Exploring the functional quality attributes of smart home for the elderly based on qualitative research and Kano model

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Methods: This study conducts semi-structured interviews with elderly individuals in China, analyzing transcripts using NVivo to guide questionnaire design. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey is administered to the elderly in China, with the data processed using both the traditional Kano model and the Better-Worse-based Kano model. Results: The study results reveal that the elderly aged 60-69 prioritize health, life and entertainment functions, identifying two are Must-be quality, five are One-dimensional quality and one is Attractive quality. The elderly aged 70 and above focus on health, life and emotion functions, identifying one is Must-be quality, six are One-dimensional quality and two are Attractive quality. Conclusions: The study reveals distinct needs among different elderly age groups. Through the classification of functional attributes of smart home for the elderly, development strategies can be precisely formulated to better meet the needs of different age groups. ageing smart home quality attribute qualitative research Kano model. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Background According to “World Social Report 2023”, the number of people aged 65 years or older worldwide is projected to more than double, rising from 761 million in 2021 to 1.6 billion in 2050 [ 1 ]. International communities appeal to catalyze collaborative efforts to improve the well-being of the elderly within their homes and communities, fostering their longer and healthier lives [ 2 , 3 ]. ‘Smart home’ is defined as a residence equipped with smart technologies that allow monitoring of its inhabitants and/or encourages independence and the maintenance of good health [ 4 – 6 ]. It plays an important role in providing tailored services for the elderly to improve their life quality [ 7 – 9 ]. Enhancing the innovative design and development of smart home for the elderly holds great significance. In recent years, research on smart home for the elderly has significantly increased spurred by their considerably improved affordability and simplicity [ 10 ]. However, existing scholarly discourse predominantly gravitates towards technical domains [ 11 ], neglecting the perspectives of elderly users, which is pivotal for fostering smart home implementation and uptake [ 5 ]. Within the limited corpus of literature that engages with the elderly perspective, emphasis has primarily been placed on the physiological dimensions of the elderly [ 8 ], such as healthcare [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], security and monitoring [ 15 ], fall detection [ 16 ]. The exploration of real needs beyond the physiological dimension has been insufficient, impeding the ability to effectively address the intrinsic needs of the elderly. Given that elderly individuals possess different needs [ 10 ], influenced by different ages [ 17 , 18 ], preferences [ 19 ], it is essential to classify the attributes of smart home for the elderly while taking these factors into account [ 20 ]. In light of the abovementioned actual issues and research gaps, it emerges as a pressing and paramount concern to explore the functional attributes of smart home for the elderly from the perspective of the elderly themselves while considering their varying ages and preferences. Qualitative data can yield meaningful findings that offer unique insights, often unattainable through quantitative research. High-quality qualitative research, when properly managed and utilized, provides deep and nuanced understandings that are crucial in many research contexts [ 21 , 22 ]. Some scholars employed the method of coding interview transcripts, enabling the thematic analysis of qualitative data to obtain core categories and unearth valuable research insights. For instance, Chen et al. [ 23 ] used NVivo to code and thematically analyze the interview transcripts to understand mental health issues among Irish employees arising from COVID-19 adaptation. Mazigo et al. [ 24 ] used NVivo to digitally record, transcribe, and analyze to get information such as what healthcare workers know about FGS. To improve the quality of qualitative research, we plan to conduct semi-structured interviews, code the qualitative data using NVivo, and perform a thematic analysis to capture core categories. This approach is feasible for preliminarily investigating the market state of smart home for the elderly and will guide the questionnaire design. The Kano model is a simple and effective method for identifying quality attributes, which assesses the attribute directly affecting user satisfaction and their role in quality perception [ 25 , 26 ]. The different Kano models have been used to scientifically and quantitatively explore the specific needs of the elderly [ 27 , 28 ], which helps improve their life quality in later years and decrease physical and psychological stress. Yuan et al. [ 29 ] analyzed the needs of telenursing among Empty-Nest Elderly individuals with Chronic diseases Using the Better-Worse based Kano model to obtain quality attributes for functions. Similarly, Yuan et al. [ 30 ] explored the needs of 285 telenursing for community-Dwelling Empty-Nest elderly through traditional Kano model and Better-Worse based Kano model. Qiao and Zhang [ 31 ] explored the quality needs of landscape architecture courses on MOOC using traditional Kano model and Better-Worse based Kano model. Given the advantages of Kano model in the extraction and analysis of commodity attributes, we employ both traditional Kano and the Better-Worse-based Kano models to explore and analyze the specific needs of elderly individuals in different ages for smart home for the elderly features. With the escalating severity of aging, the elderly emerge as a pivotal demographic of smart homes, necessitating a comprehensive exploration of their distinctive requirements. Therefore, we focus on the actual needs of elderly users in their later years and approach study from their perspective. Based on the abovementioned methods, we initially obtain interviews transcripts with the elderly through qualitative research and utilize software coding to draw conclusions. These findings subsequently guide the questionnaire design, and in particular assist in the identification of key functions of smart home for the elderly. After recycling and cleaning questionnaires, we analyze the data using traditional Kano model and the Better-Worse-based Kano model respectively to explore the attributes of smart home for the elderly. Methods We focus on the functional needs of smart home for the elderly and the quality classification of each function. Utilizing a qualitative research approach involving semi-structured interviews, we formulate questionnaires informed by analyzed results, followed by an exploration of smart home for the elderly functions quality using the Kano model. This study is structured into three key stages as Fig. 1 . Stage 1 Qualitative research. Initially, 15 elderly participants are recruited to partake in semi-structured interviews, all transcripts are subsequently coded using NVivo. Themes extracted from responses are used to identify variables in the questionnaire’s fifth section. Stage 2 Questionnaire design and survey. Drawing on themes identified in qualitative research and Kano model, adjustments are made to model’s structure to finalize the questionnaire. Subsequently, study participants are invited to complete the questionnaire through a combination of online (questionnaire website) and offline (paper) methods. Stage 3 Data cleaning and analysis. Initially, collected data undergo cleaning procedures and analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Reliability and validity testing precede analysis with the traditional Kano model. Subsequently, functional quality attributes are further scrutinized by calculating the Better-Worse index and sensitivity. Qualitative research At the outset of research, a cohort of 15 elderly individuals from China, aged 60 and above, comprising 5 males and 10 females with an average age of 67.5 years, are invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The interviews are audio-recorded and last between 5 to 15 minutes each, with an average word count of 1011. The interview content predominantly centers on following themes: (1) introducing the topic, (2) addressing basic needs and concerns, and (3) preferences of needs regarding smart home for the elderly. After the semi-structured interviews, we transcribe all audio-recorded verbatim and design a categorization outline. The transcripts are manually coded in NVivo to minimize systematic coding errors, and recurring codes are gathered into codebooks. Similar codebooks are identified and categorized to distill thematic results. Finally, the results are discussed to summarize the current market situation of smart home for the elderly. Questionnaire design and surveys Questionnaire design To comprehensively explore the elderly’s needs regarding smart home, this study utilizes a questionnaire survey methodology informed by semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire design is informed by: (1) analysis results of semi-structured interviews, (2) discussions derived from the relevant literature review. The questionnaire comprises five sections: (1) demographics; (2) health status; (3) aging styles; (4) knowledge/use of smart home for the elderly; and (5) preferences for smart home for elderly features. Sections 1–4 address user’s personal characteristics. Section 5 explores quality attribute preferences for smart home for the elderly features among elderly individuals of different age groups (60–69, 70 and above), which involves 4 themes and 15 dimensions, as outlined in Table 1 . According to Kano model, a total of 15 dimensions are designed into 15 pairs of forward and reverse questions (question structure: satisfaction level with the feature, satisfaction level when it is not available, and satisfaction level divides into 5: very good, okay, indifferent, not so good, and not good). The questions in the questionnaire are presented in textual format to facilitate participants in comprehending and articulating their genuine attitudes. Table 1 Functions and indicators for quality evaluation of smart home for the elderly Function Number Function Indicator Number Indicator A Life A1 Smart security and anti-theft A2 Emergency contact call A3 Reminder to important matters A4 Automatic cleaning of home environment A5 Automatic home one-touch switch A6 Automatic adjustment of lights, temperature, etc. B Health B1 Sleep Assistance B2 Remote medicine B3 Monitoring of body data B4 Customized Health Services C Emotion C1 Remote accompaniment of children C2 Smart Voice Robot C3 Smart Emotional Attention D Entertainment D1 Smart Home Theater/KTV D2 Smart personalized music/videos Surveys With the population aged above 60 expected to reach 402 million in 2040 [ 32 ], China has become one of the most representative countries facing population aging. