Examination of the Relationship Between Patient-Centered Care, Patient Satisfaction and Trust in Nurses Among Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Descriptive Correlational Study

Examination of the Relationship Between Patient-Centered Care, Patient Satisfaction and Trust in Nurses Among Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Descriptive Correlational Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Examination of the Relationship Between Patient-Centered Care, Patient Satisfaction and Trust in Nurses Among Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Descriptive Correlational Study Mine YILMAZ KOÇAK, Gamze METİNÖZ This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9074173/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Patient-centered care refers to individuals actively participating in the healthcare system, making personal decisions, and developing collaborative relationships with healthcare professionals. Aim This study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient-centered care and patient satisfaction and trust in nurses among adult patients. Method This study was conducted using a descriptive correlational design. The sample consisted of 361 patients hospitalized in a university hospital between March 2025 and July 2025. Eleven participants were excluded due to incomplete data collection forms or withdrawal from the study; therefore, data from 350 patients were included in the analysis. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire that included a Personal Information Form, the Patient-Centered Care Scale, the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and the Trust in Nurses Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), Independent Samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal–Walli’s test, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analyses. Results Of the patients participating in the study, 51.1% (n = 179) were aged 42–65 years, 48.0% (n = 168) resided in the city center, 83.4% (n = 292) had social security coverage, 52.6% (n = 184) knew the name of the nurse providing their care, and 89.7% (n = 314) reported trusting the nurse responsible for their care. The mean total score of the Patient-Centered Care Scale was 3.96 ± 0.65, the mean total score of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire was 3.60 ± 0.82, and the mean total score of the Trust in Nurses Scale was 25.04 ± 4.24. The study found a statistically significant positive correlation between patient-centered care and patient satisfaction (r = 0.642, p < 0.001), as well as between patient-centered care and trust in nurses (r = 0.594, p < 0.001). Conclusion The findings indicate that as the level of patient-centered care increases, patient satisfaction and trust in nurses also increase. Trial registration: Not applicable. Nurses patient-centered care patient satisfaction trust Background According to the Turkish Language Association, care is defined as “the effort devoted to ensuring that something develops well and remains in a good condition” [ 1 ]. In the context of nursing, care is regarded as a holistic health service that supports individuals’ physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being [ 2 ]. Advances in healthcare services have transformed the understanding of care, shifting the focus from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered care approach [ 3 ]. In the report published in 2001 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), patient-centered care was defined as “care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and that ensures that patient values guide all clinical decisions” [ 4 ]. The patient-centered care approach emphasizes individuals’ active and engaged participation within the healthcare system and encompasses empathy, advocacy, individualized decision-making, and the establishment of collaborative relationships with healthcare professionals [ 5 – 7 ]. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) also highlighted person-centered care as an evidence-based international human right in the theme of International Nurses Day 2018 [ 8 ]. Patient-centered care is not only an indicator of high-quality healthcare services but also a fundamental factor in achieving patient satisfaction [ 9 ]. Patient satisfaction is defined as a perception that develops as a result of the interaction between patients’ expectations and the care provided [ 10 ]. Improvements in the quality of nursing care directly increase patient satisfaction [ 11 ]. Accordingly, the primary aim of nursing care is to meet patients’ needs, to plan patient-centered care tailored to individual characteristics, to evaluate the outcomes of the care provided, and to contribute to the development of nursing policies based on the data obtained [ 12 , 13 ]. The literature reports that patients generally experience high levels of satisfaction with their care and that there is a significant relationship between patients’ perceptions of care and their satisfaction levels [ 14 – 16 ]. Providing patient-centered care not only enhances patient satisfaction but also strengthens trust in nurses. Trust is one of the cornerstones of nursing care and refers to mutual interaction and shared responsibility between the patient and the nurse [ 17 , 18 ]. Trust in nurses facilitates patients’ participation in the care process, improves health outcomes, and contributes to patients’ feelings of safety [ 19 , 20 ]. Indeed, higher quality nursing care increases patient satisfaction and reinforces perceptions of trust [ 21 , 22 ]. In this context, patient-centered care is considered to influence both patient satisfaction and trust in nurses. However, studies addressing these three variables simultaneously are limited in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationships between patient-centered care, patient satisfaction, and trust in nurses among hospitalized adult patients. The research questions were as follows: What is the level of patient-centered care among patients? What is the level of patient satisfaction? What is the level of trust in nurses among patients? Is there a relationship between patient-centered care and patient satisfaction? Is there a relationship between patient-centered care and trust in nurses? Which variables predict patient-centered care? Methods Study Design This study was conducted using a descriptive and correlational design. Study Setting and Duration The study was carried out between March and July 2025 at a university-affiliated medical faculty hospital located in a province in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye. Study Population and Sample The study population consisted of patients hospitalized at a university hospital between March and July 2025. The sample comprised 361 patients selected from the population using convenience sampling. Based on the known mean score of the Trust in Nurses Scale (23.48 ± 5.01), a sample size calculation was performed using G*Power version 3.1.7, with a statistical power of 0.95, an alpha error of 0.05, and an effect size of 0.19, yielding a required sample size of 329 patients [ 23 ]. Considering a potential attrition rate of 10% during data collection, the target sample size was increased to 361 patients. Patients who met the inclusion criteria during the data collection period were consecutively invited to participate. During the data collection process, 11 patients were excluded due to incomplete data or withdrawal from the study, and data from 350 patients were included in the final analysis. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria : Patients were eligible to participate in the study if they met the following criteria: (1) being 18 years of age or older; (2) being able to communicate effectively and having sufficient literacy skills to understand and respond to the study questionnaires; (3) voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study after providing informed consent; and (4) being hospitalized in the relevant institution for at least two days during the data collection period. Exclusion criteria Patients were excluded from the study if they had a diagnosed psychiatric disorder that could interfere with their ability to respond to the questionnaires or if they declined participation or requested withdrawal during the data collection process. Withdrawal criteria Participants were withdrawn from the study if their general health condition deteriorated during the data collection process or if they reported feeling unwell and were unable to continue completing the data collection instruments. Data Collection Tools The questionnaire consisted of four sections: the Patient Information Form, the Patient-Centered Care Scale, the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and the Trust in Nurses Scale. Patient Information Form The Patient Information Form was developed based on a review of the relevant literature and included a total of 11 items. Seven questions addressed participants’ individual characteristics (age, gender, marital status, educational level, place of residence, employment status, and social security coverage). In addition, four questions related to health status that could directly and/or indirectly affect the dependent variables were included (presence of chronic disease, length of hospital stay, and knowledge of the name of the nurse providing care) [ 12 , 14 , 24 ]. Patient-Centered Care Scale The Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS), developed by Cramm and Nieboer (2018) [ 25 ], was translated into Turkish by Kırılmaz et al. (2023) [ 26 ]. The scale consists of 36 items and eight subscales: patient preferences (items 1–7), physical comfort (items 8–12), care coordination (items 13–16), continuity and transition (items 17–20), emotional support (items 21–24), access to care (items 25–29), information and training (items 30–33), and family and friends (items 34–36). The scale contains no reverse-coded items. In the Turkish sample, the scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with scores calculated according to the subscales. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was reported as 0.961 in the Turkish validation study [ 26 ]. In the present study, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.968. Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire The Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ), originally developed by Laschinger et al. (2005) [ 27 ], was translated into Turkish by Dönmez et al. (2022) [ 28 ]. The questionnaire consists of a total of 19 items and includes an additional four items that assess overall satisfaction with the care and services received during hospitalization, overall satisfaction with nursing care, and the intention to recommend the hospital to friends and relatives. The scale was adapted as a 5-point Likert-type scale, scored from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). The final four items assessing overall patient satisfaction are not included in the total scale score. The PSNCQQ can be scored using two different methods; in this study, scoring was performed by summing the scores of all items and calculating the mean score for each patient. The scale contains no reverse-coded items. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was reported as 0.980 in the Turkish validation study [ 28 ], while the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient in the present study was found to be 0.970. Trust in Nurses Scale The Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS), developed by Radwin and Cabral (2010) [ 29 ], was adapted to Turkish, and its validity and reliability were established by Yücel and Ay (2013) [ 30 ]. Each item of the TNS refers to either a nursing activity or a patient perception, and the items are rated on a six-point Likert-type scale. The total score of the instrument is obtained by summing the item response scores. The minimum possible score is 5, and the maximum score is 30, with higher scores indicating a greater level of trust in nurses. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the TNS was reported as 0.950 [ 30 ]. In the present study, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was determined to be 0.877. Data Collection The data collection process was initiated after obtaining ethical committee and institutional approval. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews from patients who met the inclusion criteria and confirmed their consent to participate in the study after reading the informed consent form. Participants were informed of the purpose of the research, that their voluntary participation was being obtained, and that they could withdraw from the study at any time. Data Analysis Statistical analyses of the data obtained in the study were performed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical software package. Descriptive data were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The normality of data distribution was assessed statistically. For the normality assumption, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied (n > 200). In addition, distribution plots and skewness–kurtosis values were examined to determine conformity with normal distribution. For normally distributed variables, the Independent Samples t-test was used to compare two categorical groups, and the One-Way ANOVA test was applied for variables with more than two categories. For variables with more than two categories that did not meet the normality assumption, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used. The relationships between the total and subscale scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) and the mean scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test, as the data met the normality assumption. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables predicting the total PCCS score, using a model constructed with variables assumed to have potential effects. Ethical Considerations Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Selçuk University Faculty of Health Sciences Ethics Committee for Non- Interventional Clinical Investigations (Date: 25 December 2024; Approval No:2024/1283). Institutional permission to collect research data was obtained from a university hospital (Date: 14 February 2025; Reference No: E-30292447-044-956542). Voluntary patients were included in the study after providing informed consent. Permission to use the scales applied in the study was obtained from the respective authors. Results The distribution of the participants’ descriptive characteristics is presented in Table 1 . Of the patients, 51.1% were aged between 42 and 65 years, 58.3% were female, 83.4% were married, and 64.0% were either literate or had completed primary education. Regarding place of residence, 48.0% of the participants lived in the city center, 76.6% were unemployed or retired, and 83.4% had social security coverage. In terms of health-related characteristics, 51.1% of the participants had a chronic disease, and 78.0% were hospitalized for 2–11 days. Additionally, 52.6% of the participants reported knowing the name of the nurse providing their care, and 89.7% reported trusting the nurse responsible for their care (Table 1 ). Table 1 Distribution of patients’ descriptive characteristics (N = 350) Variables Number (n) Percentage (%) Age 18–41 87 24.9 42–65 179 51.1 ≥ 66 years 84 24.0 Gender Female 204 58.3 Male 146 41.7 Marital Status Single 58 16.6 Married 292 83.4 Educational Level Literate / Primary Education 224 64.0 High School 82 23.4 University and Above 44 12.6 Place of Residence Village 46 13.1 District 136 38.9 City 168 48.0 Employment Status Employed 82 23.4 Unemployed / Retired 268 76.6 Social Security Coverage No 58 16.6 Yes 292 83.4 Presence of Chronic Disease Yes 179 51.1 No 171 48.9 Length of Hospital Stay (days) 2–11 days 273 78.0 12 days and above 77 22.0 Knowledge of the Name of the Nurse Providing Care Yes 184 52.6 No 166 47.4 Trust in the Nurse Providing Care Do not trust 6 1.7 Undecided 30 8.6 Trust 314 89.7 Table 2 presents the mean scores of the total scales and subscales according to selected variables of the patients. The mean age of the participants was 52.87 ± 17.12 years, and the mean length of hospital stay was 11.00 ± 20.10 days. The mean total score of the Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) was 3.96 ± 0.65. The mean subscale scores were as follows: Patient Preferences, 4.04 ± 0.71; Physical Comfort, 3.89 ± 0.80; Care Coordination, 3.95 ± 0.78; Continuity and Transition, 4.03 ± 0.75; Emotional Support, 3.87 ± 0.87; Access to Care, 3.87 ± 0.76; Information and Training, 4.00 ± 0.76; and Family and Friends, 4.01 ± 0.86. The mean total score of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) was 3.60 ± 0.82, while the mean total score of the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) was 25.04 ± 4.24 (Table 2 ). Table 2 Mean scores of the patient-centered care scale, patient satisfaction with nursing care quality questionnaire, and trust in nurses scale according to selected patient characteristics (N = 350) Variables Mean ± SD (Median) Min–Max Age (years) 52.87 ± 17.12 (56.00) 18.00–87.00 Length of hospital stay (days) 11.00 ± 20.10 (5.00) 2.00–180.00 PCCS Total 3.96 ± 0.65 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Patient Preferences 4.04 ± 0.71 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Physical Comfort 3.89 ± 0.80 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Care Coordination 3.95 ± 0.78 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Continuity and Transition 4.03 ± 0.75 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Emotional Support 3.87 ± 0.87 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Access to Care 3.87 ± 0.76 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Information and Education 4.00 ± 0.76 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 Family and Friends 4.01 ± 0.86 (4.00) 1.00–5.00 PSNCQQ Total 3.60 ± 0.82 (3.63) 1.89–5.00 TNS Total 25.04 ± 4.24 (25.50) 9.00–30.00 PCCS: Patient-Centered Care Scale; PSNCQQ: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire; TNS: Trust in Nurses Scale; Mean: Arithmetic mean; SD: Standard deviation; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum. Comparisons of the mean scores of the total scales and subscales according to participants’ characteristics are presented in Table 3 . Patients aged 66 years and older had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Physical Comfort, Continuity and Transition, and Information and Education subscales, as well as a higher total PCCS score, compared with patients aged 42–65 years. Similarly, the mean total scores of the PSNCQQ and TNS were higher among participants aged 66 years and older than among those aged 42–65 years. Participants living in villages had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Physical Comfort, Care Coordination, Continuity and Transition, and Information and Education subscales, as well as higher total PCCS scores, compared with those living in districts. In addition, participants residing in villages had higher mean scores for Emotional Support, as well as higher total PSNCQQ and total TNS scores, compared with participants living in both districts and cities. The Access to Care subscale scores were also higher among participants living in villages and cities than among those living in districts. Participants without social security coverage had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Care Coordination, Continuity and Transition, Emotional Support, Access to Care, and Information and Education subscales, as well as higher total PCCS scores, compared with those who had social security coverage. Patients who knew the name of the nurse providing their care had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Emotional Support, Family and Friends subscales, and total PCCS scores than those who did not know the nurse’s name. When trust in the nurse providing care was examined, patients who reported trusting the nurse had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Continuity and Transition, Emotional Support, Access to Care, and Information and Education subscales, as well as higher total PCCS and total TNS scores, compared with patients who reported not trusting the nurse or being undecided. Additionally, patients who stated that they trusted the nurse had significantly higher mean scores for Physical Comfort, Care Coordination, Family and Friends, and total PSNCQQ compared with those who reported being undecided. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in the total and subscale scores of the scales according to gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, presence of chronic disease, or length of hospital stay (p > 0.05) (Table 3 ) Table 3. Comparison of the mean scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale, Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and Trust in Nurses Scale according to patients’ descriptive characteristics (N=350) Variables Patient Preferences Mean±SD Physical Comfort Mean±SD Care Coordination Mean±SD Continuity and Transition Mean±SD Emotional Support Mean±SD Access to Care Mean±SD Information and Education Mean±SD Family and Friends Mean±SD PCCS Total Mean±SD PSNCQQ Total Mean±SD TNS Total Mean±SD Age 18-41 1 42-65 2 ≥ 66 years 3 F p Difference 4.11 ± 0.65 3.95 ± 0.76 4.16 ± 0.65 3.266 0.039 2<3 3.97 ± 0.83 3.77 ± 0.81 4.06 ± 0.69 4.307 0.014 2<3 4.00 ± 0.78 3.87 ± 0.80 4.06 ± 0.74 1.964 0.142 4.05 ± 0.74 3.94 ± 0.78 4.19 ± 0.68 3.194 0.042 2<3 3.81 ± 0.87 3.81 ± 0.88 4.05 ± 0.82 2.556 0.079 3.80 ± 0.72 3.82 ± 0.78 4.04 ± 0.73 2.894 0.057 4.11 ± 0.68 3.89 ± 0.79 4.11 ± 0.76 3.614 0.028 2<3 3.91 ± 0.98 4.03 ± 0.85 4.06 ± 0.75 0.794 0.453 3.98 ± 0.59 3.88 ± 0.68 4.10 ± 0.62 3.177 0.043 2<3 3.54 ± 0.82 3.53 ± 0.84 3.81 ± 0.75 3.543 0.030 2<3 24.89 ± 4.53 24.63 ± 4.28 26.05 ± 3.69 3.343 0.036 2<3 Gender Female Male t p 4.04 ± 0.74 4.03 ± 0.68 0.148 0.882 3.89 ± 0.81 3.90 ± 0.77 -0.106 0.916 3.96 ± 0.77 3.92 ± 0.80 0.448 0.654 4.00 ± 0.78 4.07 ± 0.71 -0.829 0.407 3.85 ± 0.90 3.89 ± 0.83 -0.464 0.643 3.84 ± 0.78 3.91 ± 0.73 -0.919 0.359 4.00 ± 0.77 4.01 ± 0.76 -0.109 0.914 3.94 ± 0.89 4.10 ± 0.81 -1.687 0.092 3.94 ± 0.67 3.98 ± 0.63 -0.449 0.653 3.62 ± 0.83 3.57 ± 0.81 0.492 0.623 25.09 ± 4.42 24.96 ± 4.00 0.276 0.782 Marital Status Single Married t p 4.12 ± 0.69 4.02 ± 0.72 0.967 0.334 3.90 ± 0.86 3.89 ± 0.78 0.077 0.938 3.97 ± 0.75 3.94 ± 0.79 0.232 0.816 4.00 ± 0.71 4.04 ± 0.76 -0.346 0.730 3.95 ± 0.73 3.85 ± 0.89 0.790 0.430 3.88 ± 0.71 3.86 ± 0.77 0.117 0.907 4.09 ± 0.71 3.98 ± 0.77 0.929 0.353 4.09 ± 0.76 4.00 ± 0.88 0.738 0.461 4.00 ± 0.59 3.95 ± 0.66 0.543 0.587 3.70 ± 0.81 3.58 ± 0.82 1.005 0.316 25.34 ± 3.57 24.97 ± 4.37 0.598 0.550 Educational Level Literate/Primary Education High School University and Above F p 4.03 ± 0.68 4.00 ± 0.81 4.14 ± 0.66 0.530 0.589 3.88 ± 0.73 3.90 ± 0.94 3.93 ± 0.85 0.062 0.940 3.95 ± 0.71 3.92 ± 0.96 3.98 ± 0.76 0.067 0.935 4.03 ± 0.74 4.00 ± 0.85 4.10 ± 0.64 0.254 0.776 3.85 ± 0.86 3.85 ± 0.94 3.96 ± 0.79 0.269 0.764 3.85 ± 0.77 3.93 ± 0.78 3.82 ± 0.70 0.393 0.676 3.97 ± 0.76 4.03 ± 0.82 4.07 ± 0.68 0.383 0.682 4.03±0.80 3.97±0.98 3.99±0.93 0.154 0.857 3.95 ± 0.63 3.95 ± 0.75 4.00 ± 0.58 0.119 0.888 3.60 ± 0.80 3.58 ± 0.86 3.60 ± 0.86 0.026 0.975 25.04 ± 4.18 24.76 ± 4.56 25.54 ± 4.02 0.478 0.620 Place of Residence Village¹ District² City³ F p Difference 4.23 ± 0.64 3.93 ± 0.76 4.07 ± 0.68 3.341 0.037 1>2 4.15 ± 0.75 3.81 ± 0.82 3.89 ± 0.78 3.092 0.047 1>2 4.13 ± 0.79 3.82 ± 0.83 4.00 ± 0.73 3.301 0.038 1>2 4.27 ± 0.70 3.92 ± 0.80 4.06 ± 0.71 4.091 0.018 1>2 4.22 ± 0.70 3.77 ± 0.90 3.85 ± 0.86 4.894 0.008 1>2,3 4.03 ± 0.71 3.71 ± 0.86 3.95 ± 0.66 5.209 0.006 1,3>2 4.16 ± 0.69 3.87 ± 0.87 4.06 ± 0.67 3.612 0.028 1>2 4.04±0.86 3.96±0.88 4.04±0.85 0.328 0.721 4.16 ± 0.58 3.85 ± 0.73 3.99 ± 0.58 4.428 0.013 1>2 3.92 ± 0.65 3.52 ± 0.88 3.57 ± 0.80 4.263 0.015 1>2,3 26.82 ± 3.51 24.92 ± 4.39 24.64 ± 4.20 4.961 0.008 1>2,3 Employment Status Employed Unemployed / Retired t p 4.07 ± 0.80 4.03 ± 0.68 0.422 0.674 3.95 ± 0.92 3.87 ± 0.76 0.643 0.521 4.01 ± 0.85 3.93 ± 0.76 0.869 0.386 4.10 ± 0.81 4.01 ± 0.73 0.888 0.375 3.83 ± 0.96 3.87 ± 0.84 -0.375 0.708 3.84 ± 0.82 3.88 ± 0.74 -0.412 0.680 4.08 ± 0.81 3.97 ± 0.75 1.126 0.261 4.13 ± 0.88 3.97 ± 0.85 1.423 0.156 4.00 ± 0.73 3.95 ± 0.63 0.629 0.530 3.67 ± 0.89 3.58 ± 0.80 0.883 0.378 25.17 ± 4.12 25.00 ± 4.29 0.318 0.751 Social Security Coverage No Yes t p 4.25 ± 0.62 4.00 ± 0.72 2.445 0.015 4.06 ± 0.78 3.86 ± 0.80 1.806 0.072 4.25 ± 0.60 3.89 ± 0.80 3.289 0.001 4.23 ± 0.63 3.99 ± 0.77 2.185 0.030 4.12 ± 0.74 3.82 ± 0.88 2.415 0.016 4.17 ± 0.73 3.81 ± 0.75 3.319 0.001 4.22 ± 0.72 3.96 ± 0.76 2.398 0.017 4.19 ± 0.73 3.97 ± 0.88 1.740 0.083 4.19 ± 0.58 3.91 ± 0.66 2.953 0.003 3.77 ± 0.79 3.56 ± 0.82 1.716 0.087 25.41 ± 4.59 24.96 ± 4.17 0.733 0.464 Presence of Chronic Disease Yes No t p 4.01 ± 0.65 4.07 ± 0.77 -0.748 0.455 3.87 ± 0.78 3.92 ± 0.81 -0.611 0.541 3.95 ± 0.73 3.94 ± 0.84 0.077 0.939 4.03 ± 0.69 4.03 ± 0.81 0.086 0.932 3.87 ± 0.82 3.85 ± 0.92 0.217 0.828 3.90 ± 0.70 3.83 ± 0.82 0.850 0.396 3.97 ± 0.72 4.03 ± 0.80 -0.751 0.453 4.04 ± 0.76 3.98 ± 0.96 0.606 0.545 3.95 ± 0.59 3.96 ± 0.71 -0.102 0.919 3.60 ± 0.79 3.60 ± 0.85 -0.043 0.966 25.32 ± 3.90 24.74 ± 4.56 1.277 0.203 Length of Hospital Stay (days) 2–11 days 12 days and above t p 4.04 ± 0.72 4.04±0.70 -0.021 0.984 3.91 ± 0.80 3.83±0.77 0.739 0.460 3.94±0.78 3.98±0.81 -0.357 0.721 4.04±0.75 4.01±0.75 0.256 0.798 3.86±0.86 3.89±0.88 -0.334 0.738 3.86±0.76 3.91±0.75 -0.548 0.584 3.99±0.75 4.03±0.80 -0.397 0.691 3.98±0.87 4.12±0.82 -1.267 0.206 3.95±0.66 3.97±0.63 -0.223 0.824 3.59 ± 0.81 3.62±0.86 -0.263 0.793 24.98±4.29 25.22±4.09 -0.422 0.673 Knowing the Name of the Nurse Providing Care Yes No t p 4.12 ± 0.62 3.95 ± 0.79 2.143 0.033 3.96 ± 0.69 3.82 ± 0.90 1.658 0.098 3.99 ± 0.69 3.90 ± 0.87 1.116 0.265 4.09 ± 0.65 3.96 ± 0.85 1.636 0.103 3.97 ± 0.73 3.75 ± 0.98 2.274 0.024 3.93 ± 0.68 3.80 ± 0.83 1.603 0.110 4.03 ± 0.69 3.96 ± 0.84 0.874 0.383 4.18 ± 0.70 3.83 ± 0.98 3.783 p<0.001 4.03 ± 0.56 3.88 ± 0.73 2.221 0.027 3.68 ± 0.76 3.51 ± 0.87 1.970 0.050 25.42 ± 3.81 24.60 ± 4.65 1.793 0.074 Trust in the Nurse Providing Care Do not trust¹ Undecided² Trust³ H p Difference 3.30 ± 1.15 3.30 ± 0.72 4.12 ± 0.65 36.852 p<0.001 1,2<3 3.50 ± 0.96 3.35 ± 0.67 3.95 ± 0.78 21.575 p<0.001 2<3 3.50 ± 0.82 3.12 ± 0.76 4.03 ± 0.74 34.911 p<0.001 2<3 3.12 ± 1.18 3.14 ± 0.71 4.13 ± 0.68 47.224 p<0.001 1,2<3 3.08 ± 1.32 2.94 ± 0.89 3.97 ± 0.79 35.820 p<0.001 1,2<3 2.86 ± 0.90 3.04 ± 0.85 3.97 ± 0.69 38.386 p<0.001 1,2<3 3.12 ± 0.54 3.05 ± 0.83 4.11 ± 0.68 48.686 p<0.001 1,2<3 3.38 ± 0.74 3.21 ± 0.92 4.10 ± 0.81 30.749 p<0.001 2<3 3.23 ± 0.88 3.16 ± 0.64 4.05 ± 0.58 46.918 p<0.001 1,2<3 3.07 ± 0.97 2.72 ± 0.68 3.69 ± 0.78 40.209 p<0.001 2<3 21.50 ± 5.08 19.43 ± 5.01 25.64 ± 3.70 40.379 p<0.001 1,2<3 Table 4 presents the relationships between patients’ total and subscale scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) and the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between the mean PSNCQQ scores and the PCCS subscales of Patient Preferences (r = 0.578, p < 0.001), Care Coordination (r = 0.567, p < 0.001), Continuity and Transition (r = 0.557, p < 0.001), Emotional Support (r = 0.569, p < 0.001), and Information and Education (r = 0.585, p < 0.001), as well as with the total PCCS score (r = 0.642, p < 0.001). In contrast, weak positive correlations were identified between the mean PSNCQQ scores and the PCCS subscales of Physical Comfort (r = 0.492, p < 0.001), Access to Care (r = 0.494, p < 0.001), and Family and Friends (r = 0.430, p < 0.001). Similarly, statistically significant moderate positive correlations were found between the mean TNS scores and the PCCS subscales of Patient Preferences (r = 0.551, p < 0.001), Care Coordination (r = 0.519, p < 0.001), Continuity and Transition (r = 0.556, p < 0.001), Emotional Support (r = 0.548, p < 0.001), and Information and Education (r = 0.517, p < 0.001), as well as with the total PCCS score (r = 0.594, p < 0.001). Weak positive correlations were also observed between the mean TNS scores and the PCCS subscales of Physical Comfort (r = 0.447, p < 0.001), Access to Care (r = 0.425, p < 0.001), and Family and Friends (r = 0.388, p < 0.001) (Table 4 ). Table 4 Correlations between the total and subscale scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale and the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire and the Trust in Nurses Scale (N = 350) Scales PSNCQQ Total TNS Total Patient Preferences r = 0.578* r = 0.551* Physical Comfort r = 0.492* r = 0.447* Care Coordination r = 0.567* r = 0.519* Continuity and Transition r = 0.557* r = 0.556* Emotional Support r = 0.569* r = 0.548* Access to Care r = 0.494* r = 0.425* Information and Education r = 0.585* r = 0.517* Family and Friends r = 0.430* r = 0.388* PCCS Total r = 0.642* r = 0.594* PCCS: Patient-Centered Care Scale; PSNCQQ: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire; TNS: Trust in Nurses Scale; r: Pearson correlation coefficient. *p < 0.001 indicates statistical significance. Based on the findings presented in Table 5 , a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables predicting the level of patient-centered care (PCCS). Variables that showed significant differences in PCCS total scores (age, place of residence, social security coverage, knowledge of the name of the nurse providing care, and trust in the nurse providing care), as well as the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS), were included in the model under the assumption that they could predict PCCS. Dummy coding was applied to categorical variables. In the model, place of residence was represented by living in a village, social security by the absence of social security coverage, knowledge of the nurse’s name by knowing the name of the nurse providing care, and trust in the nurse by reporting trust in the nurse. The Enter method was used for the analysis. The model was found to be statistically significant (F (7.342) = 48.147, p < 0.001), indicating that the independent variables collectively predicted the dependent variable, patient-centered care, at a significant level. The variables age (p = 0.921) and knowledge of the nurse’s name (p = 0.308) did not make a significant contribution to the model. In contrast, living in a village, lack of social security coverage, trust in the nurse providing care, and the total PSNCQQ and total TNS scores were identified as the strongest and statistically significant predictors of the total PCCS score. The independent variables explained approximately 49% of the total variance in patient-centered care (R²=0.486) (Table 5 ). Multicollinearity diagnostics indicated acceptable