Variation in Hematologic Reference Values in captive and free-ranging South American Gray Fox (Lycalopex griseus)

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Arzabe, Natalia Duran, Javier Cabello-Stom, Carola Valencia-Soto, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9087985/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Establishing species-specific hematological reference values for wildlife species is essential for comprehensive health assessments and early disease detection. This study aimed to determine hematologic reference values for the South American gray fox ( Lycalopex griseus ) and assess differences between free-ranging and captive individuals. We examined 32 L. griseus , including 14 captive foxes from Santiago Zoo Metropolitan Park and 18 free-ranging individuals from sheep ranches and natural environments in Chilean Patagonia. Only clinically healthy animals were included. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in hematologic parameters between populations, with reference values presented separately for each group. Differences were primarily observed in specific white blood cell lineages, as eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were substantially higher in free-ranging foxes. This suggests a more active immune status in wildlife individuals, underscoring the need for environment-specific reference intervals. Further research is warranted to investigate health status and factors influencing hematologic parameters in L. griseus , thereby supporting conservation efforts. Physiological rates Blood parameters Blood cell counts Conservation Management Introduction Baseline hematological values are essential for assessing health status in both wild and captive animals (Deem et al. 2001 ). Species-specific reference intervals enable early disease detection and timely interventions (Shanmugam et al. 2017 ). Furthermore, these values contribute to long-term population health monitoring and provide insights into species' responses to management and conservation strategies (Deem et al. 2001 ). The South American gray fox or chilla fox ( Lycalopex griseus ), while is categorized as "Least Concern", faces illegal trapping and hunting due to predation on lambs (Lucherini 2016 ) being a frequent patient of wildlife veterinarians in Argentina and Chile (Romero et al. 2019 ) and a potential reservoir, receptor and carrier of pathogens in livestock areas (Arzabe and Simonetti 2022 ). Currently, reference blood parameters used for chilla fox are extrapolated from phylogenetically congeneric species such as culpeo foxes ( Lycalopex culpaeus ) and even domestic dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) (Rubio et al. 2014 ). However, hematological parameters can vary significantly even within a single species across different environments (e.g., May-Júnior et al. 2009 ; Curi et al. 2015 ). Consequently, extrapolating values between species—or assuming uniformity within a species without verification—risks inaccurate health assessments. Here we assess species-specific reference intervals for L. griseus comparing captive individuals at the Santiago Zoo Metropolitan Park in Chile, and free-ranging individuals from the Chilean Patagonia, providing population-specific intervals for more precise health evaluations. Methodology We determined reference intervals for hematologic parameters in 32 clinically healthy L. griseus : 14 captive individuals from Santiago Zoo Metropolitan Park, which receives rescued animals from 37 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region (33°15′–33°40′S), sampled between 2015 and 2018 and, 18 free-ranging individuals from Chilean Patagonia. Free-ranging samples were collected from two areas: seven from sheep ranches on Riesco Island, Magallanes (52°54′S 72°10′W) between March 2019 and December 2020, and 11 from a Puerto Montt rehabilitation center (41°28′S 72°56′W) between May 2018 and May 2022, which receives animals from Llanquihue and Osorno regions. This sample size aligns with recommendations for hematologic studies in mammals (Mutinda et al. 2019 ). Only mature, disease-free individuals were included, confirmed by clinical examination (coat/body condition, cardiorespiratory rates, temperature, mucous membranes) and fecal parasitological analysis. Captive animals with health issues or under medication were excluded. Further, hematological values ought to be stable in two previous controls; free-ranging individuals from Riesco Island were captured, sampled, and released (Arzabe et al. 2021 ), while additional individuals came from routine epidemiological research at San Sebastian University Veterinary Hospital. Age was estimated via dental eruption and sexual maturation. Blood samples (5–6 mL) were collected from the cephalic vein (5 ml sterile syringe; 21 G x 1/2 needle), never exceeding 5% of estimated total blood volume by body mass. Zoo samples were refrigerated and shipped to VetLab® (Santiago, Chile) that is an animal health reference laboratory. Free-ranging blood was transferred to 2 ml sterile Eppendorf EDTA tubes; plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 1,500 rpm for 10 min in the field (TC-Meteor 10K, Topscien Instrument, Xiangshan, Ningbo, China). Blood smears were prepared for white blood cell (WBC). All samples were stored in thermal containers, refrigerated at 4°C within 4 h, and transported to the reference laboratory. Hematologic analysis included erythrocytes or red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration(HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocytes or white blood cell (WBC) count, reticulocytes (RET) count and percentage, and the differential leukocyte count (DLC) identified: eosinophil (EOS) count and percentage, neutrophils (NEUT) count and percentage, lymphocytes (LYMPH) count and percentage, and monocytes (MONO) count and percentage, thrombocytes or platelet (PLT) count. Analyses employed an automated hematology analyzer HumaCount 60TS (Human GmbH, Wiesbaden 65205, Germany) with canine settings using impedance method; differential WBC used Wright-Giemsastained smears by microscopy. Statistical analyses followed current guidelines (Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee 2012). Descriptive statistics (Geffré et al. 2011 ; Hein et al. 2012 ) were computed using Past v.4.12 and InfoStat v.2018. Histograms to visualize distributions (Selig et al. 2016 ) were created with InfoStat v.2018. Normality was assessed using Anderson-Darling (Selig et al. 2016 ), Lilliefors (Hein et al. 2012 ), and Shapiro-Wilk tests (Brandt et al. 2022 ) the PAST (PAleontological STatistics) v.4.17 software. Group comparisons (free-ranging vs. captive) for non-percentage analytes employed Student's