[Present status of prostacyclin research in obstetrics and gynaecology (author's transl)]

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This review examines prostacyclin's roles in pregnancy, uterine function, fetal circulation, and gynecological conditions like hypermenorrhea and endometriosis.

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This review examines the physiological role of prostacyclin (PGI2) as a vasodilator and platelet aggregation inhibitor, focusing on its metabolic balance with thromboxane A2 in obstetrics and gynecology. The authors highlight that PGI2 levels increase during late pregnancy to facilitate altered hemodynamics and uterine relaxation, while noting disruptions in this pathway are associated with conditions like EPH gestosis, hypermenorrhoea, and cancer. The paper explicitly identifies endometriosis as one of several conditions where changes in PGI2 metabolism have been observed, alongside estrogen-containing oral contraceptive use and premenopausal hysterectomy. Relevance to endometriosis: listed as one indication for GnRH antagonists, though the paper's main focus is uterine fibroids.

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Subscribe to RSS DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1037307 © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Derzeitiger Stand der Prostazyklinforschung in Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie Present Status of Prostacyclin Research in Obstetrics and GynaecologyPublication History Publication Date: 19 March 2008 (online) Zusammenfassung Prostazyklin (PGI2) ist ein starker Vasodilatator und Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer, der in den Gefäß wänden synthetisiert wird. Unter physiologischen Bedin gungen besteht ein Gleichgewicht zu Thromboxan A2 (TXA2), das in den Thrombozyten entsteht, vasokonstriktorisch und fördernd auf die Thrombozytenaggregation wirkt. Bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen wie Atherosklerose, Diabetes mellitus, hämolytisch-urämischem Syndrom, Lupus erythematodes oder Urämie wurden Störungen des PGI2-Stoffwechsels festgestellt. Durch synthetisches PGI2 und PGI2-Derivate sowie Pharmaka mit unterschiedlichen Wirkungsmechanismen ist es möglich, den PGI2-Stoffwechsel und das Gleichgewicht zwischen PGI2 und TXA2 zu beeinflussen. In Geburtshilfe und Gynäkologie erscheinen aufgrund erster experimenteller und klinischer Untersuchungen folgende Veränderungen des PGI2-Stoffwechsels von Bedeutung: In der Spätgravidität soll der PGI2-Spiegel im Plasma erhöht sein. PGI2 wird deshalb für die veränderte Hämodynamik in der Schwangerschaft verantwortlich gemacht. Hauptsyntheseort von PGI2 in der Gravidität ist der Uterus. PGI2 soll relaxierend, TXA2 kontraktionsauslösend auf die schwangere Uterusmuskulatur wirken. Man nimmt an, daß bei der EPH-Gestose und der chronischen Plazentainsuffizienz der PGI2-Anstieg in der Schwangerschaft ausbleibt. Es liegen erste Erfahrungen vor über die Gabe von PGI2 bei therapieresistenter EPH-Gestose. Dabei konnte der diastolische Blutdruck drastisch gesenkt werden. Neben PGE2 ist offensichtlich PGI2 für die fetale Zirkulation, die Nabelschnurdurchblutung und das Offenbleiben des Ductus Botalli von entscheidender Bedeutung. Vor der Gabe von Prostaglandin-Synthese-hemmern, wie z. B. Azetylsalizylsäure, in der Schwangerschaft wird deshalb gewarnt. Die Hypermenorrhoe soll Ausdruck einer erhöhten PGI2-Produktion des Uterus und eines gestörten Gleichgewichts zwischen PGI2, PGE2 und PGF2a sein. Veränderungen des PGI2-Stoffwechsels fand man bei Einnahme von östrogenhaltigen oralen Antikonzenptiva, beim Karzinom, bei der Endometriose und werden vermutet nach prämenopausaler Hysterektomie. Künftige Forschungsergebnisse werden zeigen, welcher Stellenwert dem PGI2 für Pathophysiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie geburtshilflich-gynäkologischer Erkrankungen zukommt. Abstract Prostacyclin (PGI2) is synthesized in the vessel walls and is a powerful vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Under physiological conditions there is a balance with thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a substance derived from blood platelets, which acts as a vasoconstrictor and promotor of platelet aggregation. Disorders of PGI2 metabolism have been found in different diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, haemolytic uraemic syndrome, lupus erythematodes or uraemia. Synthetic PGI2 and PGI2 derivatives, as well as drugs with different modes of action, made in possible to interfere with PGI2 metabolism and the balance of PGI2 with TXA2. According to preliminary experimental and clinical studies the following changes in PGI2 metabolism may be important in obstetrics and gynaecology: in late pregnancy PGI2 levels in plasma are thought to be increased and therefore, PGI2 is considered responsible for the altered haemodynamics during pregnancy. The uterus is the main source of PGI2 in pregnancy and the action of PGI2 is to relax and that of TXA2 to contract the pregnant myometrium. It has been demonstrated that there is no increase of PGI2 during pregnancy in cases of EPH gestosis and of chronic placental insufficiency. In patients with EPH gestosis who failed to improve with antihypertensive treatment, PGI2 infusione caused a dramatic fall of diastolic blood pressure. Besides PGE2, PGI2 seems to be most important for foetal circulation, umbilical blood flow and patency of the ductus arteriosus. Therefore, inhibitors of Prostaglandin synthesis such as acetylsalicylic acid, should be avoided in pregnancy. Hypermenorrhoea appears to be due to an increased production of PGI2 by the uterus and a disturbed balance of PGI2, PGE2 and PGF2a. Changes in PGI2 metabolism were found in women taking oestrogen-containing oral contraceptives, in cancer, endometriosis and are thought to be involved with premenopausal hysterectomy. Future research should indicate a definite role for PGI2 in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of diseases in obstetrics and gynaecology.

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Epoprostenol Epoprostenol Epoprostenol Prostaglandins Contraceptives, Oral Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Genital Neoplasms, Female Genital Neoplasms, Female Humans Hysterectomy Placental Insufficiency Placental Insufficiency Pre-Eclampsia Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Thromboxane A2 Thromboxane A2 Time Factors

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europepmc
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pubmed
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