gk91pQzsAHo9H19tk14IuLCykvXQiG6vVimvXrsFisaCvr6/gjgyR7RUKhfDOO+9k3fmH5ppJ/hpJhnVY07FYLFnn2S4zMzOw2+2mdlLGx8fVo4vs5ff7Ac1Zt90qlzgVE0mS8Pjx47x2utLVQXbNbbprZXfCqfV88yWfeBZq++LxeGCxWFLWI7t2er2X+GrlE7dCw2425bcz7P/sgJMRr9dr+LjlSCQCt9sNmFx+MbfxPLYfyl/rz/I53RmSrcz77bKhHQCe3W5HY2MjVldX1acBGZEkSfe8X/7Of6vVimAwqHYCtDeQkeIVCoVQXV2dsuORzuuvvw6LxZJyJI3lW6YbiGVZxurqakHefzIzM4MDBw6Y3kk5efIkBEHQvdj4HTU1NRAEgX/LrpBrnIoF2+nSPnnErEx10Gq1wu12IxKJ6A4Asb/zvaF2q+SbL/nEs5DbFyRvxo1Go7r1yHY4+TP/+conboWorKwMNpstZcdxYWEBNpst7Q4nNHVCu7PK/mZPgzKz/GJt442w7bq2wyTLMqLRaNbL1rci77fT/+vv7+/nC7OJx+O4efMmAOBXv/oV9u3bx8+i8ng8SCQSmJqaQiQSwXe/+131Eox4PI6PPvoIX3zxBX7729+q7/nzn/+MaDSKQ4cO4Y033gCST02w2Wz47LPP8Nlnn+Hbb7/Fvn37Mn422Z1kWcalS5fw3//+F7FYDA8ePFBfH3zwATweD1588UWMjo7iN7/5DX72s5/h5Zdfxosvvoi9e/fik08+QSKRwBtvvIF4PI733nsPZ8+eVSt0KBRCV1cXrFYrHA4H4vE4/vCHP6CjowM/+clP+K+zrUKhEObm5vDNN9/o4vCXv/wFFosFL7/8MmRZRkVFBe7fv4+3334b+/btw8svv6x7PXv2DH/961/h9XoNj779/e9/x+eff47vf//7+MUvfsFPLnhm4iSKIn75y1/i22+/TfmNrM174YUX8Pbbb+umad2+fRvRaFTNuUIniiI++OADfO9739PF5fbt2/j3v/+NsrKylPxBDnXwhz/8If72t7/h888/x5tvvolvvvkGQ0NDsFgs6O3t5b9Owcg3X8zEcye1L8zPf/5zjI+P48mTJ3jjjTcgiiKGhobQ1NSk2xHy+Xx477338Pbbb+PFF1/ULSNT3TATt53kRz/6Ef70pz/hf/7nf/DKK68gFArhk08+wZUrV9TfblSvXnnlFUQiEdy7dw9vvvkmEokE3n33Xfz4xz/W1Zdsy8+njd+t9u3bh2+//RYfffQRXC4XvvOd72BoaAj/+te/MDY2puYpv7+AHPKeyZTjjNltyZbgBwbIpqGhQXEkBwFjLzbYTyYTExPqQDHa92kHt2ADxvAv7eBDbKAMo2mkOFRVVaXkCHtpB/sQBMFwwK/p6WmlsrJScSQHmjEahIZNZ4OFGA36sd0GBgZSfj97aQeJWVlZUSorKzMOPMTqntHgJEZ1ficxG6e5uTnF5XKl5AMb3EX74nNK0QyOyF5m2sXtxAZcTPdig98Y5Y/ZOqgk6xPLIZfLpQwMDKQMIlZI8s0Xs/HcKe0LT7sejdpNRTMYFb9++Vho64bZuO002u1MVVVVSpthVK9YORuAKlN9ybZ8XqY2vhiwAUAdDofS0tKSUufS7S+YyXslS44zZrclW+UFRVEUvlNACCGEEEII2Z029R4AQgghhBBCSGGhDgAhhBBCCCFFhDoAhBBCCCGEFBHqABBCCCGEEFJEqANACCGEEEJIEaEOACGEEEIIIUWEOgCEEEIIIYQUEeoAEEIIIYQQUkSoA0AIIYQQQkgRoQ4AIYQQQgghRYQ6AIQQQgghhBQR6gAQQgghhBBSRKgDQAghhBBCSBGhDgAhhBBCCCFFhDoAhBBCCCGEFBHqABBCCCGEEFJEqANACCGEEEJIEaEOACGEEEIIIUWEOgCEEEIIIYQUEeoAEEIIIYQQUkSoA0AIIYQQQkgRoQ4AIYQQQgghRYQ6AIQQQgghhBQR6gAQQrZEPB6H0+nki4vW5OQkfD4fX0w0KGf+D+ULIWQj7bgOwMzMDHp6erZ0ozA6Oory8nLIssxP2jSyLKO8vByjo6P8pJxtR8wI4Z0+fZovKlqiKKKvr48vJhzKmf9F+UII2Wg5dwB8Ph+cTmfKq7y8HK2trZAkiX/LhnI4HPjnP//JF2+YeDwOURT54h1ts2O2VURRRE9PT8ZOkSzLCIVC8Hq9/CSVJEm6PPb5fKbz1szyN5uZOGj5fL6sRw7z7XCKoojW1laUl5dn7WBOT0/zRZvGzHqamZmB1+tV86CnpydjJz8ej6Onp0d9T6Z2QpZlDA4OqnHxer2YnJxUp3s8Hly6dEn3ns2US85kWqeiKOLMmTNqm29meUjGrrW11XSsma3KGTP5wsiyjNHRUTUOfAzYAaNcY4Tke/ntqizLW54v6ZjNI34/IVv7gzzqY6GTJEnNEa/Xm7G94GnbjsHBQcM45Lr8fNv43WJyclLNL5/Ph3g8zs9iSJZlte0qLy9HKBTiZ9G1iyx3+eVn2yZsh5w7ADdu3NA1yrFYDLFYDF1dXVhYWEAgEDC9M5UPu90Oi8XCF2+Ya9eu8UVob2/Hw4cPYbVa+Umbxmq14uHDh2hvb+cn5WyzY7YVRFHE2toapqam+EkqWZbx4MEDLC4uIpFI8JOB5I5IIBBARUWFmrsulwuBQCClwvLMLJ+daWGNwEYzEwetUCiESCTCF6fo7e3F6uoqX5xRT08POjs7UVpaimAwiFgsppuWLg6Tk5PqtGwxz4eZ9TQzM4P+/n709/cjFothfn4eT58+RVNTEz8rkPzO7Gg0e4/H4+FnU/X29iIajaKhoQGNjY1YW1tDX1+f4caDxcrMzmc+csmZTOtUkiTcvXsX586dw5UrV1BaWoqxsbGsGzFZlnHt2jUcO3YMgiCgpqYGU1NTGBoa0s23XTljJl8YSZJw4sQJLCws4Ny5c5ifn9e10YODgwiHw7h58yZisRhu3ryJO3fuYHBwULccI/F4HAsLC2hra1Nf/f39Kdudzc6XdMzm0czMDPbs2aP7HefPn+dn08m1PhY6SZJQV1eHt956C7FYDIFAAH6/P+tOOgC0trYiEong5s2bmJ+fRyQSSYlfPsvPp43fLUKhEIaGhtT8stlsqK+vN+xYacmyjLNnz2Lv3r2Yn59HMBhEMBjUdaIkSUJnZyfcbjfa2trgdrsxNTWFQCCgW34u24Qto+TJ4XAoDodDVzYyMqI4HA6lpaVFV77RGhoaUj57I0xMTCgOh0OZm5vjJ+14mxWzreZwOJSRkRG+WIfloRFBEAyn5bLe0y1/eXlZLdf+vRnMxGFxcVHp7u5WHA6H0tDQwE9WCYKgzpdtmUxDQ4NSVVWlLC8v85PSxoH93d3drSiKonR3d2f8XuuVbj0piqK0tLSkfPbc3Jzh/CMjI4rL5TKdH8vLy4ogCLqyxcVFxeFwKJWVlWoZa28mJiYURVGUyspK0/HPR7b1m2mdKsnvq7WyspJ1mYqiKNPT08rKyoqurKqqShd/ozzR/r0VOZMpXxRNfvDrVsvlcqXEY2RkxNR37u7uVhYXF/li1VbnSzrZ1nlDQ0PK+s4ml/q4E1RWVipVVVW6spaWFl39N8LW8fT0tFrG2g5t/ct1+fm08bsFa0MGBgZ05S6XS21X0mEx0+Yz24dg7eTIyEhKvre0tOjWmdltwlbL+QxAJq+++ioAIBwOA5rThewSC6/XC6/Xq/aK+NPJ6U75sVOzTqcTZ86c0R2l0Z5qZL1f7WlUvkc8OjqqLsvr9WJmZgZIHoFg11j6/X71vZIkqadteNm+P7tpa3R0VHfZic/nM/ydjCzLuveyMhYHURR1p0uNji5lihkjy7LuqFtra6v6vfhTuKIo6uK6U08jHjhwAEiuGyYej8NisajT8mW32xGLxXRHi7eLLMsQBAFdXV38JB1JkvDo0SOcPHmSn5TW6OgootEorl27Brvdzk/OGofLly8DAJqamkydndgMhw4dQjQa1Z2tfPz4MUpLS3XziaKIsbExDA8PZzzir2W329Hc3KwrKysrg9vtxtramq7c7XajtrYWABAIBLCwsKCbvlWyrVMA6vdkvv76awDA0aNHdeW8U6dOpRzFXltbQ0VFhfr/Qs8ZWZbR2dmJtra2lHWrdfDgQYTDYV37bpRXvHg8jqmpKXR1daGnpydlu8UUSr6kMzk5iUgkgqamJgwODpo+W2O2Pu4EkiQhkUiknKF57bXXkEgk0q5bALh37x6QrDNMWVkZLBaLeuVFrsvPp43fTebm5gCDdsrlcmU9mzU7Owu3261rv8rKygAAd+/eBZJXiPDtW11dHZBs55DjNmErbWgH4PHjx0CykWIikQhWV1dx//591NfXo6SkBF9//TVmZmbQ2dmJzs5OxGIxDA8PY3Z2Fk1NTbrGMxQKIRgMqqdu3nrrLd3O7I0bN3DhwgX1/0iuEL4MyVOn4XAYwWAQ8/PzsNls6OjoQDwex6lTpyAIAgBAEAT1FP+zZ8/wn//8J+XUWbbvL8sy9uzZg0gkgmg0ilu3bsHv96OtrQ2RSAS3b9/WLU/r66+/Vt+rLXv+/DkSiQTu3r2LR48eob+/H16vF9evX9c1nNlihuQGrampCYcPH0YsFoMgCFhYWFBPNd64cQNtbW0AAK/XC4/Hg/b2dthsNgiCsCGXJm2HU6dOwe12o6+vD6Ojo4jH47h06RKCwWDaHZ9cOJ1OLC0tbdm1y+kEg0H4/f6UholnppOgFY/HMTY2BpfLhd7eXrVDyHd+zcbBZrPxRVsiEAio/87MzEAURUxPT6dcAtjf3w+bzYb79++r127mcs8I7/jx43yRznbEw+w6ZdgBiq6uLly6dEndIJoxMzMDn8+H48ePp2wQCzlnhoaG1G2A0QEkprOzE9FoFE1NTZAkST29f/HiRd18vMePH6OxsRElJSWYmpqC3+83PLDD245YZFNTU4O1tTVcv34d9fX1WS8RQw71cSe4f/8+AODw4cO6cofDAQBYWlrSlWuFw2HDTk9paam6P5Dr8nNt43cb1gE4cuSIrpzFme8wMaIoYnV1NWV9sPbOTOdbe5AjnWzbhM207g4A20CIoqhe0/nrX/8aSN7oZrPZsLa2hvb2djQ3N+POnTuw2+0YHh5GdXW1elTN4/EgEAggGo2qO8fxeBzvv/8+urq61Pmam5tTVghL/ExlkiSp153a7XZYrVZ15WTqgXk8npTPA5D1+1utVrUXf+jQIVy+fFndiQaA58+f65anZbfbdUcAWBk7w3L06FG0t7fD4/GoPc1nz54BOcTs9u3b+OlPf6puhD0eD6qrqxGJRNSdm/b2dtTU1CAcDqtPEurv7zd9JLRQXb16FTU1NRgbG0N9fT3Onz+f005MOpOTk3C73erRyu3CrsHN9psGBwdRV1eXtZOgxRrTQ4cOoaOjA7FYDBcuXMDU1BR6e3uBHOJw7do1nDlzhi/eElarFTdv3sTBgwfR0dGB4eFhXL16VRcLdqTNZrPhxIkTePjwIQRBQDQaRVdXl+HOcTqyLCORSGS8pjkYDG7LUToz61Tr/Pnz6OvrQzQaxfT0tOmjvKOjo+jo6EAkEsHs7Kxuw1voOTM7OwubzYbDhw8jHA5jenoaJSUl6Ojo0HUGPR4PBEHAl19+ibq6Ojx69Cjrb0LyfRcvXsSdO3cwPT0Nt9uN69evZ7w+eLvyJZPa2lpcvnwZ4XAYgiCgpKQEfX19WTvMZurjTlNSUsIXmWL2fj0zy8+njd+t8o3Bnj17+KKslpaW0NjYmPGgopltwmZbdwegqakJTqcTfr8fBw8exJUrV1J2XvmjFKIoIpFIpPRgq6urAc0Gif3L78iYrSBarNesXSHNzc2IxWIpy8/G7PdnjBLITO8xHaOKz3r9ZmM2NzeHqakp3WU+169fB5KdCKarqwulpaXo6OjA4cOHd/zOP/P06VP1DEcgEEh7FCAXtbW1iEQicDqd6hEt/jTtZovH45iens56hoZ1EnJdn4uLiwCAEydOqHWpubkZbrcb4XAY8Xg8bRzsdjsuXbqk5huSncztsra2hoMHD6KxsVE9aqvNfbbTUlFRodYnj8eDhoYGJBIJzM7OqvNmMz4+jkAgoGt/amtrYbPZ1HgEAoGc18dGMLNOtdiDIGpqahCJREwfXWxvb8f8/Dza2tqwtraGzs5OddmFnDOSJGF1dRVOp1PdttntdnR2dgIAbt26pZv/8ePHqK6uVm8GTHcmJR273Y4bN26gtLQUN2/eVMsLJV/M8ng8CAaDsFgsKTEykq0+ktzk28aT9ZFlWX0gTiZG24Sttu4OwJ07dxBLPk3lzp07KTv/mfBH3vkeGjtKvp0ByiTb998OucSsra1NXXfal/ZaX6vVinPnzgEGHZudiF365Pf70d7ejmAwiIMHD8Lv92c9SmUGi2E4HFb/3UpXrlxBR0cHX6wjyzImJiby2pFiZ5r4DqbL5QI0lwGmi0Ntba06zcyR0c0iSRLeffdd/P73v8fFixdx5coVfPnllwhontzA6hJ/NpGdiXvy5ImuPB1JkrB///6Ua+iRvLbdqN5tJbPrVMtut+Py5cuoqalJuXY7E6vVivb2dnR1dWF1dVXXphRqzrD48GdR2Y6V9vLKyclJ3Lt3DxcvXlQvo0x3JiWbc+fOpVy6WQj5kgu73Y7q6uqU38EzUx+Jeetp48n6jI+PZz17lWmbsJXW3QFYj6+++oovAgyOmJvduJhhtCwz1ygaMfv9t4PR7+QZ7ZzKsqw7Gs4akgsXLiASiezYm38ZdnkZ29kpKyvDtWvXYLPZ8Omnn3Jz7yyiKCIcDuP06dO6MztI3ovjTN7MPT4+rv6fvfx+PwBgbGxMfY+RbNdNFkLumyEIgu7mrlOnTiEYDCKRSODBgweA5hpb/ppa5qWXXuKLUkiShMePH297Q5/JetYpuwTF6KxkJiweub5vO7Brh9OdtdXGZ2hoSHcTM7sfjb8x2IySkpKUM7c70Z49ezLmEEzWx52C3WzKtxvs/+wAghGv12t4k3skElHvrTSz/PW08bsNu9Sbb99YfU53hsTj8cBisaTUe7YcdoBEKxQK4Z133sm6818o24Rt6QCwwN6+fVvXKLK/jx07BgDYv38/oLl8JxvtEXn+6DyrdFevXtWVh0IhU0fLtcx+/+1gNmYVFRWIRqMpnZ9gMKhu8GRZRm9vL65evYrm5mY0NjZibGws5ca3neT58+cpuWG1WtV7VXayI0eOQBCElBeSO3mCIODIkSM4efJkyjzspvmamhr1PUbYxofPr2fPnsFms6UcRS5Uz549S1nf7LuzI76vv/46LBZLSkeZvS/bDV6soc/lrOh2WM86XVtbg81my7kNZW1lpmUXCqvVCrfbjUgkkrW9X11dVfOHYWeQ2FOTzFpeXkZDQwNfvONEo1H1XrV0zNTHnaKsrAw2my1lx3FhYQE2my3tDic0uaTdWWV/s46lmeWvp43fbVg7re0wybKMaDSKmpoazZypjh8/jmg0qqv3bDn8/TehUAjV1dWmdv4LZZuQVwdAe11epmv05ORNDtobSxl2CnhoaAhy8qk5Q0NDKC0tVXtGtbW1KE0ONsNuhpKSN+YhWTFkWVYf3/jhhx9CTD6u8h//+AeQ3KhJkgSPx6M24uzxmj09PXj06JHa0LCjFEtLS5A1R8Kj0aj62YyZ78/m11ZUlkj8U4V47L3ss5HcIIBLZNZoskbSbMyqq6ths9nQ19enxsPn82HPnj2wWq2Qk5fKHDt2TE1odk1bf39/Sm96K7Bc4xs+Hrtkweg7Hj16FIlEQndd7uTkJKLRqK5C+3w+dRROXqblb4V0cbBarfB4PCkvJO8B8Xg8sFqtsNvtKfOwnZQDBw7oNlB8HDweD2pqanD9+nW18yiKIm7fvo3+/n71fYUg03qqqKjA1NSUWkfk5OiuFotFfSqD1WpFV1cXotGoOjBVPB7Hhx9+iLa2NnWnVxRFOLlH44qiiKtXr+LRo0cYHR1VXz09PRlv7Nws6XIGOazT1tZW9PT0qG2TKIoYHh5OGdCLz5nR0VG0traqBw7i8Tiamppw6dKlnDsOmylTvpw/fx4Wi0X3lLehoSG4NY/lRPII7tDQkLqMeDyOjz/+GG63O2O+lJeX6x6bGQqF8NVXXxXcJRyZ8kiSJHWkVBajwcFBHDt2TNemGP1+M/VxJ+nv70ckElHrUyg5IKO2PsnJkXl9mlGSa2tr4Xa7MTw8DFmWEY/HMTw8nJJn2ZafSxu/29ntdrS1teGjjz6CJElq3UVyP44ZTT7mXFv/2XQ2vyiK+Oijj3Ttv5x8nPpXX32F8fFxXXuvfeR7oW0TgDwGAmMDSmlf/AAeDD8fP5DO9PS0UllZqTgcDsXlcikDAwMpAyqsrKyogzGwQVYaGhqUlpYW3WAZbHAGl8ulTExMKHNzc0plZaUiCIK6TH5Z/MAQimbgBzaN/73a35Dp+7NBTPj38mVG+PkaGhrUQWqylSkGvzNdzJaXl9UBK/gBbLS/26jMYbA+NxP/W9N9Pj+PUW7Ozc0pVVVV6jxVVVUpy2KDqvD5aGb5m8lsHLTMfE+Wc/wgMeniMJIcHCtd/LYbHyOj3y8Iglp/HckBDI0GwdLWc9amaM3NzSkul0stn56eTvl87YuP5WYzmzPZ1unAwID6/srKSqW7u9swXnzOTExMqMt1uVxKS0tLyrK3Gx8fo3xZXFxU20C+vWdWVlaUgYEB3e/l5+PzReFiW1VVlTLoWiHIlkcrKyu6bUS69Wz0+5Uc6uNOoW03jOrTysqKUllZmTJwKr/95vOHybZ8Xro2vlho2zej3BIEQXEZDPiorfdG7b92X4J/sf3IQtsmMC8oiqLwnQJCCCGEEELI7pTXJUCEEEIIIYSQnYk6AIQQQgghhBQR6gAQQgghhBBSRKgDQAghhBBCSBGhDgAhhBBCCCFFhDoAhBBCCCGEFBHqABBCCCGEEFJEqANACCGEEEJIEaEOACGEEEIIIUWEOgCEEEIIIYQUEeoAEEIIIYQQUkSoA0AIIYQQQkgRoQ4AIYQQQgghRYQ6AIQQQgghhBSR/w/TazVYm4+3gwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\" width=\"768\" height=\"466\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMeans within a row bearing different superscripts \u003csup\u003eabc\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003ediffer significantly (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBW: body weight; BWG: body weight gain; FCR: feed conversion ratio; FI: feed intake; PER: protein efficiency ratio;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effect of the inclusion of a graded level of HDWEM as a replacement for soybean meal on carcass characteristics is presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Results revealed that the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet of broilers, increased linearly and quadratically (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.05) the percentage of the thigh and liver weight, respectively. Moreover, heart (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.066) and liver (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.072) weights were also tended to be increased linearly with an increase in the level of HDWEM. Other parameters like evisceration, abdominal fat, and head percentage remained unaffected by dietary treatments in the present study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on carcass characteristics (g/100 g live weight) of broiler\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadratic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDressing (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.299\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvisceration (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.505\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThigh (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiver (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGizzard (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.277\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiblet (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.225\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbdominal fat (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.530\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHead (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.807\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Apparent metabolizable energy, nutrient and utilization of minerals\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCP utilization responded both linearly and quadratically (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.01) while EE utilization showed only a linear (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.001) effect on the inclusion of HDWEM at various levels (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). There was no significant effect observed on the utilization of DM, OM, CF, NFE, and AME as well as AMEn of the boiler birds when fed with HDWEM. Conversely, Ca utilization was found to increase both linearly and quadratically (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.001) in groups fed HDWEM compared to the control group (T-0). Moreover, P utilization and N excretion tended to be lower in the HDWEM treatment groups compared to the control group, with P values of 0.060 and 0.067, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on apparent utilisation coefficient of nutrients, minerals and nitrogen in broilers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadratic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry matter (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic matter (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e79.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.431\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude protein (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.8\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.3\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.6\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.5\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEther extract (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90.2\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91.2\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.1\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92.7\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrude fibre (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.591\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNFE (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.866\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAME (MJ/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.870\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.805\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAMEn (MJ/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.836\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.772\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eApparent utilization of minerals\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCalcium\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.9\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.6\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.2\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhosphorous\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.701\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNitrogen balance (g/4d)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen intake (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.470\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen excretion (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.923\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNitrogen balance (g)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.268\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.254\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eMeans within a row bearing different superscripts \u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e differ significantly (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eNFE: nitrogen-free extract; AME: apparent metabolizable energy; AMEn: nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy; Figures with different superscripts in a row differ significantly.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Intestinal morphology\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e represents the effect of inclusion of HDWEM on the gut morphology, especially the duodenum section of the gut. It was observed that crypt depth tended (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.05) to be increased both linearly (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.05) and quadratically (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.059) at or above the 5% inclusion level of HDWEM, but villi height and the ratio of villi height with crypt depth remained unaffected.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on gut morphology of broilers birds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadratic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVilli Height (\u0026micro;m)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1213\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1322\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCrypt depth (\u0026micro;m)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115.6\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120.1\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146.9\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126.7\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130.8\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVilli height: Crypt depth ratio\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.706\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eMeans within a row bearing different superscripts \u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e differ significantly (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.5 Erythrocytic antioxidant activities and biochemical profile\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn response to HDWEM levels, the erythrocytic catalase activity increased linearly (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.001) at or above the 5% inclusion as compared to T-0 and T-2.5 groups (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, plasma triglycerides level increased linearly (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.001) with the highest level in the T-10 group as compared to T-0 and T-2.5 groups, while in the T-5 and T-7.5 groups, it remained intermediate (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, plasma cholesterol (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.058) and SGPT (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;=\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.072) levels tended to increase