Concentration-Controlled Multiferroic and Optoelectronic Properties of Praseodymium Doped BiFeO₃

Concentration-Controlled Multiferroic and Optoelectronic Properties of Praseodymium Doped BiFeO₃ | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Concentration-Controlled Multiferroic and Optoelectronic Properties of Praseodymium Doped BiFeO₃ Pritee K. Lambat, D. S. Choudhary, K. G. Rewatkar, P. U. Surkar, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492380/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Multiferroic undoped BiFeO 3 and Bi 1-x Pr x FeO 3 (0≤x≤0.1) compounds have been prepared by microwave assisted sol-gel combustion technique. The compounds have been systematically investigated through several analytical techniques for understanding the effect of Pr substitution on the structural, morphological, optical, dielectric, and ferroelectric behaviour of the BiFeO 3 compound. Structural analysis through X-ray diffraction data has been carried out by Rietveld refinement. Crystal structure transition from rhombohedral R3c phase (stable for x=0.00 to 0.08) to coexistence of orthorhombic Pnma and rhombohedral R3c phases (for x=0.10) has been observed. Scanning electron micrographs confirm the agglomeration of particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis confirms the existence of all the required constituents with appropriate stoichiometry. The Fourier transformed infrared spectra confirms the existence of characteristic bending and stretching vibrations and also show shifting of characteristic peaks with doping. The optical absorption spectroscopic measurements reveal gradual decrease in the energy band gap with the increasing concentration of Pr doping, suggesting concentration control on optical properties for possible important applications in the visible region of the spectrum. At room temperature, Pr doped BiFeO 3 displays improvements in the dielectric properties compared to those of BiFeO 3 . Also, reduction of leakage current is clearly reflected in J-E graphs. The ferroelectric measurement analysis reveals enhancement in coercive fields and reduction in remanent polarization in doped compounds. Furthermore, the Pr 3+ ions affect the ferroelectric properties positively by reduction in leakage currents density as compared to those of the undoped BiFeO 3 . The present investigation demonstrates that increase in the concentration of Pr 3+ doping into the undoped BiFeO 3 improves the optical and dielectric properties, which are important in the opto-electronic industries. Multiferroics Perovskite Oxides Pr doped BiFeO3 XRD Optical Properties Dielectric Properties Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9492380","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":633486939,"identity":"bf82aeee-a88c-4330-aa0a-3ff8e091b8d8","order_by":0,"name":"Pritee K. Lambat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dhote Bandhu Science College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Pritee","middleName":"K.","lastName":"Lambat","suffix":""},{"id":633486940,"identity":"f4cf38f1-cfd7-48d0-8446-02c241447371","order_by":1,"name":"D. S. Choudhary","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dhote Bandhu Science College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"D.","middleName":"S.","lastName":"Choudhary","suffix":""},{"id":633486942,"identity":"72a0a5d5-c885-490c-ba53-29d852957758","order_by":2,"name":"K. G. Rewatkar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vidya Vikas College","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"K.","middleName":"G.","lastName":"Rewatkar","suffix":""},{"id":633486944,"identity":"9ba46a51-fcde-495c-a11e-4f02073dd164","order_by":3,"name":"P. U. Surkar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of science","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"P.","middleName":"U.","lastName":"Surkar","suffix":""},{"id":633486946,"identity":"3bccec38-2040-49be-aa12-89761a906af8","order_by":4,"name":"A. R. Bansod","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshabhoomi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"A.","middleName":"R.","lastName":"Bansod","suffix":""},{"id":633486948,"identity":"d2b3d57e-abbc-4cf2-adfd-883164b1a1a2","order_by":5,"name":"Umesh A. Palikundwar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBwY2DAwSJGlJMEgjWQvDYRK0GBw/e/BDQsH5xP7ZzQcfMNTYRBPWciYvWSLB4HbijDvHkg0YjqXlNhDUciDHAKyl4UaOmQRjw2EitJx/Y/wjweBc4nzitYBUJhgcSNxAtBbJG+/SLBIMko033khLNkggxi9853MP3/jwx0523o3kgw8+1NgQ1sLAwAMmHcEqEwgrR2ixJ07xKBgFo2AUjEgAAEA+RDzlwsvAAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Umesh","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Palikundwar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-22 07:24:32","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492380/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492380/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":109406875,"identity":"dd93aa99-a78d-4f20-b34a-0bdac9e0b9c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-17 13:31:13","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1681953,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PalikundwarManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9492380/v1_covered_16c9f2fd-0ee2-4873-b19a-f7b0937feac7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Concentration-Controlled Multiferroic and Optoelectronic Properties of Praseodymium Doped BiFeO₃","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Multiferroics, Perovskite Oxides, Pr doped BiFeO3, XRD, Optical Properties, Dielectric Properties","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492380/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492380/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMultiferroic undoped BiFeO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e and Bi\u003csub\u003e1-x\u003c/sub\u003ePr\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eFeO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (0≤x≤0.1) compounds have been prepared by microwave assisted sol-gel combustion technique. The compounds have been systematically investigated through several analytical techniques for understanding the effect of Pr substitution on the structural, morphological, optical, dielectric, and ferroelectric behaviour of the BiFeO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e compound. Structural analysis through X-ray diffraction data has been carried out by Rietveld refinement. Crystal structure transition from rhombohedral R3c phase (stable for x=0.00 to 0.08) to coexistence of orthorhombic Pnma and rhombohedral R3c phases (for x=0.10) has been observed. Scanning electron micrographs confirm the agglomeration of particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis confirms the existence of all the required constituents with appropriate stoichiometry. The Fourier transformed infrared spectra confirms the existence of characteristic bending and stretching vibrations and also show shifting of characteristic peaks with doping. The optical absorption spectroscopic measurements reveal gradual decrease in the energy band gap with the increasing concentration of Pr doping, suggesting concentration control on optical properties for possible important applications in the visible region of the spectrum. At room temperature, Pr doped BiFeO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e displays improvements in the dielectric properties compared to those of BiFeO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. Also, reduction of leakage current is clearly reflected in J-E graphs. The ferroelectric measurement analysis reveals enhancement in coercive fields and reduction in remanent polarization in doped compounds. Furthermore, the Pr\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e ions affect the ferroelectric properties positively by reduction in leakage currents density as compared to those of the undoped BiFeO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e. The present investigation demonstrates that increase in the concentration of Pr\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e doping into the undoped BiFeO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e improves the optical and dielectric properties, which are important in the opto-electronic industries.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Concentration-Controlled Multiferroic and Optoelectronic Properties of Praseodymium Doped BiFeO₃","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-06 06:48:25","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9492380/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e20ef767-76cd-45af-8b51-579db1ebc961","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Rejected","date":"2026-05-17T12:59:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-15T06:30:17+00:00","index":21,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T07:11:16+00:00","index":20,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"262456509027417491762044459977509704796","date":"2026-05-03T01:22:13+00:00","index":19,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-17T13:30:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-06 06:48:25","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9492380","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9492380","identity":"rs-9492380","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}