Molecular, Cytological and Morphological Studies on Jassid Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Based on Hairiness Trait

Molecular, Cytological and Morphological Studies on Jassid Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Based on Hairiness Trait | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Molecular, Cytological and Morphological Studies on Jassid Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Based on Hairiness Trait SUBHASHINI S, KEERTHIVARMAN K, S. Rajeswari, PREMALATHA N, KALAIMAGAL T, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4358047/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 May, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Cotton Research → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The parents MCU 5, CO 14, CO 17, TCH 1828, KC 2, KC 3, GISV 323, GTHV 15–34 and RHC 1409 of upland cotton were used for the present study. They were obtained from the Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Department of cotton, Coimbatore. Among the 27 primers used only JESPR 154 primer showed amplified fragment at 150 bp which validates the corresponding parents with hairiness trait conferring resistance to Jassid. The hairy nature of trichome density was observed among the resistant genotypes (KC 3, GTHV 15–34, GISV 323 and RHC 1409). Hairiness confers resistance to jassids was evidence from the results and discussion which would confer breeders develop varieties with high resistance genotypes thereby reducing the jassid infestation. The trichomes were found to confer resistance to sucking pests. This henceforth reduce the pesticide consumption in cotton plants thereby paving the way for a safety environment for ecological species without harming them. Pesticide usage would be lowered with the use of tolerant genotypes. It also paves way for the improvement of future integrated pest management (IPM) programme. Cotton Gossypium hirsutum Trichomes Jassids and Molecular Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction Cotton is the world's top natural fiber crop. It belongs to the Malvaceae family and genus Gossypium , which has about 50 species, including 45 diploids (2n = 26) and 5 allotetraploids (2n = 52). G. hirsutum L., G. arboreum L., G. herbaceum L., and G. barbadense L. are the four cotton species farmed in India. North and Central America, as well as Mexico, are the geographic centers of origin for G. hirsutum . The present aim of the study is to identify the polymorphism present in G. hirsutum L. cultivated species for quality and trichome hairiness traits. The trichome hairiness trait confers resistance against Jassids ( Amrasca biguttula ). According to Sankeshwar et al. (2016) the important and serious pest that retards the growth of plant was jassid ( Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla (Ishida) (Homoptera:Cicadellidae). It also causes yield loss in cotton. The cotton was damaged by both jassid nymphs and adults by sucking the cell sap and laying its eggs on the midrib of the leaves. Hence the sucking causes the leaf turns pale yellow, curl downwards and then fall off later. A familiar tool to control the pest is bio-intensive pest management. If the resistant genotypes were identified, it could be transferred to related genotypes through appropriate breeding methods. The epidermis of leaves, shoots and roots have unicellular outgrowths called trichomes. The trichome covering the plant surface is collectively called pubescence. The hairiness acts as non-preference trait against the cotton sucking insect pests as suggested by Nausherwan et al. (2011). The trichome density varying in degrees on the leaves of Gossypium species and cultivars. This denotes the resistant or susceptible genotypes. The present study also investigates about the traits that would confer resistance to cotton thereby enhancing the yield of the population by controlling the sucking pests. Materials and methods Parental materials MCU 5, CO 14, CO 17, TCH 1828, KC 2, KC 3, GISV 323, GTHV 15-34 and RHC 1409 were used for the present study. They were obtained from the Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Department of Cotton, Coimbatore. They were raised during in August 2021 with two rows each with the spacing of 90 cm X 45 cm. Agronomical and cultural practices were followed as recommended and as per the schedule. Molecular analysis By generally following the process (Zhang and Stewart, 2000), genomic DNA was extracted from the cotton leaves of the parents, and the quantity and quality of DNA was verified for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using a NanodropTM 1000 spectrophotometer. After verification the amplified fragments from PCR (using the primers for the fibre quality and trichome hairiness traits) were separated through agarose gel electrophoresis and scoring of banding patterns and parental polymorphism identification. PCR amplification About 27 primers with high PIC values were obtained from the cotton marker database (CMD) (http://www.cottonmarker.org/) developed by Mainlab at Washington State University. These primers were commercially synthesized and procured from Eurofins Genomics Pvt. Ltd. 2X SMART PRIME PCR Master mixes were used for amplification. The following primers were used for the study (Table 1). Table 1. Particulars of primer pairs used for molecular study S. No. Marker Name Primer sequence (5’-3’) Annealing Temperature ( ˚ C) 1 BNL1153 F CTTTATCCGGAGACGGAACA 55˚C R CTAACTTTTGCTCACCCCCA 2 CIR316 F TTACAGGCACTACCACC 60˚C R CCTTTCTGGCGACTT 3 BNL1122 F TCGATAACGGCTATAGTAATCTCTC 55˚C R CAACAAATAAGCAGCCAAGAAA 4 BNL3599 F TTTAGCCCCAGTAACATGCC 55˚C R ACTGCAAGCTCTGCCCTAAA 5 BNL3147 F ATGGCTCTCTCTGAGCGTGT 55˚C R CGGTTCAGAGGCTTTGTTGT 6 BNL1513 F TTTCACAAGCACAACCATAGG 55˚C R AATACAGGTTCAAAGTTGATAGGG 7 BNL1440 F CCGAAATATACTTGTCATCTAAACG 55˚C R CCCCCGGACTAATTTTTCAA 8 BNL1964 F AGGGAGGGGGAGGTTCTC 55˚C R CGGTAGTCCTCCACCATGTT 9 BNL1417 F TTATTCTAACCACCGCCTCC 55˚C R TGAGTGGATATGCTTGGCCT 10 CIR014 F AGCTTGCCTCTTTCTG 60˚C R ACATTAGAACTCCCTGCT 11 BNL1878 F TGCTTCAACTGCTCTTGCAT 55˚C R TCGATATCTGGAACACCCAC 12 BNL2568 F GGGAAGAGAGGGAGACTAACG 55˚C R ATTTTGATAGGTTGGTTTTGTCC 13 BNL1059 F CCTTCTCTGACACTCTGCCC 55˚C R TGTATTCTCTTCTTTTCCTTATACTTTT 14 BNL1693 F CCCTTGGGAATAGC 55˚C R CATGTGTCTCCGTGTGTGTGTG 15 BNL2884 F TCAACTCATACCAAATCAATTCC 55˚C R CCCTGTTTTGTTCAATGGGT 16 NAU1215 F GAGTGAGACTGGAGCTGGTT 55˚C R CAAATCATTGTTTGCAGCAG 17 CIR199 F CAGAATTTGACCGTTTC 50˚C R GCCATGATATTTCGGT 18 BNL3580 F CTTGTTTACATTCCCTTCTTTATACC 55˚C R CAAAGGCGAACTCTTCCAAA 19 MUSB1035 F TCATGATAGCAACGAGTGGTGC 58˚C R GTCGAGTTGTATTAGTGTGCCCG 20 CIR0407 F GCACAGAACATCCATACA 50˚C R TCTCTCTCTCTTTCACACAC 21 BNL 1059 F CCTTCTCTGACACTCTGCCC 55˚C R TGTATTCTCTTCTTTTCCTTATACTTTT 22 BNL 3255 F GACAGTCAAACAGAACAGATATGC 60˚C R TGTATTCTCTTCTTTTCCTTATACTTTT 23 CIR 246 F TTAGGGTTTAGTTGAATGG 55˚C R ATGAACACACGCACG 24 CIR 307 F GACTTGAAAAGATTACACAC 55˚C R GAATTTGCTGGCTCT 25 JESPR 153 F GATTACCTTCATAGGCCACTG 55˚C R GAAAACATGAGCATCCTGTG 26 JESPR 127 F GATTTGGGTAACATTGGCTC 55˚C R CTGCAGTGTTGTGTTGGGTAGA 27 JESPR 154 F GTTCCCTCAGTTGCTCAGAAG 55˚C R GGAGGAGTTGGCAGAAAATAGC Separation of amplified fragments using Agarose gel electrophoresis A 3% (w/v) agarose gel was casted in a chamber filled with 0.5 X TBE buffer, and the amplified products, together with a ladder of 100 base pairs, were loaded into the wells to determine the size of the amplified fragment of the product. For 2.30 hours, the PCR products were operated at 90 volts. After electrophoresis, the gel was taken from the tank, inspected under UV light, and photographed using a gel documentation equipment (Bio-rad Gel Doc XR imaging system). Analysis and scoring of banding patterns A total of 27 SSR primer pairs were used to study polymorphism among 9 parents. All 27 primers produced were clear, scorable and unambiguous bands and they were chosen for parental polymorphism analysis. DNA bands were scored which was present in the agarose gel for their presence and absence across the genotypes in the form of binary codes (presence – 1; absence – 0). Number of Jassids per plant and Injury Grade Hopper burn injury was assessed as per the Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC, 1960) methods and based on resultant symptoms of infestation. A visual rating of hopper injury on each entry was recorded on 15 th , 30th, 45 th , 60 th and 75 th days after sowing and means injury index (grade index) was calculated. The hopper burn grades consist of following grades. Grades Symptoms 1 Leaves free from crinkling or with no yellowing, bronzing and drying 2 Few leaves on lower portions of the plant curling, crinkling and slight yellowing 3 Crinkling and curling all