Nonlinear Breather Structures in Multicomponent Superthermal Plasmas under the Influence of an Ion Beam

Nonlinear Breather Structures in Multicomponent Superthermal Plasmas under the Influence of an Ion Beam | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Nonlinear Breather Structures in Multicomponent Superthermal Plasmas under the Influence of an Ion Beam Uday Narayan Ghosh, Uttam Kumar Mahato, Prasanta Chatterjee, Gurudas Mandal This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8523694/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates the nonlinear dynamics of ion-acoustic waves and breather structuresin a multicomponent unmagnetized plasma comprising warm positive ions, an energetic pos-itive ion beam, and two distinct populations of κ-distributed superthermal electrons (coldand hot). Using the reductive perturbation technique, The Gardner equation (GE) is derivedto describe the nonlinear wave evolution beyond the conventional KdV and mKdV models.The Hirota Bilinear Method (HBM) is employed to obtain exact analytical solutions, includ-ing one-soliton, two-soliton, and breather-type soliton configurations. The results reveal thatthe presence of an ion beam substantially modifies the amplitude, width, and phase of thebreather structures, thereby affecting the stability and localization properties of nonlinearexcitations. Parametric analysis shows that changes in the ion-beam density, superthermal-ity index (κ), and temperature ratios of plasma species have a substantial influence on thebreather structure. These findings have direct implications for understanding wave–particleinteractions in space and laboratory plasmas, particularly in environments such as Saturn’smagnetosphere and auroral regions where ion beams and non-Maxwellian distributions are prevalent. Ion acoustic waves breather structures ion beam effects Gardner equation Hirota bilinear method (HBM) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8523694","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":593971821,"identity":"f0922467-884e-4249-ac51-354339c759c9","order_by":0,"name":"Uday Narayan Ghosh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"K. K. M. College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Uday","middleName":"Narayan","lastName":"Ghosh","suffix":""},{"id":593971822,"identity":"1a73181c-efe4-4ff5-98e4-8cd32c383e3d","order_by":1,"name":"Uttam Kumar Mahato","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rajkiya Mahila Degree Mahavidyalaya","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Uttam","middleName":"Kumar","lastName":"Mahato","suffix":""},{"id":593971823,"identity":"0a4dd6d1-8eab-41e3-bc6f-6d1d0044420a","order_by":2,"name":"Prasanta Chatterjee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Visva Bharati University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prasanta","middleName":"","lastName":"Chatterjee","suffix":""},{"id":593971824,"identity":"7f0b8abf-b08c-4b40-aa4d-235c7a4aa0a7","order_by":3,"name":"Gurudas Mandal","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAy0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBCBmY5DhB1LMQAYDwwEitfBINpCsxeAAsVrk3bMTPxeU2fEYH+8xky4oY5Dju5GAX4vhmbebpWecS+YxO3PGDMhgMJYkqGVG7gZp3jZmHrMbuduADIbEDURo2fybt62ex3j+W7CWeoJa5CXAhh/mMZDgBWtJMCCkxYDn7TZrnnPHeSTO5H+2nnFOwnDmmQcEbGnP3Xybp6xajr/9WOLtgjIbeb7jhGw5gMqXwK8cbEsDYTWjYBSMglEw0gEAND9Cwicgjq0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"East West University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gurudas","middleName":"","lastName":"Mandal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-05 17:08:55","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8523694/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8523694/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106392988,"identity":"93451840-0285-4858-9e86-6f1050a05941","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 07:29:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":584292,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BreatherStructure.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8523694/v1_covered_1c248da0-e858-4da3-aebb-71783032cde6.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eNonlinear Breather Structures in Multicomponent Superthermal Plasmas under the Influence of an Ion Beam\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Ion acoustic waves, breather structures, ion beam effects, Gardner equation, Hirota bilinear method (HBM)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8523694/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8523694/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study investigates the nonlinear dynamics of ion-acoustic waves and breather structuresin a multicomponent unmagnetized plasma comprising warm positive ions, an energetic pos-itive ion beam, and two distinct populations of κ-distributed superthermal electrons (coldand hot). Using the reductive perturbation technique, The Gardner equation (GE) is derivedto describe the nonlinear wave evolution beyond the conventional KdV and mKdV models.The Hirota Bilinear Method (HBM) is employed to obtain exact analytical solutions, includ-ing one-soliton, two-soliton, and breather-type soliton configurations. The results reveal thatthe presence of an ion beam substantially modifies the amplitude, width, and phase of thebreather structures, thereby affecting the stability and localization properties of nonlinearexcitations. Parametric analysis shows that changes in the ion-beam density, superthermal-ity index (κ), and temperature ratios of plasma species have a substantial influence on thebreather structure. These findings have direct implications for understanding wave–particleinteractions in space and laboratory plasmas, particularly in environments such as Saturn’smagnetosphere and auroral regions where ion beams and non-Maxwellian distributions are prevalent.","manuscriptTitle":"Nonlinear Breather Structures in Multicomponent Superthermal Plasmas under the Influence of an Ion Beam","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-02-21 08:23:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8523694/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"256fdc38-00b4-48d0-999c-4c4d46acc265","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 21st, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-08T07:27:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-02-21 08:23:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8523694","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8523694","identity":"rs-8523694","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}