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China placed significant emphasis on the development and application of smart home for the elderly products [ 33 ], providing a good background for this study. According to the World Health Organization’s definition, this study’s questionnaire targets China’s elderly aged 60 and above. Initially, a pre-survey and data testing are conducted to ensure the questionnaires met necessary criteria for formal survey. Subsequently, the formal survey is carried out from December 2022 to February 2023. Finally collect 454 total questionnaires and get 393 valid questionnaires after data cleaning. Kano model Traditional Kano model The traditional Kano model transforms user satisfaction situations collected from questionnaires into quality attributes of product features. The quality attribute classification with the highest frequency or percentage of each indicator are counted. Subsequently, the product features are categorized into 5 categories (Table 2 ): Must-be quality (M), One-dimensional quality (O), Attractive quality (A), Indifferent quality (I) and Reverse quality (R). After eliminating the Reverse quality (R), the priority order of smart home for the elderly functional quality attributes is M > O > A > I. Table 2 Kano model evaluation Product Features Not equipped Very good Okay Indifferent Not so good Not good Equipped Very good Q A A A O Okay R I I I M Indifferent R I I I M Not so good R I I I M Not good R R R R Q Better-worse index method and sensitivity calculation Berger et al. [ 34 ] optimized the traditional Kano model and proposed the Better-Worse index, which calculates the user’s Satisfaction Index (SI) and Dissatisfaction Index (DSI) to establish Better-Worse index coordinates. Better-Worse index elucidates the efficacy of each feature in augmenting user satisfaction and mitigating user dissatisfaction. According to the study, the categorized user needs were transformed into emotional attributes, and the degree of user need for each functional attribute was measured using satisfaction and calculated using the Better-Worse index formula. SI coefficient represents the magnitude of enhancement in user satisfaction resulting from the presence of a function, with values ranging from 0 to 1. A higher SI value indicates a more substantial impact on enhancing user satisfaction. Conversely, |DSI| coefficient reflects the decrease in user satisfaction when the function is absent, also ranging from 0 to 1. A higher |DSI| value suggests a weaker effect on reducing user satisfaction levels. When selecting functions for product development within the same category, the guiding principle is to prioritize those with higher SI coefficient values and lower |DSI| coefficients, signifying heightened user sensitivity towards them. $$Better=\left( {A+O} \right)/\left( {A+0+M+I} \right)$$ 1 $$Worse= - 1 \times \left( {O+M} \right)/(A+0+M+I)$$ 2 $$S=\sqrt {Bette{r^2}+{{\left| {Worse} \right|}^2}}$$ 3 Results Qualitative findings After NVivo analysis, we obtain 234 reference code points, summarize them into 83 initial categories, then organize them into 14 main categories. Through analysis and comparison between the categories, we distill them into four core categories. The coding results are shown in Table 3 . Table 3 The codes of the elderly interview transcript Selective coding (core categories) Spindle code (main category) Number of node references Corresponding questionnaire setting section Basic situation of the elderly Better health 15 (1) demographics (2) health status Enrichment of daily life 23 Problems in life 12 Acceptance of smart home for the elderly Medium acceptance 23 (3) aging styles (4) knowledge/use of smart home for the elderly Diverse factors affecting acceptance 26 Use of smart home for the elderly Most the elderly have used 15 Problems prevalent in use 9 Single type of product used 12 Various reasons for non-use 18 Demand for smart home for the elderly products Basic needs 12 (5) preferences for smart home for elderly features Health needs 23 Emotional needs 14 Life needs 20 Entertainment needs 12 Note : Due to the large number of initial categories, only the core and main categories are listed in the table. Qualitative analysis The qualitative analyses of the above four core categories are as follows: Basic situations of the elderly: Generally, the elderly enjoy good health, but aged 70 and above are slightly weaker. Their daily lives are fulfilling and active, such as chatting, playing cards, watching TV, singing and dancing, cleaning, and physical exercise. However, some issues are reported by the elderly, including memory loss, difficulty with cleaning, inability to bend down and exert themselves, and poor sleep quality. Acceptance of smart home for the elderly: Most older adults do not understand smart home for the elderly, but do not outright reject it. Their acceptance is moderate, with high price being the main factor affecting their acceptance. Most older adults lack knowledge about smart home for the elderly, “I do not know much about this area, these concepts are not well understood.” Some older adults have a basic understanding of the products they have used, “The products I have used are definitely still familiar to me.” For the factors affecting acceptance, older adults mainly mention price, “The price should still be moderate, because now everyone’s retirement salary and the usual consumption are not too high.” In addition, there are factors such as complexity of operation, uneven quality, and brand awareness. Use of smart home for the elderly: Some older adults have used smart home for the elderly, but they often encounter common issues: “We do not remember too well now, we are afraid of forgetting passwords, which is not easy to deal with.” “Sometimes it takes a long time to learn how to operate these devices. If I do not use it for a while, I will forget, and have to ask my daughter to teach me again, which is troublesome.” Furthermore, the types of products used are limited, primarily consisting of smart TVs, monitors, door locks, watches, and other basic devices. Demand for smart home for the elderly: Health functions are the most valued category for the elderly, including body detection, remote medical diagnosis, and sleep monitoring. Additionally, life functions are important, including reminder systems, house cleaning, and smart security. Figure 2 shows statistics for coding points, revealing significant differences in the categories of need between two age groups of the elderly. For individuals aged 60–69, there is a greater demand for entertainment because recent retirement and increased free time. For those aged 70 and above, the demand for emotional companionship is more prominent, “If the smart home can simulate having children to share my life and engage in conversation, and if children can communicate with me through monitoring or a robot, it is very good, I still crave this kind of companionship when I am old.” Questionnaire design supporting The analysis results show that the number of nodes in the health category is 11 in the 60–69 age group and 12 in the 70 and above age group. Similarly, the number of nodes in the life category is 9 in the 60–69 age group and 11 in the 70 and above age group. Suggests that health and life categories are important for both age groups. However, the number of nodes in the entertainment category is 9 in the 60–69 age group and only 3 in the 70 and above age group. Additionally, the number of nodes in the emotion category is 9 in the 70 and above age group and 5 in the 60–69 age group. Both of these differences are statistically significant. When designing the questionnaire, we focus on exploring the functional needs for health, life, and entertainment for the elderly aged 60–69; for those aged 70 and above, focus on the functional needs for health, life, and emotion. The questionnaire is designed for users in different age groups, divided into two categories. Sections 1–4 of questionnaire are set up based on 1st-3rd core categories, which focus on the user’s personal characteristics. Section 5 of questionnaire is set up based on the 4th core category, which quality attribute preferences for smart home for the elderly features among older adults of different age group. The combination of these sections explores the differences in product needs for different older adults. Questionnaire results In this study, Cronbach’s Alpha and KMO values of the questionnaire data are calculated by IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The results indicate that the Cronbach’s Alpha values are greater than 0.7, the KMO values are 0.924 and 0.899 for both age groups of the elderly, indicating the questionnaire has a high degree of reliability. Based on the results of the traditional Kano model questionnaire According to subsection 3.1, the research data is divided into two stages based on age: one for the 60–69 age group and another for aged 70 and above. Life and health functions are investigated for all elderly individuals, entertainment functions for the 60–69 age group, and emotional functions for the aged 70 and above. Under the traditional Kano model, the quality attributes of the 12 indicators for the 60–69 age group are divided into 1 One-dimensional quality and 11 Indifferent quality. For the 70 and above age group, the quality attributes of the 13 indicators are divided into 1 One-dimensional quality, 1 Attractive quality and 11 Indifferent quality. See Table 4 for details. Table 4 Quality attribute statistics for the traditional Kano model for aged 60–69 vs. 70 and above Age Function Number Function M(%) O(%) A(%) I(%) R(%) Q(%) Classification 60–69 A A1 Smart security and anti-theft 5.60% 21.60% 24.80% 46.80% 1.20% 0.00% I A2 Emergency contact call 2.80% 35.20% 26.80% 35.20% 0.00% 0.00% O/I A3 Reminder to important matters 2.00% 22.40% 25.60% 50.00% 0.00% 0.00% I A4 Automatic cleaning of home environment 1.20% 22.80% 30.00% 45.20% 0.80% 0.00% I A5 Automatic home one-touch switch 0.80% 22.00% 22.40% 54.40% 0.40% 0.00% I A6 Automatic adjustment of lights, temperature, etc. 1.60% 17.20% 22.80% 58.40% 0.00% 0.00% I B B1 Sleep Assistance 0.40% 20.80% 27.60% 50.40% 0.80% 0.00% I B2 Remote medicine 2.80% 22.80% 31.20% 43.20% 0.00% 0.00% I B3 Monitoring of body data 0.40% 28.40% 34.40% 36.80% 0.00% 0.00% I B4 Customized Health Services 3.20% 22.40% 24.40% 49.60% 0.40% 0.00% I D D1 Smart Home Theater/KTV 2.00% 11.20% 17.20% 68.80% 0.80% 0.00% I D2 Smart personalized music/videos 1.60% 10.40% 24.80% 62.80% 0.40% 0.00% I 70 and above A A1 Smart security and anti-theft 2.80% 22.38% 23.08% 50.35% 1.40% 0.00% I A2 Emergency contact call 0.00% 40.56% 26.57% 32.17% 0.70% 0.00% O A3 Reminder to important matters 2.80% 20.28% 31.47% 44.76% 0.70% 0.00% I A4 Automatic cleaning of home environment 0.70% 23.78% 27.97% 46.85% 0.70% 0.00% I A5 Automatic home one-touch switch 0.70% 18.88% 33.57% 45.45% 1.40% 0.00% I A6 Automatic adjustment of lights, temperature, etc. 1.40% 16.08% 21.68% 60.84% 0.00% 0.00% I B B1 Sleep Assistance 0.70% 14.69% 32.17% 52.45% 0.00% 0.00% I B2 Remote medicine 0.70% 27.27% 34.27% 37.06% 0.70% 0.00% I B3 Monitoring of body data 0.70% 29.37% 35.66% 34.27% 0.00% 0.00% A B4 Customized Health Services 2.10% 23.08% 30.07% 44.76% 0.00% 0.00% I C C1 Remote accompaniment of children 0.00% 23.78% 32.17% 42.66% 1.40% 0.00% I C2 Smart Voice Robot 0.70% 14.69% 21.68% 61.54% 1.40% 0.00% I C3 Smart Emotional Attention 0.70% 13.29% 20.98% 64.34% 0.70% 0.00% I Functional satisfaction analysis based on better-worse and sensitivity Using the Better-Worse Index Method, we calculate SI and |DSI| for the two age groups respectively, and compute the functional S values using Eq. ( 3 ). By averaging the SI and |DSI| values (Table 5 , 6 ), we establish the origin point and create a four-quadrant scatter plot to display the coordinate points of each indicator (Fig. 3 . A, B). This data processing method compensates for the traditional Kano model’s limitation that simply relies on maximum frequency to determine the quality attribute classification of each indicator. Then, we include each indicator in the sensitivity matrix, with the S value representing the distance of the function from the origin. The greater the sensitivity, the further the indicator is from the origin (Fig. 3 . C, D). Table 5 Statistical of satisfaction index (60–69) Age Function Number Better |Worse| S 60–69 A1 0.47 0.28 0.54 A2 0.62 0.38 0.73 A3 0.48 0.24 0.54 A4 0.53 0.24 0.58 A5 0.45 0.23 0.50 A6 0.40 0.19 0.44 B1 0.49 0.21 0.53 B2 0.54 0.26 0.60 B3 0.63 0.29 0.69 B4 0.47 0.26 0.54 D1 0.29 0.13 0.32 D2 0.35 0.12 0.37 Average Value 0.48 0.24 Table 6 Statistical of satisfaction index (70 and above) Age Function Number Better |Worse| S 70 and above A1 0.46 0.26 0.52 A2 0.68 0.41 0.78 A3 0.52 0.23 0.58 A4 0.52 0.25 0.59 A5 0.53 0.20 0.58 A6 0.38 0.17 0.29 B1 0.47 0.15 0.65 B2 0.62 0.28 0.69 B3 0.65 0.30 0.72 B4 0.53 0.25 0.60 C1 0.57 0.24 0.64 C2 0.37 0.16 0.42 C3 0.35 0.14 0.39 Average Value 0.51 0.23 As shown in Fig. 3 . A, B, the first quadrant represents One-dimensional quality, where both Better and |Worse| values are high. This indicates that a higher degree of fulfillment of these features enhances user satisfaction and prevents user dissatisfaction, and they should be prioritized for fulfillment. A2, A3, A4, B2, and B3 in the 60–69 age group, and A2, A4, B2, B3, B4, and C1 in the aged 70 and above group belong to the One-dimensional quality. The