and decrease linearly with the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet of broilers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on erythrocytic antioxidant activities in broilers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadratic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCatalase (\u0026micro;mol of H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e consumed /min /mg Hb)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.8\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129.9\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142.5\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSOD (U/mg Hb)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.883\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eSOD: super oxide dismutase\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect of supplementing different levels of HDWEM on blood biochemical profile in broiler\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttributes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-5.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-7.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eT-10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP Value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLinear\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuadratic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTriglyceride (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.1\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.7\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.2\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.471\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal Protein (g/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.679\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.502\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlbumin (g/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobulin (g/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.624\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCholesterol (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e127.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e139.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal bilirubin (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Bilirubin (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.130\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBUN (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.842\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreatinine (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.562\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.623\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSGOT (IU/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.865\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSGPT (IU/L)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e233\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e194\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e186\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.453\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUric acid (mg/dL)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.410\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.544\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eMeans within a row bearing different superscripts \u003csup\u003eabc\u003c/sup\u003e differ significantly (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05)\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"9\"\u003eBUN: blood urea nitrogen; SGOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; SGPT: serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eProximate analysis of the prepared HDWEM indicated that it contains substantial levels of CP (34.1%), EE (26.5%), and Ca (9.0%), along with lysine and methionine [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, microbiological tests indicated that dried HDWEM tested negative for both \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e contamination. These results are close to previous reports [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR30\" citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e] and the aflatoxin level was well below the admissible limit (20 ppb) as recommended by BIS [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e] for broiler feed. Therefore, prepared HDWEM was up to 10% as a feed ingredient to formulate isocaloric and isonitrogenous broiler diets by replacing soybean meal (up to 28%). Since HDWEM was devoid of CF, hence the level of deoiled rice bran was increased to maintain an equal level of CF across different dietary treatments.