Comparison in Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behavior among the Unemployed Graduate Job Seekers in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study

Comparison in Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behavior among the Unemployed Graduate Job Seekers in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparison in Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behavior among the Unemployed Graduate Job Seekers in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study Abdul Muyeed, Md. Limon Bhuiyan, Maruf Hasan Rumi, Anup Talukder, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5699580/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the level of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior among unemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh. This study employs a cross-sectional design, utilizing a quantitative technique. A questionnaire survey was conducted to get primary data from 416 unemployed graduate job seekers through in-person and online surveys using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scales. This study used the Independent Samples t-test and ANOVA for statistical analyses to determine significant difference. This study found that unemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh frequently face stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia due to financial threats, hardships, and distress in student life. In addition, women have a higher level of depression (severe), anxiety (severe), stress (moderate) and suicidal thoughts than men. Moreover, those unemployed jobseekers that didn’t have a friendly environment in the family have experienced depression (severe), anxiety (severe), stress (moderate), clinical insomnia (moderate severity)and suicidal thoughts. Findings depict that those who are engaged, married, and divorced or widowed had a higher level of depression, anxiety, stress and suicidal thoughts than those who were single. The study will assist policymakers by providing evidence on mental health condition of the graduate students so that they could designing welfare policies for them. Mental health Graduate Jobseekers Suicidal behavior Public Policy Unemployment Introduction Mental and emotional well-being is essential for fostering healthy growth, achieving educational, social, and economic goals, and preventing both communicable and noncommunicable diseases [ 1 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) affirmed the declaration “No health without mental health” during the European Ministerial Conference on Mental Health in 2005, highlighting the essential and integral role of mental health care globally [ 2 ]. A well supported statistics aligning the declaration depicts that approximately 14% of the global disease burden attributed to mental health disorders, including depression, stress, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal thoughts [ 3 , 4 ]. However, Target 1.1 of the Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2030 anticipates that the majority of countries will have either developed or updated their mental health policy/plan in accordance with international and regional human rights instruments [ 5 ]. A range of studies were conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors leading to mental health issues so that policy makers could design effective interventions. However such factors differ from society to society and country to country [ 3 ] Mental health care is important for all demographics, but early intervention during academic years can prevent long-term issues, improve educational and life outcomes, and create a healthier workforce that enriches society and boost productivity. Globally, there has been significant expansion in access to higher education, driven by high personal and social expectations as it ensures individual prosperity and social well-being [ 6 ]. However, the rapid increase in the number of graduate students may result in unemployment, lessening wage premiums, and visible inequality among the graduates [ 7 ]. Therefore, they might experience feelings of hopelessness, emotional instability, depression and sense of apathy due to a prolonged unemployment that can also take a toll on their morale [ 8 ]. Moreover, such mental health issues can develop a vicious cycle by reducing social interaction and the opportunity to secure their future employment, leading to other personal and social challenges like family conflicts [ 9 ]. As a result, the percentage of young individuals having poor mental health has increased in recent years, exhibiting a higher incidence of mental health concerns compared to other age groups [ 5 ]. In Bangladesh, there is a higher susceptibility to mental health issues, along with an annual suicide rate of 129 per 100,000 individuals due to rapid social stratification, growing individualism, faulty education policy, corrupted and uneven distribution of wealth in the society [ 10 , 11 ]. In addition, around 9% of suicide victims in Asian countries, including Bangladesh, have at least one component linked to mental health issues [ 12 ]. Due to high power distance and collective nature of the society, students become overwhelmed by expectations and could not express their willingness to their family that lead to several mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia, leading to suicidal thoughts [ 13 , 14 ]. Studies have found a high prevalence of mental health issues among young students in Afghanistan, with 80.4% experiencing depression symptoms and 81.0% reporting mild to severe anxiety. Additionally, 49.8% reported suicidal thoughts, and 58.5% experienced poor sleep quality, highlighting significant correlations between academic achievement and mental health challenges [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. On the other hand, a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh reported that 54.3% of young job seekers experienced symptoms of depression, 64.8% experienced anxiety, and 59.0% experienced stress [ 11 ]. Additionally, a systematic review found that the pooled prevalence of insomnia among South Asian university students was 52.1% [ 19 ]. Consequently, efficient measures are necessary to develop policies in the developing countries like Bangladesh, as the perception of mental health is changing across the globe, and it has been included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [ 20 ]. Nevertheless, recent research indicates a high prevalence of mental health issues among university students, with 52.2%, 58.1%, and 24.9% experiencing moderate to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively, highlighting the need for further exploratory investigations [ 15 ]. Other studies indicate a significant correlation between suicidal tendencies and depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among university students in Bangladesh [ 17 ]. Additional risk factors for depression and anxiety include gender (with females being more vulnerable), urban residency, prior psychological or physical distress, past traumatic experiences, and a family history of mental illness. Moreover, a range of suicide-related behaviors has been found to be associated with these mental health challenges [ 18 ]. However, such previous studies in Bangladesh focused on university students, primarily examining the effects of academic and social pressures stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic on their anxiety, depression, stress levels, and suicidal behavior. To add evidence in the existing knowledge domain, this study included insomnia as a variable in its analysis, focusing on university students with unique characteristics (unemployed graduate job seekers). Method and materials Study design A cross-sectional design and quantitative technique were employed for this study. Data was collected through face-to-face and online surveys, utilizing either a Google Form or a physical form with four distinct sections. Settings and sampling The sample data was collected using convenience sampling from April 6, 2024, and June 14, 2024, from relevant online and offline groups using random sampling technique where graduate job seekers search for jobs or discuss career opportunities. The inclusion criteria for this study were participants required to have completed their undergraduate or postgraduate degrees within the past five years and are actively searching for jobs. The total samples needed for the study were calculated using Godden's formula. It allowed a 5% margin of error and a 5% significance level (α = 0.05). The value for p was counted as 50% to get the highest number of samples possible for this study. Using this formula, the study required 384 responses. The form was provided to around 450 unemployed graduates. Overall, 433 responses were obtained, of which 17 were eliminated for incompleteness. Finally, 416 responses were taken for data analysis. Instrument and data collection For collecting data physically, four out of eight administrative divisions in Bangladesh, such as Dhaka, Rajshahi, Chittagong, Sylhet using random sampling technique. The participants were given a structured questionnaire in a Google or printed form consisting of four sections. The questionnaire was distributed offline and online through Telegram, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Messenger from the list of group members. The questionnaire was prepared in English and translated in Bengali by the authors. The introductory portion of the questionnaire comprised demographic information about the unemployed students seeking jobs. The second component consisted of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21 scale), the third segment included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the last section comprised the Revised Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-R) scales. At the beginning of the survey, the participant was given a consent message summarizing the study's objective. The participants were informed that their involvement in the study was voluntary, confidential, and transparent and that they had