second quadrant represents Attractive quality, with a low Better value and a high |Worse| value, indicating that such features are effective in preventing user dissatisfaction, but have no significant effect on increasing user satisfaction compared to other features. B1 in the 60–69 age group, and A3, A5 in the aged 70 and above group belong to Attractive quality. If minimizing user dissatisfaction is a priority, then such smart home for the elderly product features should be refined and improved. The third quadrant represents Indifferent quality, where both low Better and |Worse| values, indicating that such features have minimal impact on improving user satisfaction and preventing user dissatisfaction. A5, A6, D1, and D2 in the 60–69 age group, and A6, B1, C2, and C3 features in the 70 and above age group are Indifferent quality. Provision of such features may be temporarily disregarded under conditions of limited resources. The fourth quadrant represents Must-be quality, with high Better values and low |Worse| values. These features are highly effective in improving user satisfaction but have no significant effect on eliminating user dissatisfaction. A1 and B4 in the 60–69 age group, and A1 in the aged 70 and above group are both Must-be quality. To significantly increase user satisfaction, prioritize the provision of features with higher importance. The analysis based on the Kano model results Combining the evaluation results of the attributes where the functions are located, the results of Better-Worse Satisfaction Index and sensitivity matrix analysis, we summarize all the functions within each attribute sorted by priority, as shown in Table 7 . Table 7 Quality attribute statistics for the traditional Kano model for aged 60–69 vs. 70 and above Age Functional properties Function Number Product Features Function 60–69 Must-be quality A1 smart security and anti-theft life B4 Customized Health Services health One-dimensional quality A2 Emergency contact call life B3 Monitoring of body data health B2 Remote medicine health A4 Automatic cleaning of home environment life A3 Reminder to important matters life Attractive quality B1 Sleep Assistance health 70 and above Must-be quality A1 smart security and anti-theft life One-dimensional quality A2 Emergency contact call life B3 Monitoring of body data health B2 Remote medicine health C1 Remote accompaniment of children emotion B4 Customized Health Services health A4 Automatic cleaning of home environment life Attractive quality A3 Reminder to important matters life A5 Automatic home one-touch switch life Discussion This section discusses the findings in section 3, highlighting differences in users’ needs for smart home for the elderly features based on the Kano model to provide reliable opinions for manufacturers’ design and development. Research discovery We divide the study participants into two age groups and analyze the questionnaire data using the Kano model, which helps examine the perceived degree of functionality by the elderly in different age groups. The study results provide a crucial reference for manufacturers of smart home for the elderly to enhance service quality. For elderly individuals aged 60–69, “Smart security and anti-theft” and “Customized Health Services” are Must-be quality, indicating that these services are deemed essential for smart home for the elderly. This aligns with the qualitative study results, which the elderly in this age group prioritize health and life functions, particularly focusing on protecting own safety and specialized health services. They are even willing to accept more expensive products for these features. “Emergency contact call”, “Reminder to important matters”, “Automatic cleaning of home environment”, “Remote medicine”, “Monitoring of body data” are One-dimensional quality, these 5 functions cater more to emergency handling and life detail services, which are mentioned by some elderly individuals in the interviews, but not excessively demanded. When more of these functions are provided, the elderly’s satisfaction with smart homes for the elderly will increase. “Sleep Assistance” is Attractive quality, appealing to the elderly. Although not many products on the market currently offer related services, some elderly individuals mentioned declining sleep quality in the interviews. For elderly individuals aged 70 and above, “smart security and anti-theft” is Must-be quality, and “customized health services” is not included, indicating a shift in the needs of this age group compared to the other age group. “Emergency contact call” “Monitoring of body data” “Remote medicine” “Remote accompaniment of children” “Automatic cleaning of home environment” and “Customized health services” are One-dimensional quality. Inadequate provision of these features will diminish user satisfaction. Interview results support this finding, as most elderly individuals aged 70 and above express a preference for filial piety, harmony among their children and health care in the interviews. The “Reminder to important matters” and “Automatic home one-touch switch” are Attractive quality, as memory loss is more pronounced in this age group, making reminder and self-help features in the life category more appealing to them. Implications We analyze the quality attribute preferences of the elderly in different age groups for 15 detailed functions across 4 functional segments, revealing varying user requirements among age groups. Compared with other studies, our detailed research object division and focus on functions that users prioritize and genuinely need for satisfaction analysis. It better assists enterprises in understanding how different functions impact elderly satisfaction with smart home for the elderly. This approach facilitates targeted design and development, providing valuable professional advice. Firstly, manufacturers can refine product types by designing and developing products with different functions tailored to various age groups. Prioritize quality over quantity to lower costs. Secondly, manufacturers must consider Must-be quality functions when designing and developing products. While the presence of these functions may not directly increase satisfaction, their absence can greatly diminish it. Thirdly, in the case of limited resources, the first to consider the design of One-dimensional quality of function, the higher degree of the function to improve user satisfaction, should be prioritized to be satisfied. Finally, when resources are ample, adding Attractive quality functions should be considered. Those functions can provide unexpected surprises to users, ultimately enhancing product satisfaction. Limitations First, we primarily focus on the elderly of different age groups in China. Although China’s aging process and digital intelligence popularity is representative, subtle differences with other countries still cannot be ignored. Future researchers can conduct surveys on elderly individuals in other countries in order to understand the needs related to smart home for the elderly features and to improve the generalizability of study results. Secondly, we primarily base our research object categorization on the age differences among the elderly. However, during qualitative research, we discovered that some elderly individuals mentioned using smart home. Future research could classify subjects by distinguishing between those who have used smart homes and those who have not, as well as between those who are knowledgeable about smart homes and those who are not. More detailed categorization of customers will yield more scientific and unexpected conclusions. Conclusions In conclusion, we firstly identify quality evaluation functions and indicators for smart home for the elderly through qualitative research and literature review. Then the Kano model is utilized to explore the classification attributes of various functions for different age groups of the elderly. By classifying attributes of each product function, the attribute positioning issue in smart home for the elderly functions can be addressed. This enables the development of precise product strategies tailored to cater the diverse needs of elderly users across different age groups, ultimately enhancing the life quality of the elderly. Declarations Acknowledgements The authors acknowledged all the members for giving their time to participate in the study. Author’s contributions Research design: PL, CW, QY. Participant recruitment: PL, CW. Data collection: PL, CW. Data transcribing: PL, CW. Data analysis: PL, CW. Writing—original draft preparation: PL, QY, and XL. Writing—review and editing: PL, QY, and XL. Project administration: QY, XL. Supervision: QY, XL. Funding acquisition: QY. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. Funding The author(s) declare(s) that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (grant number 22BGL243), and the MOE Layout Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences of China (grant number 20YJA630079). Availability of data and materials All data and materials related to the study can be obtained through contacting the first author at [email protected] . Ethics approval and consent to participate According to Measures of the People’s Republic of China on the ethical review of Biomedical Research in People (Article 3), this study aims to survey and clarify the current quality attribute preferences of the elderly on different functions of smart home for the elderly, no ethical review is required. The details of the survey have been notified in written and verbal forms on the beginning of the questionnaire. Continue to fill out and submit the questionnaire is defaulted to the respondent’s informed consent. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest. Author details 1 Business school, Sichuan normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China. 2 Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China. References UNDoEaS, 2023. Accessed 4 Mar, 2024. [online]. Amidst escalating pension and healthcare costs, new UN report calls for concrete measures to support an ageing world. Available: https://www.un.org/zh/193220. WHO, 2022. Accessed 23 Mar, 2024. [online]. Ageing and health. Available: https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health. WHO, 2022. Accessed 23 Mar, 2024. [online]. Decade of Action for Healthy Ageing 2021-2030. Available: https://www.who.int/zh/initiatives/decade-of-healthy-ageing. Chan M, Campo E, Estève D, Fourniols JY. Smart homes — Current features and future perspectives. Maturitas. 2009;64(2):90-7. Hong YK, Wang ZY, Cho JY. Global Research Trends on Smart Homes for Older Adults: Bibliometric and Scientometric Analyses. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(22): 14821. Marikyan D, Papagiannidis S, Alamanos E. A systematic review of the smart home literature: A user perspective. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2019;138:139-54. Balta-Ozkan N, Davidson R, Bicket M, Whitmarsh L. Social barriers to the adoption of smart homes. Energy Policy. 2013;63:363-74. Liu YQ, Tamura R, Song Y. Constructing a Smart Home for Future Elders toward All-around Happiness: Taking Connectivity as the Core Element. Appl. Sci. 2020;10(16):5690. Yu J, de Antonio A, Villalba-Mora E. Older Adult Segmentation According to Residentially-Based Lifestyles and Analysis of Their Needs for Smart Home Functions. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(22):8492. Luor T, Lu HP, Yu HJ, Lu YS. Exploring the critical quality attributes and models of smart homes. Maturitas. 2015;82(4):377-86. Lobaccaro G, Carlucci S, Löfström E. A Review of Systems and Technologies for Smart Homes and Smart Grids. Energies. 2016;9(5):348. Axisa F, Schmitt PM, Gehin C, Delhomme G, McAdams E, Dittmar A. Flexible Technologies and Smart Clothing for Citizen Medicine, Home Healthcare, and Disease Prevention. IEEE trans. inf. technol. Biomed. 2005;9(3):325-36. Chen HX, Zhang YW, Wang L. A study on the quality evaluation index system of smart home care for older adults in the community ——based on Delphi and AHP. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):411. Wang DJ, Liu SY, Wu J, Lin QL. Purchase and use of home healthcare devices for the elderly: a pilot study in Shanghai, China. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):615. Ghorayeb A, Comber R, Gooberman-Hill R. Older adults’ perspectives of smart home technology: Are we developing the technology that older people want? Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 2021;147:102571. Chen YT, Lin YC, Fang WH. A video‐based human fall detection system for smart homes. J CHIN INST ENG. 2011;33(5):681-90. Ahn M, Beamish JO, Goss RC. Understanding Older Adults’ Attitudes and Adoption of Residential Technologies. Fam Consum. Sci. Res. J. 2008;36(3):243-60. Shin J, Park Y, Lee D. Who will be smart home users? An analysis of adoption and diffusion of smart homes. Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2018;134:246-53. Mitzner TL, Boron JB, Fausset CB, Adams AE, Charness N, Czaja SJ, et al. Older adults talk technology: Technology usage and attitudes. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2010;26(6):1710-21. Li YC, Ghazilla RAR, Abdul-Rashid SH. QFD-Based Research on Sustainable User Experience Optimization Design of Smart Home Products for the Elderly: A Case Study of Smart Refrigerators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(21):13742. Dhakal K. NVivo. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022;110(2):270-2. Stickley T, O’Caithain A, Homer C. The value of qualitative methods to public health research, policy and practice. Perspect Public Health. 2022;142(4):237-40. Chen YB, Ingram C, Downey V, Roe M, Drummond A, Sripaiboonkij P, et al. Employee Mental Health During COVID-19 Adaptation: Observations of Occupational Safety and Health/Human Resource Professionals in Ireland. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1604720. Mazigo HD, Samson A, Lambert VJ, Kosia AL, Ngoma DD, Murphy R, et al. Healthcare Workers’ Low Knowledge of Female Genital Schistosomiasis and Proposed Interventions to Prevent, Control, and Manage the Disease in Zanzibar. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1604767. Fajriyati I, Afiff AZ, Gayatri G, Hati SRH. Generic and Islamic attributes for non-Muslim majority destinations: application of the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction. Heliyon. 2020;6(6):e04324. Montenegro JF, Contreras PA, Sáenz F. Hybridization of the Kano model and business model canvas: aeronautical and metalworking industry in Bogota, Colombia. Heliyon. 2021;7(10):e08097. Fang MC, Yang W, Li H, Pan YH. Enhancing User Experience through Optimization Design Method for Elderly Medication Reminder Mobile Applications: A QFD-Based Research Approach. Electronics. 2023;12(13):2860. Liang Y-W, Wang J, Yu S-P, Lin J-K, Chung AL. Creating a Healthy Life for the Elderly through Participation in Self-Media: A Study on the Demands of the Elderly in Self-Media. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(19):12774. Yuan Y, Tao CH, Yu P, Wang YW, Kitayama A, Takashi E, et al. Demand analysis of telenursing among empty-nest elderly individuals with chronic diseases based on the Kano model. Front. Public Health. 2022;10:990295. Yuan Y, Liu YL, Gong L, Chen HM, Zhang S, Kitayama A, et al. Demand Analysis of Telenursing for Community-Dwelling Empty-Nest Elderly Based on the Kano Model. Telemed J E Health. 2021;27(4):414-21. Qiao LF, Zhang YC. Analysis of MOOC Quality Requirements for Landscape Architecture Based on the KANO Model in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic. Sustainability. 2022;14(23):15775. WHO, 2022. Accessed 23 Mar, 2024. [online]. Ageing and health in China. Available: https://www.who.int/china/health-topics/ageing. Network. CG, 2024. Accessed 23 Mar, 2024. [online]. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Make full use of digital technology to empower the silver economy Promote the "three-product strategy" of the consumer goods industry to enrich the supply of goods and services for the elderly. Available: https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/zbft/art/2024/art_d5e9ca3e006b4b68ad1639ed836b30d3.html. Berger C, Blauth R, Boger D, Bolster C, Burchill G, DuMouchel W, et al. Kano’s methods for understanding customer-defined quality. Center Qual Manag J. 1993;2:3-36. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files InterviewTranscriptsInChinese.docx SupplementalMaterials.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4802814","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":332953813,"identity":"47982674-19c1-4367-ba8e-feb6856844e8","order_by":0,"name":"Peishan Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sichuan normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Peishan","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":332953814,"identity":"4497158b-b0ef-4342-bb43-e84c43fad1b1","order_by":1,"name":"Qin 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Wei","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sichuan normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chunnan","middleName":"","lastName":"Wei","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-25 15:08:59","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4802814/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4802814/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63028410,"identity":"c143553c-a924-4c06-85a7-599c4d41c7a7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 08:53:34","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":267966,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eResearch process of exploring functional quality attributes of smart homes for the elderly\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4802814/v1/a393d04b0c72117877a0a670.png"},{"id":63028408,"identity":"6e134a6c-59e4-48a0-94a7-25594906e7c2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 08:53:34","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":101089,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDemand for product categories by age groups\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4802814/v1/604fd49c277eff73c1af5709.png"},{"id":63028409,"identity":"c8c65d2d-698c-4cf9-bc68-199b068ebaef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 08:53:34","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":189308,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction index statistics (60-69 vs. 70 and above)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote:\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e(A)\u003c/strong\u003eshows four quadrant distribution of satisfaction in 60-69 years. \u003cstrong\u003e(B)\u003c/strong\u003eshows four quadrant distribution of satisfaction in 70 and above.\u003cstrong\u003e (C)\u003c/strong\u003eshows sensitivity matrix chart in 60-69 years. \u003cstrong\u003e(D)\u003c/strong\u003e shows sensitivity matrix chart in 70 and above.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4802814/v1/620a162463d7eab21dde6ce5.png"},{"id":70110760,"identity":"d342ef77-52e0-4d61-8949-dafed21433af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-28 12:24:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1358148,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4802814/v1/39c77361-77f3-4834-b791-4403493570e4.pdf"},{"id":63028412,"identity":"b2857404-230a-40cc-8f0b-a5f6f77b8c84","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 08:53:34","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":78720,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"InterviewTranscriptsInChinese.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4802814/v1/19289e66517fe1993118369c.docx"},{"id":63028968,"identity":"3010cd7c-2b13-4415-8e32-2ac73429886f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 09:01:34","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":30073,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementalMaterials.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4802814/v1/229ffb9800798e536e37e785.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Exploring the functional quality attributes of smart home for the elderly based on qualitative research and Kano model","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to \u0026ldquo;World Social Report 2023\u0026rdquo;, the number of people aged 65 years or older worldwide is projected to more than double, rising from 761\u0026nbsp;million in 2021 to 1.6\u0026nbsp;billion in 2050 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. International communities appeal to catalyze collaborative efforts to improve the well-being of the elderly within their homes and communities, fostering their longer and healthier lives [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. \u0026lsquo;Smart home\u0026rsquo; is defined as a residence equipped with smart technologies that allow monitoring of its inhabitants and/or encourages independence and the maintenance of good health [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR5\" citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. It plays an important role in providing tailored services for the elderly to improve their life quality [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR8\" citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Enhancing the innovative design and development of smart home for the elderly holds great significance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn recent years, research on smart home for the elderly has significantly increased spurred by their considerably improved affordability and simplicity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. However, existing scholarly discourse predominantly gravitates towards technical domains [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], neglecting the perspectives of elderly users, which is pivotal for fostering smart home implementation and uptake [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Within the limited corpus of literature that engages with the elderly perspective, emphasis has primarily been placed on the physiological dimensions of the elderly [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], such as healthcare [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], security and monitoring [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e], fall detection [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. The exploration of real needs beyond the physiological dimension has been insufficient, impeding the ability to effectively address the intrinsic needs of the elderly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGiven that elderly individuals possess different needs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], influenced by different ages [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], preferences [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e], it is essential to classify the attributes of smart home for the elderly while taking these factors into account [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. In light of the abovementioned actual issues and research gaps, it emerges as a pressing and paramount concern to explore the functional attributes of smart home for the elderly from the perspective of the elderly themselves while considering their varying ages and preferences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQualitative data can yield meaningful findings that offer unique insights, often unattainable through quantitative research. High-quality qualitative research, when properly managed and utilized, provides deep and nuanced understandings that are crucial in many research contexts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Some scholars employed the method of coding interview transcripts, enabling the thematic analysis of qualitative data to obtain core categories and unearth valuable research insights. For instance, Chen et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e] used NVivo to code and thematically analyze the interview transcripts to understand mental health issues among Irish employees arising from COVID-19 adaptation. Mazigo et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] used NVivo to digitally record, transcribe, and analyze to get information such as what healthcare workers know about FGS. To improve the quality of qualitative research, we plan to conduct semi-structured interviews, code the qualitative data using NVivo, and perform a thematic analysis to capture core categories. This approach is feasible for preliminarily investigating the market state of smart home for the elderly and will guide the questionnaire design.