over, yellowing, bronzing and browning in the middle and lower portion, plant growth hampered; and 4 Extreme curling, yellowing, bronzing and browning, drying of leaves and defoliation, stunted growth A leafhopper resistance index was calculated as proposed by Nageswara Rao (1973), which is G 1 x P 1 + G 2 X P 2 + G 3 X P 3 + G 4 X P 4 -------------------------------------- P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + P 4 Where G represented the number of the grade of ICCC and P the number of plants under the each entry. Grouping of injury index to categories of resistance was as follows. Grade index Category – 1.0 – 2.0 2.1 – 3.0 3.1 – 4.0 Resistant Moderately resistant Susceptible Highly susceptible Trichome length and density analysis The pubescence traits, involved in jassid resistance, were observed on the plants based on qualitative grading (Pubescence rating) and quantitative measurement (Trichome density and trichome length) as detailed by Bourland et al. (2003) and Hornbeck and Bourland (2007). The number of trichomes/unit area were recorded in each genotype for Abaxial Leaf Pubescent Count (ALPC), Leaf Midrib pubescent Count (LMC), Leaf Vein pubescent Count (LVC). The trichome density was recorded on leaves based on the two criteria devised by Bourland et al. (2003). Qualitative grading system for trichomes: Upper, middle and lower portion of the selected plant leaves were assessed for the trichome density rating in random. Trichome density scale Category 1 3 5 7 9 Smooth Lightly hairy Hairy Very hairy Pilose Quantitative measure of leaf trichomes: The same leaves taken for the study of qualitative grading were used for the quantitative measure of trichomes. In index card with an area of 0.1 cm 2 was used for the observation. Data was recorded over the abaxial side, leaf veins and leaf midrib of each leaf from three different positions and averaged. Trichomes in the 0.1 cm 2 area were counted with the aid of high magnifying power microscope (Stereo Zoom microscope). The mean for trichomes cm -2 was determined separately for each trichome count taken on three different positions of the plant. Trichome length and density analysis Aptina MT9M001 image sensor used with compound microscopes, producing clear images with very good contrast and color. With the ScopePhoto software the images were displayed on the slides for the leaf samples that were freshly collected at 50 DAS and cut to the size of one centimeter square and then directly viewed on the computer screen. Then still photographs were captured and then the pictures were saved for the trichome studies. Result and discussion Among the 96 species of insects the major destructive to the crop is the jassid, Amrasca devastans (Dist.) and is considered the most noxious pest of the cotton. 5–45% of yield losses are caused by sucking complex as reported by Ahuja et al. ( 2009 ). The usage of insecticides which are improper and non-selective causes resistance in insects. This also pose problems like environmental pollution and health hazards for human beings as suggested by Khan et al. (2013). The host plant resistance methodology is the only hope to minimize pest pressure on cotton crops. Physio-morphological changes against herbivore insects increase the host plant resistance. Jassid, A. devastans is a major pest of cotton, which feeds on seedling, vegetative growth upto the maturity of the crop. While sucking the cell sap from plants it injects toxic material as said by Lanjer et al. (2014). According to Madar et al. (2010) the plants get dry, the leaves turn down and finally dies during heavy infestations of jassid which is responsible for reduced growth and yield losses. The trichome density on cotton leaves decides the host plant’s resistance/susceptibility. The jassid avoids reproducing and feeding on highly dense and elongated trichomes at the lower side of the leaf as reported by Kanher et al. ( 2016 ). Genotypic and cytological studies Zafar et al. ( 2009 ) studied the genetic linkage map of leaf hairiness in upland cotton using molecular markers. He used 400 RAPD and 54 SSR primers. JESPR-154 primer amplified at 150 bp DNA fragment in hairiness population. A linkage map was developed by using polymorphic DNA markers by him. Insect resistance in cotton could be improved through the construction of genetic linkage map using RAPD and SSR markers which revealed that the inheritance for leaf hairiness exists. Among the 27 primers used only JESPR 154 primer showed amplified fragment at 150 bp which validates the corresponding parents with hairiness trait conferring resistance to Jassid given in Fig. 1 . In order to phenotypically and cytologically determine the trichome length and density Aptina MT9M001 image sensor used with compound microscopes provided the results as shown in Fig. 2 . From the images correlating the primer amplified at 150bp in KC 3, GISV 323, GTHV 15–34 and RHC 1409 had trichomes with count of three to five with the same initiating point. But for parents MCU 5, CO 14, CO 17, TCH 1828 and KC 2 the band amplified Higher than 150 bp correlating with the images in Fig. 2 . A, B, C, D and E could be apparently visualized the development of only one or two hairs which exhibit lower trichome density compared to the figures F, G, H and I. Mean performance From the mean Table 1 , the resistant parent KC 3 had the lowest jassid population (3.11) followed by GTHV 15–34 (3.25). The maximum number of jassid population was observed in susceptible check DCH 32 (13.25). Based on the jassid injury grade the total parental genotypes were divided into moderately resistant (MCU 5, CO 14, TCH 1828, CO 17 and KC 2) and resistant genotypes (KC 3, GTHV 15–34, GISV 323 and RHC 1409). The mean trichome length was found to be higher in KC 3 (1.21 mm) followed by GISV 323 (1.11 mm) and the highly susceptible check DCH 32 had the lowest mean trichome length of 0.19 mm. The trichome density was observed to be smooth, light hairy or hairy genotypes. Among the moderately resistant genotypes, either smooth or light hairy nature of trichome density was observed. Hairy nature of trichome density was observed among the resistant genotypes. The maximum seed cotton yield per plant was observed in the parent CO 14 (150.35 g) and the lowest yield was obtained in the parent DCH 32 (80.78 g). The highest mean values of abaxial leaf pubescent count (112.3), leaf midrib pubescent count (60.54), leaf vein pubescent count (58.1) and gossypol glands (80.23) was observed in KC 3. The lowest mean values of abaxial leaf pubescent count (20.9), leaf midrib pubescent count (15.6), leaf vein pubescent count (10.9) and gossypol glands (10) were observed in DCH 32. Correlation studies To know the association between the traits taken under study, correlation studies were carried out as illustrated in Table 2 . The number of jassids per plants showed positive highly significant correlation with injury grade (0.878) and a negative non-significant correlation with seed cotton yield per plant (-0.053) remaining all the traits under study exhibited a negative highly significant correlation with the number of jassids per plant same as reported by Mahantesh Sankeshwar et al. (2016). Correlation studies with the jassid population per leaf and the hair density on midrib and vein had a significant but negative correlation as reported by Bhatti et al. ( 2015 ). A negative correlation of number of jassids with trichome density was also reported by Ashfaq et al., ( 2010 ), Rustamani et al., ( 2014 ), Gonde et al., ( 2015 ), Kanher et al., ( 2016 ), Sankeshwar et al. , (2016) and Amin et al. , (2017). The trichome length had a significant positive correlation with trichome density (0.875) and abaxial leaf pubescent count (0.899), leaf midrib pubescent count (0.678), leaf vein pubescent count (0.814) and gossypol glands (0.934). The trichome density had positive significant correlation with abaxial leaf pubescent count (0.835), leaf vein pubescent count (0.742) and gossypol glands (0.720). Abaxial leaf pubescent count had positive highly significant correlation with leaf midrib pubescent count (0.865) and leaf vein pubescent count (0.838). Leaf vein pubescent count (0.819) had a positive highly significant correlation with leaf midrib pubescent count and gossypol glands (0.773). Table 1. Parental mean value assessmet of Jassid resistance related traits Parents Mean Jassid nymph/plant Jassid injury grade Resistance rating scale Mean TL(mm) TD rating SCY (g) ALPC LMC LVC GG MCU 5 8.4 1.8 MR 0.72 3.00 142.47 76.81 34.56 34.76 54 CO14 8.2 1.77 MR 0.74 3.00 150.35 71.21 40.9 55.6 46.8 TCH1828 9.89 1.72 MR 0.75 1.00 119.23 56.7 24.35 30.9 58.9 CO17 9.55 1.51 MR 0.76 3.00 138.84 55.68 40.9 31.2 57.6 KC2 9.12 1.38 MR 0.56 1.00 140.77 45.67 42.45 34.5 56.8 KC3 3.11 0.12 R 1.21 5.00 115.50 112.3 60.54 58.1 80.23 GTHV 15-34 3.25 0.88 R 1.01 5.00 103.96 100.1 50.2 55.6 75.65 GISV 323 4.12 0.87 R 1.11 5.00 130.84 90.1 36.5 42.3 70.9 RHC 1409 6.34 0.84 R 1.06 5.00 96.72 67.8 32.43 45.56 69.87 DCH 32 13.25 4 HS 0.19 1.00 80.78 20.9 15.6 10.9 10 MIN 3.11 0.12 0.19 1.00 80.78 20.90 15.60 10.90 10.00 MAX 13.25 4.00 1.21 5.00 150.35 112.30 60.54 58.10 80.23 SE 0.99 0.31 0.09 0.53 6.85 8.13 3.80 4.40 6.00 CD at 5% 0.44 0.69 0.37 0.55 0.19 0.39 0.33 0.37 0.34 Table 2 Correlation of traits for Jassid resistance studies in parental genotypes NJP IG TL TD Y AL LM LV GG NJP 1 IG .878 ** 1 TL − .927 ** − .931 ** 1 TD − .888 ** − .722 * .875 ** 1 Y -0.053 -0.287 0.105 -0.088 1 AL − .948 ** − .834 ** .899 ** .835 ** 0.173 1 LM − .776 ** − .802 ** .678 * 0.599 0.336 .791 ** 1 LV − .858 ** − .821 ** .814 ** .742 * 0.264 .865 ** .819 ** 1 GG − .881 ** − .982 ** .934 ** .720 * 0.221 .838 ** .740 * .773 ** 1 **. