Synthesis of Iron Oxide/Activated Hydrochar Composite from Residual Brewery Biomass for Remediation of Water Contaminated with Chlorophenol

Synthesis of Iron Oxide/Activated Hydrochar Composite from Residual Brewery Biomass for Remediation of Water Contaminated with Chlorophenol | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Synthesis of Iron Oxide/Activated Hydrochar Composite from Residual Brewery Biomass for Remediation of Water Contaminated with Chlorophenol Matias Kopp, Pedro Anabalón, Sebastian Rocha, María Eugenia Gonzalez, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5290572/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Mar, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The study aimed to develop an iron oxide/activated hydrochar composite (FeOHC) to remove 2-chlorophenol from water through adsorption or oxidation processes. Two preparation methods were used: (1) incipient wetness impregnation of biomass via hydrothermal carbonization, and (2) coprecipitation of iron oxide on the hydrochar surface (FeOHC-C). Both materials were activated at 400°C under nitrogen. Characterization revealed mesoporous structures with surface areas of 44–66 m² g⁻¹ and magnetite presence. Adsorption experiments showed a capacity of 7.71 and 5.14 mg g⁻¹ within 24 hours, with the Elovich model best describing the kinetics. Equilibrium adsorption ranged from 24.63 to 18.70 mg g⁻¹, with FeOHC showing the highest capacity, fitting the Sips isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis suggested a physical adsorption process. Fenton reactions demonstrated faster removal at pH 3.0, while reusability tests confirmed the materials could act as both adsorbents and self-regenerative catalysts for water remediation. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science brewer’s spent grain iron oxide carbon composite biomass hydrochar Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementarymaterial2CPKopp1.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Mar, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 08 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Nov, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 07 Nov, 2024 Editor invited by journal 07 Nov, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Nov, 2024 First submitted to journal 18 Oct, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5290572","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":375606483,"identity":"390aad1a-b5e2-4e2c-8236-89ee749740cf","order_by":0,"name":"Matias Kopp","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of La Frontera","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Matias","middleName":"","lastName":"Kopp","suffix":""},{"id":375606484,"identity":"d4fe9f19-a89a-4b62-a298-036f83c259de","order_by":1,"name":"Pedro Anabalón","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of La 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Two preparation methods were used: (1) incipient wetness impregnation of biomass via hydrothermal carbonization, and (2) coprecipitation of iron oxide on the hydrochar surface (FeOHC-C). Both materials were activated at 400\u0026deg;C under nitrogen. Characterization revealed mesoporous structures with surface areas of 44\u0026ndash;66 m\u0026sup2; g⁻\u0026sup1; and magnetite presence. Adsorption experiments showed a capacity of 7.71 and 5.14 mg g⁻\u0026sup1; within 24 hours, with the Elovich model best describing the kinetics. Equilibrium adsorption ranged from 24.63 to 18.70 mg g⁻\u0026sup1;, with FeOHC showing the highest capacity, fitting the Sips isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis suggested a physical adsorption process. 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