values (VIF < 5). Table 5 Multiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting Patient-Centered Care Scale, Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and Trust in Nurses Scale levels (N = 350) Model Dependent Variable: PCCS Total Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Correlations Collinearity Statistics Beta Zero-order Partial Part Tolerance VIF (Constant) 8.403 0.000 Age -0.004 -0.100 0.921 0.038 -0.005 -0.004 0.928 1.078 Place of residence (Village) 0.081 2.052 0.041 0.050 0.110 0.079 0.952 1.051 Social security (No) 0.103 2.664 0.008 0.156 0.143 0.102 0.979 1.022 Knowing the name of the nurse providing care (Yes) 0.041 1.020 0.308 0.120 0.055 0.039 0.905 1.105 Trust in the nurse providing care (Trust) 0.149 3.451 0.001 0.408 0.183 0.132 0.789 1.267 PSNCQQ Total 0.409 7.663 < 0.001 0.642 0.383 0.294 0.518 1.930 TNS Total 0.250 4.506 < 0.001 0.594 0.237 0.173 0.478 2.091 F = 48.147; p < 0.001; R 2 = 0.486, Durbin–Watson = 2.214 PCCS: Patient-Centered Care Scale; PSNCQQ: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire; TNS: Trust in Nurses Scale. Discussion Examination of the patient-centered care scale scores of the patients in the present study revealed that the overall level of patient-centered care was high. Consistent with this finding, previous studies have also reported high patient-centered care scale scores [ 26 , 31 ]. In a related study, 60.9% of patients reported receiving patient-centered care [ 32 ]. In the current study, patients aged 66 years and older were found to have higher levels of patient-centered care. Similarly, the literature indicates that patients aged 35–64 years were 61% less likely to receive patient-centered care [ 32 ]. Older patients may perceive higher levels of patient-centered care because they generally require greater support during the healthcare process and tend to be more actively involved in care planning and decision-making. In addition, nurses may adopt a more protective, attentive, and supportive approach toward older patients, which could further enhance perceptions of patient-centered care. In contrast, middle-aged patients, who are often more independent and inclined to make their own care-related decisions, may perceive the patient-centered aspects of care as less pronounced. The study also found that participants living in villages reported higher levels of patient-centered care compared with those living in districts. This finding is consistent with previous research indicating that patients residing in rural areas report higher levels of patient-centered care than their urban counterparts [ 32 ]. Individuals living in rural settings may have more limited expectations regarding healthcare services, which could lead to a more favorable evaluation of the care they receive. One of the most notable findings of this study is that patients without social security coverage reported higher levels of patient-centered care compared with those who had social security coverage. To the best of our knowledge, no direct evidence addressing this relationship has been reported in the existing literature, suggesting that this finding represents an original contribution of the present study. This result may be explained by the relatively lower expectations of patients without social security coverage, which could increase the perceived value of the care they receive. In this study, patients who knew the name of the nurse providing their care reported higher levels of perceived patient-centered care compared with those who did not. This finding suggests that familiarity between the nurse and the patient fosters a trust-based communication environment and enables patients to express themselves more comfortably. Consistent with this result, the literature indicates that patients who are familiar with their healthcare professional report higher levels of perceived patient-centered care [ 33 ]. This finding highlights that nurses’ self-introduction and the establishment of a personal connection with patients may enhance the quality of care. Furthermore, patients who reported trusting the nurse providing their care were found to have higher levels of perceived patient-centered care. This result underscores the critical role of trust in the nurse–patient relationship, particularly in terms of individualizing care and encouraging active patient participation in the care process. Similarly, previous studies have reported a significant relationship between individualized care and trust in nurses, indicating that higher care scores are associated with increased levels of trust [ 34 ]. This finding demonstrates that trust in nurses enhances the quality of patient-centered care and emphasizes the importance of strengthening trust-based communication skills among nurses in clinical practice. The mean level of patient satisfaction among the participants in this study was found to be high. Similarly, Çelik Yavuz and Abaan (2025) reported that 55% of patients were most satisfied with nurses and physicians. In the present study, patients aged 66 years and older demonstrated higher levels of patient satisfaction [ 19 ]. Consistent with these findings, previous studies have shown that patients aged 56 years and older [ 16 ] and those aged 60 years and older [ 35 ] reported higher satisfaction with nursing care. In another study, patients aged 40–60 years were found to be six times more likely to report satisfaction compared with patients aged 20 years and younger [ 36 ]. These findings may be attributed to differences in expectations between older and younger patients regarding healthcare services. However, the literature presents mixed results, with some studies reporting a decrease in satisfaction as age increases [ 12 , 37 ], while others have found no significant relationship between age and patient satisfaction [ 19 , 38 ]. Taken together, these findings suggest that patient satisfaction may vary according to age and that cultural factors and individual expectations may play a decisive role in shaping these differences. In this study, patients living in villages reported higher levels of satisfaction than those living in other residential settings. Similar findings have been reported in studies indicating higher satisfaction among patients residing in rural areas [ 16 , 39 ]. Conversely, some studies have reported higher satisfaction with nursing care among patients living in urban areas [ 35 , 37 ], while others have found no significant association between place of residence and satisfaction levels [ 40 ]. These inconsistencies may be explained by cultural characteristics, differences in healthcare delivery systems, and variability in patients’ expectations. Additionally, patients who reported trusting their nurses demonstrated higher levels of satisfaction. Consistent with this finding, Çelik Yavuz and Abaan (2025) also reported higher satisfaction rates among patients who trusted their nurses [ 19 ]. A study conducted in Nigeria revealed that satisfaction with nursing care was associated with individualized care (74.8%), nurses’ provision of reassurance (72.5%), a positive nurse–patient relationship (63.4%), and nurses’ cheerful and kind approach to care [ 41 ]. These findings indicate that trust in nurses is one of the key determinants of patient satisfaction. Therefore, enhancing nurses’ trust-based communication skills is of critical importance for both clinical practice and the development of policies aimed at improving patient satisfaction. In this study, patients’ mean trust in nurses scores were found to be high. Consistent with this finding, previous studies conducted in different patient populations have similarly reported high levels of trust in nurses [ 19 , 34 , 42 , 43 ]. In the present study, patients aged 66 years and older demonstrated higher levels of trust in nurses. Supporting this result, existing studies have shown that older patients report higher levels of trust in nurses compared with other age groups [ 42 – 44 ]. This finding may be attributed to the fact that older patients are more likely to experience multiple health problems, which increases their need for nursing care and leads to more frequent and intensive interactions with nurses, thereby strengthening feelings of trust. In the present study, patients living in villages were also found to have higher levels of trust in nurses. Although no direct evidence addressing this finding was identified in the literature, cultural respect for and attachment to healthcare professionals in rural communities may contribute to higher levels of trust among patients living in villages. Additionally, when patients were asked directly about their trust in the nurse providing care, those who reported trusting the nurse had significantly higher trust in nurses scores. The consistency between the direct trust item and the scale scores is an expected and methodologically coherent finding. The findings of the present study demonstrated that as patients’ patient-centered care scores increased, their levels of patient satisfaction also increased. Consistent with this result, the literature emphasizes that patient-centered care has a strong correlation with patient satisfaction [ 45 ]. Similarly, it has been reported that higher levels of individualized care are associated with increased satisfaction with nursing care [ 34 ]. Moreover, numerous studies have shown that as patients’ perceptions of nursing care improve, their satisfaction levels also increase [ 12 , 16 , 37 , 40 , 41 ]. These findings indicate that patient-centered care is a fundamental component that not only enhances the quality of clinical care but also strengthens patient satisfaction. Therefore, the widespread implementation of patient-centered approaches in healthcare services can be considered a critical strategy for improving patient satisfaction. In this study, a statistically significant positive relationship was found between patient-centered care and trust in nurses. Similarly, the literature reports a positive association between patient-centered care and trust [ 45 ]. Çakmak and Biçer (2024) also indicated that as patient-centered care increases, trust in the healthcare system likewise improves [ 46 ]. Furthermore, Sedighi et al. (2025) demonstrated a significant relationship between nurses’ caring behaviors and trust in nurses [ 44 ]. These findings suggest that patient-centered care not only enhances the quality of clinical care but also strengthens trust, thereby reinforcing both the nurse–patient relationship and overall trust in the healthcare system. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that living in a village, lack of social security coverage, trust in nurses, and the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) were the strongest and most significant predictors of the total Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) score. This finding indicates that patient-centered care is influenced not only by individual characteristics but also by socioeconomic conditions and trust-based relationships. Consistent with these results, previous studies have reported that patient satisfaction significantly affects patient-centered care scores [ 31 , 47 ] and that there is a positive relationship between patient-centered care and trust [ 45 , 46 ]. Taken together, these findings suggest that patients living in rural areas and those without social security coverage may have different expectations regarding healthcare services, while trust in nurses emerges as one of the most important determinants of patient-centered care. Therefore, supporting nursing practices that strengthen trust-based relationships and enhancing patient-centered care approaches for socioeconomically vulnerable groups are of critical importance for clinical practice. Limitations of the Study This study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings. First, the study was conducted in a single university hospital, which may limit the generalizability of the results to other healthcare settings or patient populations. Second, the data were collected using self-reported questionnaires, which may be subject to response bias or social desirability bias. Finally, the use of convenience sampling may limit the representativeness of the sample. Despite these limitations, the relatively large sample size and the use of validated measurement instruments strengthen the reliability of the findings. Conclusion and Recommendations This study demonstrated that patients’ levels of patient-centered care, trust in nurses, and patient satisfaction were high. The findings revealed that patient-centered care is strongly influenced by both individual factors (age, place of residence, and social security status) and relationship-based factors related to the nurse–patient interaction (trust, communication, and familiarity). Higher perceptions of patient-centered care among patients living in villages, those without social security coverage, and those who trusted their nurses indicate the significant role of socioeconomic conditions and cultural differences in shaping patient experiences. Moreover, positive and significant relationships were identified between patient-centered care, trust in nurses, and patient satisfaction, and regression analysis showed that these variables were the strongest predictors of patient-centered care. These findings underscore that trust-based communication and individualized care are critical components in enhancing both the quality of patient-centered care and patient satisfaction. Based on these results, it is recommended that educational programs aimed at strengthening nurses’ patient-centered care competencies be developed, and that trust-based communication skills be actively supported in clinical practice. Additionally, adopting institutional approaches that reinforce trust-based relationships, conducting qualitative studies to explore patients’ and nurses’ experiences in greater depth, and strengthening patient-centered care approaches for socioeconomically vulnerable groups may provide valuable guidance for the development of new strategies to enhance patient-centered care. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Selçuk University Faculty of Health Sciences Ethics Committee for Non- Interventional Clinical Investigations (Date: 25 December 2024; Approval No:2024/1283). Institutional permission to collect research data was obtained from a university hospital (Date: 14 February 2025; Reference No: E-30292447-044-956542). Voluntary patients were included in the study after providing informed consent. Permission to use the scales applied in the study was obtained from the respective authors. Consent for publication Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data (including individual details, images, or videos). All participants provided informed consent for participation. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Status of Presentation at a Conference or Symposium Our research was presented as an updated oral report on October 12, 2025, within the scope of the "International Balıkesir Congress on Academic Research in Health Sciences". Funding No financial support was received for the conduct of this research. However, a portion of the article processing charge (APC) for open access publication was covered by the Selçuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office. 