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Hence from the genotypic, cytological, mean performance and correlation studied it is evident that resistant phenotypes have low jassid population with injury grade along with higher trichome length, trichome density and also with higher number of abaxial, midrib and vein pubescent counts. Hairiness confers resistance to jassids was evidence from the results and discussion which would confer breeders develop varieties with high resistance genotypes therby reducing the jassid infestation. The trichomes were found to confer resistance to sucking pests as suggested by Grover et al. ( 2016 ). This henceforth reduce the pesticide consumption in cotton plants thereby paving way for the safety environment for ecological species without harming them. Pesticide usage would be lowered with the use of tolerant genotypes. It also paves way for the improvement of future integrated pest management (IPM) programme. Conclusion Further breeding procedures should be followed in concern with these traits for screening of jassids in cotton which would be an useful selection indirectly increasing the yield component of the plant and also reduces the pesticide consumption in the crop. Thereby safeguarding the environment with the resistant breeding to the biotic stress against jassid population in cotton plants. Declarations Ethical approval There are no ethical issues for the research taken under study. Availabiliy of materials The materials for the study were provided by the Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore. The research was carried out in Department of Biochemistry and CPMB, Coimbatore. Funding not applicable. Competing interests Not applicable Acknowledgements I sincerely thank my friends and professors in my department who helped and guided me through the research. SS is the corresponding author of the journal, RS and PN helped in draft correction, KT, MMS and JP supervised the overall work of the article. References Ashfaq M, ul Ane MN, Zia K, Nasreen A. The correlation of abiotic factors and physico-morphic charateristics of (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bt transgenic cotton with whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and jassid, Amrasca devastans (Homoptera: Jassidae) populations. Afr J Agric Res. 2010;5(22):3102–7. Ahuja SL, Banerjee SK, Singh J, Singh P, Singh VV, Monga D, Tuteja OP. Development of Gossypium hirsutum lines with cytoplasmic bollworm tolerance from Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium tomentosum . Plant Breeding. 2009;128(6):712–5. Bhatti JA, Suhail A, Khan MA, Javed N. The role of physico-morphic and chemical plant characters of different genotypes of Bt-cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the population fluctuation of Jassid ( Amrasca biguttula biguttula ) (Ishida)(Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Punjab Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci. 2015;25(6):1626–32. Bourland FM, Hornbeck JM. Variation in marginal bract trichome density in upland cotton. J cotton Sci. 2007;11(4):242–51. Bourland FM, Hornbeck JM, McFall AB, Calhoun SD. A rating system for leaf pubescence of cotton. J Cotton Sci. 2003;7:8–15. Gonde A, Chandele AG, Gurve SS, Wargantiwar RK. Study of Bio-physical characters of Bt hybrids for correlation with Cotton jassid. Annals Plant Prot Sci. 2015;23(2):241–5. Grover G, Kaur B, Pathak D, Kumar V. Genetic variation for leaf trichome density and its association with sucking insect-pests incidence in Asiatic cotton. Indian J Genet Plant Breed. 2016;76:365–8. Hanumantappa M, Pramod K. Incidence and diversity of leafhoppers on sunflower. Karnataka J Agricultural Sci. 2010;23(1):149–50. Kanher FM, Syed TS, Abro GH, Jahangir TM, Tunio SA. Some physio morphological leaf characters of gamma irradiated cotton lines to resistance against jassid ( Amrasca Devastans Dist). J Ent Zool Stud. 2016;4:80–5. Midega CA, Nyang'au IM, Pittchar J, Birkett MA, Pickett JA, Borges M, Khan ZR. Farmers' perceptions of cotton pests and their management in western Kenya. Crop Prot. 2012;42:193–201. (1973). An index for jassid resistance in cotton. Madras Agricultural Journal . 60(4):264–266. Nageswara Rao, Nausherwan NN, Qamar S, Shahid N, Muhammad MI, Muhammad AA, Iftikhar AK. (2011). Genetics of trichomes and its association with fibre and agronomic traits in cotton. African Journal of Biotechnology , 10(20), 3964–3972. Rustamani MA, Khatri I, Leghari MH, Sultana R, Mandokhail AS. Trichomes of cotton leaf as an aspect of resistance to sucking insect pests. Sindh Univ Res Journal-SURJ (Science Series). 2014;46(3):351–6. Sankeshwar M, Patil RS. (2016). Effect of trichome density on the resistance to the jassids in inter-specific G. hirsutum x G. barbadense cotton recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population. Parameters , 2015, 16. Zafar Y, Asif M, Ashraf M, Riaz S, Zafar S, Wahid A, Abbas SQ. Development of genetic linkage map of leaf hairiness in Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) using molecular markers. Pak J Bot. 2009;41(4):1627–35. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 May, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Cotton Research → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 18 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 15 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 03 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 02 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4358047","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":302589532,"identity":"ccf6e409-522c-48dd-9790-cba2469ddbba","order_by":0,"name":"SUBHASHINI S","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-5245","institution":"Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Educational Institutions: Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Group of Institutions","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"SUBHASHINI","middleName":"","lastName":"S","suffix":""},{"id":302589533,"identity":"bcb76c97-ae2d-49b5-9286-15ee272e89a8","order_by":1,"name":"KEERTHIVARMAN K","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-4087","institution":"Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Educational Institutions: Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Group of Institutions","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"KEERTHIVARMAN","middleName":"","lastName":"K","suffix":""},{"id":302589534,"identity":"b5c6dbca-366a-49f2-8369-727daea4861b","order_by":2,"name":"S. Rajeswari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TNAU: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"S.","middleName":"","lastName":"Rajeswari","suffix":""},{"id":302589535,"identity":"88f14e4e-969d-4146-bcfd-6e9bb9258038","order_by":3,"name":"PREMALATHA N","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TNAU: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"PREMALATHA","middleName":"","lastName":"N","suffix":""},{"id":302589536,"identity":"24337eff-3333-4223-bc1b-497e27345887","order_by":4,"name":"KALAIMAGAL T","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TNAU: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"KALAIMAGAL","middleName":"","lastName":"T","suffix":""},{"id":302589537,"identity":"9265406e-2129-42db-84d6-5d25f115435b","order_by":5,"name":"MUTHUSWAMI M","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"MUTHUSWAMI","middleName":"","lastName":"M","suffix":""},{"id":302589538,"identity":"7138d64b-56ca-4603-83b3-31dacd480659","order_by":6,"name":"JEYAKUMAR