Supplementing high-fibre olive pomace and multi-enzyme to broiler chicken's diet can improve health and performance

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The diet was primarily based on corn and soybean meal. The experiment was carried out in three stages: starter, grower, and finisher. The results indicated that the inclusion of OP at both 5% and 10% levels did not negatively impact broilers' performance (P > 0.05). However, supplementing the diet with multi-enzyme significantly increased feed consumption, body weight, and weight gain (P < 0.05). Furthermore, chickens offered with 10% OP + multi-enzyme exhibited the best performance compared to other experimental groups. The mortality rate also showed a non-significant decline of almost 5% (P > 0.05). Additionally, administration of OP and multi-enzyme or a combination of them to the broilers' diet improved serum lipid profile and liver enzyme activity (P 0.05). In conclusion, simultaneous use of multi-enzyme and diet containing olive pomace could improve the serum lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, and overall health without adverse effect on broilers performance. Enzyme Broilers Histomorphology Fibre Performance 1. Introduction Feeding costs and poultry product prices have recently risen globally due to greater competition between humans and animals for the same feed resources (Al-Harthi et al., 2018 ). Agro-industrial byproducts can be used as an alternative feed source for animal while being environmentally friendly in terms of disposal and recycling. Previously, crop residues and byproducts (such as olive pomace) were unsuccessful as maize substitutes in poultry feed due to their high fibre content and poor digestion (Sayehban et al., 2020 ). Recycling olive pomace (OP) as a feed resource in livestock feed is a potential solution for overcoming animal feed shortages (Luciano et al., 2013 ). Olive pomace is the dried solid material remains of the olives after the oil has been extracted. It is also one of the most interesting byproducts of olive tree agriculture, being a good source of various biologically active compounds with antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial characteristics (Al-Harthy, 2014 ; Durazzo et al., 2018 ). However, the OP is an excellent source of fat, calcium, copper, and cobalt, with a low nutritional value (metabolizable energy, digestible proteins, and minerals) and a high lignin concentration. It is also low in some minerals, such as phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium, although it is high in manganese and zinc (Sinrod et al., 2019 ). Olive pomace has a high fibre content mainly included lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin (Fathy et al., 2018 ). Whereas in the past, the use of agricultural residues and byproducts as alternatives to corn-soybean meal-based rations for poultry diets was unsuccessful because of high fibre content and low digestion, but today interest in using them is growing (Seidavi et al., 2018 ). Adding 5 to 10% of olive pomace (Crude fibre, nearly 37%) in mash feed had no adverse effects on layer egg production or broiler meat production (El-Hachemi et al., 2007 ). Feed processing and feed additives have been employed in animal nutrition to improve the feeding properties of feeds, mainly agricultural byproducts (Al-Harthi et al., 2019 ). Various processing methods were applied to improve feed quality and combat antinutritional variables (Bedford et al., 2000). Nowadays, enzymes are widely used to improve animal feed utilization and livestock farming economics due to their numerous benefits, including the ability to overcome antinutritional factors, digesting plant cell walls, improve digestion and gut ecology, and thus improve the use of nutrients for meat and egg production, reduce environmental pollution, and increase profits due to nutrient equivalency value (Attia et al., 2020 ). When the polysaccharides in the plant cell wall break down, digestive enzymes can access the contents inside the cell (Al-Harthi et al., 2019 ). Exogenous enzymes can be given to broiler diets containing these byproducts to help improve fibre digestion (carbohydrases) or phytic phosphorus solubilization (phytase), decreasing their negative impact on broiler production (Lavelli & Bondesan, 2005 ; Choct, 2006 ). Phytase is used in animal feed to enhance utilization and improve livestock farming economics. It has numerous benefits, including overcoming antinutritional factors such as phytic acid and enhancing digestion and gut ecology (Attia et al., 2020 ). Phytase primarily improved phytate phosphorus utilization, particularly in high phytic acid diets, as well as the utilization of protein/amino acids, energy, phosphorous, calcium, and other trace minerals (El-Enshasy et al., 2018 ). Another important group of exogenous poultry enzymes is Cellulases, which are hydrolyzing enzymes that hydrolyze the − 1,4-D-glucan linkages in cellulose to produce glucose, cellobiose, and oligosaccharides. However, three forms of cellulases are involved in the hydrolysis of native cellulose, namely cellobiohydrolase (CBH), endo 1, 4-glucanase (EG), and glucosidase (BGL); these three enzymes work together to achieve and effectively hydrolyze cellulose by synergistic action (Patel et al., 2019 ). Cellulases and hemicellulases may contribute to enormous depolymerization of plant cell wall polysaccharides, resulting in a major release of energy (Sheldon, 2000 ). Xylanases are the main exogenous enzymes of hemicellulase that can break down the xylan (hemicellulose fibre). This performance provides several benefits, such as hydrolyzing NSP, lowering the viscosity of gut contents, influencing digestive tract development, and enhancing nutrient utilization. Furthermore, multiple investigations have shown that exogenous xylanase administration can modify intestinal microbial composition and reduce small intestine fermentation associated with high-NSP diets (Yang et al., 2008 ; Nian et al., 2011 ; Nguyen et al., 2021 ). The variety of olive used for oil extraction and the oil extraction method can produce OP with varying fibre content percentages. OP typically has high fibre content, so further research is needed to determine the optimal ratio for broiler diet. This study assessed the effects of high-fibre OP and exogenous multi-enzyme (phytase, cellulase, and xylanase; 1:1:1 ratio) on growth performance, internal organs, intestinal morphology, blood traits, and lipid profile of serum in broiler chickens. 2. Material and Method 2.1. Olive pomace preparation and analysis The olive pomace used in this study was obtained from an olive oil factory (located at Ranya, Iraq). It was dried in the room temperature then was ground by hammer mill. A sample was taken and sent to laboratory to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and ash contents which conducted by Horwitz ( 2010 ). The nitrogen-free extract (NFE) value was also determined by subtracting the sum of CP, EE, ash, and CF contents from 100. Additionally, its neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was determined by Soest and Wine ( 1967 ) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) by Soest ( 1963 ). 2.2. Birds, housing, and feeding The experiment was conducted for 40 days at the Department of Animal Resources, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Animal care and usage methods were reviewed and approved by the University of Raparin Animal Care and Ethical Committee, which complies with international standards (Vaughn, 2012). A total of 300 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks randomly divided into six groups using a 2 × 3 factorial design with 0 and 0.5g/kg multi-enzyme (cellulase 8000 U/g, phytase 10000 FTU/g, and xylanase 100000 BXU/g; 1:1:1 ratio) from GoldFish© and 0, 5, and 10% olive pomace. The diet was primarily based on corn and soybean meal. The experiment was carried out in three stages: starter (1-11 days), grower (12-25 days), and finisher (26-40 days). Each cage had a manual feeder and a nipple drinker. Water and food were freely available, and the animals were fed with pellets whose composition is presented in Tables 1-3 . The light program was 24 hours of lighting in the first three days and 23L:1D in the following days. 2.3. Performance measurement The bird's body weight (BW) was measured 0, 11, 25, and 40 days of age. The average feed intake (AFI) and average weight gain (AWG) were calculated from the difference between the values of two consecutive periods (1–11 days, 12–25 days and 26–40 days) and for the entire rearing period (1–40 days) per replicate. Also feed conversion ratio (FCR) was measured during the aforementioned phases. 2.4. Blood and serum collection Before slaughtering, a blood sample was obtained from the wing vein of one bird per replicate at age 40 days. The blood samples immediately centrifuged to separate the sera, and then they were stored at -20°C until they were needed for analysis. Diagnostic colorimetric kits manufactured by Biolabo S.A.S. in France were utilized to measure the serum content of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, uric acid (UA), and total protein (TP). A second blood sample was taken using heparinized tubes to measure haematological characteristics including hematocrit (HCT) and haemoglobin (Hb). In addition, the differential white blood cell count, which includes lymphocytes, Mid-cells (monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils), and heterophiles, were evaluated. The lymphocyte-to-heterophile ratio (L:H) was measured through the number of lymphocytes divided by the number of heterophiles (Lentfer et al., 2015 ). 2.5. Enzyme activity in the liver The health of the liver was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) through colorimetric analysis. These enzymes were measured using professional kits from Biolabo S.A.S., located in Les Hautes Rives, 02160 Maizy, France (Sahoo et al., 2019 ). 2.6. Carcass and internal organs At 40 days old, the chicks that were previously selected for blood collection were individually weighed and slaughtered. A digital balance with an accuracy of 0.01g was used to weigh the carcass and internal organs (crop, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, liver, spleen, heart, bursa of fabricius, and abdominal fat), as well as the weight and length of the different segments of the intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and caeca). All data were expressed as a percentage of the live body weight. 2.7. Intestinal histomorphology Approximately 4 cm tissue from middle part of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken. The separated tissues were rinsed with physiological saline and preserved in 10% formalin solution. Then processed for dehydration and clearing, and embedded in paraffin using an automatic tissue processor. The processed tissues were cut by SRM 200 model microtome (Sakura Finetek Europe B.V., Alphen Aan Den Rijn, Netherlands), fixed on slides and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Various morphometric metrics, including villus length, width, and crypt depth, were determined at a magnification of 40x using a light microscope. The values for villus surface areas were calculated using previous data. The mean values of 10 villi per sample were recorded as the average for further analysis (Abdollahi et al., 2021 ). 2.8. Statistical analysis The collected data was analyzed using the SAS Institute's (2023) General Linear Model techniques, and the trial was a factorial 3×2. Whenever the model was significant, Tukey's test assessed the differences between means, with a significance level of P < 0.05. 3. Results 3.1. Chemical composition of olive pomace Table 4 provides the chemical and nutrient composition of OP, an industrial waste product. OP comprises 55.2% crude fibre, with NDF and ADF. It also contains 10% crude protein and an energy content of 1532 kcal/kg. 3.2. Growth performance The effects of different levels of OP and multi-enzyme supplementation on BW, AWG, and mortality rate from 1 to 40 days of age are presented in Table 5 . As shown, the supplementation of OP in different levels to the broiler chicken diet did not influence BW and AWG at the starter, grower, and finisher phases. Also, OP did not show any significant effect on the mortality rate in chickens, but numerically adding 10% of OP to the diet reduced the mortality rate (P>0.05). However, supplementation of multi-enzyme in 0.5 g/kg to the broilers' diet significantly increased BW compared to the control group at all rearing phases. Also, AWG significantly increased at both the starter (1-11 days) phase and the entire rearing period in treatments supplemented with multi-enzyme (P<0.05). While at both the grower (12-25 days) and finisher (26-40 days) phases, multi-enzyme inoculation to the diet did not affect the broilers' AWG compared to the control. On the other hand, the mortality rate slightly declined but was not significant compared to the control group (P>0.05). Additionally, the effect of the interaction between OP and multi-enzyme (OP+E interaction) levels on the BW and AWG was not observed at all rearing phases compared to the control group (P>0.05) except for BW at grower phase. Adding 0.5 g/kg multi-enzyme with 10% OP increased BW at the grower phase compared to the 10% OP significantly (P<0.05) and recorded the heaviest BW. Also, adding 0.5g/kg multi-enzyme with 10% OP to the broilers' diet declined the mortality rate compared to all other experimental groups numerically. The effects of multi-enzyme and OP with their interaction effects on AFI and FCR in broiler chickens are presented in Table 6. Adding 0.5 g/kg multi-enzyme to the broilers' diet significantly improved average feed intake in the starter and finisher phases (P0.05). On the other hand, adding OP in different levels to the broiler's diet did not substantially decline the AFI and FCR at the starter, grower, and finisher phases (P>0.05). The OP+E interaction recorded influence on the AFI and FCR in the starters (1-11 days). As shown, adding 10% OP to the diet reduced AFI as well as FCR compared to the control and other experimental groups significantly (P<0.05), Adding multi-enzyme with 10% OP is an effective method to protect the adverse effects of OP on AFI in broilers. However, during the grower and finisher phases and the entire rearing period, there was no significant (P>0.05) OP+E interaction levels on the AFI and FCR in the broiler chickens. 3.3. Serum biochemical parameters The impact of OP and multi-enzyme on serum lipid profile, liver function enzymes, uric acid, and glucose concentrations is shown in Table 7 . Supplementing chickens with 10% OP increased HDL levels and significantly reduced LDL levels compared to the control group (P0.05). Moreover, OP had influence on the liver enzyme activities, adding OP by 10% recorded reduced levels of ALT compared to the control group but increased ALP compared to the 5% OP treatment significantly (P0.05). Supplementation of multi-enzyme to the diet generally did not affect the liver enzyme activity, uric acid level, and glucose concentration compared to the control group. On the other hand, multi-enzyme contributed to a significant reduction in LDL levels, whilst not affecting other serum lipid profiles compared to the control group (P>0.05). Additionally, no significant impacts were reported as a result of the OP+E interaction on the serum lipid profile. At the same time, LDL levels declined with the supplementation of OP and multi-enzyme to the broilers’ feed, especially at 10% OP without enzyme group recorded a lower LDL level significantly (P<0.05). Otherwise, the liver function enzymes, uric acid level, and glucose concentration were not influenced by the interaction between OP and multi-enzyme levels. 3.4. Hematological parameters The impact of the multi-enzyme and OP levels on the HCT, haemoglobin, and differential leukocyte count at 1-40 days of age in broilers chicken are shown in Table 8 . Supplementation of OP or multi-enzyme to the broilers' diet did not significantly affect HCT, haemoglobin, Heterophile and L:H ratio. Adding OP to the diet reduces the lymphocyte level, especially in treatment supplemented by 10% OP (P<0.05). Also, OP affect MID-cells compared to the control group, while adding 10% OP to the diet significantly increased MID-cells compared to the 5% OP experimental group (P<0.05). On the other hand, the administration of multi-enzyme to the diet did not substantially influence HCT, haemoglobin, heterophil and lymphocyte count but increased MID-cell count compared to the control group (P0.05). 3.5. Carcass and internal organs The effects of the experimental diets on the weight of carcass and relative weight of internal organs to live BW (g/100 g) from 1 to 40 days of age are presented in Table 9 . Supplementation of 5 and 10% OP to the broilers' diet significantly affected the relative weight of gizzard, which increased compared to the control group (P0.05). However, adding OP to the diet did not affect other internal organs significantly compared to the control group (P>0.05). Also, the OP+E interaction on the relative weight of internal organs was not recorded compared to the control group. Table 10 illustrates the effect of the experimental diets on intestinal weight and length in broiler chicks aged 1 to 40 days. The intestinal weight and length were not affected by OP or multi-enzyme supplementation (P>0.05). Additionally, the significant interaction effect between OP and multi-enzyme was not recorded on the intestinal weight and length. 3.6. Intestinal histomorphology The effects of experimental diets on the intestinal histomorphology of broilers are shown in Table 11 . The supplementation of multi-enzyme to the broilers' diet did not significantly affect the intestinal villus length, crypt depth, villus length to crypt depth ratio, and villus surface area compared to the control group (P>0.05). Also, adding OP did not significantly affect intestinal histomorphology in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to the control group; however, in the jejunum, adding 10% OP shortened the villus length compared to the 5% OP level (P0.05). 4. Discussion Based on our results, in general, supplementation of OP did not negatively impact the broiler chickens' performance, and multi-enzyme supplementation significantly increased the performance of the broilers. Furthermore, administering OP with multi-enzyme to the diet, particularly 10% OP with multi-enzyme, compensated for all slightly anti-nutritional factors of OP and generally increased broiler performance and reduced mortality rate. These findings were in line with Tufarelli et al. ( 2022 ) and Sayehban et al. ( 2016 ), who concluded the non-detrimental impacts of OP on BW and AWG within other growth performances in broilers. As reported by Ibrahim et al. ( 2021 ), adding enzymatically fermented OP (by 7.5 and 15%) to the diet significantly increased the BW in broiler chicks. Combining enzymes impacts better digestibility and enhances protein and energy availability, which might be responsible for improving feed intake and BW (Zeng et al., 2015 ; Dalólio et al., 2016 ). Multi-Enzymes have also been shown to improve the digestion of starch and cell walls of cereals, which increases energy utilization in diets (Attia et al., 2012 ; Cozannet et al., 2017 ) and increases the digestibility of nutrients (protein, fat, fibre, and minerals), also decreasing the amount of nutrients available in the hindgut for the growth of harmful microbiota that improve performance (Aftab & Bedford, 2018 ; Nusairat & Wang, 2020 ). Contrary to that, other investigators claim no influence of enzyme blends containing xylanase, cellulase, and phytase (Sayehban et al., 2016 ) in this regard. The increase in the BW and WG as a result of multi-enzyme supplementation could be attributed to the role of these exogenous enzymes in breaking down the NSP and thus reducing the fibre content of the diet (Alagawany et al., 2018 ), overcoming the anti-nutritional components, improving feed consumption, and enhancing performance (Jia et al., 2009 ; Attia et al., 2012 ). Choct et al. ( 1995 ) suggested a higher impact of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in diets with lower metabolizable energy through solubilizing the NSPs present in the food and decreasing its viscosity in the gut; this illustrates the enzyme's potential in 10% OP-containing diets, as it had the highest fibre content (8.33%). Overall, our results suggest non-deleterious impacts of OP addition up to 10% and insignificant contribution of the multi-enzyme on the AFI and FCR in broilers. Shirley and Edwards ( 2003 ) obtained these results and reported a significant positive impact of phytase (mono-enzyme) on BW, FI, and FCR in broilers fed with corn-soybean. In addition to that, Al-Harthi ( 2017 ) reported a boost in the FI and FCR, but not WG, values in chicks fed with 10% olive cake and a multi-enzyme (galzym). This outcome is backed by other investigations concluding considerable digestibility improvements in response to the supplementation of xylanase (Yuan et al., 2017 ) or phytase (Cowieson et al., 2017 ; Al-Harthi et al., 2020 ). In contrast, other researchers have declared no significant improvements in digestibility upon the inclusion of cellulase and/or phytase in the diet of broilers (Scheideler et al., 2005 ; Sharifi et al., 2012 ; Hartini & Purwaningsih, 2017 ). Interestingly, enzyme supplementation improves broiler performance by increasing feed intake and nutrient digestion, primarily due to decreased viscosity in the gut, leading to improved growth and feed conversion ratio (Lázaro et al., 2003 ; Shirmohammad & Mehri, 2011 ). Additionally, the study found mixed trends in mortality rates. The experimental group was treated with 10% OP, and multi-enzyme had the lowest percentage at 6.44%, although this