t-test (May-Júnior et al. 2009 ) using InfoStat v.2018 and MedCalc Software Limited v.20.210-64-bit, with post-hoc power analysis (GPower v.3.1.9.4) for non-significant results. Non-normal data were Box-Cox transformed and rechecked (Geffré et al. 2011 ; Selig et al. 2016 ; Brandt et al. 2022 ) with InfoStat v.2018 software. Outliers were identified using Dixon's range test (Geffré et al. 2011 ) and Grubbs test (Peruffo et al. 2016 ) in past v.4.12. Extreme outliers were removed individually per analysis (Friedrichs et al. 2012 ); whole samples excluded only if multiple outliers occurred across analyses (Selig et al. 2016 ; Mutinda et al. 2019 ). Due to sample size (n < 40), we computed the 90% reference intervals using the "robust method" in MedCalc Software Limited v.20.210-64-bit. Medians were provided, and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 (Selig et al. 2016 ). Results Eighteen analytes were evaluated in the 32 individuals sampled over a 7-year period. No significant differences were found between free-ranging and captive individuals in ten anatytes (Student’s t-test 0.07 for all cases). However, post-hoc power analysis revealed insufficient statistical power (1 – β < 0.8) to detect potential differences in four of these analytes: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), reticulocyte count (RET), and white blood cell count (WBC). Therefore, only six analytes can be confidently considered not to differ between groups: erythrocytes or red blood cell (RBC), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Neutrophils (NEUT) and Thrombocytes or platelet (PLT) (Table 1) No significant differences were observed between sexes, and no outlier data were detected. Since differences were found in leukocyte cell analytes, eosinophil count (EOS), lymphocytes count (LYMPH) and monocytes (MONO) count, which were higher in free-ranging foxes. Therefore, caution is advised when interpreting these ranges. Therefore, two sets of reference values are presented—for free‑ranging and captive L. griseus , respectively (Table 1). Negative lower limits (e.g., for EOS, LYMPH, MONO) resulted from the robust method used to calculate 90% reference intervals with small sample sizes. As negative counts and percentages exceeding 100% are biologically implausible, these were adjusted to 0% and 100%, respectively, to ensure physiological relevance and practical utility. Discussion Variations in hematological parameters can be influenced by biological factors. In L. griseus , most blood parameters did not differ significantly between sexes, like findings in maned wolves ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ) (May-Júnior et al. 2009 ; Curi et al. 2015 ). Although exceptions in glucose, creatinine phosphokinase, and serum potassium were reported in C. brachyurus (May-Júnior et al. 2009 ), such differences were not observed in chilla foxes (Concha-Meyer 2015 ). In our study, no statistical differences were found between free-ranging and captive individuals for most analytes, except eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. However, sample size limited our ability to detect potential differences in four additional analytes, two leukocyte parameters and two related to erythrocyte morphology. If differences exist in these analytes, they would align with previously reported variations in blood chemistry values for L. griseus (Concha-Meyer 2015 ). Blood chemistry is largely environmentally dependent and typically exhibits greater variation than cellular hematological parameters; therefore, finding differences in both suggests significant intraspecific variation potentially arising from biological as well as environmental factors. Regarding the culpeo foxes blood values ( L. culpaeus ) currently used as surrogates (Rubio et al., 2014 ), our work shows multiple differences that could compromise diagnostic accuracy, including wider ranges for RBC, HGB, MCHC, NEUT; a lower range in EOS and NEUT, and lower absolute values for HCT, WBC, NEUT and LYMPH; which reaffirms the necessity of species-specific reference intervals. Most erythrocyte and platelet parameters showed no differences between populations, suggesting that values from healthy captive individuals, including those in zoos and rescue centers, can be used to infer values for variables not directly measured in a given study, thus reducing the need for extensive fieldwork. The differences in eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes; which are 7, 2, and 2½ times more prevalent in the field, respectively, along with the inconclusive results in leukocytes and eosinophils, suggest an active immune response or a generally higher activation immune system in the population found in the field compared to the zoo. Potential explanations include differential pathogen or parasite exposure, as reported in C. brachyurus where individuals near park borders exhibited higher tick infestation and WBC counts than those inside the park or on farmlands (Curi et al. 2015 ). Additional factors may include genetic structuring influencing autoimmune responses, or environmental conditions such as rugged terrain promoting chronic inflammation and antigen-rich settings triggering allergic reactions. This study represents the first comprehensive hematological reference intervals for L. griseus , as well the first comparison between captive and free ranging populations; providing essential baselines for health assessment and treatment, particularly given environment-associated differences that likely reflect increased pathogen exposure in the wild. The population-specific intervals presented here enable more accurate evaluations and support future conservation efforts. Declarations Funding: This work was partially supported by FONDECyT 1220424 and the Programa Ganadería Sustentable, Asociación Kauyeken. Competing Interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Author contributions: A.A.A. and J.A.S. conceived and designed the study. A.A.A., N.D., J.C.S., and C.V.S. acquired the data. A.A.A. drafted the manuscript, and all authors critically revised it for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Data Availability: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidad de Chile CICUA, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee; certified N°18195-VET-UCH. References Arzabe AA, Retamal P, Simonetti JA (2021) Livestock guarding dogs have minor effects on the parasite burden of wild carnivores. Parasitol Res 2021 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00436-021-07348-9 Arzabe AA, Simonetti JA (2022) Innocent until proven guilty: systematic review of the effect of livestock on South American wild canid parasites. Acta Parasitol 67:577–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00500-6 Brandt LA, Jennings ND, Squires MA, et al (2022) Hematology and Biochemistry Reference Intervals for American Alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ) in South Florida, USA. J Wildl Dis 58:457–464. https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00142 Concha-Meyer IJ (2015) Comparación de parámetros de bioquímica sanguínea en zorros chilla ( Pseudalopex griseus ) silvestres y en cautiverio. Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. Curi NH de A, Malta MCC, Coelho CM, et al (2015) Blood values diverge between two populations of a Neotropical wild canid. Comp Clin Path 24:435–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-014-1922-x Deem SL, Karesh WB, Weisman W (2001) Putting theory into practice: wildlife health in conservation. Conserv Biol 15:1224–1233. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.00336.x Friedrichs KR, Harr KE, Freeman KP, et al (2012) ASVCP reference interval guidelines: Determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics. Vet Clin Pathol 41:441–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12006 Geffré A, Concordet D, Braun JP, Trumel C (2011) Reference value advisor: a new freeware set of macroinstructions to calculate reference intervals with Microsoft Excel. Vet Clin Pathol 40:107–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00287.x Hein J, Spreyer F, Sauter-Louis C, Hartmann K (2012) Reference ranges for laboratory parameters in ferrets. Vet Rec 171:218. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.100628 Lucherini M (2016) Lycalopex griseus , chilla. In: IUCN Red List Threat. Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/6927/0. Accessed 25 Sep 2018 May-Júnior JA, Songsasen N, Azevedo FC, et al (2009) Hematology and blood chemistry parameters differ in free-ranging maned wolves ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ) living in the serra da canastra national park versus adjacent farmlands, Brazil. J Wildl Dis 45:81–90. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.81 Mutinda M, Crofoot MC, Kishbaugh JC, et al (2019) Blood biochemical reference intervals for free-ranging Olive Baboons ( Papio anubis ) in Kenya. Int J Primatol 40:187–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0074-2 Peruffo L, Boyd JD, Hoppes S, Brightsmith DJ (2016) Blood biochemical values of wild Scarlet Macaw Ara macao macao nestlings and adults. J Avian Med Surg 30:227–236. https://doi.org/10.1647/2015-115 Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee A (2012) Guidelines for the determination of reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics. In: ASVCP. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.asvcp.org/resource/resmgr/QALS/Other_Publications/RI_Guidelines_For_ASVCP_webs.pdf Romero F, Espinoza A, Sallaberry-Pincheira N, Napolitano C (2019) A five-year retrospective study on patterns of casuistry and insights on the current status of wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centers in Chile. Rev Chil Hist Nat 92:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0086-0 Rubio A V., Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Bonacic C (2014) Hematology and serum biochemistry values of culpeo foxes ( Lycalopex culpaeus ) from central Chile. J Zoo Wildl Med 45:589–593. https://doi.org/10.1638/2013-0280R2.1 Selig M, Lewandowski A, Kent MS (2016) Establishment of reference intervals for hematology and biochemistry analytes in a captive colony of Straw-Colored Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum ). J Zoo Wildl Med 47:106–112. https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0040.1 Shanmugam AA, Muliya SK, Deshmukh A, et al (2017) Baseline hematology and serum biochemistry results for Indian leopards ( Panthera pardus fusca ). Vet World 10:818–824. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.818-824 Table Table 1 Comparison of analytes of free-ranging and captive fox populations Measured analyte Free-ranging Captivity Student’s t-test p-value Effect size d 1-β N (Free) Mean±SD (Free) Median (Free) Range (Lower-Upper) Mean±SD (Cap) Median (Cap) Range (Lower-Upper) RBC( cell / µ ) 18 5908888,9 ± 1788729,06 6555000 2785987,19-9605846,7 5760000 ± 1585457,95 6000000 2712732,17-9260590,88 0,25 0,8079 0,088092 0,09 HCT(%) 18 41,94 ± 8,98 42 25,1-56,99 38,16 ± 10,15 40 19,41-57,71 1,12 0,2734 0,394454 0,19 HGB( g / dl ) 18 13,54 ± 2,75 14,45 9,31-19,46 12,31 ± 3,47 12,8 5,87-18,92 1,12 0,271 0,392875 0,19 MCV(fl) 18 74,46 ± 16,63 67,5 38,65-102,83 66,94 ± 7,98 69,25 51,81-82,63 1,69 0,104 0,576557 0,35* MCH( pg / cell ) 7 20,49 ± 0,92 20,5 18,53-22,45 21,64 ± 2,4 21,4 17,2-26,18 -1,57 0,1319 0,632748 0,25* MCHC( g / dl ) 18 32,29 ± 3,73 32,4 26,78-39,91 33,28 ± 3,52 32,75 26,12-38,76 -0,76 0,4521 0,272989 0,12 RET( cell / µ ) 7 33,36 ± 5,55 33,1 21,39-45,17 42,49 ± 12,06 39,7 16,61-61,93 -1,89 0,0743 0,972582 0,51* %RET 7 0,46 ± 0,1 0,4 0,33-0,59 0,81 ± 0,41 0,6 0-1,45 N/C N/C N/C N/C WBC( cell / µ ) 18 9000 ± 3360,85 8050 2082,6-14608,17 7350 ± 3588,18 5650 0-13682,09 1,34 0,191 0,474633 0,25* EOS( cell / µ ) 18 858,44 ± 1179,02 232,5 -2170,44-2502 123,5 ± 229,67 25,5 0-461,65 2,58 0,0188 + N/C N/C %EOS 18 10,5 ± 15,56 3 -28,38-31,98 1,92 ± 3,62 1 0-7,35 N/C N/C N/C N/C NEUT( cell / µ ) 18 5852,44 ± 3321,47 4824 -1272,56-11134,16 6175,57 ± 3095,77 4702 0-11825,94 -0,28 0,7806 0,1006446 0,06 %NEUT 18 62,67 ± 16,09 62 34,18-92,22 83,5 ± 6,62 85,5 72,66-97,66 N/C N/C N/C N/C LYMPH( cell / µ ) 18 1386,72 ± 777,37 1265 -85,66-2747,23 694,64 ± 406,19 634 0-1351,56 3,25 0,0031 + N/C N/C %LYMPH 18 16,67 ± 10,28 14 -6-31,85 10 ± 4,59 7 0-17,72 N/C N/C N/C N/C MONO( cell / µ ) 18 753,44 ± 516,31 551,5 -408,12-1555,62 302,79 ± 173,53 268 0-582,97 3,46 0,0022 + N/C N/C %MONO 18 8,61 ± 5,12 6,5 -2,76-17,16 4,07 ± 1,21 4 1,98-6,37 N/C N/C N/C N/C PLT( cell / µ ) 7 254000 ± 64958,96 280000 140474,01-416433,72 220500 ± 88138,66 200000 55102,28-383943,37 0,89 0,3859 0,4326979 0,14 Erythrocytes or red blood cell count, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocytes or white blood cell count (WBC), reticulocytes count (RET) and percentage (%RET), Eosinophil count (EOS) and percentage (%EOS), neutrophils count (NEUT) and percentage (%NEUT), lymphocytes count (LYMPH) and percentage (%LYMPH), and monocytes count (MONO) and percentage (%MONO), Thrombocytes or platelet count (PLT), statistical differences (+), power test insufficient (*). 