P","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TNAU: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"JEYAKUMAR","middleName":"","lastName":"P","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-02 09:12:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4358047/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4358047/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-025-00217-1","type":"published","date":"2025-05-02T15:57:38+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56987709,"identity":"d49dd014-704f-450c-b82b-b5cba247e502","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-23 05:29:22","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":156844,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrimer JESPR 154 show amplified fragment at 150 bp which validates the corresponding parents with hairiness trait conferring resistance to Jassid\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4358047/v1/9273d114460e5bb07d5ee759.png"},{"id":56988254,"identity":"1e9953f5-f410-4c79-92c4-01394ba65bbc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-23 05:37:22","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":859779,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAptina MT9M001 image sensor used with compound microscopes, producing clear images of A) MCU 5, B) CO 14, C) CO17, D) TCH 1828, E) KC 2, F) KC 3, G) GISV 323, H)GTHV 15-34 and I)RHC 1409. The images A, B, C, D and E depicts the point where trichome arises and divides into two or remains only one whereas in images F, G H and I had four or five trichome hairs arising at each point showing more hairiness.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4358047/v1/af6120d9ac1067286c06060b.jpeg"},{"id":81987912,"identity":"b56f17ae-0053-472e-a38c-bf39e27b86c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-05 16:06:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2014111,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4358047/v1/4df35552-59e3-4a80-b5b3-4343912566f4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eMolecular, Cytological and Morphological Studies on Jassid Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Based on Hairiness Trait\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eCotton is the world's top natural fiber crop. It belongs to the Malvaceae family and genus \u003cem\u003eGossypium\u003c/em\u003e, which has about 50 species, including 45 diploids (2n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;26) and 5 allotetraploids (2n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;52). \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e L., \u003cem\u003eG. arboreum\u003c/em\u003e L., \u003cem\u003eG. herbaceum\u003c/em\u003e L., and \u003cem\u003eG. barbadense\u003c/em\u003e L. are the four cotton species farmed in India. North and Central America, as well as Mexico, are the geographic centers of origin for \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e. The present aim of the study is to identify the polymorphism present in \u003cem\u003eG. hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e L. cultivated species for quality and trichome hairiness traits. The trichome hairiness trait confers resistance against Jassids (\u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula\u003c/em\u003e). According to Sankeshwar \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2016) the important and serious pest that retards the growth of plant was jassid (\u003cem\u003eAmrasca bigutulla bigutulla\u003c/em\u003e (Ishida) (Homoptera:Cicadellidae). It also causes yield loss in cotton. The cotton was damaged by both jassid nymphs and adults by sucking the cell sap and laying its eggs on the midrib of the leaves. Hence the sucking causes the leaf turns pale yellow, curl downwards and then fall off later. A familiar tool to control the pest is bio-intensive pest management. If the resistant genotypes were identified, it could be transferred to related genotypes through appropriate breeding methods. The epidermis of leaves, shoots and roots have unicellular outgrowths called trichomes. The trichome covering the plant surface is collectively called pubescence. The hairiness acts as non-preference trait against the cotton sucking insect pests as suggested by Nausherwan \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2011). The trichome density varying in degrees on the leaves of Gossypium species and cultivars. This denotes the resistant or susceptible genotypes. The present study also investigates about the traits that would confer resistance to cotton thereby enhancing the yield of the population by controlling the sucking pests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParental materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMCU 5, CO 14, CO 17, TCH 1828, KC 2, KC 3, GISV 323, GTHV 15-34 and RHC 1409 were used for the present study. They were obtained from the Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Department of Cotton, Coimbatore. They were raised during in August 2021 with two rows each with the spacing of 90 cm X 45 cm. Agronomical and cultural practices were followed as recommended and as per the schedule.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy generally following the process (Zhang and Stewart, 2000), genomic DNA was extracted from the cotton leaves of the parents, and the quantity and quality of DNA was verified for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using a NanodropTM 1000 spectrophotometer. After verification the amplified fragments from PCR (using the primers for the fibre quality and trichome hairiness traits) were separated through agarose gel electrophoresis and scoring of banding patterns and parental polymorphism identification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCR\u0026nbsp;amplification\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbout 27 primers with high PIC values were obtained from the cotton marker database (CMD) (http://www.cottonmarker.org/) developed by Mainlab at Washington State University. These primers were commercially synthesized and procured from Eurofins Genomics Pvt. Ltd. 2X SMART PRIME PCR Master mixes were used for amplification. The following primers were used for the study (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTable 1. Particulars of primer pairs used for molecular study\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"605\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eS.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarker\u0026nbsp;Name\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"53.973509933774835%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimer sequence\u0026nbsp;(5\u0026rsquo;-3\u0026rsquo;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnnealing Temperature\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003e˚\u003cstrong\u003eC)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCTTTATCCGGAGACGGAACA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCTAACTTTTGCTCACCCCCA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIR316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTTACAGGCACTACCACC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCCTTTCTGGCGACTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCGATAACGGCTATAGTAATCTCTC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCAACAAATAAGCAGCCAAGAAA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL3599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTTTAGCCCCAGTAACATGCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eACTGCAAGCTCTGCCCTAAA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL3147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eATGGCTCTCTCTGAGCGTGT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCGGTTCAGAGGCTTTGTTGT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1513\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTTTCACAAGCACAACCATAGG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAATACAGGTTCAAAGTTGATAGGG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1440\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCCGAAATATACTTGTCATCTAAACG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCCCCCGGACTAATTTTTCAA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1964\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGGGAGGGGGAGGTTCTC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCGGTAGTCCTCCACCATGTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTTATTCTAACCACCGCCTCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTGAGTGGATATGCTTGGCCT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIR014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAGCTTGCCTCTTTCTG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eACATTAGAACTCCCTGCT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