was insignificant for any treatments. This outcome of the beneficial influence of OP with and without multi-enzyme on the death rate is also reinforced by previous literature (Sayehban et al., 2016 ; Al-Harthi, 2017 ). Olive pomace, has been found to improve broiler health and reduce mortality rates in poultry farming due to its bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and antioxidants. An exogenous enzyme is used in broilers' diets to increase OP digestibility and the availability of its bioactive compounds. These compounds have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, enhancing the birds' immune response and reducing infections. Additionally, olive pomace supplementation improves nutrient absorption and utilization, promoting broiler health and vitality (Hosseini-Vashan et al., 2012 ; Debbou-Iouknane et al., 2019 ). Supplementation of the OP and multi-enzyme to the diet did not adversely impact the level of different biochemical parameters (lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, Uric acid, and glucose level) in the serum but improved some of them. The most evident improvements were seen in reducing the levels of LDL, particularly at 10% OP without multi-enzyme, followed by 5% OP with multi-enzyme, which was driven by both the multi-enzyme and OP inclusion in the diet (P < 0.005). Additionally, OP-based diets contributed to improvements in the HDL level in the serum concerning the control. Olive pomace, a byproduct of olive oil production, contains polyphenols and monounsaturated fats, potentially lowering cholesterol levels by decreasing LDL and increasing HDL cholesterol. Monounsaturated fats, particularly oleic acid, contribute to this effect (Bilal et al., 2021 ). Uric acid and glucose levels showed insignificant fluctuations as well. In agreement with our results, some other researchers have also reported insignificant fluctuations due to enzyme supplementation, namely xylanase (Ahmad et al., 2013 ), for the aforementioned biochemical parameters in the serum. Moreover, amongst the enzymes that indicate higher levels of inflammation and liver abnormality (Ahmad et al., 2013 ), the present study’s statistical analyses spotted improve in ALP, ALT, and even AST levels, and this was suggested to be mainly driven by OP presence in the diet. Similarly, Attia et al. ( 2020 ) reported a significant influence of a low-energy diet (with higher fibre content) in reducing the levels of ALT and AST in the serum compared to broiler chicks fed with the standard diet. Moreover, higher phenolic compounds (antioxidant activity) and fibre content in OP-based diets may have contributed to reducing the levels of liver enzymes in the birds’ serum (Difonzo et al., 2021 ). However, lymphocytes showed reducing trends with elevating OP levels regarding the control diet, especially when mixed with multi-enzyme; these changes also remained insignificant. These findings align with the data reported by several previous authors who reported insignificant changes in the mentioned parameters (Zangeneh & Torki, 2011 ; Zarei et al., 2011 ). On the other hand, multi-enzyme supplementation played a significant role in elevating the total percentage of monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils in the serum, especially in 0%OP and 10% OP groups. Unlike our findings, Attia et al. ( 2020 ) reported an increase in lymphocytes but a decrease in eosinophils percentage as a result of multi-enzyme (Galzym-containing cellulase, xylanase, lipase, amylase, protease, and pectinase). The increase in Mid% may indicate an improvement in the immune status of broilers (Attia et al., 2020 ). As presented in Table 9 , no significant alterations were observed concerning the relative weight of the carcass and the internal organs, including crop, proventriculus, liver, gizzard, heart, spleen, bursa of fabricius, and pancreas. However, the ingredient-based analyses suggested a significant contribution of OP in increasing the relative weight of the gizzard in contrast to the non-OP-fed broiler chickens. High-fibre diets, such as those containing olive pomace, can raise the weight of a bird's gizzard, which is the muscular portion of the stomach; this is because they can promote muscle growth and effective food processing, which in turn increases gizzard physical activity and weight (González-Alvarado et al., 2008 ). Jha et al. ( 2019 ) state that the increase in the relative weight of gut organs in monogastric animals contributed to the higher fibre content in the feedstuff. Additionally, the 5% OP supplementation was found to play some role in increasing the abdominal fat percentage. However, this figure started declining for the 10% OP but remained above the control group. The composition of dietary fats has an impact on their digestibility. Olive pomace is rich in unsaturated fats, which makes it a healthy dietary choice. Research indicates that unsaturated fats are more efficiently utilized, resulting in greater energy utilization than saturated fats. Therefore, increased metabolizable energy may contribute to elevated fat deposition, as surplus energy can be stored as triglycerides in fat reserves. Also, multi-enzyme supplements are commonly incorporated into poultry diets to enhance nutrient breakdown and utilization (Zollitsch et al., 1997 ; Crespo & Esteve, 2001). These enzymes improve nutrition absorption and boost available energy, which promotes fat accumulation by facilitating the digestion of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fibres included in feed components (Velázquez-De et al., 2021). In contrast, Kongbuntad et al. ( 2006 ) have reported an insignificant role of mono-enzyme (xylanase) supplementation on internal organs. Regardless of the presence and ratio of OP and multi-enzyme in the diet, all groups exhibited similar results regarding the weight and length of the intestinal parts, including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum. However, the histomorphological properties of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum did not vary significantly with the diet, while ingredient-based analyses suggest OP contribution in altering the villus length of the jejunum; an increase with 5% OP but a decrease with 10% OP supplementation concerning the non-OP diets. In contrast to these results, Tufarelli et al. ( 2022 ) recorded longer villi in the duodenum of the broilers fed with 10% OP. The increase in the intestinal villus lenght is considered advantageous in terms of growth performance, as it represents a larger surface area of the mucosal layer and thus enhances the nutrient absorption rate from the intestinal tract (Wu et al., 2020 ). According to the recorded results, it can be concluded that supplementing the diet of broiler chickens with Olive pomace at 5% and 10% as a high-fibre content did not adversely affect broiler performance. Additionally, this supplement improved the serum lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, and overall health of the broilers. Adding multi-enzyme supplements in the broiler, diet can enhance their performance and reduce LDL cholesterol levels. Moreover, supplementing 10% OP with multi-enzyme can improve broiler performance and health. Declarations 6.1. Funding The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript. 6.2. Competing Interests The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. 6.3. Author Contribution statemen All authors contributed to the study's conception and design. Material preparation was performed by Osama Rahman Ghaffar, Omer Rasool Ahmed, and Karzan Kareem Saleh, data collection performed by Niga Rzgar Ahmad, Mzhda Mohammed Majeed, Shiraz Ismail Muhammad, Srwsht Farhad Osman, and Hawkar Azad Khdir and analysis were performed by Osama Rahman Ghaffar, Sarwar Omer Aziz, and Asrin Abdollahi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Asrin Abdollahi, Nihayat Ibrahim Mohammed, Dastan Mohammed Khoshnaw, Omer Rasool Ahmed, and Osama Rahman Ghaffar, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. 6.4. Data Availability The datasets generated during the current study are available in the Mendeley Data, V1, DOI: 10.17632/42wp56n5kh.1 6.5. Ethics approval This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of (FASS., 2012). Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of Raparin (15/7/2023: 756-26). Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge GoldFish© for providing cellulase, xylanase, and phytase enzymes with vitamin-mineral premix. References Abdollahi, A., Karimi, A., Sadeghi, A. A., Bedford, M. R., & Ashengroph, M., 2021. The effects of the fiber source and xylanase supplementation on production, egg quality, digestibility, and intestinal morphology in the aged laying hen. Poultry Science , 100 (3), 100936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.033 Aftab, U., & Bedford, M. R., 2018. The use of NSP enzymes in poultry nutrition: myths and realities. 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Animal Feed Science and Technology, 66(1-4), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01126-1 Tables Table 1 Diet rations for broiler chickens at starter phase (1–11 days) Ingredients Control 5% olive pomace 10% olive pomace No enzyme With enzyme No enzyme With enzyme No enzyme With enzyme Corn grain 56.288 56.193 49.843 49.748 43.399 43.304 Soybean meal 46% 38.425 38.443 38.451 38.469 38.477 38.495 Sunflower oil 1.071 1.098 2.415 2.442 3.758 3.786 Dical-phos 1.818 1.818 1.852 1.852 1.886 1.886 CaCO 3 1.253 1.253 1.236 1.236 1.220 1.220 Common salt 0.419 0.419 0.423 0.423 0.426 0.426 Vit-min premix 1 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 Methionine 0.337 0.337 0.358 0.359 0.380 0.380 Lysine 0.111 0.110 0.125 0.125 0.139 0.139 Threonine 0.028 0.028 0.047 0.047 0.065 0.065 Olive pomace 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 10.000 10.000 Multi-enzyme 2 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.050 Chemical composition ME kcal/kg 2975 2975 2975 2975 2975 2975 CP% 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 Linoleic acid% 1.938 1.950 2.482 2.494 3.025 3.037 CF% 3.320 3.316 5.790 5.786 8.259 8.255 Calcium% 1.00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Avail.phos % 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500 Potassium % 0.940 0.940 0.921 0.921 0.902 0.902 Sodium % 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 Lysine % 1.320 1.320 1.320 1.320 1.320 1.320 Methionine % 0.660 0.660 0.670 0.670 0.681 0.681 Met + cys % 1.00 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Threonine % 0.880 0.880 0.880 0.880 0.880 0.880 1 . Vitamin-mineral premix composed of; Vitamin A (10000000 IU), vitamin D3 (2000000 IU), vitamin E (10000 mg), vitamin K (2000 mg), vitamin C (2000 mg), vitamin B1 (1000 mg), vitamin B2 (1000 mg), vitamin B6 (1000 mg), vitamin B12 (10 mg), folic acid (50 mg), pantothenic (1000 mg), niacin (2000 mg), biotin (50 mg), DL-methionine (500 mg), L-lysine (500 mg), L–tryptophane (500 mg), L-threonine (500 mg), L-valine (500 mg), zinc sulphate (1000 mg), manganese sulphate (1000 mg), iron sulphate (1000 mg), copper sulphate (1000 mg), potassium iodide (100 mg), cobalt sulphate (100 mg), sodium selenite (10 mg), carrier up to (1000 g). 2 . Multi-enzyme is a blend of cellulase, phytase, and xylanase in 1:1:1 ratio. Abbreviations: Dical-phos; Dicalcium phosphate, ME; Metabolizable energy, CP; Crude protein, CF; Crude fibre, Avail.phos; Available phosphorous, Met + Cys; Methionine plus cysteine. Table 2 Diet rations for broiler chickens at grower phase (12–25 days) Ingredients Control 5% olive pomace 10% olive pomace No enzyme With enzyme No enzyme With enzyme No enzyme With enzyme Corn grain 59.675 59.580 53.231 53.136 46.787 46.692 Soybean meal 46% 34.763 34.781 34.789 34.807 34.815 34.833 Sunflower oil 2.021 2.049 3.356 3.392 4.709 4.736 Dical-phos 1.425 1.425 1.459 1.459 1.493 1.493 CaCO 3 1.086 1.085 1.069 1.069 1.052 1.052 Common salt 0.419 0.419 0.423 0.423 0.426 0.426 Vit-min premix 1 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.250 Methionine 0.291 0.292 0.313 0.313 0.334 0.334 Lysine 0.065 0.065 0.080 0.079 0.094 0.093 Threonine 0.003 0.003 0.022 0.022 0.040 0.040 Olive pomace 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.050 Multi-enzyme 2 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 10.000 10.000 Chemical composition ME kcal/kg 3050 3050 3050 3050 3050 3050 CP% 21.50 21.50 21.50 21.50 21.50 21.50 Linoleic acid% 2.483 2.495 3.026 3.038 3.570 3.582 CF% 3.400 3.396 5.869 5.865 8.338 8.334 Calcium% 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840 0.840 Avail.phos % 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 0.420 Potassium % 0.876 0.876 0.858 0.858 0.839 0.839 Sodium % 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 Lysine % 1.180 1.180 1.180 1.180 1.180 1.180 Methionine % 0.597 0.597 0.608 0.608 0.619 0.619 Met + cys % 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 0.920 Threonine % 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.8000 0.800 0.800 1 . Vitamin-mineral premix composed of; Vitamin A (10000000 IU), vitamin D3 (2000000 IU), vitamin E (10000 mg), vitamin K (2000 mg), vitamin C (2000 mg), vitamin B1 (1000 mg), vitamin B2 (1000 mg), vitamin B6 (1000 mg), vitamin B12 (10 mg), folic acid (50 mg), pantothenic (1000 mg), niacin (2000 mg), biotin (50 mg), DL-methionine (500 mg), L-lysine (500 mg), L–tryptophane (500 mg), L-threonine (500 mg), L-valine (500 mg), zinc sulphate (1000 mg), manganese sulphate (1000 mg), iron sulphate (1000 mg), copper sulphate (1000 mg), potassium iodide (100 mg), cobalt sulphate (100 mg), sodium selenite (10 mg), carrier up to (1000 g). 2 . Multi-enzyme is a blend of cellulase, phytase, and xylanase in 1:1:1 ratio. Abbreviations: Dical-phos; Dicalcium phosphate, ME; Metabolizable energy, CP; Crude protein, CF; Crude fibre, Avail.phos; Available phosphorous, Met + Cys; Methionine plus cysteine. Table 3 Diet rations for broiler chickens at finisher phase (26–40 days) Ingredients Control 5% olive pomace 10% olive pomace No enzyme With enzyme No enzyme With enzyme No enzyme With enzyme Corn grain 64.872 64.777 58.401 58.306 52.081 51.986 Soybean meal 46% 29.346 29.364 29.430 29.448 29.379 29.397 Sunflower oil 2.550 2.577 3.898 3.925 5.210 5.237 Dical-phos 1.155 1.155 1.188 1.188 1.222 1.223 CaCO 3 0.965 0.965 0.948 0.948 0.932 0.932 Common salt 0.418 0.419 0.422 0.422 0.374 0.374 Vit-min premix 1 0.250 0.250 0.250 0.520 0.250 0.250 Methionine 0.282 0.282 0.302 0.303 0.324 0.324 Lysine 0.126 0.126 0.139 0.139 0.155 0.155 Threonine 0.036 0.036 0.023 0.023 0.073 0.073 Olive pomace 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.050 Multi-enzyme 2 0.000 0.000 5.000 5.000 10.000 10.000 Chemical composition ME kcal/kg 3100 3100 3100 3100 3100 3100 CP% 19.50 19.50 19.50 19.50 19.50 19.50 Linoleic acid% 2.845 2.857 3.390 3.402 3.920 3.932 CF% 3.525 3.521 5.994 5.990 8.468 8.464 Calcium% 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 0.720 Avail.phos % 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360 0.360 Potassium % 0.783 0.783 0.766 0.766 0.746 0.746 Sodium % 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.180 0.160 0.160 Lysine % 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.100 1.100 Methionine % 0.563 0.563 0.574 0.574 0.585 0.585 Met + cys % 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 Threonine % 0.750 0.750 0.720 0.720 0.750 0.750 1 . Vitamin-mineral premix composed of; Vitamin A (10000000 IU), vitamin D3 (2000000 IU), vitamin E (10000 mg), vitamin K (2000 mg), vitamin C (2000 mg), vitamin B1 (1000 mg), vitamin B2 (1000 mg), vitamin B6 (1000 mg), vitamin B12 (10 mg), folic acid (50 mg), pantothenic (1000 mg), niacin (2000 mg), biotin (50 mg), DL-methionine (500 mg), L-lysine (500 mg), L–tryptophane (500 mg), L-threonine (500 mg), L-valine (500 mg), zinc sulphate (1000 mg), manganese sulphate (1000 mg), iron sulphate (1000 mg), copper sulphate (1000 mg), potassium iodide (100 mg), cobalt sulphate (100 mg), sodium selenite (10 mg), carrier up to (1000 g). 2 . Multi-enzyme is a blend of cellulase, phytase, and xylanase in 1:1:1 ratio. Abbreviations: Dical-phos; Dicalcium phosphate, ME; Metabolizable energy, CP; Crude protein, CF; Crude fibre, Avail.phos; Available phosphorous, Met + Cys; Methionine plus cysteine. Table 4 Chemical composition of Olive pomace based on the dry matter Parameters DM % Moisture % CP % CF % EE % Ash % NFE % NDF % ADF % ME kcal/kg Olive pomace 93.55 6.45 10 55.2 5.87 2.96 19.52 57.5 31.6 1532 ADF; Acid detergent fibre, CF; Crude fibre, CP; Crude protein, EE; Ether extract, ME; Metabolizable energy, NFE; Nitrogen-free extract, NDF, Neutral detergent fibre. Table 5 Effects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on body weight (g), average weight gain (g) and mortality (%) in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age Dietary treatments Body weight (g) Average weight gain (g) Mortality % OP level E level 11 days 25 days 40 days 1–11 day 12–25 day 26–40 day 1–40 day 1–40 day 0% OP 0 g/kg 291 1091 ab 1892 249 800 800 1850 15.08 0% OP 0.5 g/kg 308 1074 ab 1949 266 766 815 1907 11.94 5% OP 0 g/kg 294 1016 b 1815 252 741 731 1773 13.39 5% OP 0.5 g/kg 324 1109 ab 1946 282 785 820 1904 16.94 10% OP 0 g/kg 286 1007 b 1816 244 720 743 1774 11.22 10% OP 0.5 g/kg 315 1154 a 1968 273 839 810 1926 6.44 Ingredient 0% OP 300 1082 1920 258 783 808 1878 13.51 5% OP 313 1062 1888 271 763 775 1846 15.17 10% OP 301 1072 1892 259 773 776 1850 8.83 Multi-enzyme level 0 g/kg 290 b 1038 b 1843 b 248 b 754 758 1801 b 13.23 0.5 g/kg 316 a 1109 a 1954 a 274 a 794 815 1912 a 11.78 Source of variation -------------------------------------------------------Probability--------------------------------------------------------- OP 0.2026 0.7735 0.6454 0.2026 0.7693 0.7272 0.6454 0.4526 E 0.0001 0.0075 0.0039 0.0001 0.0916 0.1505 0.0039 0.7319 OP×E 0.4405 0.0440 0.5105 0.4405 0.0565 0.7232 0.5105 0.6946 Pooled SEM 2 3.323 14.85 19.82 3.323 13.03 18.65 19.82 2.003 Abbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean. a−c Means in the same column with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Table 6 Effects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on average feed intake (g) and feed conversion ratio (g) in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age Dietary treatments Average feed intake (g) Feed conversion ratio (g) OP level E level 1–11 Day 12–25 day 26–40 Day 1–40 day 1–11 day 12–25 Day 26–40 day 1–40 day 0% OP 0 g/kg 281 ab 913 1601 2924 1.132 a 1.141 2.130 1.536 0% OP 0.5 g/kg 295 ab 877 1670 2842 1.108 ab 1.139 2.062 1.529 5% OP 0 g/kg 274 bc 993 1505 2895 1.145 a 1.168 2.061 1.547 5% OP 0.5 g/kg 307 a 1069 1694 3070 1.088 ab 1.310 2.122 1.574 10% OP 0 g/kg 249 c 948 1586 2772 1.038 b 1.314 2.160 1.564 10% OP 0.5 g/kg 309 a 1005 1673 2987 1.132 a 1.150 2.072 1.551 Ingredient 0% OP 288 895 1636 2878 1.120 1.140 2.090 1.532 5% OP 290 1031 1600 2992 1.113 1.239 2.092 1.560 10% OP 287 977 1629 2880 1.097 1.232 2.112 1.557 Multi-enzyme level 0 g/kg 271 b 951 1564 b 2857 1.113 1.210 2.12 1.550 0.5 g/kg 304 a 984 1679 a 2966 1.109 1.192 2.08 1.551 Source of variation -----------------------------------------------------Probability---------------------------------------------------------- OP 0.2567 0.2082 0.7941 0.3176 0.1972 0.1336 0.9773 0.5468 E 0.0001 0.6032 0.0187 0.1061 0.7948 0.8641 0.6870 0.9246 OP×E 0.0107 0.7267 0.5232 0.1227 0.0041 0.0616 0.7263 0.7429 Pooled SEM 2 4.415 30.18 24.08 33.43 0.009 0.025 0.039 0.010 Abbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean. a-c Means in the same column with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Table 7 Effects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age Dietary treatments Cholesterol HDL Triglyceride VLDL LDL AST ALT ALP Uric acid Glucose OP level E level 0% OP 0 g/kg 127 60.7 45.7 9.13 57.11 a 231 5.83 1.38 1.92 207 0% OP 0.5 g/kg 111 66.6 54.8 10.95 33.85 bc 200 5.92 1.33 1.20 228 5% OP 0 g/kg 130 77.6 55.6 11.11 40.89 b 224 3.74 1.22 2.95 216 5% OP 0.5 g/kg 123 78.2 56.4 11.27 33.33 bc 219 5.75 1.30 3.74 191 10% OP 0 g/kg 105 67.0 49.5 9.90 28.10 c 197 4.07 1.62 2.92 205 10% OP 0.5 g/kg 120 81.6 59.3 11.85 37.40 b 204 2.60 1.85 1.16 196 Ingredient 0% OP 118 64.0 b 50.7 10.15 44.19 a 214 5.89 a 1.35 ab 1.56 219 5% OP 126 77.9 ab 56.0 11.19 37.11 ab 221 4.63 ab 1.26 b 3.34 204 10% OP 113 75.1 a 54.9 11.00 32.75 b 201 3.25 b 1.74 a 1.94 200 Multi-enzyme level 0 g/kg 121 69.1 50.6 10.13 41.95 a 218 4.37 1.43 2.62 210 0.5 g/kg 118 75.5 56.8 11.36 34.68 b 208 4.68 1.49 2.09 205 Source of variation --------------------------------------------Probability--------------------------------------------------------- OP 0.1254 0.0136 0.8071 0.8068 0.0151 0.6000 0.0377 0.0256 0.1299 0.2635 E 0.6521 0.0729 0.3829 0.3830 0.0373 0.5778 0.7835 0.5684 0.4421 0.6167 OP×E 0.0737 0.3160 0.8535 0.8531 0.0026 0.6596 0.1646 0.7471 0.3463 0.1067 Pooled SEM 2 2.85 2.20 3.41 0.68 2.25 7.87 0.41 0.08 0.36 4.57 Abbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean, HDL; High density lipoprotein, VLDL; Very low-density lipoprotein, LDL; Low density lipoprotein, AST; Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT; Alanine aminotransferase, ALP; Alkaline phosphatase. a-c Means in the same column with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Table 8 Effects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on hematological parameters in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age Dietary treatments HCT % Hemoglobin mg/dL Heterophile % Lymphocyte % L:H ratio Mid cell % OP level E level 0% OP 0 g/kg 30.25 10.08 33.87 60.62 1.706 5.50 0% OP 0.5 g/kg 32.75 10.92 36.90 52.52 1.465 10.57 5% OP 0 g/kg 32.70 10.90 39.74 54.24 1.429 6.02 5% OP 0.5 g/kg 31.20 10.40 43.40 49.96 1.176 6.64 10% OP 0 g/kg 32.40 10.80 40.64 49.86 1.237 7.78 10% OP 0.5 g/kg 31.30 10.43 43.52 44.16 1.044 12.32 Ingredient 0% OP 31.50 10.55 35.39 56.57 a 1.568 8.04 ab 5% OP 