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Kano model is a simple and effective method for identifying quality attributes, which assesses the attribute directly affecting user satisfaction and their role in quality perception [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. The different Kano models have been used to scientifically and quantitatively explore the specific needs of the elderly [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e], which helps improve their life quality in later years and decrease physical and psychological stress. Yuan et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] analyzed the needs of telenursing among Empty-Nest Elderly individuals with Chronic diseases Using the Better-Worse based Kano model to obtain quality attributes for functions. Similarly, Yuan et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] explored the needs of 285 telenursing for community-Dwelling Empty-Nest elderly through traditional Kano model and Better-Worse based Kano model. Qiao and Zhang [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e] explored the quality needs of landscape architecture courses on MOOC using traditional Kano model and Better-Worse based Kano model. Given the advantages of Kano model in the extraction and analysis of commodity attributes, we employ both traditional Kano and the Better-Worse-based Kano models to explore and analyze the specific needs of elderly individuals in different ages for smart home for the elderly features.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the escalating severity of aging, the elderly emerge as a pivotal demographic of smart homes, necessitating a comprehensive exploration of their distinctive requirements. Therefore, we focus on the actual needs of elderly users in their later years and approach study from their perspective. Based on the abovementioned methods, we initially obtain interviews transcripts with the elderly through qualitative research and utilize software coding to draw conclusions. These findings subsequently guide the questionnaire design, and in particular assist in the identification of key functions of smart home for the elderly. After recycling and cleaning questionnaires, we analyze the data using traditional Kano model and the Better-Worse-based Kano model respectively to explore the attributes of smart home for the elderly.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe focus on the functional needs of smart home for the elderly and the quality classification of each function. Utilizing a qualitative research approach involving semi-structured interviews, we formulate questionnaires informed by analyzed results, followed by an exploration of smart home for the elderly functions quality using the Kano model. This study is structured into three key stages as Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage 1\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eQualitative research. Initially, 15 elderly participants are recruited to partake in semi-structured interviews, all transcripts are subsequently coded using NVivo. Themes extracted from responses are used to identify variables in the questionnaire\u0026rsquo;s fifth section.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage 2\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestionnaire design and survey. Drawing on themes identified in qualitative research and Kano model, adjustments are made to model\u0026rsquo;s structure to finalize the questionnaire. Subsequently, study participants are invited to complete the questionnaire through a combination of online (questionnaire website) and offline (paper) methods.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStage 3\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eData cleaning and analysis. Initially, collected data undergo cleaning procedures and analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Reliability and validity testing precede analysis with the traditional Kano model. Subsequently, functional quality attributes are further scrutinized by calculating the Better-Worse index and sensitivity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eQualitative research\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the outset of research, a cohort of 15 elderly individuals from China, aged 60 and above, comprising 5 males and 10 females with an average age of 67.5 years, are invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The interviews are audio-recorded and last between 5 to 15 minutes each, with an average word count of 1011. The interview content predominantly centers on following themes: (1) introducing the topic, (2) addressing basic needs and concerns, and (3) preferences of needs regarding smart home for the elderly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter the semi-structured interviews, we transcribe all audio-recorded verbatim and design a categorization outline. The transcripts are manually coded in NVivo to minimize systematic coding errors, and recurring codes are gathered into codebooks. Similar codebooks are identified and categorized to distill thematic results. Finally, the results are discussed to summarize the current market situation of smart home for the elderly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eQuestionnaire design and surveys\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eQuestionnaire design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo comprehensively explore the elderly\u0026rsquo;s needs regarding smart home, this study utilizes a questionnaire survey methodology informed by semi-structured interviews. The questionnaire design is informed by: (1) analysis results of semi-structured interviews, (2) discussions derived from the relevant literature review. The questionnaire comprises five sections: (1) demographics; (2) health status; (3) aging styles; (4) knowledge/use of smart home for the elderly; and (5) preferences for smart home for elderly features. Sections 1\u0026ndash;4 address user\u0026rsquo;s personal characteristics. Section 5 explores quality attribute preferences for smart home for the elderly features among elderly individuals of different age groups (60\u0026ndash;69, 70 and above), which involves 4 themes and 15 dimensions, as outlined in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to Kano model, a total of 15 dimensions are designed into 15 pairs of forward and reverse questions (question structure: satisfaction level with the feature, satisfaction level when it is not available, and satisfaction level divides into 5: very good, okay, indifferent, not so good, and not good). The questions in the questionnaire are presented in textual format to facilitate participants in comprehending and articulating their genuine attitudes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunctions and indicators for quality evaluation of smart home for the elderly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunction Number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFunction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicator Number\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndicator\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmart security and anti-theft\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency contact call\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReminder to important matters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomatic cleaning of home environment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomatic home one-touch switch\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomatic adjustment of lights, temperature, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSleep Assistance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote medicine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonitoring of body data\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eB4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCustomized Health Services\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemote accompaniment of children\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmart Voice Robot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eC3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmart Emotional Attention\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEntertainment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmart Home Theater/KTV\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eD2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmart personalized music/videos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSurveys\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the population aged above 60 expected to reach 402\u0026nbsp;million in 2040 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e], China has become one of the most representative countries facing population aging. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People\u0026rsquo;s Republic of China placed significant emphasis on the development and application of smart home for the elderly products [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e], providing a good background for this study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the World Health Organization\u0026rsquo;s definition, this study\u0026rsquo;s questionnaire targets China\u0026rsquo;s elderly aged 60 and above. Initially, a pre-survey and data testing are conducted to ensure the questionnaires met necessary criteria for formal survey. Subsequently, the formal survey is carried out from December 2022 to February 2023. Finally collect 454 total questionnaires and get 393 valid questionnaires after data cleaning.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKano model\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTraditional Kano model\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe traditional Kano model transforms user satisfaction situations collected from questionnaires into quality attributes of product features. The quality attribute classification with the highest frequency or percentage of each indicator are counted. Subsequently, the product features are categorized into 5 categories (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e): Must-be quality (M), One-dimensional quality (O), Attractive quality (A), Indifferent quality (I) and Reverse quality (R). After eliminating the Reverse quality (R), the priority order of smart home for the elderly functional quality attributes is M\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;O\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;A\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;I.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKano model evaluation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProduct Features\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot equipped\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVery good\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOkay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot so good\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot good\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquipped\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVery good\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOkay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndifferent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot so good\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot good\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQ\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eBetter-worse index method and sensitivity calculation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBerger et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e] optimized the traditional Kano model and proposed the Better-Worse index, which calculates the user\u0026rsquo;s Satisfaction Index (SI) and Dissatisfaction Index (DSI) to establish Better-Worse index coordinates. Better-Worse index elucidates the efficacy of each feature in augmenting user satisfaction and mitigating user dissatisfaction. According to the study, the categorized user needs were transformed into emotional attributes, and the degree of user need for each functional attribute was measured using satisfaction and calculated using the Better-Worse index formula.