1878\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTGCTTCAACTGCTCTTGCAT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCGATATCTGGAACACCCAC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL2568\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGGGAAGAGAGGGAGACTAACG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eATTTTGATAGGTTGGTTTTGTCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1059\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCCTTCTCTGACACTCTGCCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTGTATTCTCTTCTTTTCCTTATACTTTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL1693\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCCCTTGGGAATAGC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCATGTGTCTCCGTGTGTGTGTG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL2884\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCAACTCATACCAAATCAATTCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCCCTGTTTTGTTCAATGGGT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNAU1215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGAGTGAGACTGGAGCTGGTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCAAATCATTGTTTGCAGCAG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIR199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCAGAATTTGACCGTTTC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGCCATGATATTTCGGT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL3580\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCTTGTTTACATTCCCTTCTTTATACC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCAAAGGCGAACTCTTCCAAA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMUSB1035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCATGATAGCAACGAGTGGTGC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGTCGAGTTGTATTAGTGTGCCCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIR0407\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGCACAGAACATCCATACA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCTCTCTCTCTTTCACACAC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL 1059\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCCTTCTCTGACACTCTGCCC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTGTATTCTCTTCTTTTCCTTATACTTTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBNL 3255\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGACAGTCAAACAGAACAGATATGC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTGTATTCTCTTCTTTTCCTTATACTTTT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIR 246\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTTAGGGTTTAGTTGAATGG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eATGAACACACGCACG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCIR 307\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGACTTGAAAAGATTACACAC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGAATTTGCTGGCTCT\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJESPR 153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGATTACCTTCATAGGCCACTG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGAAAACATGAGCATCCTGTG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJESPR 127\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGATTTGGGTAACATTGGCTC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCTGCAGTGTTGTGTTGGGTAGA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.781456953642384%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.218543046357617%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJESPR 154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"4.139072847682119%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"49.83443708609271%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGTTCCCTCAGTTGCTCAGAAG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.026490066225165%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55˚C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.668711656441718%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"92.33128834355828%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGGAGGAGTTGGCAGAAAATAGC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Separation of amplified fragments using Agarose gel electrophoresis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA 3% (w/v) agarose gel was casted in a chamber filled with 0.5 X TBE buffer, and the amplified products, together with a ladder of 100 base pairs, were loaded into the wells to determine the size of the amplified fragment of the product. For 2.30 hours, the PCR products were operated at 90 volts. After electrophoresis, the gel was taken from the tank, inspected under UV light, and photographed using a gel documentation equipment (Bio-rad Gel Doc XR imaging system).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAnalysis\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;scoring\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;banding\u0026nbsp;patterns\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 27 SSR primer pairs were used to study polymorphism among 9 parents. All 27 primers produced were clear, scorable and unambiguous bands and they were chosen for parental polymorphism analysis. DNA bands were scored which was present in the agarose gel for their presence and absence across the genotypes in the form of binary codes (presence \u0026ndash; 1; absence \u0026ndash; 0).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber of Jassids per plant and Injury Grade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHopper burn injury was assessed as per the Indian Central Cotton Committee (ICCC, 1960) methods and based on resultant symptoms of infestation. \u0026nbsp;A visual rating of hopper injury on each entry was recorded on 15\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e, 30th, 45\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e, 60\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e and 75\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e days after sowing and means injury index (grade index) was calculated. \u0026nbsp;The hopper burn grades consist of following grades.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.405405405405405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrades\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94.5945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSymptoms\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.405405405405405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94.5945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaves free from crinkling or with no yellowing, bronzing and drying\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.405405405405405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94.5945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFew leaves on lower portions of the plant curling, crinkling and slight yellowing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.405405405405405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94.5945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrinkling and curling all over, yellowing, bronzing and browning in the middle and lower portion, plant growth hampered; and\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"5.405405405405405%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"94.5945945945946%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExtreme curling, yellowing, bronzing and browning, drying of leaves and defoliation, stunted growth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA leafhopper resistance index was calculated as proposed by Nageswara Rao (1973), which is\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; G\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e x P\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e + G\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e X P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e + G\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e X P\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e + G\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e X P\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; --------------------------------------\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;P\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e + P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e + P\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e + P\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere G represented the number of the grade of ICCC and P the number of plants under the each entry. Grouping of injury index to categories of resistance was as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"52%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"45.45454545454545%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrade index\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"54.54545454545455%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"45.45454545454545%\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ndash; 1.0\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026ndash; 2.0\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1 \u0026ndash; 3.