31.95 10.70 41.57 52.10 ab 1.302 6.33 b 10% OP 31.85 10.62 42.08 47.01 b 1.141 10.05 a Multi-enzyme level 0 g/kg 31.89 10.65 38.39 54.50 1.419 6.50 b 0.5 g/kg 31.68 10.57 41.59 48.62 1.211 9.79 a Source of variation ----------------------------------------------------------Probability-------------------------------------------------------- OP 0.9127 0.9217 0.0813 0.0446 0.1162 0.0187 E 0.9698 0.9512 0.2101 0.0560 0.1698 0.0030 OP×E 0.1617 0.1715 0.9900 0.8768 0.9856 0.1672 Pooled SEM 2 0.42 0.14 1.28 1.64 0.66 0.66 Abbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean, HCT; Haematocrit, H:L; Heterophil to lymphocyte, Mid, Sum of monocyte, basophiles, and eosinophiles. a-c Means in the same column with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Table 9 Effects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on the carcass and internal organs weight percentage in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age Dietary treatments Carcass Crop Proventriculus Gizzard Liver Heart Spleen Pancreas Bursa of Fabricius Abdominal fat OP level E level 0% OP 0 g/kg 65.84 0.370 0.486 1.367 2.086 0.452 0.101 0.197 0.061 1.241 0% OP 0.5 g/kg 65.53 0.302 0.458 1.248 2.109 0.472 0.128 0.205 0.093 1.113 5% OP 0 g/kg 65.65 0.364 0.412 2.556 2.185 0.474 0.094 0.242 0.099 1.552 5% OP 0.5 g/kg 64.00 0.309 0.449 2.433 2.229 0.416 0.104 0.240 0.074 2.041 10% OP 0 g/kg 63.71 0.318 0.486 3.086 1.954 0.468 0.096 0.263 0.114 1.485 10% OP 0.5 g/kg 64.97 0.347 0.457 2.505 1.963 0.473 0.123 0.227 0.112 1.667 Ingredient 0% OP 65.71 0.336 0.473 1.307 b 2.096 0.462 0.115 0.201 0.077 1.177 b 5% OP 64.73 0.333 0.433 2.494 a 2.207 0.442 0.099 0.241 0.086 1.796 a 10% OP 64.34 0.332 0.472 2.795 a 1.958 0.470 0.110 0.245 0.113 1.576 ab Multi-enzyme level 0 g/kg 65.02 0.350 0.465 2.336 2.075 0.464 0.097 0.234 0.091 1.426 0.5 g/kg 64.79 0.319 0.455 2.062 2.099 0.454 0.118 0.224 0.093 1.607 Source of variation ---------------------------------------------------------Probability------------------------------------------------------------ OP 0.2668 0.9959 0.6690 0.0001 0.2819 0.8406 0.4876 0.1111 0.0890 0.0489 E 0.7430 0.4522 0.8774 0.0787 0.8458 0.7529 0.0608 0.5729 0.9157 0.3637 OP×E 0.2225 0.5781 0.7893 0.3654 0.9932 0.6376 0.7671 0.5948 0.2296 0.4494 Pooled SEM 2 0.341 0.019 0.020 0.141 0.060 0.016 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.105 Abbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean. a-c Means in the same column with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Table 10 Effects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on related intestinal weight and length in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age Dietary treatments Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Cecum OP level E level Weight Length Weight Length Weight Length Weight Length 0% OP 0 g/kg 0.755 1.646 1.430 3.533 1.095 3.347 0.667 0.900 0% OP 0.5 g/kg 0.796 1.650 1.525 3.235 1.243 3.504 0.678 0.956 5% OP 0 g/kg 0.823 1.691 1.568 3.861 1.294 3.643 0.770 0.932 5% OP 0.5 g/kg 0.850 1.754 1.608 3.551 1.322 3.688 0.885 0.912 10% OP 0 g/kg 0.907 1.827 1.705 3.792 1.409 3.590 0.747 0.898 10% OP 0.5 g/kg 0.711 1.658 1.761 3.528 1.295 3.620 0.645 0.818 Ingredient 0% OP 0.775 1.648 1.483 3.384 1.159 3.406 0.672 0.929 5% OP 0.836 1.726 1.588 3.706 1.308 3.665 0.828 0.921 10% OP 0.820 1.752 1.736 3.660 1.352 3.605 0.683 0.858 Multi-enzyme level 0 g/kg 0.828 1.723 1.567 3.729 1.268 3.527 0.725 0.909 0.5 g/kg 0.791 1.689 1.631 3.438 1.293 3.619 0.736 0.856 Source of variation ------------------------------------------------------Probability---------------------------------------------------------- OP 0.6440 0.6787 0.2607 0.3581 0.2716 0.4992 0.3345 0.2996 E 0.4385 0.7203 0.6056 0.1469 0.8191 0.6395 0.9338 0.7309 OP×E 0.1618 0.5930 0.9823 0.9951 0.5247 0.9470 0.6582 0.3785 Pooled SEM 2 0.027 0.044 0.058 0.096 0.043 0.075 0.045 0.021 Abbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean. a-c Means in the same column with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Table 11 Effects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on intestinal histomorphology in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age Dietary treatments Duodenum Jejunum Ileum OP level E level VL CD VL:CD ratio SA VL CD VL:CD ratio SA VL CD VL:CD ratio SA 0%OP 0 g/kg 1164 174 5.574 4.792 996 145 6.177 6.987 710 195 3.145 5.517 0%OP 0.5 g/kg 1280 191 6.903 6.823 931 176 5.466 6.802 794 184 3.670 3.377 5%OP 0 g/kg 1533 201 4.740 12.99 1066 187 4.025 4.387 726 217 3.427 6.181 5%OP 0.5 g/kg 1250 214 5.014 8.650 1258 230 5.579 8.875 785 205 4.083 5.063 10%OP 0 g/kg 1409 249 6.112 10.33 763 153 5.163 4.547 816 199 4.177 8.912 10%OP 0.5 g/kg 1360 223 6.112 11.46 712 154 4.678 7.990 552 185 2.978 4.610 Ingredient 0% OP 1229 184 6.405 5.920 963 ab 161 5.771 6.895 712 189 3.408 4.328 5% OP 1344 210 4.968 9.890 1186 a 214 5.135 7.192 756 211 3.755 5.622 10% OP 1385 236 6.112 10.90 746 b 156 5.001 5.695 700 189 3.511 6.224 Multi-enzyme level 0 g/kg 1336 210 5.739 8.648 930 160 5.248 5.390 718 206 3.571 6.643 0.5 g/kg 1295 208 6.002 8.800 1040 197 5.374 7.961 711 191 3.570 4.350 Source of variation ----------------------------------------------------Probability----------------------------------------------------------- OP 0.5410 0.1708 0.4752 0.0818 0.0207 0.0785 0.4916 0.9283 0.7191 0.4092 0.7619 0.1507 E 0.6293 0.9635 0.5441 0.8527 0.8082 0.2379 0.8796 0.0625 0.9289 0.4338 0.9870 0.0107 OP×E 0.5695 0.6888 0.7442 0.4619 0.5231 0.7135 0.4408 0.2828 0.0708 0.9988 0.1094 0.3689 Pooled SEM 2 65.9 11.2 0.36 1.03 59.8 10.9 0.34 0.65 39.0 6.94 0.19 0.50 Abbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean, VL; Villus length, CD; Crypt depth, VL:CD, Villus length to crypt depth, SA; Surface area. a-c Means in the same column with different letters are different (P < 0.05). Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Tropical Animal Health and Production → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 16 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 08 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 02 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4208553","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":303292139,"identity":"5ff7dce0-503b-4012-b20b-7c2eaab32a8c","order_by":0,"name":"Osama Rahman 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Raparin","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Srwsht","middleName":"Farhad","lastName":"Osman","suffix":""},{"id":303292150,"identity":"11cc06dd-21b2-4629-bf5e-0944f248e386","order_by":11,"name":"Hawkar Azad Khdir","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Raparin","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hawkar","middleName":"Azad","lastName":"Khdir","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-02 19:30:56","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4208553/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4208553/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04298-7","type":"published","date":"2025-02-01T15:57:09+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":75351374,"identity":"aff454a4-b3a7-4dcc-8602-d074fd3eb9f0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-03 16:10:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2497587,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4208553/v1/81a0ae63-cda4-4662-bfde-5f230eb4405b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Supplementing high-fibre olive pomace and multi-enzyme to broiler chicken's diet can improve health and performance","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eFeeding costs and poultry product prices have recently risen globally due to greater competition between humans and animals for the same feed resources (Al-Harthi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Agro-industrial byproducts can be used as an alternative feed source for animal while being environmentally friendly in terms of disposal and recycling. Previously, crop residues and byproducts (such as olive pomace) were unsuccessful as maize substitutes in poultry feed due to their high fibre content and poor digestion (Sayehban et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecycling olive pomace (OP) as a feed resource in livestock feed is a potential solution for overcoming animal feed shortages (Luciano et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). Olive pomace is the dried solid material remains of the olives after the oil has been extracted. It is also one of the most interesting byproducts of olive tree agriculture, being a good source of various biologically active compounds with antioxidant, antifungal, and antibacterial characteristics (Al-Harthy, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Durazzo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). However, the OP is an excellent source of fat, calcium, copper, and cobalt, with a low nutritional value (metabolizable energy, digestible proteins, and minerals) and a high lignin concentration. It is also low in some minerals, such as phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium, although it is high in manganese and zinc (Sinrod et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Olive pomace has a high fibre content mainly included lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin (Fathy et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Whereas in the past, the use of agricultural residues and byproducts as alternatives to corn-soybean meal-based rations for poultry diets was unsuccessful because of high fibre content and low digestion, but today interest in using them is growing (Seidavi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Adding 5 to 10% of olive pomace (Crude fibre, nearly 37%) in mash feed had no adverse effects on layer egg production or broiler meat production (El-Hachemi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFeed processing and feed additives have been employed in animal nutrition to improve the feeding properties of feeds, mainly agricultural byproducts (Al-Harthi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Various processing methods were applied to improve feed quality and combat antinutritional variables (Bedford et al., 2000).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNowadays, enzymes are widely used to improve animal feed utilization and livestock farming economics due to their numerous benefits, including the ability to overcome antinutritional factors, digesting plant cell walls, improve digestion and gut ecology, and thus improve the use of nutrients for meat and egg production, reduce environmental pollution, and increase profits due to nutrient equivalency value (Attia et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). When the polysaccharides in the plant cell wall break down, digestive enzymes can access the contents inside the cell (Al-Harthi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Exogenous enzymes can be given to broiler diets containing these byproducts to help improve fibre digestion (carbohydrases) or phytic phosphorus solubilization (phytase), decreasing their negative impact on broiler production (Lavelli \u0026amp; Bondesan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Choct, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhytase is used in animal feed to enhance utilization and improve livestock farming economics. It has numerous benefits, including overcoming antinutritional factors such as phytic acid and enhancing digestion and gut ecology (Attia et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Phytase primarily improved phytate phosphorus utilization, particularly in high phytic acid diets, as well as the utilization of protein/amino acids, energy, phosphorous, calcium, and other trace minerals (El-Enshasy et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Another important group of exogenous poultry enzymes is Cellulases, which are hydrolyzing enzymes that hydrolyze the \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1,4-D-glucan linkages in cellulose to produce glucose, cellobiose, and oligosaccharides. However, three forms of cellulases are involved in the hydrolysis of native cellulose, namely cellobiohydrolase (CBH), endo 1, 4-glucanase (EG), and glucosidase (BGL); these three enzymes work together to achieve and effectively hydrolyze cellulose by synergistic action (Patel et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Cellulases and hemicellulases may contribute to enormous depolymerization of plant cell wall polysaccharides, resulting in a major release of energy (Sheldon, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2000\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eXylanases are the main exogenous enzymes of hemicellulase that can break down the xylan (hemicellulose fibre). This performance provides several benefits, such as hydrolyzing NSP, lowering the viscosity of gut contents, influencing digestive tract development, and enhancing nutrient utilization. Furthermore, multiple investigations have shown that exogenous xylanase administration can modify intestinal microbial composition and reduce small intestine fermentation associated with high-NSP diets (Yang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR59\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e; Nian et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Nguyen et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe variety of olive used for oil extraction and the oil extraction method can produce OP with varying fibre content percentages. OP typically has high fibre content, so further research is needed to determine the optimal ratio for broiler diet. This study assessed the effects of high-fibre OP and exogenous multi-enzyme (phytase, cellulase, and xylanase; 1:1:1 ratio) on growth performance, internal organs, intestinal morphology, blood traits, and lipid profile of serum in broiler chickens.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Material and Method","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.1. Olive pomace preparation and analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe olive pomace used in this study was obtained from an olive oil factory (located at Ranya, Iraq). It was dried in the room temperature then was ground by hammer mill. A sample was taken and sent to laboratory to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and ash contents which conducted by Horwitz (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The nitrogen-free extract (NFE) value was also determined by subtracting the sum of CP, EE, ash, and CF contents from 100. Additionally, its neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was determined by Soest and Wine (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1967\u003c/span\u003e) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) by Soest (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1963\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.2. Birds, housing, and feeding\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe experiment was conducted for 40 days at the Department of Animal Resources, University of Raparin, Ranya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Animal care and usage methods were reviewed and approved by the University of Raparin Animal Care and Ethical Committee, which complies with international standards (Vaughn, 2012). A total of 300 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks randomly divided into six groups using a 2 \u0026times; 3 factorial design with 0 and 0.5g/kg multi-enzyme (cellulase 8000 U/g, phytase 10000 FTU/g, and xylanase 100000 BXU/g; 1:1:1 ratio) from GoldFish\u0026copy; and 0, 5, and 10% olive pomace. The diet was primarily based on corn and soybean meal. The experiment was carried out in three stages: starter (1-11 days), grower (12-25 days), and finisher (26-40 days). Each cage had a manual feeder and a nipple drinker. Water and food were freely available, and the animals were fed with pellets whose composition is presented in \u003cstrong\u003eTables 1-3\u003c/strong\u003e. The light program was 24 hours of lighting in the first three days\u0026nbsp;and 23L:1D in the following days.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.3. Performance measurement\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bird's body weight (BW) was measured 0, 11, 25, and 40 days of age. The average feed intake (AFI) and average weight gain (AWG) were calculated from the difference between the values of two consecutive periods (1\u0026ndash;11 days, 12\u0026ndash;25 days and 26\u0026ndash;40 days) and for the entire rearing period (1\u0026ndash;40 days) per replicate. Also feed conversion ratio (FCR) was measured during the aforementioned phases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.4. Blood and serum collection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore slaughtering, a blood sample was obtained from the wing vein of one bird per replicate at age 40 days. The blood samples immediately centrifuged to separate the sera, and then they were stored at -20\u0026deg;C until they were needed for analysis. Diagnostic colorimetric kits manufactured by Biolabo S.A.S. in France were utilized to measure the serum content of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), glucose, uric acid (UA), and total protein (TP). A second blood sample was taken using heparinized tubes to measure haematological characteristics including hematocrit (HCT) and haemoglobin (Hb). In addition, the differential white blood cell count, which includes lymphocytes, Mid-cells (monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils), and heterophiles, were evaluated. The lymphocyte-to-heterophile ratio (L:H) was measured through the number of lymphocytes divided by the number of heterophiles (Lentfer et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.5. Enzyme activity in the liver\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe health of the liver was evaluated by measuring the levels of serum liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) through colorimetric analysis. These enzymes were measured using professional kits from Biolabo S.A.S., located in Les Hautes Rives, 02160 Maizy, France (Sahoo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.6. Carcass and internal organs\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAt 40 days old, the chicks that were previously selected for blood collection were individually weighed and slaughtered. A digital balance with an accuracy of 0.01g was used to weigh the carcass and internal organs (crop, proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, liver, spleen, heart, bursa of fabricius, and abdominal fat), as well as the weight and length of the different segments of the intestines (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and caeca). All data were expressed as a percentage of the live body weight.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.7. Intestinal histomorphology\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eApproximately 4 cm tissue from middle part of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were taken. The separated tissues were rinsed with physiological saline and preserved in 10% formalin solution. Then processed for dehydration and clearing, and embedded in paraffin using an automatic tissue processor. The processed tissues were cut by SRM 200 model microtome (Sakura Finetek Europe B.V., Alphen Aan Den Rijn, Netherlands), fixed on slides and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Various morphometric metrics, including villus length, width, and crypt depth, were determined at a magnification of 40x using a light microscope. The values for villus surface areas were calculated using previous data. The mean values of 10 villi per sample were recorded as the average for further analysis (Abdollahi et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.8. Statistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe collected data was analyzed using the SAS Institute's (2023) General Linear Model techniques, and the trial was a factorial 3\u0026times;2. Whenever the model was significant, Tukey's test assessed the differences between means, with a significance level of P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.1.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical composition of olive pomace \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u003c/strong\u003e provides the chemical and nutrient composition of OP, an industrial waste product. OP comprises 55.2% crude fibre, with NDF and ADF. It also contains 10% crude protein and an energy content of 1532 kcal/kg.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.2. Growth performance \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of different levels of OP and multi-enzyme supplementation on BW, AWG, and mortality rate from 1 to 40 days of age are presented in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 5\u003c/strong\u003e. As shown, the supplementation of OP in different levels to the broiler chicken diet did not influence BW and AWG at the starter, grower, and finisher phases. Also, OP did not show any significant effect on the mortality rate in chickens, but numerically adding 10% of OP to the diet reduced the mortality rate (P\u0026gt;0.05). However, supplementation of multi-enzyme in 0.5 g/kg to the broilers\u0026apos; diet significantly increased BW compared to the control group at all rearing phases. Also, AWG significantly increased at both the starter (1-11 days) phase and the entire rearing period in treatments supplemented with multi-enzyme (P\u0026lt;0.05). While at both the grower (12-25 days) and finisher (26-40 days) phases, multi-enzyme inoculation to the diet did not affect the broilers\u0026apos; AWG compared to the control. On the other hand, the mortality rate slightly declined but was not significant compared to the control group (P\u0026gt;0.05). Additionally, the effect of the interaction between OP and multi-enzyme (OP+E interaction) levels on the BW and AWG was not observed at all rearing phases compared to the control group (P\u0026gt;0.05) except for BW at grower phase. Adding 0.5 g/kg multi-enzyme with 10% OP increased BW at the grower phase compared to the 10% OP significantly (P\u0026lt;0.05) and recorded the heaviest BW. Also, adding 0.5g/kg multi-enzyme with 10% OP to the broilers\u0026apos; diet declined the mortality rate compared to all other experimental groups numerically.