Late Oral Complications in Childhood Cancer Survivors: Implications for Pediatric Dentistry and Survivorship Care

Survival rates for children treated for malignant diseases continue to improve, yet many survivors face persistent late oral complications that affect function, aesthetics, and quality of life. Oncological therapy, particularly when administered early in childhood, can disrupt dental and craniofacial development, resulting in dental developmental disorders, enamel defects, salivary gland dysfunction, caries susceptibility, periodontal problems, trismus, and osteoradionecrosis of the jaw. Although these effects are partially known, they are frequently underrecognized in routine practice, and many children do not receive adequate long-term dental follow-up. A key challenge highlighted in recent literature is the absence of structured, evidence-based guidelines for monitoring and managing late oral effects. The article emphasizes the need for clearer recommendations, better communication of oncological treatment histories, and stronger integration of dental professionals within survivorship care. Developing standardized follow-up protocols will be essential to ensure timely detection, consistent management, and improved oral health outcomes for childhood cancer survivors.