consented. Measures Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) is a collection of three self-report scales intended to assess the states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Divided into subscales with comparable material, each of the three scales has seven items. The sum of the scores for the relevant items determines the scores for depression, anxiety, and stress. The rating scale is as follows: 0 = not at all, 1 = some of the time, 2 = good part of the time, and 3 = most of the time. Recommended cut-off scores for conventional severity labels (normal, moderate, and severe) are as follows [ 21 ]. The Cronbach's \(\:\alpha\:\:\) of this scale was determined to be 0.949, which suggests a high level of internal consistency. The value of this Cronbach's α is notably higher than in previous relevant studies within the Bangladeshi context, where the overall α = 0.919 [ 11 , 15 , 23 , 24 ] The DASS-21 scores must be multiplied by two to determine the result, as portrayed in Table 1 . After summing the scores, the degree of stress, anxiety, and depression was calculated and interpreted as: Table 1 Measurement scale Intensity Depression Anxiety Stress Normal 0–9 0–7 0–14 Mild 10–13 8–9 15–18 Moderate 14–20 10–14 19–25 Severe 21–27 15–19 26–33 Extremely Severe 28+ 20+ 34+ Source: Adapted from Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995 Table 1 : Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) assesses how severe sleep interruptions have been during the last two weeks. It consists of seven items. Each item on the five-point Likert scale calculates the overall score, indicating the severity of insomnia. It has been suggested that the optimal cut-off point for insomnia is a score higher than 14. Higher total scores indicate a worse severity of insomnia. Total scores range from 0 to 28. Respondents use Likert-type scales to rate each item on the questionnaire. Higher scores on the 0–4 scale reflect more severe symptoms of acute insomnia. If the total score is 0–7, there is "no clinically significant insomnia." 8–14 denotes "subthreshold insomnia," 15–21 "clinical insomnia (moderate severity)," and 22–28 "clinical insomnia (severe)". The above range can measure insomnia [ 22 ]. Here, the test of Cronbach's α for this scale yielded a value of 0.914, suggesting a strong level of reliability and internal consistency for the scale. Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) The SBQ-R is a four-item self-reported questionnaire that can be used to assess suicidal behavior and risk. The scale consists of four parts. In the first question, participants were asked if they had any thoughts of suicidal ideation or attempted suicide. Then, the second question was used to assess the frequency of suicidal ideation over the past 12 months. The third question examines whether the respondent said anything to anyone else about their suicidal thoughts or intentions. Finally, the fourth question evaluates the self-reported likelihood of future suicidal behavior. The SBQ-R has a total score in the range of 3 to 18. The optimal cut-off point for SBQ-R is a score higher than 7. Higher total scores indicate a high risk of committing suicide. At this point, The Cronbach's α value for this scale was 0.894, indicating a high level of reliability in the study. However, several scholars e.g. Islam et al. (2024), Mahmud et al. (2023), and Muyeed et al. (2023) utilized DASS-21, ISI, and SBQ-R in their study on the mental health of Bangladeshi people [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Data analysis A descriptive analysis of the demographic, academic, and job preference data was conducted to capture the data sample. In this study, the value of Cronbach’s α was 0.949, indicating a high internal consistency level for all variables. Ultimately, an Independent Sample t-test was utilized to compare the means of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior across genders. Additionally, ANOVA was utilized to calculate mean differences in depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior across three or more groups based on the respondents' characteristics. Informed consent of all participants were obtained prior to their involvement in this study. The ethical review committee [ERC/DP-2024/02] of the Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, ensured the study's ethical confirmation and every stage of the study was conducted following the committee's guidelines. Participants were notified that anonymized data from this study might be disseminated in academic journals and reports. Limitations Due to time and resource constrain the researchers could not cover all the administration divisions and all types of educational institutions of Bangladesh. The cross-sectional nature of the study design limits the researchers to reflect long-term trends or variations and is susceptible to prevalence-incidence bias. Another limitation of the study is respondents’ depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior measured using selective scales, a different or updated version of the scale might yield a slight change in the findings. Result Table 2 : Table 2 Demographic information of the respondents Variables Characteristic Frequency Percentage Gender Male 270 64.9 Female 146 35.1 Others 0 0 Age 20–24 162 38.9 25–29 228 54.9 30–34 26 6.2 Residential Area Rural 211 50.7 Urban 205 49.3 Friendly Family Environment Yes 326 78.4 No 40 9.6 May be 50 12.0 Relationship Status Single 245 58.9 Engaged in Relationship 101 24.3 Married 66 15.9 Monthly Family Income (Higher income/> BDT30000 161 40.1 (Middle income/BDT15000 to BDT30000) 203 48.8 (Lower income/< BDT15000 52 11.1 Source: Author’s own work Table 2 shows the demographic information of the respondents. This table shows that 64.9% of respondents are male, and 54.9% are between 25 and 29. In terms of residential areas, approximately half of the respondents belong to rural areas (50.7%). Considering the friendly family environment of the respondents, most of them (78.4%) claimed to be positive, whereas only 9.6% found it negative. Nevertheless, most respondents (58.9%) were single regarding their relationship status, and approximately half (48.8%) were from middle-income families regarding their monthly family income. Table 3 : Academic and job preferences related information of the respondents Table 3 Academic and job preferences related information of the respondents Variables Characteristic Frequency Percentage Graduating Institution Public 321 77.2 National 65 15.6 Private 26 6.3 Affiliated College under University 4 1.0 Year of Graduation 0–1 Year 61 14.7 2–3 Years 201 48.3 More than 4 Years 154 37.0 Involvement in Part-time Work Tuition 168 40.4 Other 65 15.6 None 183 44.0 Desirable Job Type First Class 177 42.5 Private 34 8.2 Any class of Govt. job 98 23.6 Any kind of job 72 17.3 Business 24 5.8 Others 11 2.6 Source: Author’s own work Table 3 demonstrates the educational qualifications and career aspirations of the respondents. The data presented in the table indicates that most of the respondents have obtained their graduate degrees from public educational institutions (77.2%), and a significant portion of them completed their degrees within a timeframe of 2 to 3 years (48.3%). Most respondents (44%) stated they were not involved in part-time work, whereas 40.4% reported tutoring. Regarding desirable jobs, most respondents (42.5%) expressed a desire for a first-class job, whereas only 5.8% of respondents chose business as their preferred option. Table 4 : Differences of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behaviour among the categories of the respondents’ characteristics Table 4 Differences of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behaviour among the categories of the respondents’ characteristics Depression Anxiety Stress Insomnia Suicidal Behaviour Variables mean SD F/t-statistic p-value mean SD F/t-statistic p-value mean SD F/t-statistic p-value mean SD F/t-statistic p-value Mean SD F/t-statistic p-value Gender Male 19.76 9.015 -2.480 0.014* 17.70 8.115 -2.672 0.008** 20.44 8.553 -2.911 0.004** 12.01 5.954 -0.690 0.491 5.80 3.663 -2.445 0.015** Female 22.03 8.735 19.96 8.474 22.93 7.931 12.44 6.162 6.73 3.848 Recent degrees Graduation 19.73 8.583 -2.966 0.003** 18.02 7.810 -1.819 0.070 20.81 7.890 -1.771 0.078 11.51 5.621 -3.245 0.001** 5.57 3.220 -4.243 0.000** Post-graduation 22.58 9.609 19.65 9.344 22.55 9.512 13.76 6.679 7.50 4.549 Attempt a job category Yes 21.02 9.198 1.544 0.123 19.13 8.513 2.306 0.022** 21.72 8.807 1.547 0.123 12.48 6.278 1.598 0.111 6.54 4.013 3.719 0.000** No 19.56 8.422 17.13 7.692 20.44 7.473 11.47 5.403 5.24 2.947 Lost the job and looking for one Yes 22.75 8.884 2.605 0.010** 21.02 8.165 3.259 0.001** 22.59 7.972 1.608 0.109 13.66 6.264 2.646 0.008** 7.90 4.408 4.442 0.000** No 19.96 8.918 17.81 8.220 20.97 8.510 11.76 5.903 5.65 3.408 Friendly Family environment Yes 19.09 8.526 23.214 0.000** 17.59 7.981 9.866 0.000** 20.36 8.163 11.473 0.000** 11.15 5.617 25.511 0.000** 5.54 3.259 21.326 0.000** No 24.35 8.214 20.70 9.098 23.15 8.113 14.55 5.538 7.53 4.273 To some extend 27.04 8.781 22.60 8.303 26.04 8.595 16.84 6.316 8.80 4.798 Relationship status Single 19.02 8.226 6.284 0.000** 17.10 7.927 6.162 0.000** 19.91 7.843 6.088 0.000** 11.66 5.669 2.140 0.095 5.41 3.204 12.098 0.000** Engaged in a relationship 22.79 9.179 20.73 8.167 23.35 8.188 13.00 6.742 7.13 4.142 Married 22.45 10.364 19.88 8.943 23.03 9.843 12.44 6.107 6.79 4.182 Divorced/Widowed 26.50 3.416 24.00 7.832 27.50 6.608 17.00 2.309 13.50 1.732 Graduating institution Public university 19.96 9.180 2.741 0.043** 18.04 8.592 1.549 0.201 20.98 8.456 1.609 0.187 12.23 5.931 1.760 0.154 5.86 3.604 4.186 0.006** National university 21.75 7.758 20.06 6.928 21.60 8.270 11.20 6.114 6.66 3.898 Private university 23.85 8.652 19.54 7.804 23.69 8.404 12.92 6.800 7.31 4.325 Affiliate college under university 27.00 4.761 22.50 5.000 27.50 3.000 17.50 4.655 11 4.830 Year passed after graduation (0-1) year 19.96 9.180 3.600 0.028** 18.04 8.592 2.292 0.102 20.98 8.456 1.836 0.161 12.23 5.931 1.874 0.155 5.86 3.604 6.003 0.003** (2–3) year 22.35 8.031 19.91 7.149 22.20 