Prediction of tomato leaf disease using deep learning approach

Prediction of tomato leaf disease using deep learning approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Prediction of tomato leaf disease using deep learning approach Asim Khalil, Du Hubing, Muhammad Mustafa, Khalid Mehmood This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8611764/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Diseases of tomato leaves are significant threats to the global food security and agricultural production. The old method of diagnosis is not reliable and is time consuming, and there is a demand to have effective and accurate automated systems. The paper uses transfer learning using Inception-V3 and Inception-ResNet-V2 network to detect tomato leaf diseases using an open dataset. To encourage generalizability, data augmentation and preprocessing techniques were used, whereas Grad-CAM was used to encourage visual interpretability. Experimentally, it has been demonstrated that Inception-ResNet-V2 and Inception-V3 performed with 92.33 and 89.33 accuracy, respectively, which is higher than the other existing methods. These results demonstrate the possibility of deep learning to improve precision agriculture and prepare further development of real-time and field-deployable systems of disease detection. Tomato leaf disease Deep learning Inception-V3 Inception-ResNet-V2 Transfer learning Image classification Precision agriculture Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8611764","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":597122055,"identity":"d1ee99b0-93eb-4798-a82b-59f83d972450","order_by":0,"name":"Asim Khalil","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an Technological University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asim","middleName":"","lastName":"Khalil","suffix":""},{"id":597122058,"identity":"a76223e5-c780-47eb-ad3c-494212546cfb","order_by":1,"name":"Du Hubing","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAzwMzAwGDAz8UD5jA9FaJBsgqonVAgQGB4jVwncj95h0QcEdu803kp8/5mGwkd1wgPnZA3xaJG/kpUnPMHiWvO3MMcNmHoY04w0H2MwN8GkxuJFjJs1jcDjZ7HgDSMvhxA0HeNgkiNJi3Mz+EajlP/Fa7AzYe0C2HCCsRfLMG2PrGQaHEyTOnCmcOccg2XjmYTYzvFr4jucY3i74c9ief0b6hg9vKuxk+443P8OrBQYSGyDuBGJmYtQDgT2R6kbBKBgFo2AkAgA4f0rllNJaEwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Xi'an Technological University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Du","middleName":"","lastName":"Hubing","suffix":""},{"id":597122060,"identity":"5f53e7f9-d171-487d-90e5-10c0b090225b","order_by":2,"name":"Muhammad Mustafa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gomal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Mustafa","suffix":""},{"id":597122062,"identity":"7026e3dd-cb35-4bdc-8d27-064d845c36a2","order_by":3,"name":"Khalid Mehmood","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gomal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Khalid","middleName":"","lastName":"Mehmood","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-15 15:08:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8611764/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8611764/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104982871,"identity":"a41557f9-c546-4e08-9c99-727bbe33c534","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-19 13:41:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":843175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TomatoLeafPaperupdatednew.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8611764/v1_covered_f7f294bf-5aba-47ca-8fc4-26bc390197c9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Prediction of tomato leaf disease using deep learning approach","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Tomato leaf disease, Deep learning, Inception-V3, Inception-ResNet-V2, Transfer learning, Image classification, Precision agriculture","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8611764/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8611764/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDiseases of tomato leaves are significant threats to the global food security and agricultural production. 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