Information Transport in Classical-Quantum Hybrid System

Information Transport in Classical-Quantum Hybrid System | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Information Transport in Classical-Quantum Hybrid System Julian Rapp, Radhika H. Joshi, Alwin Steensel, Yuli V. Nazarov, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7652984/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Many of the quantities that matter in quantum technology, e.g. entropy, entanglement, etc., cannot be associated with operator observables, because they depend non-linearly on the quantum state’s density matrix. The non-linearity provokes another bigger issue: Standard open-system equations evolve just one copy of that matrix, so we cannot track how such elusive quantities change. A recent formalism by Ansari and Nazarov sidestepped this by evolving multiple virtual replicas at once, but only in the weak-coupling regime. Here, we remove that limitation. Our generalized, multi-replicative master equation follows entropy flow and other vital metrics even when a quantum device interacts strongly with a classical environment. We show quantum coherence and hybridization jointly act to inhibit the net transfer of entropy, effectively introducing a “bottleneck” in the thermodynamic process. This sharper view of quantum–classical hybridization points the way toward more robust, resource-aware quantum hardware. heat engines open quantum system entropy Keldysh contours nonequilibrium statistical physics full counting statistics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7652984","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":527622676,"identity":"0ae899aa-b5a3-4174-8e34-7ce520550fe1","order_by":0,"name":"Julian Rapp","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Julian","middleName":"","lastName":"Rapp","suffix":""},{"id":527622677,"identity":"8abfbebd-bb82-4fd2-9481-26b6a825018b","order_by":1,"name":"Radhika H. 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