8.316 11.69 6.328 6.85 4.011 (4–5) year 27.00 4.761 22.50 5.000 27.50 3.000 17.50 4.655 11 4.830 Current part-time job Tuition 20.32 8.753 0.241 0.786 18.62 8.233 3.656 0.027** 20.96 8.670 0.320 0.726 12.86 6.346 3.826 0.023** 6.64 4.088 6.139 0.002** Other 21.23 9.231 20.77 8.527 21.91 9.384 12.94 6.044 6.82 4.046 None 20.52 9.116 17.56 8.168 21.42 7.830 11.25 5.608 5.41 3.173 Desirable job First class 18.67 8.714 4.545 0.000** 17.25 8.636 2.125 0.062 20.76 8.358 2.379 0.038** 12.01 6.331 0.888 0.489 5.60 3.539 5.029 0.000** Private 19.82 8.881 18.35 7.792 20.12 7.674 11.94 5.399 6.09 3.919 Any class of Govt. job 22.04 8.725 19.12 7.717 21.78 8.263 12.54 5.506 6.01 3.348 Any kind of job 23.89 8.384 20.83 8.200 23.75 8.525 12.86 6.438 7.99 4.564 Business 18.83 10.315 17.83 8.213 17.92 8.915 11.25 5.705 4.88 2.309 Others 21.82 9.315 19.27 8.113 21.27 8.451 9.36 5.005 6.27 3.197 Source: Author’s own work Table 4 illustrates the mean difference in depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior among the categories of the respondents' characteristics. According to the above table, there are gender differences in the intensity of depression. Female respondents have a severe depression rate. In contrast, male respondents have a moderate depression rate, which indicates that level of depression (P 0.008), stress (P > 0.004), and suicidal behavior (P > 0.015) are also prevalent in both male and female participants. The friendly family environment is one of the important factors that play a huge role in the development of numerous mental health issues for students. The above table shows that those who had a friendly environment in the family had a moderate level of depression (µ = 19.1), while those who didn't find a friendly environment (µ = 24.4) and, to some extent, a friendly family environment (µ = 27.0) had severe depression. In terms of anxiety, those who had a friendly environment in the family experienced a severe level of anxiety (µ = 17.6), while those who didn't find a friendly environment (µ = 20.7) and, to some extent, a friendly family environment (µ = 22.6) had extremely severe anxiety. Considering stress, those who had a friendly environment in the family (µ = 20.4) and those who didn't find a friendly environment (µ = 23.2) experienced a severe level of anxiety. In contrast, those who find to some extent a friendly family environment (µ = 26.0) had an extremely severe level of stress. In terms of relationships, those who were single (µ = 19.0) had a moderate level of depression, whereas those who were engaged in a relationship (µ = 22.8), married (µ = 22.5), and divorced/widowed (µ = 26.5) had a severe level of depression. In terms of anxiety, those who were single (µ = 17.1) and married (µ = 19.9) had moderate anxiety, while those who were engaged in a relationship (µ = 20.7) and divorced/widowed (µ = 24.0) had an extremely severe level of anxiety. However, recent graduates and postgraduates experienced depression (P > 0.003), insomnia (P > 0.001), and suicidal behavior (P > 0.000). Additionally, individuals engaged in part-time employment exhibited anxiety (P > 0.027), insomnia (P > 0.023), and suicidal behavior (P > 0.002). Conversely, students seeking desirable employment reported depression (P > 0.000), stress (P > 0.038), and suicidal behavior (P > 0.002). Discussions Gender Differences in Mental Health Issues In the context of mental health issues like depression, this study identified gender as a crucial factor. This study found that women have a higher level of depression than men. Women were found more susceptible to stress than men as they had emotional exhaustion, which was in accordance with the findings of Brivio [ 26 ]. Rosenfield also found that women are more disposed to mental health issues, which can be as much as two or three times more prevalent than men [ 27 ]. Due to certain changes in the sex roles, social and cultural factors, and some biological factors, women have a universally higher level of depression than men [ 28 ]. In a similar vein, the investigation revealed notable gender differences in anxiety levels among the students studied. However, gender identity didn’t make any differences regarding insomnia. Additionally, suicidal behavior is the most variable factor that fluctuates considerably with each alternative information, both personal and professional. This study found gender differences where women had a higher risk of committing suicide and men had a lower risk. The country's social and cultural context, which influences the status of women in society, is the reason for the inconsistencies in gender differences in suicidal behavior. The neglect of women's issues in Bangladesh's male-dominated society may have exacerbated the potential for mental health issues that lead to suicidal behavior [ 29 ]. Family Environment and Mental Health The family environment plays a crucial role in contributing to depression. This study found that those unemployed jobseekers that didn’t have a friendly environment in the family have a severe level of depression. Most of them lack family support, which makes them prone to emotional distress due to such an unfriendly environment [ 16 ]. In the same way, the investigation revealed notable variations in the family environment among these students’ concerning anxiety. Students residing in unhealthy family environments were found to have extremely severe anxiety, which indicates family plays a crucial role in the development of mental health issues like anxiety. Treadwell [ 30 ] also identified the family environment as a significant factor in the development of anxiety among job seekers. Furthermore, a friendly family environment influences the level of stress among unemployed students. As they continued to seek employment and remain unemployed, they required mental support from their family. However, in Bangladeshi society, they may discover an unhealthy family environment, which may result in stress [ 31 ]. In addition, this study found most of the unemployed suffered clinical insomnia due to a lack of a friendly family environment. Because they lack a job, their family environment remains unhealthy, and they mostly become stressed, which leads them to sleep disorders like insomnia [ 32 ]. A study found that the family environment is the primary factor that can either initiate or prevent suicide among unemployed [ 24 ]. Those who didn't have a friendly family environment had a higher risk of committing suicide compared to the others, as they perceived it as an attempt to alleviate intolerable mental pain due to family bonding conflicts within the family environment. Several studies have also found similar results, demonstrating that the family is the primary factor that can either initiate or prevent suicide among students [ 33 ]. Relationship Status and Mental Health This study found that the relationship status of unemployed graduate jobseekers is a critical factor that contributes to depression. Those who are engaged, married, and divorced or widowed had a higher level of depression than those who were single. The breakdown of their relationships exacerbated their depression as they developed emotional attachments to their partners [ 34 , 35 ]. Moreover, severe anxiety was also found among the graduate jobseekers that were engaged in a relationship and divorced/widowed. Due to their extreme commitment to the intimate partner, they develop a high level of anxiety whenever they engage in or divorce from the relationship [ 36 , 29 ]. Moreover, the individuals who were divorced or bereaved experienced a higher level of stress than others due to the loss of socioeconomic status and support from their partner [ 37 ]. Furthermore, the study uncovered significant differences in relationship status among these students in relation to anxiety. Moreover, this study revealed a high risk of suicide among those engaged and divorced/widowed from their partners. Different studies have also demonstrated relationship as a critical factor in the development suicidal behavior on a global scale [ 38 , 39 ]. However, the status of one's relationships did not impact on the occurrence of insomnia. Job-Related Stressors and Mental Health Unemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh frequently face stress due to unemployment. Anxiety among the graduate jobseekers in Bangladesh is also very common. Furthermore, the expectation of securing a high-profile, desirable job often leads to depression among students. Several factors, such as the scarcity of desirable jobs and the pressure to secure a job early, influence students in this country, creating significant differences in depression [ 40 ]. In developing countries like Bangladesh, insomnia is a common occurrence among unemployed job seekers. Furthermore, losing a job is always painful, as finding a job in Bangladesh is a mammoth task. As a result, those who lost their jobs and were actively seeking new ones reported experiencing insomnia compared to those who did not. In addition, having a job can also contribute to the suffering of insomnia due to the workload and job-related stress [ 41 , 42 ]. Similarly, considering anxiety, the study found significant differences in job-related desire among such students. However, the study also observed significant variations in anxiety levels among job seekers who were striving to secure employment and those who were seeking a new job after losing their previous one. They aimed to get a job due to financial threats, hardships, and distress in student life. It has been also found in similar studies on unemployed youth in Bangladesh [ 27 , 43 ]. However, in developing countries like Bangladesh, social and cultural factors such as social expectations, family pressures, and societal perception of mental health profoundly impact youth mental well-being. Moreover, high academic expectations, strong parental monitoring, and continuous comparisons with peer students place burdens on youths [ 44 ]. On the other hand, in such societies, lack of a supportive family and social environment often causes distress, prompting them to strictly follow social norms and rules, which leads to increased