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of multi-enzyme and OP with their interaction effects on AFI and FCR in broiler chickens are presented in Table 6. Adding 0.5 g/kg multi-enzyme to the broilers\u0026apos; diet significantly improved average feed intake in the starter and finisher phases (P\u0026lt;0.05) while not influencing AFI at the grower phase and entire rearing periods. Also, multi-enzyme supplementation could not change FCR significantly in all rearing phases (P\u0026gt;0.05). On the other hand, adding OP in different levels to the broiler\u0026apos;s diet did not substantially decline the AFI and FCR at the starter, grower, and finisher phases (P\u0026gt;0.05). The OP+E interaction recorded influence on the AFI and FCR in the starters (1-11 days). As shown, adding 10% OP to the diet reduced AFI as well as FCR compared to the control and other experimental groups significantly (P\u0026lt;0.05), Adding multi-enzyme with 10% OP is an effective method to protect the adverse effects of OP on AFI in broilers. However, during the grower and finisher phases and the entire rearing period, there was no significant (P\u0026gt;0.05) OP+E interaction levels on the AFI and FCR in the broiler chickens.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.3. Serum biochemical parameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of OP and multi-enzyme on serum lipid profile, liver function enzymes, uric acid, and glucose concentrations is shown in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 7\u003c/strong\u003e. Supplementing chickens with 10% OP increased HDL levels and significantly reduced LDL levels compared to the control group (P\u0026lt;0.05). However, OP at 5% and 10% rations did not affect the total cholesterol, VLDL, and TG levels (P\u0026gt;0.05). Moreover, OP had influence on the liver enzyme activities, adding OP by 10% recorded reduced levels of ALT compared to the control group but increased ALP compared to the 5% OP treatment significantly (P\u0026lt;0.05), however, it did not show any significant impact on the AST level compared to the control as well as on the uric acid and serum glucose levels (P\u0026gt;0.05). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementation of multi-enzyme to the diet generally did not affect the liver enzyme activity, uric acid level, and glucose concentration compared to the control group. On the other hand, multi-enzyme contributed to a significant reduction in LDL levels, whilst not affecting other serum lipid profiles compared to the control group (P\u0026gt;0.05). Additionally, no significant impacts were reported as a result of the OP+E interaction on the serum lipid profile. At the same time, LDL levels declined with the supplementation of OP and multi-enzyme to the broilers\u0026rsquo; feed, especially at 10% OP without enzyme group recorded a lower LDL level significantly (P\u0026lt;0.05). Otherwise, the liver function enzymes, uric acid level, and glucose concentration were not influenced by the interaction between OP and multi-enzyme levels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.4. Hematological parameters\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe impact of the multi-enzyme and OP levels on the HCT, haemoglobin, and differential leukocyte count at 1-40 days of age in broilers chicken are shown in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 8\u003c/strong\u003e. Supplementation of OP or multi-enzyme to the broilers\u0026apos; diet did not significantly affect HCT, haemoglobin, Heterophile and L:H ratio. Adding OP to the diet reduces the lymphocyte level, especially in treatment supplemented by 10% OP (P\u0026lt;0.05). Also, OP affect MID-cells compared to the control group, while adding 10% OP to the diet significantly increased MID-cells compared to the 5% OP experimental group (P\u0026lt;0.05). On the other hand, the administration of multi-enzyme to the diet did not substantially influence HCT, haemoglobin, heterophil and lymphocyte count but increased MID-cell count compared to the control group (P\u0026lt;0.05). Additionally, no significant OP+E interaction was observed for HCT, haemoglobin, and differential leukocyte count (P\u0026gt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.5. Carcass and \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003einternal organs\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of the experimental diets on the weight of carcass and relative weight of internal organs to live BW (g/100 g) from 1 to 40 days of age are presented in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 9\u003c/strong\u003e. Supplementation of 5 and 10% OP to the broilers\u0026apos; diet significantly affected the relative weight of gizzard, which increased compared to the control group (P\u0026lt;0.05). Also, adding 5% OP to the diet increased abdominal fat compared to the control group, whilst 10% OP did not significantly affect it compared to the control group (P\u0026gt;0.05). However, adding OP to the diet did not affect other internal organs significantly compared to the control group (P\u0026gt;0.05). Also, the OP+E interaction on the relative weight of internal organs was not recorded compared to the control group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 10\u003c/strong\u003e illustrates the effect of the experimental diets on intestinal weight and length in broiler chicks aged 1 to 40 days. The intestinal weight and length were not affected by OP or multi-enzyme supplementation (P\u0026gt;0.05). Additionally, the significant interaction effect between OP and multi-enzyme was not recorded on the intestinal weight and length.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e3.6. Intestinal histomorphology\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe effects of experimental diets on the intestinal histomorphology of broilers are shown in \u003cstrong\u003eTable 11\u003c/strong\u003e. The supplementation of multi-enzyme to the broilers\u0026apos; diet did not significantly affect the intestinal villus length, crypt depth, villus length to crypt depth ratio, and villus surface area compared to the control group (P\u0026gt;0.05). Also, adding OP did not significantly affect intestinal histomorphology in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared to the control group; however, in the jejunum, adding 10% OP shortened the villus length compared to the 5% OP level (P\u0026lt;0.05). Additionally, the interaction effect was not significant for duodenum, jejunum, and ileum morphology (P\u0026gt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on our results, in general, supplementation of OP did not negatively impact the broiler chickens\u0026apos; performance, and multi-enzyme supplementation significantly increased the performance of the broilers. Furthermore, administering OP with multi-enzyme to the diet, particularly 10% OP with multi-enzyme, compensated for all slightly anti-nutritional factors of OP and generally increased broiler performance and reduced mortality rate. These findings were in line with Tufarelli et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) and Sayehban et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), who concluded the non-detrimental impacts of OP on BW and AWG within other growth performances in broilers. As reported by Ibrahim et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), adding enzymatically fermented OP (by 7.5 and 15%) to the diet significantly increased the BW in broiler chicks. Combining enzymes impacts better digestibility and enhances protein and energy availability, which might be responsible for improving feed intake and BW (Zeng et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Dal\u0026oacute;lio et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulti-Enzymes have also been shown to improve the digestion of starch and cell walls of cereals, which increases energy utilization in diets (Attia et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Cozannet et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) and increases the digestibility of nutrients (protein, fat, fibre, and minerals), also decreasing the amount of nutrients available in the hindgut for the growth of harmful microbiota that improve performance (Aftab \u0026amp; Bedford, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Nusairat \u0026amp; Wang, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). Contrary to that, other investigators claim no influence of enzyme blends containing xylanase, cellulase, and phytase (Sayehban et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) in this regard. The increase in the BW and WG as a result of multi-enzyme supplementation could be attributed to the role of these exogenous enzymes in breaking down the NSP and thus reducing the fibre content of the diet (Alagawany et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e), overcoming the anti-nutritional components, improving feed consumption, and enhancing performance (Jia et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e; Attia et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Choct et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1995\u003c/span\u003e) suggested a higher impact of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in diets with lower metabolizable energy through solubilizing the NSPs present in the food and decreasing its viscosity in the gut; this illustrates the enzyme\u0026apos;s potential in 10% OP-containing diets, as it had the highest fibre content (8.33%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall, our results suggest non-deleterious impacts of OP addition up to 10% and insignificant contribution of the multi-enzyme on the AFI and FCR in broilers. Shirley and Edwards (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e) obtained these results and reported a significant positive impact of phytase (mono-enzyme) on BW, FI, and FCR in broilers fed with corn-soybean. In addition to that, Al-Harthi (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) reported a boost in the FI and FCR, but not WG, values in chicks fed with 10% olive cake and a multi-enzyme (galzym). This outcome is backed by other investigations concluding considerable digestibility improvements in response to the supplementation of xylanase (Yuan et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) or phytase (Cowieson et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e; Al-Harthi et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). In contrast, other researchers have declared no significant improvements in digestibility upon the inclusion of cellulase and/or phytase in the diet of broilers (Scheideler et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Sharifi et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Hartini \u0026amp; Purwaningsih, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Interestingly, enzyme supplementation improves broiler performance by increasing feed intake and nutrient digestion, primarily due to decreased viscosity in the gut, leading to improved growth and feed conversion ratio (L\u0026aacute;zaro et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e; Shirmohammad \u0026amp; Mehri, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the study found mixed trends in mortality rates. The experimental group was treated with 10% OP, and multi-enzyme had the lowest percentage at 6.44%, although this was insignificant for any treatments. This outcome of the beneficial influence of OP with and without multi-enzyme on the death rate is also reinforced by previous literature (Sayehban et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Al-Harthi, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Olive pomace, has been found to improve broiler health and reduce mortality rates in poultry farming due to its bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and antioxidants. An exogenous enzyme is used in broilers\u0026apos; diets to increase OP digestibility and the availability of its bioactive compounds. These compounds have antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, enhancing the birds\u0026apos; immune response and reducing infections. Additionally, olive pomace supplementation improves nutrient absorption and utilization, promoting broiler health and vitality (Hosseini-Vashan et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Debbou-Iouknane et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementation of the OP and multi-enzyme to the diet did not adversely impact the level of different biochemical parameters (lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, Uric acid, and glucose level) in the serum but improved some of them. The most evident improvements were seen in reducing the levels of LDL, particularly at 10% OP without multi-enzyme, followed by 5% OP with multi-enzyme, which was driven by both the multi-enzyme and OP inclusion in the diet (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.005). Additionally, OP-based diets contributed to improvements in the HDL level in the serum concerning the control. Olive pomace, a byproduct of olive oil production, contains polyphenols and monounsaturated fats, potentially lowering cholesterol levels by decreasing LDL and increasing HDL cholesterol. Monounsaturated fats, particularly oleic acid, contribute to this effect (Bilal et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Uric acid and glucose levels showed insignificant fluctuations as well. In agreement with our results, some other researchers have also reported insignificant fluctuations due to enzyme supplementation, namely xylanase (Ahmad et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), for the aforementioned biochemical parameters in the serum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMoreover, amongst the enzymes that indicate higher levels of inflammation and liver abnormality (Ahmad et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), the present study\u0026rsquo;s statistical analyses spotted improve in ALP, ALT, and even AST levels, and this was suggested to be mainly driven by OP presence in the diet. Similarly, Attia et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) reported a significant influence of a low-energy diet (with higher fibre content) in reducing the levels of ALT and AST in the serum compared to broiler chicks fed with the standard diet. Moreover, higher phenolic compounds (antioxidant activity) and fibre content in OP-based diets may have contributed to reducing the levels of liver enzymes in the birds\u0026rsquo; serum (Difonzo et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, lymphocytes showed reducing trends with elevating OP levels regarding the control diet, especially when mixed with multi-enzyme; these changes also remained insignificant. These findings align with the data reported by several previous authors who reported insignificant changes in the mentioned parameters (Zangeneh \u0026amp; Torki, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Zarei et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, multi-enzyme supplementation played a significant role in elevating the total percentage of monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils in the serum, especially in 0%OP and 10% OP groups. Unlike our findings, Attia et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) reported an increase in lymphocytes but a decrease in eosinophils percentage as a result of multi-enzyme (Galzym-containing cellulase, xylanase, lipase, amylase, protease, and pectinase). The increase in Mid% may indicate an improvement in the immune status of broilers (Attia et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs presented in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, no significant alterations were observed concerning the relative weight of the carcass and the internal organs, including crop, proventriculus, liver, gizzard, heart, spleen, bursa of fabricius, and pancreas. However, the ingredient-based analyses suggested a significant contribution of OP in increasing the relative weight of the gizzard in contrast to the non-OP-fed broiler chickens. High-fibre diets, such as those containing olive pomace, can raise the weight of a bird\u0026apos;s gizzard, which is the muscular portion of the stomach; this is because they can promote muscle growth and effective food processing, which in turn increases gizzard physical activity and weight (Gonz\u0026aacute;lez-Alvarado et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e). Jha et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) state that the increase in the relative weight of gut organs in monogastric animals contributed to the higher fibre content in the feedstuff.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the 5% OP supplementation was found to play some role in increasing the abdominal fat percentage. However, this figure started declining for the 10% OP but remained above the control group. The composition of dietary fats has an impact on their digestibility. Olive pomace is rich in unsaturated fats, which makes it a healthy dietary choice. Research indicates that unsaturated fats are more efficiently utilized, resulting in greater energy utilization than saturated fats. Therefore, increased metabolizable energy may contribute to elevated fat deposition, as surplus energy can be stored as triglycerides in fat reserves. Also, multi-enzyme supplements are commonly incorporated into poultry diets to enhance nutrient breakdown and utilization (Zollitsch et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1997\u003c/span\u003e; Crespo \u0026amp; Esteve, 2001). These enzymes improve nutrition absorption and boost available energy, which promotes fat accumulation by facilitating the digestion of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and fibres included in feed components (Vel\u0026aacute;zquez-De et al., 2021). In contrast, Kongbuntad et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e) have reported an insignificant role of mono-enzyme (xylanase) supplementation on internal organs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegardless of the presence and ratio of OP and multi-enzyme in the diet, all groups exhibited similar results regarding the weight and length of the intestinal parts, including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum. However, the histomorphological properties of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum did not vary significantly with the diet, while ingredient-based analyses suggest OP contribution in altering the villus length of the jejunum; an increase with 5% OP but a decrease with 10% OP supplementation concerning the non-OP diets. In contrast to these results, Tufarelli et al. (\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) recorded longer villi in the duodenum of the broilers fed with 10% OP. The increase in the intestinal villus lenght is considered advantageous in terms of growth performance, as it represents a larger surface area of the mucosal layer and thus enhances the nutrient absorption rate from the intestinal tract (Wu et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the recorded results, it can be concluded that supplementing the diet of broiler chickens with Olive pomace at 5% and 10% as a high-fibre content did not adversely affect broiler performance. Additionally, this supplement improved the serum lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, and overall health of the broilers. Adding multi-enzyme supplements in the broiler, diet can enhance their performance and reduce LDL cholesterol levels. Moreover, supplementing 10% OP with multi-enzyme can improve broiler performance and health.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.1. Funding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.3. Author Contribution statemen\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the study\u0026apos;s conception and design. Material preparation was performed by Osama Rahman Ghaffar, Omer Rasool Ahmed, and Karzan Kareem Saleh, data collection performed by Niga Rzgar Ahmad, Mzhda Mohammed Majeed, Shiraz Ismail Muhammad, Srwsht Farhad Osman, and Hawkar Azad Khdir and analysis were performed by Osama Rahman Ghaffar, Sarwar Omer Aziz, and Asrin Abdollahi. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Asrin Abdollahi, Nihayat Ibrahim Mohammed, Dastan Mohammed Khoshnaw, Omer Rasool Ahmed, and Osama Rahman Ghaffar, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.4.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during the current study are available in the Mendeley Data, V1,\u0026nbsp;DOI: 10.17632/42wp56n5kh.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6.5. Ethics approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of (FASS., 2012). Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of Raparin (15/7/2023: 756-26).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors gratefully acknowledge GoldFish\u0026copy; for providing cellulase, xylanase, and phytase enzymes with vitamin-mineral premix.