Postnatal maturation ofin vivomembrane potential dynamics during hippocampal ripples

Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are transient high-frequency oscillations of local field potentials (LFPs) in the hippocampus and play a critical role in memory consolidation. During SWRs, CA1 pyramidal cells exhibit rapid spike sequences that often replay the sequential activity that occurred during behavior. This temporally organized firing activity gradually emerges during two weeks after the eye opening; however, it remains unclear how the organized spikes during SWRs mature at the intracellular membrane potential ( V m) level. Here, we recorded the V m of CA1 pyramidal cells simultaneously with hippocampal LFPs from immature mice after the developmental emergence of SWRs. On postnatal days 16–17, V m dynamics around SWRs were premature, characterized by prolonged depolarizations without either pre- or post-SWR hyperpolarization. The biphasic hyperpolarizations, which are a typical feature of adult SWR-relevant V m, formed by approximately postnatal day 30. This V m maturation was associated with an increase in SWR-associated inhibitory inputs to pyramidal cells. Thus, the development of SWR-relevant inhibition restricts the temporal windows for spikes of pyramidal cells and allows CA1 pyramidal cells to organize their spike sequences during SWRs. Significance statement Sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) are prominent hippocampal oscillations and play a critical role in memory consolidation. During SWRs, hippocampal neurons synchronously emit spikes with organized temporal patterns. This temporal structure of spikes during SWRs develops during the third and fourth postnatal weeks, but the underlying mechanisms are not well-understood. Here, we recorded in vivo membrane potentials from hippocampal neurons in premature mice and suggest that the maturation of SWR-associated inhibition enables hippocampal neurons to produce precisely controlled spike times during SWRs.