rigidity and decreased social interaction [ 45 ]. Additionally, stigmatization of mental illness often discourages individuals from seeking necessary support [ 46 ]. Therefore, they experience heightened levels of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior, which must be addressed by fostering a strong, supportive social environment through proper mental health service ensured by government policies. Numerous countries, including China, India, Singapore, Australia, and the United States, as well as many other lower countries, have incorporated various mental health services into their policies by ensuring availability, accessibility, increasing public awareness, and reducing stigma regarding mental health [ 47 ].Therefore, the development and enforcement of mental health policies in Bangladesh should focus on integrating mental health into education and expanding mental health services to alleviate the crisis by eliminating sociocultural barriers. Conclusion Mental health has always been a neglected issue in third-world countries like Bangladesh. Due to a lack of job opportunities in the job market, the majority of students frequently experience severe economic and social pressure shortly after graduation, which pushes them toward unemployment and substandard conditions at work. This study found that unemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh frequently face stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia due to financial threats, hardships, and distress in student life. In addition, women have a higher level of depression, anxiety, stress and suicidal thoughts than men. Moreover, those unemployed jobseekers that didn’t have a friendly environment in the family have a severe level of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia and suicidal thoughts. Findings depict that those who are engaged, married, and divorced or widowed had a higher level of depression, anxiety, stress and suicidal thoughts than those who were single. These findings illustrate a clear picture of the recent graduate students’ thoughts and well-being. Policymakers should think before it gets too late when our career frustrated graduates will start to question the government on their commitment towards job creation and other irregularities as well as weaken their hold from society. It’s their responsibility to frame a policy for effective industry-academia collaboration and ensure fair employment opportunities based on the merit of the graduates. They should also keep it in their mind that mental health issues of the graduates are not merely their personal problem rather they have become a common social issue which needs to be addressed to support our brilliant minds and encourage them to be productive. In addition, the education and health ministry should jointly design several seminars on mental health awareness and design counselling sessions in the educational institutes to save them from unusual mental issues and utilize their potentiality at fullest. Future researchers might attempt to perform the longitudinal study for assessing the long-term mental health patterns among unemployed graduate people, comparison between unemployed and employed mental health condition, and also assess social and psychological factors influencing depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior. Declarations Funding: The authors did not receive any financial support or specific grant for the study from any funding source. Conflicts of Interest of each author/ contributor: the authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data Availability statement: Data will be made available on request. Consent to participate declaration: Verbal & written consent was taken from the participant. Consent to publish declaration: We affirm that the work is original and no part of the work infringes on the rights of others. References Jenkins R, Baingana F, Ahmad R, McDaid D, Atun R. Mental health and the global agenda: core conceptual issues. Ment Health Fam Med. 2011 Jun;8(2):69-82. PMID: 22654969; PMCID: PMC3178188. World Health Organization Regional Office for. Mental health: facing the challenges, building solutions: report from the WHO European Ministerial Conference [Internet]. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2005 [cited 2024 Dec 23]. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/326566 Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips MR, Rahman A. No health without mental health. Lancet. 2007 Sep 8;370(9590):859–77. Vigo D, Thornicroft G, Atun R. Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Feb;3(2):171–8. WHO. Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2030. World Health Organization; 2021. Grubb WN, Lazerson M. The Education Gospel: The Economic Power of Schooling [Internet]. Harvard University Press; 2004 [cited 2025 Feb 22]. Available from: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1pncrhb Brown P, Lauder H, Ashton D. 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Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine. 2001 Jul 1;2(4):297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-9457(00)00065-4 Islam, A. M., Ahmed, K. T., Raihan, M. A., Ahmed, T., Hossain, M. S., Eshad, M. K. A., ... & Siraj, M. A. (2024). COVID-19’s myths, facts, concerning and obstinate posts on social network, and the mental health status of social network users in Bangladesh. PLOS Mental Health , 1 (1), e0000014. Mahmud, S., Mohsin, M., Muyeed, A., Nazneen, S., Sayed, M. A., Murshed, N., ... & Islam, A. (2023). Machine learning approaches for predicting suicidal behaviors among university students in bangladesh during the covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Medicine , 102 (28), e34285. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmen.0000014 Muyeed, A., Mohsin, M., Alam, M. B., Mahmud, S., Hossain, M. N., Khatun, M. M., & Mamduda, N. N. (2023). Suicidal Behaviors and Emotional Distress among University Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-sectional Study in Bangladesh.https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3010673/v1 Brivio E, Lopez JP, Chen A. Sex differences: Transcriptional signatures of stress exposure in male and female brains. Genes Brain Behav. 2020 Mar;19(3):e12643. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12643 Rosenfield, S., & Mouzon, D. (2013). Gender and mental health. Handbook of the sociology of mental health , 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_14 Parker, G., & Brotchie, H. (2010). Gender differences in depression. International review of psychiatry , 22 (5), 429-436. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2010.492391 Tasfi, J. T., & Mostofa, S. M. (2024). Understanding complex causes of suicidal behaviour among graduates in Bangladesh. BMC public health , 24 (1), 560. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17989-x Treadwell KRH. Family Factors in the Development and Management of Anxiety Disorders. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2024 Dec;47(4):787–800. Mamun MA, Akter S, Hossain I, Faisal MTH, Rahman MA, Arefin A, Khan I, Hossain L, Haque MA, Hossain S, Hossain M, Sikder MT, Kircaburun K, Griffiths MD. Financial threat, hardship and distress predict depression, anxiety and stress among the unemployed youths: A Bangladeshi multi-city study. J Affect Disord. 2020 Nov 1;276:1149–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.075 Baglioni C, Tang NKY, Johann AF, Altena E, Bramante A, Riemann D, Palagini L. Insomnia and poor sleep quality during peripartum: a family issue with potential long-term consequences on mental health. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Dec;35(23):4534–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1854718 Wagner, B. M. (1997). Family risk factors for child and adolescent suicidal behavior. Psychological bulletin , 121 (2), 246. Cavapozzi D, Fiore S, Pasini G. Divorce and well-being. Disentangling the role of stress and socio economic status. The Journal of the Economics of Ageing [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Dec 23];16(C). Available from: https://ideas.repec.org//a/eee/joecag/v16y2020ics2212828x19300994.html Arafat SMY, Saleem T, Edwards TM, Ali SA, Khan MM. Suicide prevention in Bangladesh: The role of family. Brain Behav. 2022 Apr 10;12(5):e2562. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.2562 Ulya, R., Pratama, M. F., & Chusairi, A. (2023). The role of duration of dating on anxiety and commitment in early adulthood. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan , 11 (2), 112-118. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v11i2.26346 Yasmin MF, Hoque M, Tannu SI, Borhan TA, Yasmin MF, Hoque M, Tannu SI, Borhan TA. Anxiety, mental pressure and stress frequency among Bangladeshi university students: A questionnaire stud. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2024;26(1):283–90. Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Al-Halabí, S., Pérez-Albéniz, A., & Debbané, M. (2022). Risk and protective factors in adolescent suicidal behaviour: A network analysis. International journal of environmental research and public health , 19 (3), 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031784 Fleischmann, A. (2003). Suicidal behavior in a global public health perspective. International Journal of Mental Health , 32 (1), 67-78. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2003.11449580 Paul, K. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational behavior , 74 (3), 264-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.01.001 Maeda M, Filomeno R, Kawata Y, Sato T, Maruyama K, Wada H, Ikeda A, Iso H, Tanigawa T. Association between unemployment and insomnia-related symptoms based on the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions: a large cross-sectional Japanese population survey. Ind Health. 2019 Nov;57(6):701–10. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2018-0031 Rahman F, Dalal K, Hasan M, Islam T, Tuli SN, Akter A, Tanvir KM, Islam K, Rahman A, Nabi MH, Rahman ML, Hossain Hawlader MD. Insomnia and job stressors among healthcare workers who served COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023 May 23;23(1):523. