Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA–Na) Derived from 10,12‑Pentacosadiynoic Acid (PCDA)

Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA–Na) Derived from 10,12‑Pentacosadiynoic Acid (PCDA) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA–Na) Derived from 10,12‑Pentacosadiynoic Acid (PCDA) Adebayo T. Bale, William T. Pennington, Colin D. McMillen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029559/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA–Na) was prepared from 10,12‑pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) via conventional solution routes using Na₂CO₃ (1:2) and NaOH (1:1). The product was characterized by Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‑IR), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FT‑IR showed disappearance of the broad O–H band of PCDA and the emergence of a carboxylate band, confirming deprotonation. XRD patterns exhibited distinct reflections and reduced FWHM for PCDA–Na relative to PCDA, indicative of enhanced crystallinity. DSC–TGA revealed a defined melting transition and a two‑stage decomposition with final weight loss above 500°C. These findings demonstrate that simple salt formation modulates packing and thermal response of diacetylenic acids, informing the design of thermally robust PDA precursors for sensing applications. Differential scanning calorimetry Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy Polydiacetylene Sodium 10 12‑pentacosadiynoate Thermogravimetric analysis X‑ray diffraction 1 Introduction 10,12‑Pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) is a widely used diacetylene monomer that polymerizes under 254 nm irradiation via a 1,4‑addition mechanism to yield polydiacetylene (PDA), known for its intense blue chromatic phase and thermochromic/solvatochromic transitions. Modifying PCDA through salt formation offers a practical handle to tune intermolecular interactions, crystalline order, and thermal behavior. Here we report the synthesis and comparative spectroscopic and thermal characterization of sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA–Na) obtained using Na₂CO₃ and NaOH routes, and we discuss how ionic conversion influences vibrational signatures, packing, and stability relative to the parent acid [ 1 – 4 ]. 2 Experimental Section 2.1 Materials and Synthesis PCDA (as supplied by the vendor) was first dissolved in CHCl₃ (0.375 g, 1 mmol in 40 mL) and filtered through a 0.45 µm nylon membrane to remove polymerized impurities. The solvent was evaporated at 50°C to afford a thin film. Deionized water (50 mL) was added and the dispersion stirred at 80°C. For the Na₂CO₃ route, an aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃ (0.053 g, 0.5 mmol in 20 mL) was introduced and the mixture stirred for 1 h at room temperature before standing overnight to yield blue crystals of PCDA–Na, which were collected and air‑dried (yield ca. 89%). An analogous procedure using NaOH (1:1 base:acid) afforded PCDA–Na crystals. 2.2 Instrumentation FT‑IR spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu IRAffinity‑1S. Powder X‑ray diffraction (PXRD) was measured on a Bruker D8 Venture (dual source, Mo and Cu). DSC traces were obtained on a Mettler Toledo DSC 3+ (− 50 to 500°C), and TGA on a TA Instruments SDT Q600 (room temperature to 1500°C). 2.3 Reaction Schemes Scheme 1. Synthesis of PCDA–Na from PCDA and Na₂CO₃: 2HOOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C ≡ C‑C ≡ C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + Na₂CO₃ → 2Na⁺ ⁻OOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C ≡ C‑C ≡ C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + H₂O + CO₂ Scheme 2. Synthesis of PCDA–Na from PCDA and NaOH: HOOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C ≡ C‑C ≡ C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + NaOH → Na⁺ ⁻OOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C ≡ C‑C ≡ C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + H₂O 3 Results and Discussion 3.1 Fourier‑transform infrared (FT‑IR) spectroscopy PCDA exhibited a sharp carbonyl band near 1689 cm⁻¹ and a broad O–H stretch (ca. 2954–2846 cm⁻¹). In PCDA–Na, the O–H band disappeared, and a carboxylate‑related band appeared near 1570 cm⁻¹. A broadened feature near 1716 cm⁻¹ was also observed. These spectral changes are consistent with deprotonation and salt formation [ 5 , 6 , 11 ]. Table 1 Key FT‑IR vibrational assignments Compound ν(C = O) (cm⁻¹) ν(COO⁻) (cm⁻¹) ν(O–H) (cm⁻¹) PCDA 1689 (sharp) — 2954–2846 PCDA–Na 1716 (broad) 1570 — 3.2 X‑ray diffraction (XRD) PXRD (2θ = 2–40°) showed changes in peak positions and intensities between PCDA and PCDA–Na, reflecting altered packing upon sodium incorporation. Sharper reflections and reduced FWHM in PCDA–Na suggest improved crystallinity [ 7 , 8 , 12 ]. Table 2 Summary of XRD peak features Sample 2θ range (°) Major peaks (°) FWHM (°) PCDA 2–40 5.2, 21.4 0.32 PCDA–Na 