Polyaniline-Coated Glucose-Derived Carbon Spheres for Efficient Adsorption of 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Polyaniline-Coated Glucose-Derived Carbon Spheres for Efficient Adsorption of 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Polyaniline-Coated Glucose-Derived Carbon Spheres for Efficient Adsorption of 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Tushar Deb Sharma, Bhanita Goswami, Sibani Majumdar, Nayan J Khound, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7468078/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Polymer Bulletin → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Polyaniline coated carbon sphere (CS-PANI), an efficient adsorbent is designed and synthesized through a two-step process. The carbon spheres (CSs) were derived from glucose via a hydrothermal method followed by in-situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) on the carbon sphere surfaces forming CS-PANI with enhanced adsorption properties. This adsorbent is effectively used to remove herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) from aqueous medium. Furthermore, by varying aniline concentration during synthesis, two different composites, CS-PANI-1 and CS-PANI-2 are synthesized maintaining CS to aniline mass ratios 2:1 and 1:1 respectively. Synthesized materials are characterized by PXRD, FTIR, EDX and techniques. Adsorption studies with both the adsorbents are performed with various optimized parameters such as pH of medium, contact time, solution temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial 2, 4-D concentrations. Both the composites show enhanced performance in removal of 2, 4-D in comparison to pure CS. Additionally, CS-PANI-2 shows better performance compared to CS-PANI-1 suggesting the effect of amount of PANI on the overall performance of the composites. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of CS-PANI-1 and CS-PANI-2 are 15.49 mg g -1 and 69.01 mg g -1 , respectively at pH 3.0. The adsorption kinetics is found favourable for pseudo-second-order for both CS-PANI samples and the adsorption process follows Freundlich isotherm model more suitably. The mass transfer mechanism obeys Weber-Morris mechanism rather than Boyd mass transfer model. The positive ∆H° and negative ∆G° values indicate that the 2, 4-D sorption on CS-PANI samples are endothermic and spontaneous. Thus, CS-PANIs could be applied as efficient and potential adsorbents for the removal of 2, 4-D from aqueous medium and by tailoring the PANI component, the adsorption performance can be enhanced and optimized. Water treatment herbicide removal 2 4-D adsorption hydrothermal synthesis conducting polymer composites adsorption isotherms Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 03 Apr, 2026 Read the published version in Polymer Bulletin → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 28 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 16 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 06 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 31 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 27 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7468078","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":511697376,"identity":"2ff3d0bd-8d65-4e03-9a4c-2dc01a46da30","order_by":0,"name":"Tushar Deb Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gauhati University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tushar","middleName":"Deb","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":511697377,"identity":"bc3c08a0-ac66-4e6f-ad8b-99bd4be70161","order_by":1,"name":"Bhanita Goswami","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gauhati University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhanita","middleName":"","lastName":"Goswami","suffix":""},{"id":511697378,"identity":"874967eb-f2fc-434a-b934-cce857a4fd54","order_by":2,"name":"Sibani Majumdar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"B. 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The carbon spheres (CSs) were derived from glucose via a hydrothermal method followed by \u003cem\u003ein-situ\u003c/em\u003e polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) on the carbon sphere surfaces forming CS-PANI with enhanced adsorption properties. This adsorbent is effectively used to remove herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) from aqueous medium. Furthermore, by varying aniline concentration during synthesis, two different composites, CS-PANI-1 and CS-PANI-2 are synthesized maintaining CS to aniline mass ratios 2:1 and 1:1 respectively. Synthesized materials are characterized by PXRD, FTIR, EDX and techniques. Adsorption studies with both the adsorbents are performed with various optimized parameters such as pH of medium, contact time, solution temperature, adsorbent dosage, and initial 2, 4-D concentrations. Both the composites show enhanced performance in removal of 2, 4-D in comparison to pure CS. Additionally, CS-PANI-2 shows better performance compared to CS-PANI-1 suggesting the effect of amount of PANI on the overall performance of the composites. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of CS-PANI-1 and CS-PANI-2 are 15.49 mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e and 69.01 mg g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively at pH 3.0. The adsorption kinetics is found favourable for pseudo-second-order for both CS-PANI samples and the adsorption process follows Freundlich isotherm model more suitably. The mass transfer mechanism obeys Weber-Morris mechanism rather than Boyd mass transfer model. The positive ∆H° and negative ∆G° values indicate that the 2, 4-D sorption on CS-PANI samples are endothermic and spontaneous. Thus, CS-PANIs could be applied as efficient and potential adsorbents for the removal of 2, 4-D from aqueous medium and by tailoring the PANI component, the adsorption performance can be enhanced and optimized.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Polyaniline-Coated Glucose-Derived Carbon Spheres for Efficient Adsorption of 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-12 09:00:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7468078/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-28T06:23:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-25T02:52:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"269615970197110654777711246983782005191","date":"2025-12-17T01:45:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-16T07:11:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"53233299840896221400472860667815469370","date":"2025-12-16T06:43:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"103611096232972295776109585255565141133","date":"2025-12-14T06:45:21+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-07T02:33:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-31T10:43:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-30T09:56:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Polymer Bulletin","date":"2025-08-27T05:38:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"polymer-bulletin","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pobu","sideBox":"Learn more about [Polymer Bulletin](http://link.springer.com/journal/289)","snPcode":"289","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/289/3","title":"Polymer Bulletin","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"12cf576c-488c-48f1-9135-dd3cec92f72e","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-07T16:03:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7468078","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-026-06339-z","journal":{"identity":"polymer-bulletin","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Polymer Bulletin"},"publishedOn":"2026-04-03 15:59:42","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 3rd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-12 09:00:05","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00289-026-06339-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-026-06339-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7468078","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7468078","identity":"rs-7468078","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}