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdollahi, A., Karimi, A., Sadeghi, A. A., Bedford, M. R., \u0026amp; Ashengroph, M., 2021. The effects of the fiber source and xylanase supplementation on production, egg quality, digestibility, and intestinal morphology in the aged laying hen. \u003cem\u003ePoultry Science\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e100\u003c/em\u003e(3), 100936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.033 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAftab, U., \u0026amp; Bedford, M. R., 2018. The use of NSP enzymes in poultry nutrition: myths and realities. 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K., Guo, Y., Ma, H., He, R., Luo, X., Luo, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., \u0026amp; Zhu, J., 2020. Effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with high-temperature fermented soybean meal in antibiotic-growth-promoter-free diets on growth performance, organ weights, serum indexes, intestinal flora and histomorphology of broiler chickens. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114616 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYang, Y., Iji, P. A., Kocher, A., Mikkelsen, L. L., \u0026amp; Choct, M., 2008. Effects of xylanase on growth and gut development of broiler chickens given a wheat-based diet. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 21(11), 1659-1664. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.80074 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYuan, L., Wang, M., Zhang, X., \u0026amp; Wang, Z., 2017. Effects of protease and non-starch polysaccharide enzyme on performance, digestive function, activity and gene expression of endogenous enzyme of broilers. PLoS One, 12(3), e0173941. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173941 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZangeneh, S., \u0026amp; Torki, M., 2011. Effects of b-mannanase supplementing of olive pulp included diet on performance of laying hens, egg quality characteristics, humoral and cellular immune response and blood parameters. Global Vet, 7(4), 391-398. https://www.idosi.org/gv/GV7(4)11/14.pdf\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZarei, M., Ehsani, M., \u0026amp; Torki, M., 2011. Productive performance of laying hens fed wheat-based diets included olive pulp with or without a commercial enzyme product. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(20), 4303\u0026ndash;4312. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajb/article/view/93622 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZeng, Q., Huang, X., Luo, Y., Ding, X., Bai, S., Wang, J., ... \u0026amp; Zhang, K., 2015. Effects of a multi-enzyme complex on growth performance, nutrient utilization and bone mineralization of meat duck. Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 6(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-015-0013-4\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZollitsch, W., Knaus, W., Aichinger, F., \u0026amp; Lettner, F., 1997. Effects of different dietary fat sources on performance and carcass characteristics of broilers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 66(1-4), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01126-1 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiet rations for broiler chickens at starter phase (1\u0026ndash;11 days)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIngredients\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% olive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% olive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorn grain\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.288\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.193\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.843\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.748\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43.399\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43.304\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoybean meal 46%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.425\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.443\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.451\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.469\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.477\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.495\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSunflower oil\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.098\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.415\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.442\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.758\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.786\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDical-phos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.818\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.818\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.852\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.852\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.886\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.886\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.253\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.253\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.236\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.236\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.220\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.220\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommon salt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.419\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.419\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.426\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.426\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVit-min premix\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethionine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.337\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.337\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.358\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.359\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.380\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.380\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLysine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.125\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.125\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThreonine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.028\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOlive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulti-enzyme\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"7\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical composition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eME kcal/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2975\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2975\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2975\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2975\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2975\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2975\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCP%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e23.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinoleic acid%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.938\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.950\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.482\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.494\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.025\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.037\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCF%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.320\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.316\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.790\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.786\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.259\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.255\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalcium%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvail.phos %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.500\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePotassium %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.940\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.940\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.921\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.921\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.902\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.902\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSodium %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLysine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.320\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.320\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.320\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.320\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.320\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.320\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethionine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.660\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.660\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.670\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.670\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.681\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.681\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;cys %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThreonine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.880\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"7\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. Vitamin-mineral premix composed of; Vitamin A (10000000 IU), vitamin D3 (2000000 IU), vitamin E (10000 mg), vitamin K (2000 mg), vitamin C (2000 mg), vitamin B1 (1000 mg), vitamin B2 (1000 mg), vitamin B6 (1000 mg), vitamin B12 (10 mg), folic acid (50 mg), pantothenic (1000 mg), niacin (2000 mg), biotin (50 mg), DL-methionine (500 mg), L-lysine (500 mg), L\u0026ndash;tryptophane (500 mg), L-threonine (500 mg), L-valine (500 mg), zinc sulphate (1000 mg), manganese sulphate (1000 mg), iron sulphate (1000 mg), copper sulphate (1000 mg), potassium iodide (100 mg), cobalt sulphate (100 mg), sodium selenite (10 mg), carrier up to (1000 g).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Multi-enzyme is a blend of cellulase, phytase, and xylanase in 1:1:1 ratio.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: Dical-phos; Dicalcium phosphate, ME; Metabolizable energy, CP; Crude protein, CF; Crude fibre, Avail.phos; Available phosphorous, Met\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Cys; Methionine plus cysteine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiet rations for broiler chickens at grower phase (12\u0026ndash;25 days)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIngredients\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% olive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% olive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorn grain\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.675\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.580\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.231\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e53.136\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e46.787\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e46.692\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoybean meal 46%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.763\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.781\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.789\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.807\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.815\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.833\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSunflower oil\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.021\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.049\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.356\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.392\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.709\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.736\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDical-phos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.425\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.425\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.459\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.459\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.493\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.493\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.086\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.085\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.069\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.052\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.052\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommon salt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.419\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.419\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.426\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.426\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVit-min premix\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethionine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.291\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.292\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.313\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.334\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.334\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLysine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThreonine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.040\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.040\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOlive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulti-enzyme\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"7\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical composition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eME kcal/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCP%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinoleic acid%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.483\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.495\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.026\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.038\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.570\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.582\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCF%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.396\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.869\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.865\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.338\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.334\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalcium%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.840\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvail.phos %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.420\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.420\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.420\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.420\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.420\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.420\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePotassium %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.876\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.876\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.858\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.858\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.839\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.839\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSodium %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLysine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethionine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.597\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.597\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.608\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.608\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.619\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.619\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;cys %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThreonine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"7\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. Vitamin-mineral premix composed of; Vitamin A (10000000 IU), vitamin D3 (2000000 IU), vitamin E (10000 mg), vitamin K (2000 mg), vitamin C (2000 mg), vitamin B1 (1000 mg), vitamin B2 (1000 mg), vitamin B6 (1000 mg), vitamin B12 (10 mg), folic acid (50 mg), pantothenic (1000 mg), niacin (2000 mg), biotin (50 mg), DL-methionine (500 mg), L-lysine (500 mg), L\u0026ndash;tryptophane (500 mg), L-threonine (500 mg), L-valine (500 mg), zinc sulphate (1000 mg), manganese sulphate (1000 mg), iron sulphate (1000 mg), copper sulphate (1000 mg), potassium iodide (100 mg), cobalt sulphate (100 mg), sodium selenite (10 mg), carrier up to (1000 g).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Multi-enzyme is a blend of cellulase, phytase, and xylanase in 1:1:1 ratio.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: Dical-phos; Dicalcium phosphate, ME; Metabolizable energy, CP; Crude protein, CF; Crude fibre, Avail.phos; Available phosphorous, Met\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Cys; Methionine plus cysteine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDiet rations for broiler chickens at finisher phase (26\u0026ndash;40 days)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIngredients\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% olive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% olive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith enzyme\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCorn grain\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.872\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.777\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.401\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e58.306\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.081\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e51.986\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoybean meal 46%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.346\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.364\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.430\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.448\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.379\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29.397\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSunflower oil\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.550\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.577\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.898\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.925\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.210\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.237\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDical-phos\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.155\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.155\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.188\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.188\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.222\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.223\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.965\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.965\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.948\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.948\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCommon salt\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.418\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.419\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.374\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.374\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVit-min premix\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.520\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethionine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.282\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.282\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.302\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.303\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.324\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.324\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLysine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.139\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThreonine\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.023\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.073\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOlive pomace\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMulti-enzyme\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"7\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChemical composition\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eME kcal/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCP%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLinoleic acid%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.845\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.857\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.390\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.402\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.932\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCF%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.525\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.521\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.994\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.990\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.468\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.464\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCalcium%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvail.phos %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePotassium %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.783\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.783\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.766\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.766\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.746\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.746\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSodium %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.180\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.160\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.160\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLysine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethionine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.563\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.563\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.574\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.574\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.585\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.585\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMet\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;cys %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.860\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThreonine %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"7\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e. Vitamin-mineral premix composed of; Vitamin A (10000000 IU), vitamin D3 (2000000 IU), vitamin E (10000 mg), vitamin K (2000 mg), vitamin C (2000 mg), vitamin B1 (1000 mg), vitamin B2 (1000 mg), vitamin B6 (1000 mg), vitamin B12 (10 mg), folic acid (50 mg), pantothenic (1000 mg), niacin (2000 mg), biotin (50 mg), DL-methionine (500 mg), L-lysine (500 mg), L\u0026ndash;tryptophane (500 mg), L-threonine (500 mg), L-valine (500 mg), zinc sulphate (1000 mg), manganese sulphate (1000 mg), iron sulphate (1000 mg), copper sulphate (1000 mg), potassium iodide (100 mg), cobalt sulphate (100 mg), sodium selenite (10 mg), carrier up to (1000 g).