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSI coefficient represents the magnitude of enhancement in user satisfaction resulting from the presence of a function, with values ranging from 0 to 1. A higher SI value indicates a more substantial impact on enhancing user satisfaction. Conversely, |DSI| coefficient reflects the decrease in user satisfaction when the function is absent, also ranging from 0 to 1. A higher |DSI| value suggests a weaker effect on reducing user satisfaction levels. When selecting functions for product development within the same category, the guiding principle is to prioritize those with higher SI coefficient values and lower |DSI| coefficients, signifying heightened user sensitivity towards them.\u003cdiv id=\"Equ1\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ1\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$Better=\\left( {A+O} \\right)/\\left( {A+0+M+I} \\right)$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Equ2\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ2\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$Worse= - 1 \\times \\left( {O+M} \\right)/(A+0+M+I)$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Equ3\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ3\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$S=\\sqrt {Bette{r^2}+{{\\left| {Worse} \\right|}^2}}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eQualitative findings\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAfter NVivo analysis, we obtain 234 reference code points, summarize them into 83 initial categories, then organize them into 14 main categories. Through analysis and comparison between the categories, we distill them into four core categories. The coding results are shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe codes of the elderly interview transcript\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSelective coding (core categories)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpindle code (main category)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of node references\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCorresponding questionnaire setting section\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBasic situation of the elderly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetter health\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(1) demographics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2) health status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnrichment of daily life\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProblems in life\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcceptance of smart home for the elderly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium acceptance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(3) aging styles\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4) knowledge/use of smart home for the elderly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiverse factors affecting acceptance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUse of smart home for the elderly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost the elderly have used\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProblems prevalent in use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle type of product used\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVarious reasons for non-use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemand for smart home for the elderly products\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBasic needs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(5) preferences for smart home for elderly features\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealth needs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmotional needs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLife needs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEntertainment needs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c/em\u003e: Due to the large number of initial categories, only the core and main categories are listed in the table.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eQualitative analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe qualitative analyses of the above four core categories are as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBasic situations of the elderly: Generally, the elderly enjoy good health, but aged 70 and above are slightly weaker. Their daily lives are fulfilling and active, such as chatting, playing cards, watching TV, singing and dancing, cleaning, and physical exercise. However, some issues are reported by the elderly, including memory loss, difficulty with cleaning, inability to bend down and exert themselves, and poor sleep quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcceptance of smart home for the elderly: Most older adults do not understand smart home for the elderly, but do not outright reject it. Their acceptance is moderate, with high price being the main factor affecting their acceptance. Most older adults lack knowledge about smart home for the elderly, \u0026ldquo;I do not know much about this area, these concepts are not well understood.\u0026rdquo; Some older adults have a basic understanding of the products they have used, \u0026ldquo;The products I have used are definitely still familiar to me.\u0026rdquo; For the factors affecting acceptance, older adults mainly mention price, \u0026ldquo;The price should still be moderate, because now everyone\u0026rsquo;s retirement salary and the usual consumption are not too high.\u0026rdquo; In addition, there are factors such as complexity of operation, uneven quality, and brand awareness.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUse of smart home for the elderly: Some older adults have used smart home for the elderly, but they often encounter common issues: \u0026ldquo;We do not remember too well now, we are afraid of forgetting passwords, which is not easy to deal with.\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Sometimes it takes a long time to learn how to operate these devices. If I do not use it for a while, I will forget, and have to ask my daughter to teach me again, which is troublesome.\u0026rdquo; Furthermore, the types of products used are limited, primarily consisting of smart TVs, monitors, door locks, watches, and other basic devices.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemand for smart home for the elderly: Health functions are the most valued category for the elderly, including body detection, remote medical diagnosis, and sleep monitoring. Additionally, life functions are important, including reminder systems, house cleaning, and smart security. Figure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows statistics for coding points, revealing significant differences in the categories of need between two age groups of the elderly. For individuals aged 60\u0026ndash;69, there is a greater demand for entertainment because recent retirement and increased free time. For those aged 70 and above, the demand for emotional companionship is more prominent, \u0026ldquo;If the smart home can simulate having children to share my life and engage in conversation, and if children can communicate with me through monitoring or a robot, it is very good, I still crave this kind of companionship when I am old.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eQuestionnaire design supporting\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe analysis results show that the number of nodes in the health category is 11 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group and 12 in the 70 and above age group. Similarly, the number of nodes in the life category is 9 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group and 11 in the 70 and above age group. Suggests that health and life categories are important for both age groups. However, the number of nodes in the entertainment category is 9 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group and only 3 in the 70 and above age group. Additionally, the number of nodes in the emotion category is 9 in the 70 and above age group and 5 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group. Both of these differences are statistically significant. When designing the questionnaire, we focus on exploring the functional needs for health, life, and entertainment for the elderly aged 60\u0026ndash;69; for those aged 70 and above, focus on the functional needs for health, life, and emotion.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire is designed for users in different age groups, divided into two categories. Sections 1\u0026ndash;4 of questionnaire are set up based on 1st-3rd core categories, which focus on the user\u0026rsquo;s personal characteristics. Section 5 of questionnaire is set up based on the 4th core category, which quality attribute preferences for smart home for the elderly features among older adults of different age group. The combination of these sections explores the differences in product needs for different older adults.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eQuestionnaire results\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn this study, Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s Alpha and KMO values of the questionnaire data are calculated by IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The results indicate that the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s Alpha values are greater than 0.7, the KMO values are 0.924 and 0.899 for both age groups of the elderly, indicating the questionnaire has a high degree of reliability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eBased on the results of the traditional Kano model questionnaire\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAccording to subsection 3.1, the research data is divided into two stages based on age: one for the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group and another for aged 70 and above. Life and health functions are investigated for all elderly individuals, entertainment functions for the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group, and emotional functions for the aged 70 and above. Under the traditional Kano model, the quality attributes of the 12 indicators for the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group are divided into 1 One-dimensional quality and 11 Indifferent quality. For the 70 and above age group, the quality attributes of the 13 indicators are divided into 1 One-dimensional quality, 1 Attractive quality and 11 Indifferent quality. See Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e for details.