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09464-x Rafi, M. A., Mamun, M. A., Hsan, K., Hossain, M., & Gozal, D. (2019). Psychological implications of unemployment among Bangladesh Civil Service job seekers: a pilot study. Frontiers in psychiatry , 10 , 578. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00578 Hossain, S., Anjum, A., Uddin, M. E., Rahman, M. A., & Hossain, M. F. (2019). Impacts of socio-cultural environment and lifestyle factors on the psychological health of university students in Bangladesh: a longitudinal study. Journal of affective disorders , 256 , 393-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.001 Hofstede, G. (2007). A European in Asia. Asian Journal of Social Psychology , 10 (1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2006.00206.x Shohel, T.A., Nasrin, N., Farjana, F. et al. ‘ He was a brilliant student but became mad like his grandfather’ : an exploratory investigation on the social perception and stigma against individuals living with mental health problems in Bangladesh. BMC Psychiatry 22 , 702 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04359-3 Koly, K. N., Saba, J., Muzaffar, R., Modasser, R. B., Colon-Cabrera, D., & Warren, N. (2022). Exploring the potential of delivering mental health care services using digital technologies in Bangladesh: A qualitative analysis. Internet Interventions , 29 , 100544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100544 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Limon Bhuiyan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Dhaka","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md.","middleName":"Limon","lastName":"Bhuiyan","suffix":""},{"id":448444090,"identity":"7d752a13-b6cc-467b-a7d7-2ff929a9f074","order_by":2,"name":"Maruf Hasan Rumi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCygYYy8CGEcxmbGDGr+UsQksayVoYDhPWott+9pnEwR129vyze59J3Sg4L7vhAPPDD4w7rHFqMTuTbiZx8Exy4ow7x82kcwxuG284wGYswXgmHbeWA2ls0h/bmBMYbgAZQC2JGw4wmDEwth3GreX8MzaJg2319vIQLeeAWti/4dcCVAnUcphxA0TLAaAWHgK23HjGbHGw7XjixhtpzNY5BsnGMw/zFEsk4vPL+TTGGwfbqu3lbqQx3s75Yyfbd7x944ePeEIMCwDFSAIpGkbBKBgFo2AUYAAAFhtZLC6eCWIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Dhaka","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maruf","middleName":"Hasan","lastName":"Rumi","suffix":""},{"id":448444091,"identity":"e09b3f7a-ba08-4f50-bca5-d11423a8e68f","order_by":3,"name":"Anup Talukder","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anup","middleName":"","lastName":"Talukder","suffix":""},{"id":448444092,"identity":"f849dda1-0399-47b4-9381-0872597c77bd","order_by":4,"name":"Ratul Rahman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ratul","middleName":"","lastName":"Rahman","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-12-23 12:23:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5699580/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5699580/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81528670,"identity":"c6114f21-06f1-481c-8923-f89802a7468d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-28 09:11:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1252644,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5699580/v1/86388f9a-3fa2-463c-b9b4-a934e7cd2852.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Comparison in Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behavior among the Unemployed Graduate Job Seekers in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eMental and emotional well-being is essential for fostering healthy growth, achieving educational, social, and economic goals, and preventing both communicable and noncommunicable diseases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The World Health Organization (WHO) affirmed the declaration \u0026ldquo;No health without mental health\u0026rdquo; during the European Ministerial Conference on Mental Health in 2005, highlighting the essential and integral role of mental health care globally [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. A well supported statistics aligning the declaration depicts that approximately 14% of the global disease burden attributed to mental health disorders, including depression, stress, anxiety, insomnia, and suicidal thoughts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. However, Target 1.1 of the Mental Health Action Plan 2013\u0026ndash;2030 anticipates that the majority of countries will have either developed or updated their mental health policy/plan in accordance with international and regional human rights instruments [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. A range of studies were conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors leading to mental health issues so that policy makers could design effective interventions. However such factors differ from society to society and country to country [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMental health care is important for all demographics, but early intervention during academic years can prevent long-term issues, improve educational and life outcomes, and create a healthier workforce that enriches society and boost productivity. Globally, there has been significant expansion in access to higher education, driven by high personal and social expectations as it ensures individual prosperity and social well-being [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the rapid increase in the number of graduate students may result in unemployment, lessening wage premiums, and visible inequality among the graduates [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, they might experience feelings of hopelessness, emotional instability, depression and sense of apathy due to a prolonged unemployment that can also take a toll on their morale [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, such mental health issues can develop a vicious cycle by reducing social interaction and the opportunity to secure their future employment, leading to other personal and social challenges like family conflicts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. As a result, the percentage of young individuals having poor mental health has increased in recent years, exhibiting a higher incidence of mental health concerns compared to other age groups [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Bangladesh, there is a higher susceptibility to mental health issues, along with an annual suicide rate of 129 per 100,000 individuals due to rapid social stratification, growing individualism, faulty education policy, corrupted and uneven distribution of wealth in the society [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, around 9% of suicide victims in Asian countries, including Bangladesh, have at least one component linked to mental health issues [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Due to high power distance and collective nature of the society, students become overwhelmed by expectations and could not express their willingness to their family that lead to several mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia, leading to suicidal thoughts [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies have found a high prevalence of mental health issues among young students in Afghanistan, with 80.4% experiencing depression symptoms and 81.0% reporting mild to severe anxiety. Additionally, 49.8% reported suicidal thoughts, and 58.5% experienced poor sleep quality, highlighting significant correlations between academic achievement and mental health challenges [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. On the other hand, a cross-sectional study in Bangladesh reported that 54.3% of young job seekers experienced symptoms of depression, 64.8% experienced anxiety, and 59.0% experienced stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, a systematic review found that the pooled prevalence of insomnia among South Asian university students was 52.1% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Consequently, efficient measures are necessary to develop policies in the developing countries like Bangladesh, as the perception of mental health is changing across the globe, and it has been included in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNevertheless, recent research indicates a high prevalence of mental health issues among university students, with 52.2%, 58.1%, and 24.9% experiencing moderate to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively, highlighting the need for further exploratory investigations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Other studies indicate a significant correlation between suicidal tendencies and depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among university students in Bangladesh [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Additional risk factors for depression and anxiety include gender (with females being more vulnerable), urban residency, prior psychological or physical distress, past traumatic experiences, and a family history of mental illness. Moreover, a range of suicide-related behaviors has been found to be associated with these mental health challenges [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. However, such previous studies in Bangladesh focused on university students, primarily examining the effects of academic and social pressures stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic on their anxiety, depression, stress levels, and suicidal behavior. To add evidence in the existing knowledge domain, this study included insomnia as a variable in its analysis, focusing on university students with unique characteristics (unemployed graduate job seekers).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Method and materials","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStudy design\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional design and quantitative technique were employed for this study. Data was collected through face-to-face and online surveys, utilizing either a Google Form or a physical form with four distinct sections.