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEggs have various essential nutrients and bioactive compounds in a highly digestible and readily absorbable form which can be exploited to improve the growth performance and nutrient utilization of chickens [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. There was a significant dietary treatment \u0026times; time interaction effect on BWG and FCR, indicating that the capacity of broiler chickens to utilize HDWEM-based diets depended on their age. Inclusion of HDWEM increased BWG by 17.7\u0026ndash;25.3% and improved FCR by 15.1\u0026ndash;20.4% at or above 5% inclusion of HDWEM as compared to basal diet without affecting FI of birds. The similar FI in all the groups in the present study could be due to comparable CF and gross energy content among various different diets as the FI of birds is generally known to be affected by the level of CF and energy in the diet. Previously, Lie and Kim [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] observed only a 4% improvement in the BWG and FCR of broilers when fed up to a 3% level of egg powder (replaced soybean meal 7.9\u0026ndash;8.9% only). Similarly, various other studies by El-deek et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e], Teixeira et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e], Al-Harthi et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] and Ratriyanto et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] reported enhancement in the growth performance of broilers without affecting the feed intake. On the contrary, Anikola et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] and Choi et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e] reported either a decrease or no effect on growth performance by the inclusion of infertile egg meal as a 100% replacement of fishmeal in the diet of broilers. Similarly, Schmidt et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] found that the inclusion of 7% egg powder in the diet of weanling pigs decreased average BWG and FCR due to the presence of trypsin inhibitors in egg protein.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEggs contain lecithin (phospholipid in the egg) which has a crucial role in the metabolism of fat, hence the inclusion of HDWEM resulted in higher EE utilization, particularly at 7.5 and 10% levels [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, the biological value of egg protein is higher (Similarity between amino acid profiles of animal protein sources to amino acid profiles of the live animal\u0026rsquo;s body) as compared to soybean meal [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e] which could result in higher (up to 4.8%) utilization of CP in all HDWEM groups as compared to conventional corn-soy based diet in the control group. Previously, Lie and Kim [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] found no improvement in DM and N utilization by 3% inclusion of egg powder but observed a higher (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;0.05) value of energy utilization by 2.4% as compared to the control group. Moreover, the inclusion of HDWEM also resulted in increased utilization of Ca by about 16% in all dietary treatments as compared to the control group which agrees with the reports of Choi et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, Gongruttananun [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e] also reported that 100% replacement of Ca supplemental source by eggshell Ca in laying hens had no detrimental effect on the performance and egg quality. Apparent utilization of DM, NFE, CF, P, AME and AMEn remained unaffected by the inclusion of HDWEM. The discrepancy among the findings could be attributed to the type of birds, diets and experimental conditions. Therefore, in the present study, the improvement in BWG and FCR could be related to increased utilization of nutrients in groups fed with HDWEM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eImproved apparent utilization of various nutrients could be due to changes in gut morphology especially with increased villus height to crypt depth ratio which is mainly used as a measure of the absorption capacity of the small intestine [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. In the current study, there was an increase in crypt depth at 5% HDWEM inclusion without any effect on villus height and their ratio. This further clarifies that the increased utilization of nutrients could be due to the presence of high-quality digestible and readily absorbable nutrients in the HDWEM-based diet in comparison to the con-soy-based basal diet.