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Determinants of patient-centered communication, ıts ımpact on quality of services, overall health status and trust ın the healthcare system ın the United States. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2024;11(4):630–9. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1503044 . Alsubahi N, Groot W, Alzahrani AA, Ahmad A, Pavlova M. Patient-centered care and satisfaction of patients with diabetes: insights from a survey among patients at primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. BMC Prim. 2025;26(140):1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02778-1 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9074173","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":627918500,"identity":"c87cb6fc-55d0-4fc1-a2cc-324286a269e1","order_by":0,"name":"Mine YILMAZ KOÇAK","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Selçuk University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mine","middleName":"YILMAZ","lastName":"KOÇAK","suffix":""},{"id":627918501,"identity":"d67cc2e8-f511-45a7-8d48-a3c7828d0478","order_by":1,"name":"Gamze METİNÖZ","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNCDD0DMxk6kYgkQwTgDpIWZFC3MPGCSgFJ599PJHz4wbKsz5z/++LPNr23yfMwMjB8+5uDWYngmd4PhDIbbEpYNBxKMc/tuG7YxMzBLztyGR0tD7oZkHqAWg4MNB5Jze24zArWwMfPi09L/dsPhPyAthxkbDlv23LYnqEVeIndjMwNIyzFmxmaGH7cTCWoxkHi7mbHH4LbkhjNszIy9DbeT24Ba8fpFvj9384cfFbf5Dc4ff/zhx5/btvPbmw9++IjPlgNgEspjbAOTDbjVg2xBlf6DV/EoGAWjYBSMUAAAAuZRTeBd9z0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Selçuk University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gamze","middleName":"","lastName":"METİNÖZ","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-09 14:24:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9074173/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9074173/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107706290,"identity":"c30ebfa6-a33c-40c7-b75d-02cd5ceebdb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-24 09:17:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":813083,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9074173/v1/564a3c78-0c6d-4435-8fde-7cbccaacbdf0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Examination of the Relationship Between Patient-Centered Care, Patient Satisfaction and Trust in Nurses Among Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Descriptive Correlational Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eAccording to the Turkish Language Association, care is defined as \u0026ldquo;the effort devoted to ensuring that something develops well and remains in a good condition\u0026rdquo; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. In the context of nursing, care is regarded as a holistic health service that supports individuals\u0026rsquo; physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Advances in healthcare services have transformed the understanding of care, shifting the focus from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered care approach [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. In the report published in 2001 by the Institute of Medicine (IOM), patient-centered care was defined as \u0026ldquo;care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and that ensures that patient values guide all clinical decisions\u0026rdquo; [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe patient-centered care approach emphasizes individuals\u0026rsquo; active and engaged participation within the healthcare system and encompasses empathy, advocacy, individualized decision-making, and the establishment of collaborative relationships with healthcare professionals [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) also highlighted person-centered care as an evidence-based international human right in the theme of International Nurses Day 2018 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Patient-centered care is not only an indicator of high-quality healthcare services but also a fundamental factor in achieving patient satisfaction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient satisfaction is defined as a perception that develops as a result of the interaction between patients\u0026rsquo; expectations and the care provided [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Improvements in the quality of nursing care directly increase patient satisfaction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Accordingly, the primary aim of nursing care is to meet patients\u0026rsquo; needs, to plan patient-centered care tailored to individual characteristics, to evaluate the outcomes of the care provided, and to contribute to the development of nursing policies based on the data obtained [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. The literature reports that patients generally experience high levels of satisfaction with their care and that there is a significant relationship between patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of care and their satisfaction levels [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR15\" citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Providing patient-centered care not only enhances patient satisfaction but also strengthens trust in nurses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrust is one of the cornerstones of nursing care and refers to mutual interaction and shared responsibility between the patient and the nurse [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Trust in nurses facilitates patients\u0026rsquo; participation in the care process, improves health outcomes, and contributes to patients\u0026rsquo; feelings of safety [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. Indeed, higher quality nursing care increases patient satisfaction and reinforces perceptions of trust [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this context, patient-centered care is considered to influence both patient satisfaction and trust in nurses. However, studies addressing these three variables simultaneously are limited in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationships between patient-centered care, patient satisfaction, and trust in nurses among hospitalized adult patients. The research questions were as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the level of patient-centered care among patients?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the level of patient satisfaction?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the level of trust in nurses among patients?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs there a relationship between patient-centered care and patient satisfaction?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs there a relationship between patient-centered care and trust in nurses?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhich variables predict patient-centered care?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted using a descriptive and correlational design.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Setting and Duration\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was carried out between March and July 2025 at a university-affiliated medical faculty hospital located in a province in the Central Anatolia Region of T\u0026uuml;rkiye.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Population and Sample\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study population consisted of patients hospitalized at a university hospital between March and July 2025. The sample comprised 361 patients selected from the population using convenience sampling. Based on the known mean score of the Trust in Nurses Scale (23.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5.01), a sample size calculation was performed using G*Power version 3.1.7, with a statistical power of 0.95, an alpha error of 0.05, and an effect size of 0.19, yielding a required sample size of 329 patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Considering a potential attrition rate of 10% during data collection, the target sample size was increased to 361 patients. Patients who met the inclusion criteria during the data collection period were consecutively invited to participate. During the data collection process, 11 patients were excluded due to incomplete data or withdrawal from the study, and data from 350 patients were included in the final analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInclusion and Exclusion Criteria\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eInclusion criteria\u003c/b\u003e: Patients were eligible to participate in the study if they met the following criteria: (1) being 18 years of age or older; (2) being able to communicate effectively and having sufficient literacy skills to understand and respond to the study questionnaires; (3) voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study after providing informed consent; and (4) being hospitalized in the relevant institution for at least two days during the data collection period.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients were excluded from the study if they had a diagnosed psychiatric disorder that could interfere with their ability to respond to the questionnaires or if they declined participation or requested withdrawal during the data collection process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eWithdrawal criteria\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants were withdrawn from the study if their general health condition deteriorated during the data collection process or if they reported feeling unwell and were unable to continue completing the data collection instruments.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Collection Tools\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire consisted of four sections: the Patient Information Form, the Patient-Centered Care Scale, the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and the Trust in Nurses Scale.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePatient Information Form\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Patient Information Form was developed based on a review of the relevant literature and included a total of 11 items. Seven questions addressed participants\u0026rsquo; individual characteristics (age, gender, marital status, educational level, place of residence, employment status, and social security coverage). In addition, four questions related to health status that could directly and/or indirectly affect the dependent variables were included (presence of chronic disease, length of hospital stay, and knowledge of the name of the nurse providing care) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePatient-Centered Care Scale\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS), developed by Cramm and Nieboer (2018) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e], was translated into Turkish by Kırılmaz et al. (2023) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. The scale consists of 36 items and eight subscales: patient preferences (items 1\u0026ndash;7), physical comfort (items 8\u0026ndash;12), care coordination (items 13\u0026ndash;16), continuity and transition (items 17\u0026ndash;20), emotional support (items 21\u0026ndash;24), access to care (items 25\u0026ndash;29), information and training (items 30\u0026ndash;33), and family and friends (items 34\u0026ndash;36). The scale contains no reverse-coded items. In the Turkish sample, the scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), with scores calculated according to the subscales. The Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the scale was reported as 0.961 in the Turkish validation study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present study, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.968.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePatient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ), originally developed by Laschinger et al. (2005) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e], was translated into Turkish by D\u0026ouml;nmez et al. (2022) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. The questionnaire consists of a total of 19 items and includes an additional four items that assess overall satisfaction with the care and services received during hospitalization, overall satisfaction with nursing care, and the intention to recommend the hospital to friends and relatives. The scale was adapted as a 5-point Likert-type scale, scored from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent). The final four items assessing overall patient satisfaction are not included in the total scale score. The PSNCQQ can be scored using two different methods; in this study, scoring was performed by summing the scores of all items and calculating the mean score for each patient. The scale contains no reverse-coded items. The Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the scale was reported as 0.980 in the Turkish validation study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e], while the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient in the present study was found to be 0.970.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTrust in Nurses Scale\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS), developed by Radwin and Cabral (2010) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e], was adapted to Turkish, and its validity and reliability were established by Y\u0026uuml;cel and Ay (2013) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Each item of the TNS refers to either a nursing activity or a patient perception, and the items are rated on a six-point Likert-type scale. The total score of the instrument is obtained by summing the item response scores. The minimum possible score is 5, and the maximum score is 30, with higher scores indicating a greater level of trust in nurses. The overall Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the TNS was reported as 0.950 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present study, the Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha coefficient was determined to be 0.877.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data collection process was initiated after obtaining ethical committee and institutional approval. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews from patients who met the inclusion criteria and confirmed their consent to participate in the study after reading the informed consent form. Participants were informed of the purpose of the research, that their voluntary participation was being obtained, and that they could withdraw from the study at any time.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical analyses of the data obtained in the study were performed using the SPSS 25.0 statistical software package. Descriptive data were expressed as frequencies and percentages. The normality of data distribution was assessed statistically. For the normality assumption, the Kolmogorov\u0026ndash;Smirnov test was applied (n\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;200). In addition, distribution plots and skewness\u0026ndash;kurtosis values were examined to determine conformity with normal distribution. For normally distributed variables, the Independent Samples t-test was used to compare two categorical groups, and the One-Way ANOVA test was applied for variables with more than two categories. For variables with more than two categories that did not meet the normality assumption, the Kruskal\u0026ndash;Wallis test was used. The relationships between the total and subscale scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) and the mean scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) were analyzed using Pearson\u0026rsquo;s correlation test, as the data met the normality assumption. Additionally, multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables predicting the total PCCS score, using a model constructed with variables assumed to have potential effects.