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSettings and sampling\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample data was collected using convenience sampling from April 6, 2024, and June 14, 2024, from relevant online and offline groups using random sampling technique where graduate job seekers search for jobs or discuss career opportunities. The inclusion criteria for this study were participants required to have completed their undergraduate or postgraduate degrees within the past five years and are actively searching for jobs. The total samples needed for the study were calculated using Godden\u0026apos;s formula. It allowed a 5% margin of error and a 5% significance level (\u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05). The value for p was counted as 50% to get the highest number of samples possible for this study. Using this formula, the study required 384 responses. The form was provided to around 450 unemployed graduates. Overall, 433 responses were obtained, of which 17 were eliminated for incompleteness. Finally, 416 responses were taken for data analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eInstrument and data collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor collecting data physically, four out of eight administrative divisions in Bangladesh, such as Dhaka, Rajshahi, Chittagong, Sylhet using random sampling technique. The participants were given a structured questionnaire in a Google or printed form consisting of four sections. The questionnaire was distributed offline and online through Telegram, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Messenger from the list of group members. The questionnaire was prepared in English and translated in Bengali by the authors. The introductory portion of the questionnaire comprised demographic information about the unemployed students seeking jobs. The second component consisted of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS-21 scale), the third segment included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the last section comprised the Revised Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-R) scales. At the beginning of the survey, the participant was given a consent message summarizing the study\u0026apos;s objective. The participants were informed that their involvement in the study was voluntary, confidential, and transparent and that they had consented.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMeasures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eDepression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21)\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) is a collection of three self-report scales intended to assess the states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Divided into subscales with comparable material, each of the three scales has seven items. The sum of the scores for the relevant items determines the scores for depression, anxiety, and stress. The rating scale is as follows: 0\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;not at all, 1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;some of the time, 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;good part of the time, and 3\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;most of the time. Recommended cut-off scores for conventional severity labels (normal, moderate, and severe) are as follows [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The Cronbach\u0026apos;s \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:\\alpha\\:\\:\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eof this scale was determined to be 0.949, which suggests a high level of internal consistency. The value of this Cronbach\u0026apos;s \u0026alpha; is notably higher than in previous relevant studies within the Bangladeshi context, where the overall \u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.919 [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe DASS-21 scores must be multiplied by two to determine the result, as portrayed in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. After summing the scores, the degree of stress, anxiety, and depression was calculated and interpreted as:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMeasurement scale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntensity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnxiety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStress\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMild\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u0026ndash;20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u0026ndash;14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u0026ndash;25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSevere\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u0026ndash;27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u0026ndash;33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExtremely Severe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eSource: Adapted from Lovibond \u0026amp; Lovibond, 1995\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eInsomnia Severity Index (ISI)\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) assesses how severe sleep interruptions have been during the last two weeks. It consists of seven items. Each item on the five-point Likert scale calculates the overall score, indicating the severity of insomnia. It has been suggested that the optimal cut-off point for insomnia is a score higher than 14. Higher total scores indicate a worse severity of insomnia. Total scores range from 0 to 28. Respondents use Likert-type scales to rate each item on the questionnaire. Higher scores on the 0\u0026ndash;4 scale reflect more severe symptoms of acute insomnia. If the total score is 0\u0026ndash;7, there is \u0026quot;no clinically significant insomnia.\u0026quot; 8\u0026ndash;14 denotes \u0026quot;subthreshold insomnia,\u0026quot; 15\u0026ndash;21 \u0026quot;clinical insomnia (moderate severity),\u0026quot; and 22\u0026ndash;28 \u0026quot;clinical insomnia (severe)\u0026quot;. The above range can measure insomnia [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Here, the test of Cronbach\u0026apos;s \u0026alpha; for this scale yielded a value of 0.914, suggesting a strong level of reliability and internal consistency for the scale.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSuicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R)\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe SBQ-R is a four-item self-reported questionnaire that can be used to assess suicidal behavior and risk. The scale consists of four parts. In the first question, participants were asked if they had any thoughts of suicidal ideation or attempted suicide. Then, the second question was used to assess the frequency of suicidal ideation over the past 12 months. The third question examines whether the respondent said anything to anyone else about their suicidal thoughts or intentions. Finally, the fourth question evaluates the self-reported likelihood of future suicidal behavior. The SBQ-R has a total score in the range of 3 to 18. The optimal cut-off point for SBQ-R is a score higher than 7. Higher total scores indicate a high risk of committing suicide. At this point, The Cronbach\u0026apos;s \u0026alpha; value for this scale was 0.894, indicating a high level of reliability in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, several scholars e.g. Islam et al. (2024), Mahmud et al. (2023), and Muyeed et al. (2023) utilized DASS-21, ISI, and SBQ-R in their study on the mental health of Bangladeshi people [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA descriptive analysis of the demographic, academic, and job preference data was conducted to capture the data sample. In this study, the value of Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s \u0026alpha; was 0.949, indicating a high internal consistency level for all variables. Ultimately, an Independent Sample t-test was utilized to compare the means of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior across genders. Additionally, ANOVA was utilized to calculate mean differences in depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior across three or more groups based on the respondents\u0026apos; characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInformed consent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eof all participants were obtained prior to their involvement in this study. The ethical review committee [ERC/DP-2024/02] of the Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, ensured the study\u0026apos;s ethical confirmation and every stage of the study was conducted following the committee\u0026apos;s guidelines. Participants were notified that anonymized data from this study might be disseminated in academic journals and reports.\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDue to time and resource constrain the researchers could not cover all the administration divisions and all types of educational institutions of Bangladesh. The cross-sectional nature of the study design limits the researchers to reflect long-term trends or variations and is susceptible to prevalence-incidence bias. Another limitation of the study is respondents\u0026rsquo; depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior measured using selective scales, a different or updated version of the scale might yield a slight change in the findings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"},{"header":"Result","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDemographic information of the respondents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidential Area\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRural\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e211\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrban\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e205\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFriendly Family Environment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMay be\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRelationship Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEngaged in Relationship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonthly Family Income\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Higher income/\u0026gt; BDT30000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Middle income/BDT15000 to BDT30000)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(Lower income/\u0026lt; BDT15000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eSource: Author\u0026rsquo;s own work\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows the demographic information of the respondents. This table shows that 64.9% of respondents are male, and 54.9% are between 25 and 29. In terms of residential areas, approximately half of the respondents belong to rural areas (50.7%). Considering the friendly family environment of the respondents, most of them (78.4%) claimed to be positive, whereas only 9.6% found it negative. Nevertheless, most respondents (58.9%) were single regarding their relationship status, and approximately half (48.8%) were from middle-income families regarding their monthly family income.