Analysis of potential profile characteristics of clinical nurses' innovative leadership and its network relationship with innovative behavior

Analysis of potential profile characteristics of clinical nurses' innovative leadership and its network relationship with innovative behavior | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of potential profile characteristics of clinical nurses' innovative leadership and its network relationship with innovative behavior Xin Chen, Jiangtao Dong, Chengfei Ruan, Peiyao Zhu, Mingyue Wu, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170053/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background With the deepening of healthcare system reforms, innovative clinical nursing practices have become a core element for improving medical quality and meeting patients' diverse needs. While innovative leadership serves as a key competency guiding nurses in implementing innovative practices, its distribution characteristics among clinical nurses remain unclear. Moreover, the intrinsic mechanisms linking innovative leadership with nurses' innovative behaviors lack quantitative analysis. Objective This study aims to identify potential profile types of clinical nurses' innovative leadership, construct a network model of innovative leadership and innovative behavior, identify the core nodes and bridge nodes, and provide an empirical basis for improving nurses' innovative ability. Methods A convenience sampling method was employed to select clinical nurses from ten hospitals in Henan Province, China. The study utilized standardized questionnaires, including the General Population Questionnaire, Innovative Leadership Scale, and Nurses' Innovative Behavior Scale. Latent profile analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3, while single-factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed with SPSS 26.0. Network models were constructed, and centrality and stability analyses were performed using R software packages such as qgraph and bootnet. Results Clinical nurses' innovative leadership was classified into three subgroups: high-innovation ( n = 149, 14.9%), medium-innovation( n = 770, 71.0%), and low-innovation( n = 134, 14.1%). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that gender, position, technical title, working years, employment relationship, participation status of innovation training and innovative behavior were significant predictors of subgroup classification ( P < 0.05). Network analysis identified 28 positive correlations between innovative leadership and innovative behaviors, with strong connections including Gain support-Realize ideas( r = 0.75) and Inspire others-Be energetic( r = 0.66). Core nodes were Be energetic(R s =3.07) and Realize ideas(R s =2.80), while bridge nodes were Be energetic(BEI = 1.355) and Realize ideas(BEI = 1.497). Conclusions Three subgroups exist among clinical nurses for innovative leadership, Be energetic and Realize ideas are the core nodes connecting innovative leadership and innovative behavior. Nursing managers can be key targets for tailored interventions to improve the innovative ability of nurses. Trial registration Not applicable. Clinical nurses Innovative leadership Innovative behaviors Latent profile analysis Network analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 08 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 07 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 03 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Jan, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Jan, 2026 Editor invited by journal 30 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 27 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 26 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 26 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8170053","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":579203468,"identity":"cc604e0d-58f8-4bc6-9ce1-ae7ce18c8c2f","order_by":0,"name":"Xin Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xinxiang Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xin","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":579203469,"identity":"12997757-713c-4c9e-9cb7-d5071c149b64","order_by":1,"name":"Jiangtao Dong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xinxiang Medical 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behavior","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Clinical nurses, Innovative leadership, Innovative behaviors, Latent profile analysis, Network analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170053/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170053/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eBackground\u003c/b\u003e With the deepening of healthcare system reforms, innovative clinical nursing practices have become a core element for improving medical quality and meeting patients' diverse needs. While innovative leadership serves as a key competency guiding nurses in implementing innovative practices, its distribution characteristics among clinical nurses remain unclear. Moreover, the intrinsic mechanisms linking innovative leadership with nurses' innovative behaviors lack quantitative analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eObjective\u003c/b\u003e This study aims to identify potential profile types of clinical nurses' innovative leadership, construct a network model of innovative leadership and innovative behavior, identify the core nodes and bridge nodes, and provide an empirical basis for improving nurses' innovative ability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMethods\u003c/b\u003e A convenience sampling method was employed to select clinical nurses from ten hospitals in Henan Province, China. The study utilized standardized questionnaires, including the General Population Questionnaire, Innovative Leadership Scale, and Nurses' Innovative Behavior Scale. Latent profile analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3, while single-factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed with SPSS 26.0. Network models were constructed, and centrality and stability analyses were performed using R software packages such as qgraph and bootnet.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResults\u003c/b\u003e Clinical nurses' innovative leadership was classified into three subgroups: high-innovation (\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;149, 14.9%), medium-innovation(\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;770, 71.0%), and low-innovation(\u003cem\u003en\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;134, 14.1%). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that gender, position, technical title, working years, employment relationship, participation status of innovation training and innovative behavior were significant predictors of subgroup classification (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Network analysis identified 28 positive correlations between innovative leadership and innovative behaviors, with strong connections including Gain support-Realize ideas(\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.75) and Inspire others-Be energetic(\u003cem\u003er\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.66). Core nodes were Be energetic(R\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e=3.07) and Realize ideas(R\u003csub\u003es\u003c/sub\u003e=2.80), while bridge nodes were Be energetic(BEI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.355) and Realize ideas(BEI\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.497).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eConclusions\u003c/b\u003e Three subgroups exist among clinical nurses for innovative leadership, Be energetic and Realize ideas are the core nodes connecting innovative leadership and innovative behavior. Nursing managers can be key targets for tailored interventions to improve the innovative ability of nurses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTrial registration\u003c/b\u003e Not applicable.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of potential profile characteristics of clinical nurses' innovative leadership and its network relationship with innovative behavior","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-24 02:07:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8170053/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-08T12:50:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-07T10:26:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-03T19:10:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"316795473636284351050434595270871462701","date":"2026-01-29T12:56:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"9762789618433157330028653293204838658","date":"2026-01-29T03:39:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"132860501833961379289839263682694897947","date":"2026-01-24T11:28:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"318133374059238186000589960641823685765","date":"2026-01-22T20:04:28+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-22T07:43:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-30T09:58:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-27T07:46:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-26T10:05:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nursing","date":"2025-11-26T09:58:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ce89b033-eb08-4802-9649-bcf89dabda9a","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 24th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-24T02:07:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-24 02:07:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8170053","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8170053","identity":"rs-8170053","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}