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical Considerations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthical approval\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e for the study was obtained from the Sel\u0026ccedil;uk University Faculty of Health Sciences Ethics Committee for Non- Interventional Clinical Investigations (Date: 25 December 2024; Approval No:2024/1283). Institutional permission to collect research data was obtained from a university hospital (Date: 14 February 2025; Reference No: E-30292447-044-956542). Voluntary patients were included in the study after providing informed consent. Permission to use the scales applied in the study was obtained from the respective authors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe distribution of the participants\u0026rsquo; descriptive characteristics is presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Of the patients, 51.1% were aged between 42 and 65 years, 58.3% were female, 83.4% were married, and 64.0% were either literate or had completed primary education. Regarding place of residence, 48.0% of the participants lived in the city center, 76.6% were unemployed or retired, and 83.4% had social security coverage. In terms of health-related characteristics, 51.1% of the participants had a chronic disease, and 78.0% were hospitalized for 2\u0026ndash;11 days. Additionally, 52.6% of the participants reported knowing the name of the nurse providing their care, and 89.7% reported trusting the nurse responsible for their care (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of patients\u0026rsquo; descriptive characteristics (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;350)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumber (n)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u0026ndash;65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;66 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFemale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSingle\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarried\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational Level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiterate / Primary Education\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e224\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh School\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUniversity and Above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of Residence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVillage\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDistrict\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployment Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnemployed / Retired\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e268\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial Security Coverage\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e292\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of Chronic Disease\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLength of Hospital Stay (days)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u0026ndash;11 days\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e273\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 days and above\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnowledge of the Name of the Nurse Providing Care\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e184\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrust in the Nurse Providing Care\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo not trust\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUndecided\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrust\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e314\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e presents the mean scores of the total scales and subscales according to selected variables of the patients. The mean age of the participants was 52.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.12 years, and the mean length of hospital stay was 11.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.10 days. The mean total score of the Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) was 3.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65. The mean subscale scores were as follows: Patient Preferences, 4.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71; Physical Comfort, 3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80; Care Coordination, 3.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.78; Continuity and Transition, 4.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75; Emotional Support, 3.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87; Access to Care, 3.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76; Information and Training, 4.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76; and Family and Friends, 4.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86. The mean total score of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) was 3.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.82, while the mean total score of the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) was 25.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.24 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean scores of the patient-centered care scale, patient satisfaction with nursing care quality questionnaire, and trust in nurses scale according to selected patient characteristics (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;350)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD (Median)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMin\u0026ndash;Max\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.12 (56.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.00\u0026ndash;87.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength of hospital stay (days)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20.10 (5.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026ndash;180.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePCCS Total\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient Preferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Comfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCare Coordination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.78 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuity and Transition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.75 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional Support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to Care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation and Education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.76 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily and Friends\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.86 (4.00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.00\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePSNCQQ Total\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.82 (3.63)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026ndash;5.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTNS Total\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.24 (25.50)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.00\u0026ndash;30.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePCCS: Patient-Centered Care Scale; PSNCQQ: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire; TNS: Trust in Nurses Scale; Mean: Arithmetic mean; SD: Standard deviation; Min: Minimum; Max: Maximum.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparisons of the mean scores of the total scales and subscales according to participants\u0026rsquo; characteristics are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Patients aged 66 years and older had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Physical Comfort, Continuity and Transition, and Information and Education subscales, as well as a higher total PCCS score, compared with patients aged 42\u0026ndash;65 years. Similarly, the mean total scores of the PSNCQQ and TNS were higher among participants aged 66 years and older than among those aged 42\u0026ndash;65 years. Participants living in villages had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Physical Comfort, Care Coordination, Continuity and Transition, and Information and Education subscales, as well as higher total PCCS scores, compared with those living in districts. In addition, participants residing in villages had higher mean scores for Emotional Support, as well as higher total PSNCQQ and total TNS scores, compared with participants living in both districts and cities. The Access to Care subscale scores were also higher among participants living in villages and cities than among those living in districts. Participants without social security coverage had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Care Coordination, Continuity and Transition, Emotional Support, Access to Care, and Information and Education subscales, as well as higher total PCCS scores, compared with those who had social security coverage. Patients who knew the name of the nurse providing their care had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Emotional Support, Family and Friends subscales, and total PCCS scores than those who did not know the nurse\u0026rsquo;s name. When trust in the nurse providing care was examined, patients who reported trusting the nurse had higher mean scores for the Patient Preferences, Continuity and Transition, Emotional Support, Access to Care, and Information and Education subscales, as well as higher total PCCS and total TNS scores, compared with patients who reported not trusting the nurse or being undecided. Additionally, patients who stated that they trusted the nurse had significantly higher mean scores for Physical Comfort, Care Coordination, Family and Friends, and total PSNCQQ compared with those who reported being undecided. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in the total and subscale scores of the scales according to gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, presence of chronic disease, or length of hospital stay (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"13\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 889px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3. Comparison of the mean scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale, Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and Trust in Nurses Scale according to patients\u0026rsquo; descriptive characteristics (N=350)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePatient Preferences Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhysical Comfort Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCare Coordination Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContinuity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eand\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransition Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmotional Support Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAccess to Care Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformation and Education Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFamily and Friends Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePCCS Total Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePSNCQQ Total Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTNS Total Mean\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18-41\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42-65\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge; 66 years\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.11\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.16\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.266\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.039\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.77\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.307\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.014\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.964\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.94\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.19\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.042\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.556\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.80\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.82\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.894\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.11\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.89\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.11\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.614\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.028\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.91\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.794\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.453\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.177\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.043\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.54\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.53\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.543\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.030\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.89\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.63\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.05\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e3.