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith improvement in growth performance, it was expected to have an effect on carcass characteristics with the inclusion of HDWEM in the diet of the broiler. Only the percentage of thigh muscle was found to be increased up to 5% inclusion level and then decreased with the inclusion of HDWEM, all other parameters remained at par with each other. Whereas liver and heart weight tend to be higher in birds fed with HDWEM with the highest weight at 10% inclusion level. Various previous studies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e] reported an increase in abdominal fat, heart, liver, pancreas and gizzard percentage with the inclusion of infertile egg meal, whereas other studies reported no effect of egg meal inclusion on the relative organ weight [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. The effects of egg meal on carcass characteristics are highly variable. The observed increase in liver and heart size suggests that HDWEM provides substantial nutritional content that supports digestive tract development; however, the effects of trypsin inhibitors may also contribute to cardiomegaly [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood profiles in animals serve as indicators of their physiological and nutritional status. Egg yolk is a rich source of lipids especially cholesterol and fatty acids so the inclusion of HDWEM at 10% increased plasma triglyceride by 2.86 folds and tended to increase plasma cholesterol level upto 39% as compared to control group. Furthermore, eggs are rich in immunoglobulins and proteins; however, the plasma levels of total protein, albumin, and globulin remained unaffected by the inclusion of HDWEM at levels up to 10%. However, Al-Harthi et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] and Anikola et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e] reported an increase in plasma protein, albumin, and globulin levels with feeding of dried egg meal powder. All other blood biochemical parameters remained unaffected by HDWEM and within the normal physiological range [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings are consistent with previous reports by Esmailzadeh et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e] and Choi et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Eggs act as a natural antioxidant due to the presence of various bioactive components [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e] and might be responsible for increased erythrocytic antioxidant activity, especially catalase with HDWEM in the present study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe results of the current study revealed that HDWEM increased nutrient utilization, growth performance and FCR particularly at or above 5% inclusion in the diet of broiler chickens. However, at 7.5 or 10% inclusion level, there was an increase in blood triglyceride and cholesterol levels which could negatively affect bird health and carcass quality. Hence, it can be inferred that the inclusion of HDWEM at 5% as a replacement for soybean meal (up to 14%) in the diet of broiler chicken is effective for maintaining broiler performance while reducing reliance on conventional protein sources. Moreover, direct utilization of HDWEM in the diet of broilers efficiently recycles nutrients into the food chain and promotes environmentally and economically sustainable broiler production. Future studies could explore the combined use of HDWEM with functional additives to improve its inclusion level, and with unconventional energy-rich sources to formulate sustainable and cost-effective broiler diets.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eCompeting Interests:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contributions:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization, material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Vishal Gaikwad, Amit Sharma, Subhash Chandra, Sandeep Uniyal and Udeybir Singh. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Amit Sharma and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors thank the Vice-chancellor, Director research and Dean Post Graduations of Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India, for providing necessary facilities required for completion of this study. We are also thankful to Dr J S Hundal, Dr Srobana Sarkar, Dr Hujaz Tariq, Dr Naveen B.T. and Dr Ravi Prakash Pal for their professional comments and feedback on this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData Availability:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO.: The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. FAO, Rome, Italy. \u003cstrong\u003e(2020)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaharjan, P., Martinez, D.A., Weil, J., Suesuttajit, N., Umberson, C., Mullenix, G., Hilton, K. 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Res. \u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e(8), 3818-3824 (2012)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoard, M.M., Crespo, R., Shah, D.H., Faux, C.M.: Biochemical reference intervals for backyard hens. J. Avian Med. Surg. \u003cstrong\u003e32\u003c/strong\u003e(4), 301\u0026ndash;306 (2018).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Global food security, Hatchery discarded egg, Broiler, Growth performance, Nutrient utilization","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4482750/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4482750/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo strengthen global food security emphasis should be given to the reuse, recycling and recovery of nutrients from various livestock industries. This study investigated the impact of hatchery-discarded whole egg meal (HDWEM) on the growth performance and health status of broiler chickens, with the aim of recycling nutrients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHDWEM was prepared by drying (65\u0026deg;C for 48 h) and grinding of hatchery discarded eggs. Two hundred one-day-old chicks were assigned in a completely randomized design to five dietary treatments having 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% HDWEM.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHDWEM contained about 34.1% crude protein, 26.5% ether extract and 18.1 MJ/kg gross energy, with 16 ppb of aflatoxin and no crude fiber or microbial contamination. The results demonstrated significant linear and quadratic improvements in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient utilization with the inclusion of HDWEM.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorporating 5% HDWEM by replacing soybean meal (up to 14%) in broiler diets supports environmentally and economically sustainable broiler production.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Recycling nutrients: evaluating the use of hatchery discarded whole egg meal in boiler chicken diets","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-31 12:38:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4482750/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-06-27T08:40:47+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-26T12:33:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2025-06-13T02:54:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-12T13:35:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","date":"2025-06-11T12:53:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wave","sideBox":"Learn more about [Waste and Biomass Valorization](http://link.springer.com/journal/12649)","snPcode":"12649","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12649/3","title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7e913b4f-5c01-4ba4-b08a-6f5ff5808024","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 31st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-09T16:16:47+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4482750","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-026-03542-x","journal":{"identity":"waste-and-biomass-valorization","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Waste and Biomass Valorization"},"publishedOn":"2026-03-05 15:58:20","publishedOnDateReadable":"March 5th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-31 12:38:58","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s12649-026-03542-x","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-026-03542-x","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4482750","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4482750","identity":"rs-4482750","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}