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1 \u0026ndash; 4.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"54.54545454545455%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResistant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately resistant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSusceptible\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly susceptible\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrichome length and density analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pubescence traits, involved in jassid resistance, were observed on the plants based on qualitative grading (Pubescence rating) and quantitative measurement (Trichome density and trichome length) as detailed by Bourland \u003cem\u003eet al.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(2003) and Hornbeck and Bourland (2007).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe number of trichomes/unit area were recorded in each genotype for Abaxial Leaf Pubescent Count (ALPC), Leaf Midrib pubescent Count (LMC), Leaf Vein pubescent Count (LVC). The trichome density was recorded on leaves based on the two criteria devised by Bourland \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2003). Qualitative grading system for trichomes: Upper, middle and lower portion of the selected plant leaves were assessed for the trichome density rating in random.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"64%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.43434343434343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrichome density scale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"56.56565656565657%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"43.43434343434343%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"56.56565656565657%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmooth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLightly hairy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHairy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVery hairy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePilose\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQuantitative measure of leaf trichomes: The same leaves taken for the study of qualitative grading were used for the quantitative measure of trichomes. In index card with an area of 0.1 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e was used for the observation. Data was recorded over the abaxial side, leaf veins and leaf midrib of each leaf from three different positions and averaged. Trichomes in the 0.1 cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e area were counted with the aid of high magnifying power microscope (Stereo Zoom microscope). The mean for trichomes cm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e was determined separately for each trichome count taken on three different positions of the plant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrichome length and density analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAptina MT9M001 image sensor used with compound \u0026nbsp;microscopes, producing clear images with very good contrast and color. With the ScopePhoto software the images were displayed on the slides for the leaf samples that were freshly collected at 50 DAS and cut to the size of one centimeter square and then directly viewed on the computer screen. Then still photographs were captured and then the pictures were saved for the trichome studies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Result and discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAmong the 96 species of insects the major destructive to the crop is the jassid, \u003cem\u003eAmrasca devastans\u003c/em\u003e (Dist.) and is considered the most noxious pest of the cotton. 5–45% of yield losses are caused by sucking complex as reported by Ahuja et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). The usage of insecticides which are improper and non-selective causes resistance in insects. This also pose problems like environmental pollution and health hazards for human beings as suggested by Khan \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2013). The host plant resistance methodology is the only hope to minimize pest pressure on cotton crops. Physio-morphological changes against herbivore insects increase the host plant resistance. Jassid, \u003cem\u003eA. devastans\u003c/em\u003e is a major pest of cotton, which feeds on seedling, vegetative growth upto the maturity of the crop. While sucking the cell sap from plants it injects toxic material as said by Lanjer \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2014). According to Madar \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2010) the plants get dry, the leaves turn down and finally dies during heavy infestations of jassid which is responsible for reduced growth and yield losses. The trichome density on cotton leaves decides the host plant’s resistance/susceptibility. The jassid avoids reproducing and feeding on highly dense and elongated trichomes at the lower side of the leaf as reported by Kanher et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eGenotypic and cytological studies\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eZafar et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e) studied the genetic linkage map of leaf hairiness in upland cotton using molecular markers. He used 400 RAPD and 54 SSR primers. JESPR-154 primer amplified at 150 bp DNA fragment in hairiness population. A linkage map was developed by using polymorphic DNA markers by him. Insect resistance in cotton could be improved through the construction of genetic linkage map using RAPD and SSR markers which revealed that the inheritance for leaf hairiness exists.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the 27 primers used only JESPR 154 primer showed amplified fragment at 150 bp which validates the corresponding parents with hairiness trait conferring resistance to Jassid given in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. In order to phenotypically and cytologically determine the trichome length and density Aptina MT9M001 image sensor used with compound microscopes provided the results as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. From the images correlating the primer amplified at 150bp in KC 3, GISV 323, GTHV 15–34 and RHC 1409 had trichomes with count of three to five with the same initiating point. But for parents MCU 5, CO 14, CO 17, TCH 1828 and KC 2 the band amplified\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigher than 150 bp correlating with the images in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. A, B, C, D and E could be apparently visualized the development of only one or two hairs which exhibit lower trichome density compared to the figures F, G, H and I.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMean performance\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrom the mean Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, the resistant parent KC 3 had the lowest jassid population (3.11) followed by GTHV 15–34 (3.25). The maximum number of jassid population was observed in susceptible check DCH 32 (13.25). Based on the jassid injury grade the total parental genotypes were divided into moderately resistant (MCU 5, CO 14, TCH 1828, CO 17 and KC 2) and resistant genotypes (KC 3, GTHV 15–34, GISV 323 and RHC 1409). The mean trichome length was found to be higher in KC 3 (1.21 mm) followed by GISV 323 (1.11 mm) and the highly susceptible check DCH 32 had the lowest mean trichome length of 0.19 mm. The trichome density was observed to be smooth, light hairy or hairy genotypes. Among the moderately resistant genotypes, either smooth or light hairy nature of trichome density was observed. Hairy nature of trichome density was observed among the resistant genotypes. The maximum seed cotton yield per plant was observed in the parent CO 14 (150.35 g) and the lowest yield was obtained in the parent DCH 32 (80.78 g). The highest mean values of abaxial leaf pubescent count (112.3), leaf midrib pubescent count (60.54), leaf vein pubescent count (58.1) and gossypol glands (80.23) was observed in KC 3. The lowest mean values of abaxial leaf pubescent count (20.9), leaf midrib pubescent count (15.6), leaf vein pubescent count (10.9) and gossypol glands (10) were observed in DCH 32.