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.343\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.036\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.882\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.89\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.106\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.84\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.91\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.359\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.01\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.914\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.94\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n 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style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.89\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.938\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.94\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.232\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.816\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n 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66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.929\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.353\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.738\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.461\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n 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valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.58\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.975\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.04\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.76\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.54\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.478\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.620\u003c/p\u003e\n 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style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026plusmn;0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026plusmn;0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.328\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.721\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.16\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.85\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.428\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.013\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u0026gt;2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n 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\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.008\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u0026gt;2,3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmployment Status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed / Retired\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.422\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.643\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.521\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.01\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.869\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.01\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.888\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.83\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.84\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.412\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.680\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.08\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.261\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.629\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.530\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.67\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.58\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.883\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.17\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial Security Coverage\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.25\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.015\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.06\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.86\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.806\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.25\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.89\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.23\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.030\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.12\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.82\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.415\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.016\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.81\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.22\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.398\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.017\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.19\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.740\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.19\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.91\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.953\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.003\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.77\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.56\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.716\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.087\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.41\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.96\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.733\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.464\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePresence of Chronic Disease\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.01\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.748\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.92\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.611\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.541\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.94\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.939\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.932\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.85\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.217\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.828\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.83\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.850\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.453\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.606\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.60\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.966\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.32\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e3.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.74\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLength of Hospital Stay (days)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;11 days\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 days and above\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026plusmn;0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.021\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.91\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.83\u0026plusmn;0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.739\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.460\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.94\u0026plusmn;0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u0026plusmn;0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.357\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.721\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.04\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.01\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.798\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.86\u0026plusmn;0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.89\u0026plusmn;0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.334\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.738\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.86\u0026plusmn;0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.91\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.548\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.584\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.99\u0026plusmn;0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u0026plusmn;0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.397\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.691\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.98\u0026plusmn;0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.12\u0026plusmn;0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.267\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u0026plusmn;0.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u0026plusmn;0.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.223\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.824\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.59\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.62\u0026plusmn;0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.263\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.793\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.98\u0026plusmn;4.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.22\u0026plusmn;4.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.422\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.673\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowing the Name of the Nurse Providing Care\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.12\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.143\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.033\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.82\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.098\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.90\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.116\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.75\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.024\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.93\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.80\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.603\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.96\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.874\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.18\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.83\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.783\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.88\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.221\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.027\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.51\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.970\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.42\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e3.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.60\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e4.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.793\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrust in the Nurse Providing Care\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo not trust\u0026sup1;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndecided\u0026sup2;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTrust\u0026sup3;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.30\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e1.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.30\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.12\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.852\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.35\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.575\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.03\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.911\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e1.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.14\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.13\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.224\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 61px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.08\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.94\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.820\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.86\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.04\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.386\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.12\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.05\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.11\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.686\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.38\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.21\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.10\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.749\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.23\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.16\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.05\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.918\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.07\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.72\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.69\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e0.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.50\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e5.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.43\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e5.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.64\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/strong\u003e3.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1,2\u0026lt;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e presents the relationships between patients\u0026rsquo; total and subscale scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) and the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS). A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between the mean PSNCQQ scores and the PCCS subscales of Patient Preferences (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.578, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Care Coordination (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.567, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Continuity and Transition (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.557, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Emotional Support (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.569, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and Information and Education (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.585, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), as well as with the total PCCS score (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.642, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In contrast, weak positive correlations were identified between the mean PSNCQQ scores and the PCCS subscales of Physical Comfort (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.492, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Access to Care (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.494, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and Family and Friends (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.430, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Similarly, statistically significant moderate positive correlations were found between the mean TNS scores and the PCCS subscales of Patient Preferences (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.551, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Care Coordination (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.519, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Continuity and Transition (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.556, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Emotional Support (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.548, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and Information and Education (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.517, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), as well as with the total PCCS score (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.594, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Weak positive correlations were also