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Simonetti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidad de Chile","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Javier","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Simonetti","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-10 22:23:40","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9087985/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9087985/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106402713,"identity":"d8cf5809-bed1-4a40-900f-f67095d9bc62","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 09:12:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":550076,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9087985/v1/f14210c6-8308-40f6-a692-7102db94c9ad.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Variation in Hematologic Reference Values in captive and free-ranging South American Gray Fox (Lycalopex griseus)","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eBaseline hematological values are essential for assessing health status in both wild and captive animals (Deem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e). Species-specific reference intervals enable early disease detection and timely interventions (Shanmugam et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, these values contribute to long-term population health monitoring and provide insights into species' responses to management and conservation strategies (Deem et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe South American gray fox or chilla fox (\u003cem\u003eLycalopex griseus\u003c/em\u003e), while is categorized as \"Least Concern\", faces illegal trapping and hunting due to predation on lambs (Lucherini \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) being a frequent patient of wildlife veterinarians in Argentina and Chile (Romero et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) and a potential reservoir, receptor and carrier of pathogens in livestock areas (Arzabe and Simonetti \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Currently, reference blood parameters used for chilla fox are extrapolated from phylogenetically congeneric species such as culpeo foxes (\u003cem\u003eLycalopex culpaeus\u003c/em\u003e) and even domestic dogs (\u003cem\u003eCanis lupus familiaris\u003c/em\u003e) (Rubio et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). However, hematological parameters can vary significantly even within a single species across different environments (e.g., May-J\u0026uacute;nior et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Curi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Consequently, extrapolating values between species\u0026mdash;or assuming uniformity within a species without verification\u0026mdash;risks inaccurate health assessments. Here we assess species-specific reference intervals for \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e comparing captive individuals at the Santiago Zoo Metropolitan Park in Chile, and free-ranging individuals from the Chilean Patagonia, providing population-specific intervals for more precise health evaluations.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe determined reference intervals for hematologic parameters in 32 clinically healthy \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e: 14 captive individuals from Santiago Zoo Metropolitan Park, which receives rescued animals from 37 municipalities of the Metropolitan Region (33\u0026deg;15\u0026prime;\u0026ndash;33\u0026deg;40\u0026prime;S), sampled between 2015 and 2018 and, 18 free-ranging individuals from Chilean Patagonia. Free-ranging samples were collected from two areas: seven from sheep ranches on Riesco Island, Magallanes (52\u0026deg;54\u0026prime;S 72\u0026deg;10\u0026prime;W) between March 2019 and December 2020, and 11 from a Puerto Montt rehabilitation center (41\u0026deg;28\u0026prime;S 72\u0026deg;56\u0026prime;W) between May 2018 and May 2022, which receives animals from Llanquihue and Osorno regions. This sample size aligns with recommendations for hematologic studies in mammals (Mutinda et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly mature, disease-free individuals were included, confirmed by clinical examination (coat/body condition, cardiorespiratory rates, temperature, mucous membranes) and fecal parasitological analysis. Captive animals with health issues or under medication were excluded. Further, hematological values ought to be stable in two previous controls; free-ranging individuals from Riesco Island were captured, sampled, and released (Arzabe et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), while additional individuals came from routine epidemiological research at San Sebastian University Veterinary Hospital. Age was estimated via dental eruption and sexual maturation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlood samples (5\u0026ndash;6 mL) were collected from the cephalic vein (5 ml sterile syringe; 21 G x 1/2 needle), never exceeding 5% of estimated total blood volume by body mass. Zoo samples were refrigerated and shipped to VetLab\u0026reg; (Santiago, Chile) that is an animal health reference laboratory. Free-ranging blood was transferred to 2 ml sterile Eppendorf EDTA tubes; plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 1,500 rpm for 10 min in the field (TC-Meteor 10K, Topscien Instrument, Xiangshan, Ningbo, China). Blood smears were prepared for white blood cell (WBC). All samples were stored in thermal containers, refrigerated at 4\u0026deg;C within 4 h, and transported to the reference laboratory.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHematologic analysis included erythrocytes or red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration(HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocytes or white blood cell (WBC) count, reticulocytes (RET) count and percentage, and the differential leukocyte count (DLC) identified: eosinophil (EOS) count and percentage, neutrophils (NEUT) count and percentage, lymphocytes (LYMPH) count and percentage, and monocytes (MONO) count and percentage, thrombocytes or platelet (PLT) count. Analyses employed an automated hematology analyzer HumaCount 60TS (Human GmbH, Wiesbaden 65205, Germany) with canine settings using impedance method; differential WBC used Wright-Giemsastained smears by microscopy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Statistical analyses followed current guidelines (Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee 2012). Descriptive statistics (Geffr\u0026eacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Hein et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e) were computed using Past v.4.12 and InfoStat v.2018. Histograms to visualize distributions (Selig et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) were created with InfoStat v.2018. Normality was assessed using Anderson-Darling (Selig et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), Lilliefors (Hein