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Multi-enzyme is a blend of cellulase, phytase, and xylanase in 1:1:1 ratio.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: Dical-phos; Dicalcium phosphate, ME; Metabolizable energy, CP; Crude protein, CF; Crude fibre, Avail.phos; Available phosphorous, Met\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Cys; Methionine plus cysteine.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab12\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eChemical composition of Olive pomace based on the dry matter\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eParameters\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDM %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eMoisture %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCP %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCF %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEE %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAsh %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNFE %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eNDF %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eADF %\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eME kcal/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOlive pomace\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e93.55\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e6.45\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e55.2\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5.87\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e2.96\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e19.52\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e57.5\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e31.6\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1532\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"11\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eADF; Acid detergent fibre, CF; Crude fibre, CP; Crude protein, EE; Ether extract, ME; Metabolizable energy, NFE; Nitrogen-free extract, NDF, Neutral detergent fibre.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEffects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on body weight (g), average weight gain (g) and mortality (%) in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDietary treatments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBody weight (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAverage weight gain (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMortality %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11 days\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e25 days\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 days\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;11 day\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u0026ndash;25 day\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26\u0026ndash;40 day\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;40 day\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;40 day\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e291\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1091 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1892\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e249\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1850\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e308\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1074 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1949\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e266\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e766\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e815\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1907\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e294\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1016 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1815\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e252\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e741\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e731\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1773\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e324\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1109 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1946\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e282\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e785\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e820\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1904\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1007 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1816\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e244\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e720\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e743\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1774\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e315\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1154 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1968\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e839\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e810\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1926\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.44\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredient\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e300\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1082\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e783\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e808\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1878\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.51\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1062\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1888\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e271\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e763\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e775\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1846\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15.17\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e301\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1072\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1892\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e259\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e773\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e776\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1850\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-enzyme level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e290 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1038 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1843 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e248 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e754\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e758\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1801 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.23\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e316 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1109 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1954 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e274 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e794\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e815\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1912 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of variation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-------------------------------------------------------Probability---------------------------------------------------------\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2026\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7735\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6454\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2026\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7693\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7272\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6454\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4526\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0075\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0039\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0916\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1505\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0039\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7319\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u0026times;E\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4405\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0440\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5105\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4405\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0565\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7232\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5105\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6946\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePooled SEM\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.323\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e14.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.323\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e18.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e19.82\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.003\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u0026minus;c\u003c/sup\u003e Means in the same column with different letters are different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEffects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on average feed intake (g) and feed conversion ratio (g) in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDietary treatments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"5\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAverage feed intake (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFeed conversion ratio (g)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDay\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u0026ndash;25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eday\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDay\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eday\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eday\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12\u0026ndash;25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDay\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eday\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eday\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e281 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e913\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1601\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2924\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.132 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.141\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.130\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.536\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e295 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e877\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1670\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2842\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.108 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.139\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.062\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.529\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e274 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e993\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1505\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2895\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.145 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.168\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.061\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.547\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e307 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1069\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1694\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3070\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.088 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.310\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.122\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.574\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e249 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e948\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1586\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2772\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.038 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.314\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.160\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.564\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e309 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1005\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1673\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.132 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.150\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.072\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.551\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredient\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"9\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e288\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e895\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1636\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2878\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.120\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.140\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.090\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.532\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e290\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1031\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1600\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2992\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.113\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.239\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.092\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e287\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e977\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1629\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2880\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.097\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.232\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.112\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.557\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-enzyme level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e271 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e951\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1564 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2857\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.113\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.210\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.12\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.550\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e304 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e984\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1679 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2966\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.109\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.192\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.551\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of variation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"9\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e-----------------------------------------------------Probability----------------------------------------------------------\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2567\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2082\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7941\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3176\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1972\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1336\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9773\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5468\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6032\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0187\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1061\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7948\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8641\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6870\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9246\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u0026times;E\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0107\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7267\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5232\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1227\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0041\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0616\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7263\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7429\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePooled SEM\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.415\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.18\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e24.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.025\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"11\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea-c\u003c/sup\u003e Means in the same column with different letters are different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEffects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on serum biochemical parameters in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDietary treatments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCholesterol\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHDL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTriglyceride\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVLDL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLDL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAST\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eALT\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eALP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUric acid\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGlucose\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e127\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e57.11 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e231\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e207\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e66.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33.85 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e130\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e77.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e55.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.11\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40.89 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e224\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e216\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e78.