observed between the mean TNS scores and the PCCS subscales of Physical Comfort (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.447, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), Access to Care (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.425, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and Family and Friends (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.388, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelations between the total and subscale scores of the Patient-Centered Care Scale and the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire and the Trust in Nurses Scale (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;350)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScales\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePSNCQQ Total\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTNS Total\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient Preferences\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.578*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.551*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Comfort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.492*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.447*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCare Coordination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.567*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.519*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinuity and Transition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.557*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.556*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional Support\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.569*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.548*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccess to Care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.494*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.425*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInformation and Education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.585*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.517*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily and Friends\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.430*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.388*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePCCS Total\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.642*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.594*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePCCS: Patient-Centered Care Scale; PSNCQQ: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire; TNS: Trust in Nurses Scale; r: Pearson correlation coefficient. *p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 indicates statistical significance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the findings presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the variables predicting the level of patient-centered care (PCCS). Variables that showed significant differences in PCCS total scores (age, place of residence, social security coverage, knowledge of the name of the nurse providing care, and trust in the nurse providing care), as well as the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS), were included in the model under the assumption that they could predict PCCS. Dummy coding was applied to categorical variables. In the model, place of residence was represented by living in a village, social security by the absence of social security coverage, knowledge of the nurse\u0026rsquo;s name by knowing the name of the nurse providing care, and trust in the nurse by reporting trust in the nurse. The Enter method was used for the analysis. The model was found to be statistically significant (F (7.342)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;48.147, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), indicating that the independent variables collectively predicted the dependent variable, patient-centered care, at a significant level. The variables age (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.921) and knowledge of the nurse\u0026rsquo;s name (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.308) did not make a significant contribution to the model. In contrast, living in a village, lack of social security coverage, trust in the nurse providing care, and the total PSNCQQ and total TNS scores were identified as the strongest and statistically significant predictors of the total PCCS score. The independent variables explained approximately 49% of the total variance in patient-centered care (R\u0026sup2;=0.486) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Multicollinearity diagnostics indicated acceptable values (VIF\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;5).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple linear regression analysis of factors affecting Patient-Centered Care Scale, Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and Trust in Nurses Scale levels (N\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;350)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModel\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDependent Variable: PCCS Total\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandardized Coefficients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSig.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelations\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollinearity Statistics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeta\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eZero-order\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePart\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTolerance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVIF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e(Constant)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.403\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.921\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.928\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.078\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of residence (Village)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.052\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.041\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.952\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial security (No)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.664\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.008\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.979\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnowing the name of the nurse providing care (Yes)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.308\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.905\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTrust in the nurse providing care (Trust)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.149\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.451\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.408\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.789\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePSNCQQ Total\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.409\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.663\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.642\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.383\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.518\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTNS Total\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.250\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.506\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.594\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.478\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.091\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;48.147; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001; R\u003c/b\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e=\u0026thinsp;0.486, Durbin\u0026ndash;Watson\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.214\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003ePCCS: Patient-Centered Care Scale; PSNCQQ: Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire; TNS: Trust in Nurses Scale.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eExamination of the patient-centered care scale scores of the patients in the present study revealed that the overall level of patient-centered care was high. Consistent with this finding, previous studies have also reported high patient-centered care scale scores [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. In a related study, 60.9% of patients reported receiving patient-centered care [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. In the current study, patients aged 66 years and older were found to have higher levels of patient-centered care. Similarly, the literature indicates that patients aged 35–64 years were 61% less likely to receive patient-centered care [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Older patients may perceive higher levels of patient-centered care because they generally require greater support during the healthcare process and tend to be more actively involved in care planning and decision-making. In addition, nurses may adopt a more protective, attentive, and supportive approach toward older patients, which could further enhance perceptions of patient-centered care. In contrast, middle-aged patients, who are often more independent and inclined to make their own care-related decisions, may perceive the patient-centered aspects of care as less pronounced. The study also found that participants living in villages reported higher levels of patient-centered care compared with those living in districts. This finding is consistent with previous research indicating that patients residing in rural areas report higher levels of patient-centered care than their urban counterparts [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Individuals living in rural settings may have more limited expectations regarding healthcare services, which could lead to a more favorable evaluation of the care they receive. One of the most notable findings of this study is that patients without social security coverage reported higher levels of patient-centered care compared with those who had social security coverage. To the best of our knowledge, no direct evidence addressing this relationship has been reported in the existing literature, suggesting that this finding represents an original contribution of the present study. This result may be explained by the relatively lower expectations of patients without social security coverage, which could increase the perceived value of the care they receive.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, patients who knew the name of the nurse providing their care reported higher levels of perceived patient-centered care compared with those who did not. This finding suggests that familiarity between the nurse and the patient fosters a trust-based communication environment and enables patients to express themselves more comfortably. Consistent with this result, the literature indicates that patients who are familiar with their healthcare professional report higher levels of perceived patient-centered care [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. This finding highlights that nurses’ self-introduction and the establishment of a personal connection with patients may enhance the quality of care. Furthermore, patients who reported trusting the nurse providing their care were found to have higher levels of perceived patient-centered care. This result underscores the critical role of trust in the nurse–patient relationship, particularly in terms of individualizing care and encouraging active patient participation in the care process. Similarly, previous studies have reported a significant relationship between individualized care and trust in nurses, indicating that higher care scores are associated with increased levels of trust [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. This finding demonstrates that trust in nurses enhances the quality of patient-centered care and emphasizes the importance of strengthening trust-based communication skills among nurses in clinical practice. The mean level of patient satisfaction among the participants in this study was found to be high. Similarly, Çelik Yavuz and Abaan (2025) reported that 55% of patients were most satisfied with nurses and physicians. In the present study, patients aged 66 years and older demonstrated higher levels of patient satisfaction [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Consistent with these findings, previous studies have shown that patients aged 56 years and older [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e] and those aged 60 years and older [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e] reported higher satisfaction with nursing care. In another study, patients aged 40–60 years were found to be six times more likely to report satisfaction compared with patients aged 20 years and younger [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings may be attributed to differences in expectations between older and younger patients regarding healthcare services. However, the literature presents mixed results, with some studies reporting a decrease in satisfaction as age increases [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e], while others have found no significant relationship between age and patient satisfaction [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. Taken together, these findings suggest that patient satisfaction may vary according to age and that cultural factors and individual expectations may play a decisive role in shaping these differences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, patients living in villages reported higher levels of satisfaction than those living in other residential settings. Similar findings have been reported in studies indicating higher satisfaction among patients residing in rural areas [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. Conversely, some studies have reported higher satisfaction with nursing care among patients living in urban areas [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e], while others have found no significant association between place of residence and satisfaction levels [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. These inconsistencies may be explained by cultural characteristics, differences in healthcare delivery systems, and variability in patients’ expectations. Additionally, patients who reported trusting their nurses demonstrated higher levels of satisfaction. Consistent with this finding, Çelik Yavuz and Abaan (2025) also reported higher satisfaction rates among patients who trusted their nurses [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. A study conducted in Nigeria revealed that satisfaction with nursing care was associated with individualized care (74.8%), nurses’ provision of reassurance (72.5%), a positive nurse–patient relationship (63.4%), and nurses’ cheerful and kind approach to care [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings indicate that trust in nurses is one of the key determinants of patient satisfaction. Therefore, enhancing nurses’ trust-based communication skills is of critical importance for both clinical practice and the development of policies aimed at improving patient satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, patients’ mean trust in nurses scores were found to be high. Consistent with this finding, previous studies conducted in different patient populations have similarly reported high levels of trust in nurses [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. In the present study, patients aged 66 years and older demonstrated higher levels of trust in nurses. Supporting this result, existing studies have shown that older patients report higher levels of trust in nurses compared with other age groups [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e–\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis finding may be attributed to the fact that older patients are more likely to experience multiple health problems, which increases their need for nursing care and leads to more frequent and intensive interactions with nurses, thereby strengthening feelings of trust. In the present study, patients living in villages were also found to have higher levels of trust in nurses. Although no direct evidence addressing this finding was identified in the literature, cultural respect for and attachment to healthcare professionals in rural communities may contribute to higher levels of trust among patients living in villages. Additionally, when patients were asked directly about their trust in the nurse providing care, those who reported trusting the nurse had significantly higher trust in nurses scores. The consistency between the direct trust item and the scale scores is an expected and methodologically coherent finding.