Cellulose Nanofibrils in Pervious Concrete: Improving Mechanical Properties and Durability

Abstract Pervious concrete (PC), commonly used in urban pavement is known for its high permeability, which contributes to mitigating the urban heat island. However, the low strength and durability of PC limit its use. The objective of this study is to improve mechanical properties and durability of PC by adding cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The results showed that CNFs significantly enhanced compressive strength, flexural strength, and salt frost resistance, with optimal performance at 0.15% CNF. At this concentration, compressive and flexural strengths increased by 26.5% and 25.8%, respectively, despite a slight reduction in permeability. CNFs also improved resistance to salt-induced freeze-thaw cycles, reducing spalling and maintaining a higher dynamic elasticity modulus, particularly at 0.1% and 0.15% dosages. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed that CNFs create a denser, more uniform network of hydrated products, enhancing microstructure and interfacial bonding. This study confirms that CNFs can significantly enhance the mechanical properties and durability of PC.