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuality attribute statistics for the traditional Kano model for aged 60\u0026ndash;69 vs. 70 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eO(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQ(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClassification\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"12\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u0026ndash;69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmart security and anti-theft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergency contact call\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eO/I\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReminder to important matters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic cleaning of home environment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic home one-touch switch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic adjustment of lights, temperature, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep Assistance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemote medicine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonitoring of body data\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCustomized Health Services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmart Home Theater/KTV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmart personalized music/videos\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"13\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmart security and anti-theft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.38%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.08%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.35%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergency contact call\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.56%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.57%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.17%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReminder to important matters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.28%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.47%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.76%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic cleaning of home environment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.78%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.97%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.85%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic home one-touch switch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.88%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.57%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.45%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic adjustment of lights, temperature, etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.08%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.68%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.84%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep Assistance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.69%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.17%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.45%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemote medicine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.06%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonitoring of body data\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.37%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.66%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCustomized Health Services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.08%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.07%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.76%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemote accompaniment of children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.78%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.17%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.66%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmart Voice Robot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.69%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.68%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.54%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmart Emotional Attention\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.29%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.98%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.34%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eFunctional satisfaction analysis based on better-worse and sensitivity\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUsing the Better-Worse Index Method, we calculate SI and |DSI| for the two age groups respectively, and compute the functional S values using Eq.\u0026nbsp;(\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). By averaging the SI and |DSI| values (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e), we establish the origin point and create a four-quadrant scatter plot to display the coordinate points of each indicator (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. A, B). This data processing method compensates for the traditional Kano model\u0026rsquo;s limitation that simply relies on maximum frequency to determine the quality attribute classification of each indicator. Then, we include each indicator in the sensitivity matrix, with the S value representing the distance of the function from the origin. The greater the sensitivity, the further the indicator is from the origin (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. C, D).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical of satisfaction index (60\u0026ndash;69)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunction Number\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e|Worse|\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"13\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u0026ndash;69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage Value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"char\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical of satisfaction index (70 and above)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunction Number\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e|Worse|\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"14\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage Value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. A, B, the first quadrant represents One-dimensional quality, where both Better and |Worse| values are high. This indicates that a higher degree of fulfillment of these features enhances user satisfaction and prevents user dissatisfaction, and they should be prioritized for fulfillment. A2, A3, A4, B2, and B3 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group, and A2, A4, B2, B3, B4, and C1 in the aged 70 and above group belong to the One-dimensional quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe second quadrant represents Attractive quality, with a low Better value and a high |Worse| value, indicating that such features are effective in preventing user dissatisfaction, but have no significant effect on increasing user satisfaction compared to other features. B1 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group, and A3, A5 in the aged 70 and above group belong to Attractive quality. If minimizing user dissatisfaction is a priority, then such smart home for the elderly product features should be refined and improved.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe third quadrant represents Indifferent quality, where both low Better and |Worse| values, indicating that such features have minimal impact on improving user satisfaction and preventing user dissatisfaction. A5, A6, D1, and D2 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group, and A6, B1, C2, and C3 features in the 70 and above age group are Indifferent quality. Provision of such features may be temporarily disregarded under conditions of limited resources.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe fourth quadrant represents Must-be quality, with high Better values and low |Worse| values. These features are highly effective in improving user satisfaction but have no significant effect on eliminating user dissatisfaction. A1 and B4 in the 60\u0026ndash;69 age group, and A1 in the aged 70 and above group are both Must-be quality. To significantly increase user satisfaction, prioritize the provision of features with higher importance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eThe analysis based on the Kano model results\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombining the evaluation results of the attributes where the functions are located, the results of Better-Worse Satisfaction Index and sensitivity matrix analysis, we summarize all the functions within each attribute sorted by priority, as shown in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuality attribute statistics for the traditional Kano model for aged 60\u0026ndash;69 vs. 70 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunctional properties\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunction Number\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProduct Features\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFunction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u0026ndash;69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMust-be quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esmart security and anti-theft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCustomized Health Services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehealth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOne-dimensional quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergency contact call\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonitoring of body data\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehealth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemote medicine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehealth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic cleaning of home environment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReminder to important matters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttractive quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSleep Assistance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehealth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"9\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMust-be quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esmart security and anti-theft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOne-dimensional quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergency contact call\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonitoring of body data\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehealth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemote medicine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehealth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eC1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRemote accompaniment of children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eemotion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eB4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCustomized Health Services\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehealth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic cleaning of home environment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAttractive quality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReminder to important matters\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAutomatic home one-touch switch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elife\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis section discusses the findings in section 3, highlighting differences in users\u0026rsquo; needs for smart home for the elderly features based on the Kano model to provide reliable opinions for manufacturers\u0026rsquo; design and development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eResearch discovery\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe divide the study participants into two age groups and analyze the questionnaire data using the Kano model, which helps examine the perceived degree of functionality by the elderly in different age groups. The study results provide a crucial reference for manufacturers of smart home for the elderly to enhance service quality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor elderly individuals aged 60\u0026ndash;69, \u0026ldquo;Smart security and anti-theft\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Customized Health Services\u0026rdquo; are Must-be quality, indicating that these services are deemed essential for smart home for the elderly. This aligns with the qualitative study results, which the elderly in this age group prioritize health and life functions, particularly focusing on protecting own safety and specialized health services. They are even willing to accept more expensive products for these features. \u0026ldquo;Emergency contact call\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Reminder to important matters\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Automatic cleaning of home environment\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Remote medicine\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;Monitoring of body data\u0026rdquo; are One-dimensional quality, these 5 functions cater more to emergency handling and life detail services, which are mentioned by some elderly individuals in the interviews, but not excessively demanded. When more of these functions are provided, the elderly\u0026rsquo;s satisfaction with smart homes for the elderly will increase. \u0026ldquo;Sleep Assistance\u0026rdquo; is Attractive quality, appealing to the elderly. Although not many products on the market currently offer related services, some elderly individuals mentioned declining sleep quality in the interviews.