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings of the present study demonstrated that as patients’ patient-centered care scores increased, their levels of patient satisfaction also increased. Consistent with this result, the literature emphasizes that patient-centered care has a strong correlation with patient satisfaction [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, it has been reported that higher levels of individualized care are associated with increased satisfaction with nursing care [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, numerous studies have shown that as patients’ perceptions of nursing care improve, their satisfaction levels also increase [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings indicate that patient-centered care is a fundamental component that not only enhances the quality of clinical care but also strengthens patient satisfaction. Therefore, the widespread implementation of patient-centered approaches in healthcare services can be considered a critical strategy for improving patient satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, a statistically significant positive relationship was found between patient-centered care and trust in nurses. Similarly, the literature reports a positive association between patient-centered care and trust [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. Çakmak and Biçer (2024) also indicated that as patient-centered care increases, trust in the healthcare system likewise improves [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, Sedighi et al. (2025) demonstrated a significant relationship between nurses’ caring behaviors and trust in nurses [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings suggest that patient-centered care not only enhances the quality of clinical care but also strengthens trust, thereby reinforcing both the nurse–patient relationship and overall trust in the healthcare system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, the regression analysis revealed that living in a village, lack of social security coverage, trust in nurses, and the total scores of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire (PSNCQQ) and the Trust in Nurses Scale (TNS) were the strongest and most significant predictors of the total Patient-Centered Care Scale (PCCS) score. This finding indicates that patient-centered care is influenced not only by individual characteristics but also by socioeconomic conditions and trust-based relationships. Consistent with these results, previous studies have reported that patient satisfaction significantly affects patient-centered care scores [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e] and that there is a positive relationship between patient-centered care and trust [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Taken together, these findings suggest that patients living in rural areas and those without social security coverage may have different expectations regarding healthcare services, while trust in nurses emerges as one of the most important determinants of patient-centered care. Therefore, supporting nursing practices that strengthen trust-based relationships and enhancing patient-centered care approaches for socioeconomically vulnerable groups are of critical importance for clinical practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations of the Study\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations that should be considered when interpreting the findings. First, the study was conducted in a single university hospital, which may limit the generalizability of the results to other healthcare settings or patient populations. Second, the data were collected using self-reported questionnaires, which may be subject to response bias or social desirability bias. Finally, the use of convenience sampling may limit the representativeness of the sample. Despite these limitations, the relatively large sample size and the use of validated measurement instruments strengthen the reliability of the findings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e "},{"header":"Conclusion and Recommendations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study demonstrated that patients’ levels of patient-centered care, trust in nurses, and patient satisfaction were high. The findings revealed that patient-centered care is strongly influenced by both individual factors (age, place of residence, and social security status) and relationship-based factors related to the nurse–patient interaction (trust, communication, and familiarity). Higher perceptions of patient-centered care among patients living in villages, those without social security coverage, and those who trusted their nurses indicate the significant role of socioeconomic conditions and cultural differences in shaping patient experiences. Moreover, positive and significant relationships were identified between patient-centered care, trust in nurses, and patient satisfaction, and regression analysis showed that these variables were the strongest predictors of patient-centered care. These findings underscore that trust-based communication and individualized care are critical components in enhancing both the quality of patient-centered care and patient satisfaction. Based on these results, it is recommended that educational programs aimed at strengthening nurses’ patient-centered care competencies be developed, and that trust-based communication skills be actively supported in clinical practice. Additionally, adopting institutional approaches that reinforce trust-based relationships, conducting qualitative studies to explore patients’ and nurses’ experiences in greater depth, and strengthening patient-centered care approaches for socioeconomically vulnerable groups may provide valuable guidance for the development of new strategies to enhance patient-centered care.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Sel\u0026ccedil;uk University Faculty of Health Sciences Ethics Committee for Non- Interventional Clinical Investigations (Date: 25 December 2024; Approval No:2024/1283). Institutional permission to collect research data was obtained from a university hospital (Date: 14 February 2025; Reference No: E-30292447-044-956542). Voluntary patients were included in the study after providing informed consent. Permission to use the scales applied in the study was obtained from the respective authors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person\u0026rsquo;s data (including individual details, images, or videos). All participants provided informed consent for participation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatus of Presentation at a Conference or Symposium\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e Our research was presented as an updated oral report on October 12, 2025, within the scope of the \"International Balıkesir Congress on Academic Research in Health Sciences\".\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo financial support was received for the conduct of this research. However, a portion of the article processing charge (APC) for open access publication was covered by the Sel\u0026ccedil;uk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Office.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eConcept: MYK, GMDesign: MYKSupervision: MYKResources: GMData collection and/or processing: GMAnalysis and/or interpretation: MYKLiterature search: GMWriting: MYK, GMCritical review: MYKAll authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank all participants who contributed to this research process\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT\u0026uuml;rk Dil Kurumu Yayınları (TDK). Bakım [Internet]. 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Determinants of patient-centered communication, ıts ımpact on quality of services, overall health status and trust ın the healthcare system ın the United States. Celal Bayar \u0026Uuml;niversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstit\u0026uuml;s\u0026uuml; Dergisi. 2024;11(4):630\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.1503044\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.34087/cbusbed.1503044\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlsubahi N, Groot W, Alzahrani AA, Ahmad A, Pavlova M. Patient-centered care and satisfaction of patients with diabetes: insights from a survey among patients at primary healthcare centers in Saudi Arabia. BMC Prim. 2025;26(140):1\u0026ndash;14. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-025-02778-1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12875-025-02778-1\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Nurses, patient-centered care, patient satisfaction, trust","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9074173/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9074173/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient-centered care refers to individuals actively participating in the healthcare system, making personal decisions, and developing collaborative relationships with healthcare professionals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAim\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between patient-centered care and patient satisfaction and trust in nurses among adult patients.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethod\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study was conducted using a descriptive correlational design. The sample consisted of 361 patients hospitalized in a university hospital between March 2025 and July 2025. Eleven participants were excluded due to incomplete data collection forms or withdrawal from the study; therefore, data from 350 patients were included in the analysis. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire that included a Personal Information Form, the Patient-Centered Care Scale, the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire, and the Trust in Nurses Scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), Independent Samples t-test, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal\u0026ndash;Walli\u0026rsquo;s test, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf the patients participating in the study, 51.1% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;179) were aged 42\u0026ndash;65 years, 48.0% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;168) resided in the city center, 83.4% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;292) had social security coverage, 52.6% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;184) knew the name of the nurse providing their care, and 89.7% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;314) reported trusting the nurse responsible for their care. The mean total score of the Patient-Centered Care Scale was 3.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.65, the mean total score of the Patient Satisfaction with Nursing Care Quality Questionnaire was 3.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.82, and the mean total score of the Trust in Nurses Scale was 25.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.24. The study found a statistically significant positive correlation between patient-centered care and patient satisfaction (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.642, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), as well as between patient-centered care and trust in nurses (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.594, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings indicate that as the level of patient-centered care increases, patient satisfaction and trust in nurses also increase.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTrial registration:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Examination of the Relationship Between Patient-Centered Care, Patient Satisfaction and Trust in Nurses Among Hospitalized Adult Patients: A Descriptive Correlational Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-23 13:01:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9074173/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-06T08:16:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-30T08:26:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"235068888256277549453228490227298228451","date":"2026-04-28T07:10:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"300362853129535173407878771877108617610","date":"2026-04-23T06:20:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"49080471274667416334895435142597414716","date":"2026-04-18T02:31:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"38692589771163318103978167875326076454","date":"2026-04-16T13:00:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-15T15:36:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-18T09:44:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-16T18:00:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-16T17:59:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nursing","date":"2026-03-09T14:08:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"225d32d5-c26a-495b-bba4-21087213d619","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 23rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-06T08:16:04+00:00","index":64,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-30T08:26:44+00:00","index":63,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-23T13:01:03+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-23 13:01:03","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9074173","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9074173","identity":"rs-9074173","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}