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.4\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.27\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33.33 \u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e28.10 \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.07\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e81.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e37.40 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e204\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.60\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e196\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredient\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.0 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.19 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e214\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.89 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.35 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.56\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e219\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e77.9 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e37.11 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.63 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.26 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e204\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.1 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.75 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.25 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.74 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-enzyme level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e69.1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50.6\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.13\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e41.95 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e218\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.37\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e75.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e34.68 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.49\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of variation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e--------------------------------------------Probability---------------------------------------------------------\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1254\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0136\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8071\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8068\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0151\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6000\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0377\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0256\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1299\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2635\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6521\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0729\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3829\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3830\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0373\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5778\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7835\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5684\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4421\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6167\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u0026times;E\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0737\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3160\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8535\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8531\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0026\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6596\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1646\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7471\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3463\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1067\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePooled SEM\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"12\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean, HDL; High density lipoprotein, VLDL; Very low-density lipoprotein, LDL; Low density lipoprotein, AST; Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT; Alanine aminotransferase, ALP; Alkaline phosphatase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea-c\u003c/sup\u003e Means in the same column with different letters are different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEffects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on hematological parameters in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDietary treatments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHCT %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHemoglobin mg/dL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeterophile %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLymphocyte %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL:H ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMid cell %\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30.25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e33.87\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.706\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.75\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.92\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e36.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.465\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.70\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e39.74\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.24\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.429\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.20\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.96\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.176\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e32.40\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40.64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.86\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.237\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.78\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.30\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.43\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e43.52\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e44.16\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.044\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.32\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredient\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.55\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e35.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e56.57 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.568\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.04 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.95\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.70\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e41.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e52.10 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.302\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.33 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e42.08\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e47.01 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.141\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.05 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-enzyme level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.89\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e38.39\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e54.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.419\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.50 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e31.68\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.57\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e41.59\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e48.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.211\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.79 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of variation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"6\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e----------------------------------------------------------Probability--------------------------------------------------------\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9127\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9217\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0813\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0446\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1162\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0187\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9698\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9512\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2101\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0560\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1698\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0030\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u0026times;E\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1617\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1715\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9900\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8768\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9856\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1672\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePooled SEM\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.64\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean, HCT; Haematocrit, H:L; Heterophil to lymphocyte, Mid, Sum of monocyte, basophiles, and eosinophiles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea-c\u003c/sup\u003e Means in the same column with different letters are different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEffects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on the carcass and internal organs weight percentage in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDietary treatments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarcass\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCrop\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProventriculus\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGizzard\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLiver\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeart\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpleen\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePancreas\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBursa of Fabricius\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbdominal fat\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.84\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.370\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.486\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.367\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.086\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.452\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.101\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.061\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.241\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.53\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.302\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.458\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.248\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.109\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.113\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.364\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.412\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.556\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.185\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.474\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.094\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.242\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.099\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.552\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.00\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.309\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.449\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.433\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.229\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.416\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.104\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.240\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.041\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.318\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.486\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.086\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.954\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.468\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.263\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.485\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.97\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.347\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.457\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.505\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.963\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.473\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.227\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.112\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.667\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredient\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.71\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.336\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.473\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.307 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.096\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.462\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.115\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.177 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.73\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.433\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.494 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.207\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.442\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.099\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.241\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.796 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.332\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.472\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.795 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.958\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.470\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.245\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.113\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.576 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-enzyme level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.02\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.350\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.336\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.075\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.464\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.091\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.426\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.79\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.319\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.455\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.062\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.099\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.454\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.118\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.224\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.607\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of variation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e---------------------------------------------------------Probability------------------------------------------------------------\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2668\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9959\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6690\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2819\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8406\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4876\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1111\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0890\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0489\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7430\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4522\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8774\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0787\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8458\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7529\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0608\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5729\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9157\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3637\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u0026times;E\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2225\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5781\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7893\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3654\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9932\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6376\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7671\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5948\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2296\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4494\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePooled SEM\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.341\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.141\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.060\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.009\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.105\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"12\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea-c\u003c/sup\u003e Means in the same column with different letters are different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab13\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eEffects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on related intestinal weight and length in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDietary treatments\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eDuodenum\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eJejunum\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eIleum\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eCecum\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOP level\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eE level\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWeight\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLength\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWeight\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLength\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWeight\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLength\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eWeight\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eLength\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.755\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.646\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.430\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.533\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.095\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.347\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.667\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.900\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.796\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.650\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.525\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.235\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.243\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.504\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.678\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.956\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.823\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.691\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.568\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.861\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.294\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.643\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.770\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.932\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.850\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.754\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.608\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.551\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.322\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.688\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.885\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.912\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.907\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.827\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.705\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.792\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.409\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.590\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.747\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.898\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.711\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.658\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.761\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.528\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.295\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.620\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.645\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.818\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Bold\"\u003eIngredient\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.775\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.648\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.483\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.384\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.159\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.406\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.672\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.929\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e5% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.836\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.726\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.588\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.706\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.308\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.665\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.828\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.921\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e10% OP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.820\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.752\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.736\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.660\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.352\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.605\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.683\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.858\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Bold\"\u003eMulti-enzyme