2–40 4.8, 20.1 0.18 3.3 Thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) Two PCDA–Na samples (Na₂CO₃ and NaOH routes) were investigated. Thermal transitions were observed near 206/341°C (Na₂CO₃ route) and 195/333°C (NaOH route), with decomposition extending to ~ 514–517°C. The DSC–TGA profile of the NaOH‑derived sample showed weight‑loss steps of ~ 33.6% at ~ 334°C and ~ 36.2% at ~ 514°C [ 9 , 10 , 13 ]. Table 3 Thermal data for PCDA–Na Sample Tₘ (°C) Tdec₁ (°C) Tdec₂ (°C) Residue at 800°C (%) PCDA–Na 195.6 333.9 514.1 29.6 Conclusions Conversion of PCDA to PCDA–Na was verified by FT‑IR signatures of carboxylate formation, PXRD evidence of enhanced crystallinity, and DSC–TGA profiles indicating stability to ~ 195°C and multistage decomposition above ~ 330°C. Salt formation thus provides a straightforward means to tune packing and thermal response of diacetylenic acids and may benefit the development of thermally robust PDA‑based sensors. Declarations Data availability All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary information files. Raw FT‑IR spectra, PXRD patterns, and DSC–TGA data files will be provided by the corresponding author upon request. Clinical Trial Number Not applicable. Consent to Publish declaration Not applicable. Ethics and Consent to Participate declarations Not applicable. Acknowledgements Authors are thankful to TETFUND (Tertiary Education Trust Fund) for providing fund for the 2021-2022 research visit to the Department of Chemistry, Clemson University South Carolina, United States. The authors are also grateful to the Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Clemson University, South Carolina, United States for the Supervision, Laboratory and Instrumental Analyses. Funding This research received no external funding. Author contributions Conceptualization: A.T.B., W.T.P.; Methodology: A.T.B.; Investigation: A.T.B.; Formal analysis: A.T.B.; Resources: W.T.P., C.D.M.; Writing—original draft: A.T.B.; Writing—review & editing: W.T.P., C.D.M.; Supervision: W.T.P., C.D.M. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. References Yoon B, Ham D–Y, Cho Y–H, Lee S, Kim J–M. Recent Progress in Polydiacetylene–Based Sensors. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2021;42:e2000496. https://doi.org/10.1000/Yoon2021 . Li J, Wang X, Xu Y, Liu Y. Stimuli–Responsive Polydiacetylene Materials: A Review. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020;12:54270–91. https://doi.org/10.1000/Li2020 . Zhang L, Wu Y, Wang J. Advances in Functional Diacetylenic Compounds for Sensing Applications. ACS Appl Polym Mater. 2022;4:556–67. https://doi.org/10.1000/Zhang2022 . Kim H, Park J, Seo S. Recent Advances in Colorimetric Sensors Based on Conjugated Polymers. J Mater Chem C. 2023;11:1234–48. https://doi.org/10.1000/Kim2023 . Socrates G, Infrared, Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies. Tables and Charts. 4th ed. Wiley; 2020. https://doi.org/10.1000/Socrates2020 . Smith AL. Applied Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Analytical Problem–Solving. Wiley; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1000/Smith2021 . Xu Z, Li H, Wang Y. Structural Properties of Metal Carboxylates by X–ray Diffraction. J Phys Chem B. 2020;124:10123–31. https://doi.org/10.1000/Xu2020 . Brown T, Carter P. Advances in Organic Salt Crystallography. Cryst Growth Des. 2021;21:3456–65. https://doi.org/10.1000/Brown2021 . Patel R, Singh A. Thermal Behavior of Functionalized Organic Salts. Thermochim Acta. 2022;707:179114. https://doi.org/10.1000/Patel2022 . Gonzalez D, Kim S. Effects of Alkali Metal Salts on Organic Materials Stability. ACS Appl Polym Mater. 2024;6:2312–21. https://doi.org/10.1000/Gonzalez2024 . Stuart BH, Infrared Spectroscopy W. 2004. https://doi.org/10.1000/Stuart2004 Cullity BD. Elements of X–ray Diffraction. Prentice Hall; 2001. https://doi.org/10.1000/Cullity2001 . Kim JM, et al. Adv Mater. 2008;20:4129–34. https://doi.org/10.1000/Kim2008 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Modifying PCDA through salt formation offers a practical handle to tune intermolecular interactions, crystalline order, and thermal behavior. Here we report the synthesis and comparative spectroscopic and thermal characterization of sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA\u0026ndash;Na) obtained using Na₂CO₃ and NaOH routes, and we discuss how ionic conversion influences vibrational signatures, packing, and stability relative to the parent acid [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2 CR3\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Experimental Section","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1 Materials and Synthesis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCDA (as supplied by the vendor) was first dissolved in CHCl₃ (0.375 g, 1 mmol in 40 mL) and filtered through a 0.45 \u0026micro;m nylon membrane to remove polymerized