Acoustic Emission Monitoring for Mechanism Interpretation and Early Warning of Pigment-Layer Degradation in Mural Heritage under Dynamic Environmental Loading

Acoustic Emission Monitoring for Mechanism Interpretation and Early Warning of Pigment-Layer Degradation in Mural Heritage under Dynamic Environmental Loading | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Acoustic Emission Monitoring for Mechanism Interpretation and Early Warning of Pigment-Layer Degradation in Mural Heritage under Dynamic Environmental Loading Zhiyong Lu, Yuanzhi Zhu, Huiyang Xiao, Jia Wang, Zhang He, Yijian Cao, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8745716/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The early mechanical damage caused by salt crystallization cycles in museum mural pigments generates weak and intermittent acoustic emission (AE) signals that are easily masked by noise. This study presents an AE-based ultra-early warning framework. Under controlled temperature--humidity cycling, AE and environmental data were synchronously collected. Asynchronous AE events and environmental series were aligned and aggregated into overlapping time windows. Multi-scale descriptors combining environmental trends, event statistics, burst features, and parameter histograms were then extracted to amplify faint precursors. The warning task was formulated as a sequence-to-future risk prediction problem, using 20 minutes of historical data to forecast high-risk AE activity within a subsequent 2 minute horizon. Warning thresholds were optimized via segment-level F$_1$-score under an explicit false-positive constraint, followed by temporal post-processing to generate coherent alarm episodes and a two-level alert scheme. A gated recurrent unit (GRU) model achieved the optimal balance of accuracy, episode recall, and alarm continuity, providing a mechanism-oriented tool for preventive protection of cultural relics. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 13 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 13 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 04 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Feb, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 03 Feb, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Feb, 2026 First submitted to journal 30 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8745716","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":586587631,"identity":"9c8910a5-4f5a-43df-a888-105bb7892bd6","order_by":0,"name":"Zhiyong Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shaanxi History Museum","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhiyong","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":586587632,"identity":"70d3684f-14ff-4661-990c-54dd856540b5","order_by":1,"name":"Yuanzhi 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