level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.828\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.723\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.567\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.729\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.268\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.527\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.725\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.909\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.791\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.689\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.631\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.438\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e1.293\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e3.619\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.736\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.856\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Bold\"\u003eSource of variation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"8\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"Bold\"\u003e------------------------------------------------------Probability----------------------------------------------------------\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOP\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.6440\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.6787\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.2607\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.3581\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.2716\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.4992\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.3345\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.2996\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eE\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.4385\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.7203\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.6056\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.1469\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.8191\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.6395\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.9338\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.7309\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eOP\u0026times;E\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.1618\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5930\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.9823\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.9951\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.5247\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.9470\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.6582\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.3785\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003ePooled SEM\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.027\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.044\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.058\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.096\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.043\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.075\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.045\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e0.021\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"10\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003eAbbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean.\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"SimplePara\"\u003e\u003csup\u003ea-c\u003c/sup\u003e Means in the same column with different letters are different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab11\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 11\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEffects of olive pomace level (OP) and multi-enzyme (E) supplementation on intestinal histomorphology in broiler chicks from 1 to 40 days of age\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDietary treatments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"5\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDuodenum\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJejunum\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"4\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIleum\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP level\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003elevel\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVL:CD ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVL:CD ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVL\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCD\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVL:CD ratio\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSA\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0%OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1164\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e174\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.574\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.792\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e996\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.177\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.987\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e710\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e195\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.145\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.517\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0%OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1280\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.903\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.823\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e931\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e176\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.466\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.802\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e794\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.670\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.377\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5%OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1533\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.740\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e12.99\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1066\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.025\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.387\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e726\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e217\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.427\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.181\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5%OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1250\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e214\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.014\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.650\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1258\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e230\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.579\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.875\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e785\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.083\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.063\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10%OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1409\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e249\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.112\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.33\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e763\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.163\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.547\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e816\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.177\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.912\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10%OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1360\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e223\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.112\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.46\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e712\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.678\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.990\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e552\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e185\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.978\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.610\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIngredient\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"14\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1229\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.405\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.920\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e963 \u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.771\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.895\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e712\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.408\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.328\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1344\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.968\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.890\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1186 \u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e214\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.135\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.192\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e756\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e211\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.755\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.622\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10% OP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1385\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e236\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.112\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.90\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e746 \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.001\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.695\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e700\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.511\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.224\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-enzyme level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"15\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1336\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.739\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.648\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e930\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e160\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.248\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.390\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e718\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e206\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.571\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.643\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5 g/kg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1295\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.002\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1040\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.374\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.961\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e711\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e191\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.570\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.350\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"5\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource of variation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"12\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e----------------------------------------------------Probability-----------------------------------------------------------\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5410\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1708\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4752\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0818\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0207\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0785\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4916\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9283\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7191\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4092\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7619\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1507\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6293\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9635\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5441\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8527\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8082\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2379\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8796\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0625\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9289\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4338\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9870\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0107\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOP\u0026times;E\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5695\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6888\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7442\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4619\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5231\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.7135\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4408\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2828\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.0708\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9988\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1094\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3689\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePooled SEM\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"3\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e65.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e11.2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e59.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.9\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e39.0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.94\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"17\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: OP; Olive pomace, E; Multi-enzyme, SEM; Standard error of mean, VL; Villus length, CD; Crypt depth, VL:CD, Villus length to crypt depth, SA; Surface area.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea-c\u003c/sup\u003e Means in the same column with different letters are different (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"tropical-animal-health-and-production","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"trop","sideBox":"Learn more about [Tropical Animal Health and Production](https://www.springer.com/journal/11250)","snPcode":"11250","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11250/3","title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Enzyme, Broilers, Histomorphology, Fibre, Performance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4208553/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4208553/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study assessed the effects of high-fibre olive pomace (OP) and exogenous multi-enzyme (phytase, cellulase, and xylanase) on broiler chickens' growth performance, internal organs, intestinal morphology, blood traits, lipid profile of serum, and health. 300 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly divided into six groups using a 2 \u0026times; 3 factorial design with 0 and 0.5g/kg multi-enzyme and 0, 5, and 10% olive pomace. The diet was primarily based on corn and soybean meal. The experiment was carried out in three stages: starter, grower, and finisher. The results indicated that the inclusion of OP at both 5% and 10% levels did not negatively impact broilers' performance (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). However, supplementing the diet with multi-enzyme significantly increased feed consumption, body weight, and weight gain (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Furthermore, chickens offered with 10% OP\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;multi-enzyme exhibited the best performance compared to other experimental groups. The mortality rate also showed a non-significant decline of almost 5% (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Additionally, administration of OP and multi-enzyme or a combination of them to the broilers' diet improved serum lipid profile and liver enzyme activity (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) and did not affect the relative weight and length of internal organs, and intestinal histomorphology (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). In conclusion, simultaneous use of multi-enzyme and diet containing olive pomace could improve the serum lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, and overall health without adverse effect on broilers performance.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Supplementing high-fibre olive pomace and multi-enzyme to broiler chicken's diet can improve health and performance","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-27 08:46:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4208553/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-05-16T14:25:27+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-05-16T14:23:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-08T07:19:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","date":"2024-04-02T15:30:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"tropical-animal-health-and-production","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"trop","sideBox":"Learn more about [Tropical Animal Health and Production](https://www.springer.com/journal/11250)","snPcode":"11250","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11250/3","title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e31c92a2-8faa-4803-a154-dc7ba0e3b035","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 27th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-03T16:05:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4208553","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04298-7","journal":{"identity":"tropical-animal-health-and-production","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},"publishedOn":"2025-02-01 15:57:09","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-27 08:46:01","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11250-025-04298-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-025-04298-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4208553","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4208553","identity":"rs-4208553","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}