Effect of five independent pumping current division on semiconductor optical amplifier dynamics

Effect of five independent pumping current division on semiconductor optical amplifier dynamics | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of five independent pumping current division on semiconductor optical amplifier dynamics Adnan H. Mohammed, Ayser A. Hemed, Hasan A. Yasser, A. M. Baha'a, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5937656/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract For simulating semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) performance and even in experimental applications that require SOA use, injected current can be easily changed in comparison with other operational parameters. Current simulation focuses on studying the latter main parameter then determining its effect on saturation power for fast dynamics with considerations included amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), carrier heating (CH), and spectral hole burning (SHB). A five-segment model is investigated, in which the SOA supplied with five independently injection currents. Application of such currents can be arranged in term as ascending or descending. The results show that the role of fast dynamics must be taken into account when performance \(\:\text{S}\text{O}\text{A}\) is simulated, especially when pulse width has been selected within sub picosecond duration range. The resulted width of saturated region is ranged (5.2–4.7) dBm \(\:\:\:\) in presence CH and SHB, and the latter two as well ASE, respectively, of pulse width \(\:{({\tau\:}}_{p})\) in the range \(\:(0.25-0.4)\text{p}\text{s}\) . The interpretation of saturation power \(\:\left(3\text{d}\text{B}\right)\) to be closer if the injected current is descending arranged or further if ascendingly arranged can be understood by gain recovery time. Saturated region width was narrower in comparison with the case of \(\:\text{A}\text{S}\text{E}\) presence. The latter shifts the saturated region to lower power, and the shifting decreases with increasing pulse width. Also, \(\:\text{A}\text{S}\text{E}\) effect on linear unsaturated region to be reduced by \(\:3\text{d}\text{B}\) . Our model attains an expansion of saturated regions that can be described as error-free ones, so it is a candidate to be used in an advanced modulation format. SOA multi-contact SOA dynamics Error free saturated region saturated region expansion Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5937656","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":410581457,"identity":"a4eab5ed-dfdd-4af3-9d2e-1b95ea282d2b","order_by":0,"name":"Adnan H. Mohammed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mustansiriyah University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adnan","middleName":"H.","lastName":"Mohammed","suffix":""},{"id":410581460,"identity":"d31745ea-7fbf-428c-b157-5ed13c99d8d6","order_by":1,"name":"Ayser A. Hemed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mustansiriyah University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ayser","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Hemed","suffix":""},{"id":410581462,"identity":"bcc9789b-33df-4dd2-a471-accd1a318e07","order_by":2,"name":"Hasan A. Yasser","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Science College, Thi-Qar University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hasan","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Yasser","suffix":""},{"id":410581464,"identity":"3a23dd11-108e-480c-9ad0-c0b414723596","order_by":3,"name":"A. M. 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Jassem","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mustansiriyah University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muna","middleName":"M.","lastName":"Jassem","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-31 16:23:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5937656/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5937656/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":76026216,"identity":"ce6c193a-4d01-40ed-a6ca-1bc2cf44db29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-11 14:32:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":764352,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"5segments.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5937656/v1_covered_d5590b4c-0c0f-4303-b928-781ba9b8256c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effect of five independent pumping current division on semiconductor optical amplifier dynamics","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"SOA multi-contact, SOA dynamics, Error free saturated region, saturated region expansion","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5937656/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5937656/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eFor simulating semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) performance and even in experimental applications that require SOA use, injected current can be easily changed in comparison with other operational parameters. Current simulation focuses on studying the latter main parameter then determining its effect on saturation power for fast dynamics with considerations included amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), carrier heating (CH), and spectral hole burning (SHB). A five-segment model is investigated, in which the SOA supplied with five independently injection currents. Application of such currents can be arranged in term as ascending or descending. The results show that the role of fast dynamics must be taken into account when performance \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\text{S}\\text{O}\\text{A}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is simulated, especially when pulse width has been selected within sub picosecond duration range. The resulted width of saturated region is ranged (5.2\u0026ndash;4.7) dBm\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\:\\:\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003ein presence CH and SHB, and the latter two as well ASE, respectively, of pulse width \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{({\\tau\\:}}_{p})\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e in the range \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:(0.25-0.4)\\text{p}\\text{s}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. The interpretation of saturation power \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\left(3\\text{d}\\text{B}\\right)\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e to be closer if the injected current is descending arranged or further if ascendingly arranged can be understood by gain recovery time. Saturated region width was narrower in comparison with the case of \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\text{A}\\text{S}\\text{E}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e presence. The latter shifts the saturated region to lower power, and the shifting decreases with increasing pulse width. Also, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\text{A}\\text{S}\\text{E}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e effect on linear unsaturated region to be reduced by \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:3\\text{d}\\text{B}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. Our model attains an expansion of saturated regions that can be described as error-free ones, so it is a candidate to be used in an advanced modulation format.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of five independent pumping current division on semiconductor optical amplifier dynamics","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-02-05 06:26:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5937656/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b671a41b-9877-482b-9f7e-81e5559f753f","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-11T14:23:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-02-05 06:26:55","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5937656","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5937656","identity":"rs-5937656","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}