et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e), and Shapiro-Wilk tests (Brandt et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) the PAST (PAleontological STatistics) v.4.17 software. Group comparisons (free-ranging vs. captive) for non-percentage analytes employed Student's t-test (May-J\u0026uacute;nior et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e) using InfoStat v.2018 and MedCalc Software Limited v.20.210-64-bit, with post-hoc power analysis (GPower v.3.1.9.4) for non-significant results. Non-normal data were Box-Cox transformed and rechecked (Geffr\u0026eacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Selig et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Brandt et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) with InfoStat v.2018 software. Outliers were identified using Dixon's range test (Geffr\u0026eacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) and Grubbs test (Peruffo et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) in past v.4.12. Extreme outliers were removed individually per analysis (Friedrichs et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e); whole samples excluded only if multiple outliers occurred across analyses (Selig et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Mutinda et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Due to sample size (n\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;40), we computed the 90% reference intervals using the \"robust method\" in MedCalc Software Limited v.20.210-64-bit. Medians were provided, and statistical significance was set at P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 (Selig et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eEighteen analytes were evaluated in the 32 individuals sampled over a 7-year period. No significant differences were found between free-ranging and captive individuals in ten anatytes (Student\u0026rsquo;s t-test\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;1,69; p-value\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.07 for all cases). However, post-hoc power analysis revealed insufficient statistical power (1 \u0026ndash; β\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.8) to detect potential differences in four of these analytes: mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), reticulocyte count (RET), and white blood cell count (WBC). Therefore, only six analytes can be confidently considered not to differ between groups: erythrocytes or red blood cell (RBC), Hematocrit (HCT), Hemoglobin concentration (HGB), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Neutrophils (NEUT) and Thrombocytes or platelet (PLT) (Table\u0026nbsp;1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo significant differences were observed between sexes, and no outlier data were detected. Since differences were found in leukocyte cell analytes, eosinophil count (EOS), lymphocytes count (LYMPH) and monocytes (MONO) count, which were higher in free-ranging foxes. Therefore, caution is advised when interpreting these ranges.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, two sets of reference values are presented\u0026mdash;for free‑ranging and captive \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e, respectively (Table\u0026nbsp;1). Negative lower limits (e.g., for EOS, LYMPH, MONO) resulted from the robust method used to calculate 90% reference intervals with small sample sizes. As negative counts and percentages exceeding 100% are biologically implausible, these were adjusted to 0% and 100%, respectively, to ensure physiological relevance and practical utility.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eVariations in hematological parameters can be influenced by biological factors. In \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e, most blood parameters did not differ significantly between sexes, like findings in maned wolves (\u003cem\u003eChrysocyon brachyurus\u003c/em\u003e) (May-J\u0026uacute;nior et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Curi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Although exceptions in glucose, creatinine phosphokinase, and serum potassium were reported in \u003cem\u003eC. brachyurus\u003c/em\u003e (May-J\u0026uacute;nior et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e), such differences were not observed in chilla foxes (Concha-Meyer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, no statistical differences were found between free-ranging and captive individuals for most analytes, except eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. However, sample size limited our ability to detect potential differences in four additional analytes, two leukocyte parameters and two related to erythrocyte morphology. If differences exist in these analytes, they would align with previously reported variations in blood chemistry values for \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e (Concha-Meyer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Blood chemistry is largely environmentally dependent and typically exhibits greater variation than cellular hematological parameters; therefore, finding differences in both suggests significant intraspecific variation potentially arising from biological as well as environmental factors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the culpeo foxes blood values (\u003cem\u003eL. culpaeus\u003c/em\u003e) currently used as surrogates (Rubio et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), our work shows multiple differences that could compromise diagnostic accuracy, including wider ranges for RBC, HGB, MCHC, NEUT; a lower range in EOS and NEUT, and lower absolute values for HCT, WBC, NEUT and LYMPH; which reaffirms the necessity of species-specific reference intervals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost erythrocyte and platelet parameters showed no differences between populations, suggesting that values from healthy captive individuals, including those in zoos and rescue centers, can be used to infer values for variables not directly measured in a given study, thus reducing the need for extensive fieldwork.