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor elderly individuals aged 70 and above, \u0026ldquo;smart security and anti-theft\u0026rdquo; is Must-be quality, and \u0026ldquo;customized health services\u0026rdquo; is not included, indicating a shift in the needs of this age group compared to the other age group. \u0026ldquo;Emergency contact call\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Monitoring of body data\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Remote medicine\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Remote accompaniment of children\u0026rdquo; \u0026ldquo;Automatic cleaning of home environment\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Customized health services\u0026rdquo; are One-dimensional quality. Inadequate provision of these features will diminish user satisfaction. Interview results support this finding, as most elderly individuals aged 70 and above express a preference for filial piety, harmony among their children and health care in the interviews. The \u0026ldquo;Reminder to important matters\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;Automatic home one-touch switch\u0026rdquo; are Attractive quality, as memory loss is more pronounced in this age group, making reminder and self-help features in the life category more appealing to them.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eImplications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe analyze the quality attribute preferences of the elderly in different age groups for 15 detailed functions across 4 functional segments, revealing varying user requirements among age groups. Compared with other studies, our detailed research object division and focus on functions that users prioritize and genuinely need for satisfaction analysis. It better assists enterprises in understanding how different functions impact elderly satisfaction with smart home for the elderly. This approach facilitates targeted design and development, providing valuable professional advice. Firstly, manufacturers can refine product types by designing and developing products with different functions tailored to various age groups. Prioritize quality over quantity to lower costs. Secondly, manufacturers must consider Must-be quality functions when designing and developing products. While the presence of these functions may not directly increase satisfaction, their absence can greatly diminish it. Thirdly, in the case of limited resources, the first to consider the design of One-dimensional quality of function, the higher degree of the function to improve user satisfaction, should be prioritized to be satisfied. Finally, when resources are ample, adding Attractive quality functions should be considered. Those functions can provide unexpected surprises to users, ultimately enhancing product satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst, we primarily focus on the elderly of different age groups in China. Although China\u0026rsquo;s aging process and digital intelligence popularity is representative, subtle differences with other countries still cannot be ignored. Future researchers can conduct surveys on elderly individuals in other countries in order to understand the needs related to smart home for the elderly features and to improve the generalizability of study results. Secondly, we primarily base our research object categorization on the age differences among the elderly. However, during qualitative research, we discovered that some elderly individuals mentioned using smart home. Future research could classify subjects by distinguishing between those who have used smart homes and those who have not, as well as between those who are knowledgeable about smart homes and those who are not. More detailed categorization of customers will yield more scientific and unexpected conclusions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, we firstly identify quality evaluation functions and indicators for smart home for the elderly through qualitative research and literature review. Then the Kano model is utilized to explore the classification attributes of various functions for different age groups of the elderly. By classifying attributes of each product function, the attribute positioning issue in smart home for the elderly functions can be addressed. This enables the development of precise product strategies tailored to cater the diverse needs of elderly users across different age groups, ultimately enhancing the life quality of the elderly.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors acknowledged all the members for giving their time to participate in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s contributions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch design: PL, CW, QY. Participant recruitment: PL, CW. Data collection: PL, CW. Data transcribing: PL, CW. Data analysis: PL, CW. Writing\u0026mdash;original draft preparation: PL, QY, and XL. Writing\u0026mdash;review and editing: PL, QY, and XL. Project administration: QY, XL. Supervision: QY, XL. Funding acquisition: QY. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author(s) declare(s) that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was supported by the National Social Science Fund of China (grant number 22BGL243), and the MOE Layout Foundation of Humanities and Social Sciences of China (grant number 20YJA630079).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data and materials related to the study can be obtained through contacting the first author at\u0026nbsp;\u003ca href=\"mailto:[email protected]\"\[email protected]\u003c/a\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Measures of the People\u0026rsquo;s Republic of China on the ethical review of Biomedical Research in People (Article 3), this study aims to survey and clarify the current quality attribute preferences of the elderly on different functions of smart home for the elderly, no ethical review is required.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe details of the survey have been notified in written and verbal forms on the beginning of the questionnaire. Continue to fill out and submit the questionnaire is defaulted to the respondent\u0026rsquo;s informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthor details\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e Business school, Sichuan normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China. \u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eBusiness School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUNDoEaS, 2023. Accessed 4 Mar, 2024. [online]. Amidst escalating pension and healthcare costs, new UN report calls for concrete measures to support an ageing world. Available: https://www.un.org/zh/193220. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO, 2022. Accessed 23 Mar, 2024. 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Generic and Islamic attributes for non-Muslim majority destinations: application of the three-factor theory of customer satisfaction. Heliyon. 2020;6(6):e04324.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMontenegro JF, Contreras PA, S\u0026aacute;enz F. Hybridization of the Kano model and business model canvas: aeronautical and metalworking industry in Bogota, Colombia. Heliyon. 2021;7(10):e08097.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFang MC, Yang W, Li H, Pan YH. Enhancing User Experience through Optimization Design Method for Elderly Medication Reminder Mobile Applications: A QFD-Based Research Approach. Electronics. 2023;12(13):2860. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiang Y-W, Wang J, Yu S-P, Lin J-K, Chung AL. Creating a Healthy Life for the Elderly through Participation in Self-Media: A Study on the Demands of the Elderly in Self-Media. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022;19(19):12774.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYuan Y, Tao CH, Yu P, Wang YW, Kitayama A, Takashi E, et al. Demand analysis of telenursing among empty-nest elderly individuals with chronic diseases based on the Kano model. Front. Public Health. 2022;10:990295.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYuan Y, Liu YL, Gong L, Chen HM, Zhang S, Kitayama A, et al. Demand Analysis of Telenursing for Community-Dwelling Empty-Nest Elderly Based on the Kano Model. Telemed J E Health. 2021;27(4):414-21.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQiao LF, Zhang YC. Analysis of MOOC Quality Requirements for Landscape Architecture Based on the KANO Model in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic. Sustainability. 2022;14(23):15775.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWHO, 2022. Accessed 23 Mar, 2024. [online]. Ageing and health in China. Available: https://www.who.int/china/health-topics/ageing.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNetwork. CG, 2024. Accessed 23 Mar, 2024. [online]. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: Make full use of digital technology to empower the silver economy Promote the \u0026quot;three-product strategy\u0026quot; of the consumer goods industry to enrich the supply of goods and services for the elderly. Available: https://www.miit.gov.cn/gzcy/zbft/art/2024/art_d5e9ca3e006b4b68ad1639ed836b30d3.html.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBerger C, Blauth R, Boger D, Bolster C, Burchill G, DuMouchel W, et al. Kano\u0026rsquo;s methods for understanding customer-defined quality. Center Qual Manag J. 1993;2:3-36. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"ageing, smart home, quality attribute, qualitative research, Kano model.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4802814/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4802814/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e This study investigates the functional attributes of smart home for the elderly across different age groups, aiming to identify features that fulfill users’ needs and give convenience, thereby offering scientific guidance for future smart home designs for the elderly.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e This study conducts semi-structured interviews with elderly individuals in China, analyzing transcripts using NVivo to guide questionnaire design. Subsequently, a questionnaire survey is administered to the elderly in China, with the data processed using both the traditional Kano model and the Better-Worse-based Kano model.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e The study results reveal that the elderly aged 60-69 prioritize health, life and entertainment functions, identifying two are Must-be quality, five are One-dimensional quality and one is Attractive quality. The elderly aged 70 and above focus on health, life and emotion functions, identifying one is Must-be quality, six are One-dimensional quality and two are Attractive quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c/strong\u003e The study reveals distinct needs among different elderly age groups. Through the classification of functional attributes of smart home for the elderly, development strategies can be precisely formulated to better meet the needs of different age groups.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Exploring the functional quality attributes of smart home for the elderly based on qualitative research and Kano model","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-22 08:53:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4802814/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2ea15c9a-b386-4453-bb57-520523547275","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 22nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-28T12:23:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-22 08:53:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4802814","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4802814","identity":"rs-4802814","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}