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCorrelation studies\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo know the association between the traits taken under study, correlation studies were carried out as illustrated in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The number of jassids per plants showed positive highly significant correlation with injury grade (0.878) and a negative non-significant correlation with seed cotton yield per plant (-0.053) remaining all the traits under study exhibited a negative highly significant correlation with the number of jassids per plant same as reported by Mahantesh Sankeshwar \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e (2016). Correlation studies with the jassid population per leaf and the hair density on midrib and vein had a significant but negative correlation as reported by Bhatti et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). A negative correlation of number of jassids with trichome density was also reported by Ashfaq et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e), Rustamani et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), Gonde et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), Kanher et al., (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), Sankeshwar \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2016) and Amin \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2017). The trichome length had a significant positive correlation with trichome density (0.875) and abaxial leaf pubescent count (0.899), leaf midrib pubescent count (0.678), leaf vein pubescent count (0.814) and gossypol glands (0.934). The trichome density had positive significant correlation with abaxial leaf pubescent count (0.835), leaf vein pubescent count (0.742) and gossypol glands (0.720). Abaxial leaf pubescent count had positive highly significant correlation with leaf midrib pubescent count (0.865) and leaf vein pubescent count (0.838). Leaf vein pubescent count (0.819) had a positive highly significant correlation with leaf midrib pubescent count and gossypol glands (0.773).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Parental mean value assessmet of Jassid resistance related traits\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"772\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.694408322496749%\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean Jassid nymph/plant\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJassid injury grade\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResistance rating scale\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean TL(mm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTD rating\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSCY (g)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eALPC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLMC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLVC\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGG\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMCU 5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCO14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTCH1828\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCO17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKC2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKC3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eR\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5.00\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e115.50\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGTHV 15-34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGISV 323\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRHC 1409\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDCH 32\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13.25\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1.00\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e80.78\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMIN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMAX\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.1703511053315996%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.524057217165149%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCD at 5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13.263979193758127%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.41222366710013%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.18335500650195%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.492847854356308%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.282184655396619%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"8.322496749024708%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.542262678803641%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.022106631989597%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.8920676202860855%\" valign=\"bottom\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelation of traits for Jassid resistance studies in parental genotypes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNJP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNJP\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.878\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .927\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .931\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .888\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .722\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.875\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.287\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.088\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAL\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .948\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .834\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.899\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.835\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .776\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .802\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.678\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.599\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.336\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.791\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .858\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .821\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.814\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.742\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.264\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.865\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.819\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGG\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .881\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e− .982\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.934\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.720\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.221\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.838\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.740\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e.773\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003eHence from the genotypic, cytological, mean performance and correlation studied it is evident that resistant phenotypes have low jassid population with injury grade along with higher trichome length, trichome density and also with higher number of abaxial, midrib and vein pubescent counts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHairiness confers resistance to jassids was evidence from the results and discussion which would confer breeders develop varieties with high resistance genotypes therby reducing the jassid infestation. The trichomes were found to confer resistance to sucking pests as suggested by Grover et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). This henceforth reduce the pesticide consumption in cotton plants thereby paving way for the safety environment for ecological species without harming them. Pesticide usage would be lowered with the use of tolerant genotypes. It also paves way for the improvement of future integrated pest management (IPM) programme.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eFurther breeding procedures should be followed in concern with these traits for screening of jassids in cotton which would be an useful selection indirectly increasing the yield component of the plant and also reduces the pesticide consumption in the crop. Thereby safeguarding the environment with the resistant breeding to the biotic stress against jassid population in cotton plants.