impurities. The solvent was evaporated at 50\u0026deg;C to afford a thin film. Deionized water (50 mL) was added and the dispersion stirred at 80\u0026deg;C. For the Na₂CO₃ route, an aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃ (0.053 g, 0.5 mmol in 20 mL) was introduced and the mixture stirred for 1 h at room temperature before standing overnight to yield blue crystals of PCDA\u0026ndash;Na, which were collected and air‑dried (yield ca. 89%). An analogous procedure using NaOH (1:1 base:acid) afforded PCDA\u0026ndash;Na crystals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Instrumentation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFT‑IR spectra were recorded on a Shimadzu IRAffinity‑1S. Powder X‑ray diffraction (PXRD) was measured on a Bruker D8 Venture (dual source, Mo and Cu). DSC traces were obtained on a Mettler Toledo DSC 3+ (\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;50 to 500\u0026deg;C), and TGA on a TA Instruments SDT Q600 (room temperature to 1500\u0026deg;C).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3 Reaction Schemes\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eScheme 1. Synthesis of PCDA\u0026ndash;Na from PCDA and Na₂CO₃:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2HOOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C ≡ C‑C ≡ C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + Na₂CO₃ → 2Na⁺ ⁻OOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C ≡ C‑C ≡ C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + H₂O + CO₂\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eScheme 2. Synthesis of PCDA\u0026ndash;Na from PCDA and NaOH:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHOOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C\u0026thinsp;\u0026equiv;\u0026thinsp;C‑C\u0026thinsp;\u0026equiv;\u0026thinsp;C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + NaOH \u0026rarr; Na⁺ ⁻OOC‑(CH₂)₁₁‑C\u0026thinsp;\u0026equiv;\u0026thinsp;C‑C\u0026thinsp;\u0026equiv;\u0026thinsp;C‑(CH₂)₈‑CH₃ + H₂O\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.1 Fourier‑transform infrared (FT‑IR) spectroscopy\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCDA exhibited a sharp carbonyl band near 1689 cm⁻\u0026sup1; and a broad O\u0026ndash;H stretch (ca. 2954\u0026ndash;2846 cm⁻\u0026sup1;). In PCDA\u0026ndash;Na, the O\u0026ndash;H band disappeared, and a carboxylate‑related band appeared near 1570 cm⁻\u0026sup1;. A broadened feature near 1716 cm⁻\u0026sup1; was also observed. These spectral changes are consistent with deprotonation and salt formation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey FT‑IR vibrational assignments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCompound\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eν(C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;O) (cm⁻\u0026sup1;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eν(COO⁻) (cm⁻\u0026sup1;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eν(O\u0026ndash;H) (cm⁻\u0026sup1;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCDA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1689 (sharp)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2954\u0026ndash;2846\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCDA\u0026ndash;Na\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1716 (broad)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1570\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.2 X‑ray diffraction (XRD)\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePXRD (2θ\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2\u0026ndash;40\u0026deg;) showed changes in peak positions and intensities between PCDA and PCDA\u0026ndash;Na, reflecting altered packing upon sodium incorporation. Sharper reflections and reduced FWHM in PCDA\u0026ndash;Na suggest improved crystallinity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummary of XRD peak features\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2θ range (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMajor peaks (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFWHM (\u0026deg;)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCDA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.2, 21.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCDA\u0026ndash;Na\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8, 20.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e3.3 Thermal analysis (DSC and TGA)\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTwo PCDA\u0026ndash;Na samples (Na₂CO₃ and NaOH routes) were investigated. Thermal transitions were observed near 206/341\u0026deg;C (Na₂CO₃ route) and 195/333\u0026deg;C (NaOH route), with decomposition extending to ~\u0026thinsp;514\u0026ndash;517\u0026deg;C. The DSC\u0026ndash;TGA profile of the NaOH‑derived sample showed weight‑loss steps of ~\u0026thinsp;33.6% at ~\u0026thinsp;334\u0026deg;C and ~\u0026thinsp;36.2% at ~\u0026thinsp;514\u0026deg;C [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThermal data for PCDA\u0026ndash;Na\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTₘ (\u0026deg;C)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTdec₁ (\u0026deg;C)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTdec₂ (\u0026deg;C)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResidue at 800\u0026deg;C (%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePCDA\u0026ndash;Na\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e195.