Histopathological Spectrum of Endometrium in Hysterectomy Specimens from Cases of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecological issue leading to significant morbidity in women of reproductive and postmenopausal age. Histopathological examination of endometrial tissue obtained from hysterectomy specimens provides essential insights into the underlying causes of AUB. This study aims to analyze the histopathological spectrum of endometrial changes in hysterectomy specimens from patients presenting with AUB. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on hysterectomy specimens from 150 women with AUB, collected over a period of One year. Patient demographic data, clinical presentation, and histopathological findings were recorded and analyzed. Specimens were fixed in formalin, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The histopathological diagnosis was categorized into benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Results: Out of 150 cases, 60% were in the age group of 41-50 years. The most common histopathological finding was endometrial hyperplasia (30%), followed by chronic endometritis (25%) and leiomyomas (20%). Premalignant lesions such as atypical hyperplasia were observed in 10% of cases, while endometrial carcinoma was found in 5% of cases. Benign conditions like endometrial polyps and adenomyosis were present in 10% of the specimens. Conclusion: The histopathological spectrum of the endometrium in hysterectomy specimens from AUB cases is diverse, with benign lesions being the most common. Endometrial hyperplasia and chronic endometritis are significant contributors to AUB. The detection of premalignant and malignant lesions highlights the importance of histopathological examination in the management of AUB.