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are no ethical issues for the research taken under study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailabiliy of materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe materials for the study were provided by the Department of Cotton, TNAU, Coimbatore. The research was carried out in Department of Biochemistry and CPMB, Coimbatore. Funding not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI sincerely thank my friends and professors in my department who helped and guided me through the research. SS is the corresponding author of the journal, RS and PN helped in draft correction, KT, MMS and JP supervised the overall work of the article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAshfaq M, ul Ane MN, Zia K, Nasreen A. The correlation of abiotic factors and physico-morphic charateristics of (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bt transgenic cotton with whitefly, \u003cem\u003eBemisia tabaci\u003c/em\u003e (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and jassid, \u003cem\u003eAmrasca devastans\u003c/em\u003e (Homoptera: Jassidae) populations. Afr J Agric Res. 2010;5(22):3102\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAhuja SL, Banerjee SK, Singh J, Singh P, Singh VV, Monga D, Tuteja OP. Development of \u003cem\u003eGossypium hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e lines with cytoplasmic bollworm tolerance from \u003cem\u003eGossypium arboreum\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eGossypium tomentosum\u003c/em\u003e. Plant Breeding. 2009;128(6):712\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBhatti JA, Suhail A, Khan MA, Javed N. The role of physico-morphic and chemical plant characters of different genotypes of Bt-cotton (\u003cem\u003eGossypium hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e L.) in the population fluctuation of Jassid (\u003cem\u003eAmrasca biguttula biguttula\u003c/em\u003e) (Ishida)(Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Punjab Pakistan. J Anim Plant Sci. 2015;25(6):1626\u0026ndash;32.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBourland FM, Hornbeck JM. Variation in marginal bract trichome density in upland cotton. J cotton Sci. 2007;11(4):242\u0026ndash;51.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBourland FM, Hornbeck JM, McFall AB, Calhoun SD. A rating system for leaf pubescence of cotton. J Cotton Sci. 2003;7:8\u0026ndash;15.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGonde A, Chandele AG, Gurve SS, Wargantiwar RK. Study of Bio-physical characters of Bt hybrids for correlation with Cotton jassid. Annals Plant Prot Sci. 2015;23(2):241\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGrover G, Kaur B, Pathak D, Kumar V. Genetic variation for leaf trichome density and its association with sucking insect-pests incidence in Asiatic cotton. Indian J Genet Plant Breed. 2016;76:365\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHanumantappa M, Pramod K. Incidence and diversity of leafhoppers on sunflower. Karnataka J Agricultural Sci. 2010;23(1):149\u0026ndash;50.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKanher FM, Syed TS, Abro GH, Jahangir TM, Tunio SA. Some physio morphological leaf characters of gamma irradiated cotton lines to resistance against jassid (\u003cem\u003eAmrasca Devastans\u003c/em\u003e Dist). J Ent Zool Stud. 2016;4:80\u0026ndash;5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMidega CA, Nyang'au IM, Pittchar J, Birkett MA, Pickett JA, Borges M, Khan ZR. Farmers' perceptions of cotton pests and their management in western Kenya. Crop Prot. 2012;42:193\u0026ndash;201.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1973). An index for jassid resistance in cotton. \u003cem\u003eMadras Agricultural Journal\u003c/em\u003e. 60(4):264\u0026ndash;266. Nageswara Rao, Nausherwan NN, Qamar S, Shahid N, Muhammad MI, Muhammad AA, Iftikhar AK. (2011). Genetics of trichomes and its association with fibre and agronomic traits in cotton. \u003cem\u003eAfrican Journal of Biotechnology\u003c/em\u003e, 10(20), 3964\u0026ndash;3972.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRustamani MA, Khatri I, Leghari MH, Sultana R, Mandokhail AS. Trichomes of cotton leaf as an aspect of resistance to sucking insect pests. Sindh Univ Res Journal-SURJ (Science Series). 2014;46(3):351\u0026ndash;6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSankeshwar M, Patil RS. (2016). Effect of trichome density on the resistance to the jassids in inter-specific G. hirsutum x G. barbadense cotton recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population. \u003cem\u003eParameters\u003c/em\u003e, 2015, 16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZafar Y, Asif M, Ashraf M, Riaz S, Zafar S, Wahid A, Abbas SQ. Development of genetic linkage map of leaf hairiness in \u003cem\u003eGossypium hirsutum\u003c/em\u003e (cotton) using molecular markers. Pak J Bot. 2009;41(4):1627\u0026ndash;35.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-cotton-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cotn","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Cotton Research](https://jcottonres.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/cotn/default.aspx","title":"Journal of Cotton Research","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, Trichomes, Jassids and Molecular","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4358047/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4358047/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe parents MCU 5, CO 14, CO 17, TCH 1828, KC 2, KC 3, GISV 323, GTHV 15\u0026ndash;34 and RHC 1409 of upland cotton were used for the present study. They were obtained from the Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Department of cotton, Coimbatore. Among the 27 primers used only JESPR 154 primer showed amplified fragment at 150 bp which validates the corresponding parents with hairiness trait conferring resistance to Jassid. The hairy nature of trichome density was observed among the resistant genotypes (KC 3, GTHV 15\u0026ndash;34, GISV 323 and RHC 1409). Hairiness confers resistance to jassids was evidence from the results and discussion which would confer breeders develop varieties with high resistance genotypes thereby reducing the jassid infestation. The trichomes were found to confer resistance to sucking pests. This henceforth reduce the pesticide consumption in cotton plants thereby paving the way for a safety environment for ecological species without harming them. Pesticide usage would be lowered with the use of tolerant genotypes. It also paves way for the improvement of future integrated pest management (IPM) programme.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Molecular, Cytological and Morphological Studies on Jassid Resistance in Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Based on Hairiness Trait","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-23 05:29:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4358047/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-05-18T16:16:04+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-15T04:18:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-05-03T06:12:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Cotton Research","date":"2024-05-02T05:11:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-cotton-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cotn","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Cotton Research](https://jcottonres.biomedcentral.com)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/cotn/default.aspx","title":"Journal of Cotton Research","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"def1a4d0-7821-44a7-8219-9e420219a934","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 23rd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-05T16:03:39+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4358047","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-025-00217-1","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-cotton-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Journal of Cotton Research"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-02 15:57:38","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 2nd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-23 05:29:18","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s42397-025-00217-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-025-00217-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4358047","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4358047","identity":"rs-4358047","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}