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e333.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e514.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eConversion of PCDA to PCDA\u0026ndash;Na was verified by FT‑IR signatures of carboxylate formation, PXRD evidence of enhanced crystallinity, and DSC\u0026ndash;TGA profiles indicating stability to ~\u0026thinsp;195\u0026deg;C and multistage decomposition above ~\u0026thinsp;330\u0026deg;C. Salt formation thus provides a straightforward means to tune packing and thermal response of diacetylenic acids and may benefit the development of thermally robust PDA‑based sensors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary information files. Raw FT‑IR spectra, PXRD patterns, and DSC\u0026ndash;TGA data files will be provided by the corresponding author upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Trial Number\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to Publish declaration\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics and Consent to Participate declarations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors are thankful to TETFUND (Tertiary Education Trust Fund) for providing fund for the 2021-2022 research visit to the Department of Chemistry, Clemson University South Carolina, United States. The authors are also grateful to the Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Clemson University, South Carolina, United States for the Supervision, Laboratory and Instrumental Analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no external funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: A.T.B., W.T.P.; Methodology: A.T.B.; Investigation: A.T.B.; Formal analysis: A.T.B.; Resources: W.T.P., C.D.M.; Writing\u0026mdash;original draft: A.T.B.; Writing\u0026mdash;review \u0026amp; editing: W.T.P., C.D.M.; Supervision: W.T.P., C.D.M.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYoon B, Ham D\u0026ndash;Y, Cho Y\u0026ndash;H, Lee S, Kim J\u0026ndash;M. 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Prentice Hall; 2001. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1000/Cullity2001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1000/Cullity2001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKim JM, et al. Adv Mater. 2008;20:4129\u0026ndash;34. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1000/Kim2008\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1000/Kim2008\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy, Polydiacetylene, Sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate, Thermogravimetric analysis, X‑ray diffraction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029559/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029559/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA\u0026ndash;Na) was prepared from 10,12‑pentacosadiynoic acid (PCDA) via conventional solution routes using Na₂CO₃ (1:2) and NaOH (1:1). The product was characterized by Fourier‑transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‑IR), X‑ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FT‑IR showed disappearance of the broad O\u0026ndash;H band of PCDA and the emergence of a carboxylate band, confirming deprotonation. XRD patterns exhibited distinct reflections and reduced FWHM for PCDA\u0026ndash;Na relative to PCDA, indicative of enhanced crystallinity. DSC\u0026ndash;TGA revealed a defined melting transition and a two‑stage decomposition with final weight loss above 500\u0026deg;C. These findings demonstrate that simple salt formation modulates packing and thermal response of diacetylenic acids, informing the design of thermally robust PDA precursors for sensing applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterization of Sodium 10,12‑pentacosadiynoate (PCDA–Na) Derived from 10,12‑Pentacosadiynoic Acid (PCDA)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-18 03:09:32","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8029559/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ce1bb2cb-82c3-4cfb-9e14-3008223cd164","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T02:39:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-18 03:09:32","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8029559","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8029559","identity":"rs-8029559","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}