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe differences in eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes; which are 7, 2, and 2\u0026frac12; times more prevalent in the field, respectively, along with the inconclusive results in leukocytes and eosinophils, suggest an active immune response or a generally higher activation immune system in the population found in the field compared to the zoo. Potential explanations include differential pathogen or parasite exposure, as reported in \u003cem\u003eC. brachyurus\u003c/em\u003e where individuals near park borders exhibited higher tick infestation and WBC counts than those inside the park or on farmlands (Curi et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Additional factors may include genetic structuring influencing autoimmune responses, or environmental conditions such as rugged terrain promoting chronic inflammation and antigen-rich settings triggering allergic reactions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study represents the first comprehensive hematological reference intervals for \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e, as well the first comparison between captive and free ranging populations; providing essential baselines for health assessment and treatment, particularly given environment-associated differences that likely reflect increased pathogen exposure in the wild. The population-specific intervals presented here enable more accurate evaluations and support future conservation efforts.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e This work was partially supported by FONDECyT 1220424 and the Programa Ganader\u0026iacute;a Sustentable, Asociaci\u0026oacute;n Kauyeken.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e A.A.A. and J.A.S. conceived and designed the study. A.A.A., N.D., J.C.S., and C.V.S. acquired the data. A.A.A. drafted the manuscript, and all authors critically revised it for important intellectual content. All authors approved the final version and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval:\u003c/strong\u003e This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidad de Chile CICUA, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee; certified N\u0026deg;18195-VET-UCH.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eArzabe AA, Retamal P, Simonetti JA (2021) Livestock guarding dogs have minor effects on the parasite burden of wild carnivores. Parasitol Res 2021 1\u0026ndash;7. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00436-021-07348-9\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eArzabe AA, Simonetti JA (2022) Innocent until proven guilty: systematic review of the effect of livestock on South American wild canid parasites. Acta Parasitol 67:577\u0026ndash;581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11686-021-00500-6\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBrandt LA, Jennings ND, Squires MA, et al (2022) Hematology and Biochemistry Reference Intervals for American Alligator (\u003cem\u003eAlligator mississippiensis\u003c/em\u003e) in South Florida, USA. J Wildl Dis 58:457\u0026ndash;464. https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-21-00142\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eConcha-Meyer IJ (2015) Comparaci\u0026oacute;n de par\u0026aacute;metros de bioqu\u0026iacute;mica sangu\u0026iacute;nea en zorros chilla (\u003cem\u003ePseudalopex griseus\u003c/em\u003e) silvestres y en cautiverio. Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCuri NH de A, Malta MCC, Coelho CM, et al (2015) Blood values diverge between two populations of a Neotropical wild canid. Comp Clin Path 24:435\u0026ndash;439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-014-1922-x\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDeem SL, Karesh WB, Weisman W (2001) Putting theory into practice: wildlife health in conservation. Conserv Biol 15:1224\u0026ndash;1233. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.00336.x\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFriedrichs KR, Harr KE, Freeman KP, et al (2012) ASVCP reference interval guidelines: Determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics. Vet Clin Pathol 41:441\u0026ndash;453. https://doi.org/10.1111/vcp.12006\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGeffr\u0026eacute; A, Concordet D, Braun JP, Trumel C (2011) Reference value advisor: a new freeware set of macroinstructions to calculate reference intervals with Microsoft Excel. Vet Clin Pathol 40:107\u0026ndash;112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00287.x\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHein J, Spreyer F, Sauter-Louis C, Hartmann K (2012) Reference ranges for laboratory parameters in ferrets. Vet Rec 171:218. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.100628\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLucherini M (2016) \u003cem\u003eLycalopex griseus\u003c/em\u003e, chilla. In: IUCN Red List Threat. Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/6927/0. Accessed 25 Sep 2018\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMay-J\u0026uacute;nior JA, Songsasen N, Azevedo FC, et al (2009) Hematology and blood chemistry parameters differ in free-ranging maned wolves (\u003cem\u003eChrysocyon brachyurus\u003c/em\u003e) living in the serra da canastra national park versus adjacent farmlands, Brazil. J Wildl Dis 45:81\u0026ndash;90. https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.1.81\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMutinda M, Crofoot MC, Kishbaugh JC, et al (2019) Blood biochemical reference intervals for free-ranging Olive Baboons (\u003cem\u003ePapio anubis\u003c/em\u003e) in Kenya. Int J Primatol 40:187\u0026ndash;196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-018-0074-2\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePeruffo L, Boyd JD, Hoppes S, Brightsmith DJ (2016) Blood biochemical values of wild Scarlet Macaw \u003cem\u003eAra macao macao\u003c/em\u003e nestlings and adults. J Avian Med Surg 30:227\u0026ndash;236. https://doi.org/10.1647/2015-115\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eQuality Assurance and Laboratory Standards Committee A (2012) Guidelines for the determination of reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics. In: ASVCP. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.asvcp.org/resource/resmgr/QALS/Other_Publications/RI_Guidelines_For_ASVCP_webs.pdf\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRomero F, Espinoza A, Sallaberry-Pincheira N, Napolitano C (2019) A five-year retrospective study on patterns of casuistry and insights on the current status of wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centers in Chile. Rev Chil Hist Nat 92:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-019-0086-0\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRubio A V., Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Bonacic C (2014) Hematology and serum biochemistry values of culpeo foxes (\u003cem\u003eLycalopex culpaeus\u003c/em\u003e) from central Chile. J Zoo Wildl Med 45:589\u0026ndash;593. https://doi.org/10.1638/2013-0280R2.1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSelig M, Lewandowski A, Kent MS (2016) Establishment of reference intervals for hematology and biochemistry analytes in a captive colony of Straw-Colored Fruit Bats \u003cem\u003e(Eidolon helvum\u003c/em\u003e). J Zoo Wildl Med 47:106\u0026ndash;112. https://doi.org/10.1638/2015-0040.1\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShanmugam AA, Muliya SK, Deshmukh A, et al (2017) Baseline hematology and serum biochemistry results for Indian leopards (\u003cem\u003ePanthera pardus fusca\u003c/em\u003e). Vet World 10:818\u0026ndash;824. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2017.818-824\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e Comparison of analytes of free-ranging and captive fox populations\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasured analyte\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFree-ranging\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 30px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCaptivity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStudent\u0026rsquo;s t-test\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEffect size d\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1-\u0026beta;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN\u003csup\u003e(Free)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003csup\u003e(Free)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedian\u003csup\u003e(Free)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRange\u003csup\u003e(Lower-Upper)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003csup\u003e(Cap)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMedian\u003csup\u003e(Cap)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRange\u003csup\u003e(Lower-Upper)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRBC(\u003csup\u003ecell\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e\u0026micro;\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5908888,9 \u0026plusmn; 1788729,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6555000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2785987,19-9605846,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5760000 \u0026plusmn; 1585457,95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6000000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2712732,17-9260590,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,8079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,088092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHCT(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41,94 \u0026plusmn; 8,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,1-56,99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38,16 \u0026plusmn; 10,15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,41-57,71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,2734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,394454\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHGB(\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003edl\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,54 \u0026plusmn; 2,75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,31-19,46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,31 \u0026plusmn; 3,47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,87-18,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,271\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,392875\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMCV(fl)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74,46 \u0026plusmn; 16,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38,65-102,83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66,94 \u0026plusmn; 7,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69,25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51,81-82,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,576557\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,35*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMCH(\u003csup\u003epg\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003ecell\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,49 \u0026plusmn; 0,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,53-22,45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,64 \u0026plusmn; 2,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,2-26,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,1319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,632748\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,25*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMCHC(\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003edl\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,29 \u0026plusmn; 3,73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,78-39,91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,28 \u0026plusmn; 3,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,12-38,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,4521\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,272989\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRET(\u003csup\u003ecell\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e\u0026micro;\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,36 \u0026plusmn; 5,55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,39-45,17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42,49 \u0026plusmn; 12,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,61-61,93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,0743\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,972582\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,51*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%RET\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,46 \u0026plusmn; 0,1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,33-0,59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,81 \u0026plusmn; 0,41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-1,45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWBC(\u003csup\u003ecell\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e\u0026micro;\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9000 \u0026plusmn; 3360,85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2082,6-14608,17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7350 \u0026plusmn; 3588,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5650\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-13682,09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,474633\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,25*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEOS(\u003csup\u003ecell\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e\u0026micro;\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e858,44 \u0026plusmn; 1179,02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e232,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2170,44-2502\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123,5 \u0026plusmn; 229,67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-461,65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,0188\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%EOS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,5 \u0026plusmn; 15,56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-28,38-31,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,92 \u0026plusmn; 3,62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-7,35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNEUT(\u003csup\u003ecell\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e\u0026micro;\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5852,44 \u0026plusmn; 3321,47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4824\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1272,56-11134,16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6175,57 \u0026plusmn; 3095,77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4702\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-11825,94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,7806\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,1006446\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%NEUT\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62,67 \u0026plusmn; 16,09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34,18-92,22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83,5 \u0026plusmn; 6,62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72,66-97,66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLYMPH(\u003csup\u003ecell\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e\u0026micro;\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1386,72 \u0026plusmn; 777,37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-85,66-2747,23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e694,64 \u0026plusmn; 406,19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e634\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-1351,56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,0031\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%LYMPH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,67 \u0026plusmn; 10,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6-31,85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 \u0026plusmn; 4,59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-17,72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMONO(\u003csup\u003ecell\u003c/sup\u003e/\u003csub\u003e\u0026micro;\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e753,44 \u0026plusmn; 516,31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e551,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-408,12-1555,62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e302,79 \u0026plusmn; 173,53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e268\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-582,97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,0022\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN/C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e%MONO\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,61 \u0026plusmn; 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64958,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e280000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e140474,01-416433,72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e220500 \u0026plusmn; 88138,66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55102,28-383943,37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 8px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 4px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,3859\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,4326979\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd nowrap=\"\" style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eErythrocytes or red blood cell count, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocytes or white blood cell count (WBC), reticulocytes count (RET) and percentage (%RET), Eosinophil count (EOS) and percentage (%EOS), neutrophils count (NEUT) and percentage (%NEUT), lymphocytes count (LYMPH) and percentage (%LYMPH), and monocytes count (MONO) and percentage (%MONO), Thrombocytes or platelet count (PLT), statistical differences (+), power test insufficient (*).\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Physiological rates, Blood parameters, Blood cell counts, Conservation, Management","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9087985/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9087985/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEstablishing species-specific hematological reference values for wildlife species is essential for comprehensive health assessments and early disease detection. This study aimed to determine hematologic reference values for the South American gray fox (\u003cem\u003eLycalopex griseus\u003c/em\u003e) and assess differences between free-ranging and captive individuals. We examined 32 \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e, including 14 captive foxes from Santiago Zoo Metropolitan Park and 18 free-ranging individuals from sheep ranches and natural environments in Chilean Patagonia. Only clinically healthy animals were included. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in hematologic parameters between populations, with reference values presented separately for each group. Differences were primarily observed in specific white blood cell lineages, as eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts were substantially higher in free-ranging foxes. This suggests a more active immune status in wildlife individuals, underscoring the need for environment-specific reference intervals. Further research is warranted to investigate health status and factors influencing hematologic parameters in \u003cem\u003eL. griseus\u003c/em\u003e, thereby supporting conservation efforts.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Variation in Hematologic Reference Values in captive and free-ranging South American Gray Fox (Lycalopex griseus)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-20 10:00:22","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9087985/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"83a187d4-696d-47e5-b197-af83e6c96526","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 20th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-05T22:38:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-20 10:00:22","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9087985","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9087985","identity":"rs-9087985","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}