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eAcademic and job preferences related information of the respondents\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcademic and job preferences related information of the respondents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCharacteristic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraduating Institution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e321\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNational\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAffiliated College under University\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear of Graduation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;1 Year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u0026ndash;3 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMore than 4 Years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInvolvement in Part-time Work\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTuition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDesirable Job Type\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst Class\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAny class of Govt. job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAny kind of job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBusiness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eSource: Author\u0026rsquo;s own work\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e demonstrates the educational qualifications and career aspirations of the respondents. The data presented in the table indicates that most of the respondents have obtained their graduate degrees from public educational institutions (77.2%), and a significant portion of them completed their degrees within a timeframe of 2 to 3 years (48.3%). Most respondents (44%) stated they were not involved in part-time work, whereas 40.4% reported tutoring. Regarding desirable jobs, most respondents (42.5%) expressed a desire for a first-class job, whereas only 5.8% of respondents chose business as their preferred option.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eDifferences of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behaviour among the categories of the respondents\u0026rsquo; characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifferences of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behaviour among the categories of the respondents\u0026rsquo; characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepression\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnxiety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStress\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsomnia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSuicidal Behaviour\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF/t-statistic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF/t-statistic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF/t-statistic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF/t-statistic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF/t-statistic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGender\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.480\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.014*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.115\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.672\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.553\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.911\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.954\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.690\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.491\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.663\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.735\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.474\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.931\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.848\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecent degrees\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraduation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.583\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.966\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.810\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.819\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.890\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.771\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.621\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4.243\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost-graduation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.609\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.344\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.512\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.679\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.549\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttempt a job category\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.198\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.544\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.513\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.306\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.022**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.807\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.547\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.123\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.278\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.598\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.719\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.422\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.692\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.473\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLost the job and looking for one\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.884\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.165\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.259\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.972\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.608\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.646\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.408\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.442\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.918\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.510\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.903\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.408\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFriendly Family environment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.526\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.981\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.866\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.473\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.617\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.511\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.259\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.098\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.538\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTo some extend\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.781\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.303\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.595\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.798\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelationship status\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.284\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.927\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.162\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.843\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.669\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.095\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.098\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEngaged in a relationship\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.742\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.364\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.943\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.843\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced/Widowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.416\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.832\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.608\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.309\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGraduating institution\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublic university\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.741\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.592\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.549\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.609\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.187\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.931\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.760\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.154\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.604\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.186\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNational university\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.758\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.928\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.898\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate university\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.652\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.804\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.404\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAffiliate college under university\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.761\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.655\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.830\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear passed after graduation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-1) year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.028**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.592\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.292\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.836\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.931\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.874\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.604\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(2\u0026ndash;3) year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.031\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.149\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.316\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.328\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(4\u0026ndash;5) year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.761\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.655\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.830\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurrent part-time job\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTuition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.753\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.241\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.786\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.233\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.656\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.027**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.670\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.320\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.726\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.346\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.826\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.023**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.139\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.231\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.527\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.046\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.830\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.608\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.173\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesirable job\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFirst class\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.714\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.636\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.358\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.888\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.539\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.881\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.792\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.399\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.919\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAny class of Govt. job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.717\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.263\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.506\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.348\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAny kind of job\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.384\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.525\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.438\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.564\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBusiness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.315\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.915\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.705\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.309\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.315\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.451\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.197\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"21\"\u003eSource: Author\u0026rsquo;s own work\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e illustrates the mean difference in depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior among the categories of the respondents\u0026apos; characteristics. According to the above table, there are gender differences in the intensity of depression. Female respondents have a severe depression rate. In contrast, male respondents have a moderate depression rate, which indicates that level of depression (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.014) can be significantly different between male and female students. However, other mental health issues such as anxiety (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.008), stress (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.004), and suicidal behavior (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.015) are also prevalent in both male and female participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe friendly family environment is one of the important factors that play a huge role in the development of numerous mental health issues for students. The above table shows that those who had a friendly environment in the family had a moderate level of depression (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19.1), while those who didn\u0026apos;t find a friendly environment (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;24.4) and, to some extent, a friendly family environment (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;27.0) had severe depression. In terms of anxiety, those who had a friendly environment in the family experienced a severe level of anxiety (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;17.6), while those who didn\u0026apos;t find a friendly environment (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20.7) and, to some extent, a friendly family environment (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22.6) had extremely severe anxiety. Considering stress, those who had a friendly environment in the family (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20.4) and those who didn\u0026apos;t find a friendly environment (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;23.2) experienced a severe level of anxiety. In contrast, those who find to some extent a friendly family environment (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;26.0) had an extremely severe level of stress.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIn terms of relationships, those who were single (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19.0) had a moderate level of depression, whereas those who were engaged in a relationship (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22.8), married (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;22.5), and divorced/widowed (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;26.5) had a severe level of depression. In terms of anxiety, those who were single (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;17.1) and married (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19.9) had moderate anxiety, while those who were engaged in a relationship (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20.7) and divorced/widowed (\u0026micro;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;24.0) had an extremely severe level of anxiety.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHowever, recent graduates and postgraduates experienced depression (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.003), insomnia (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and suicidal behavior (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.000). Additionally, individuals engaged in part-time employment exhibited anxiety (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.027), insomnia (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.023), and suicidal behavior (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.002). Conversely, students seeking desirable employment reported depression (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.000), stress (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.038), and suicidal behavior (P\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.002).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussions","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGender Differences in Mental Health Issues\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the context of mental health issues like depression, this study identified gender as a crucial factor. This study found that women have a higher level of depression than men. Women were found more susceptible to stress than men as they had emotional exhaustion, which was in accordance with the findings of Brivio [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Rosenfield also found that women are more disposed to mental health issues, which can be as much as two or three times more prevalent than men [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Due to certain changes in the sex roles, social and cultural factors, and some biological factors, women have a universally higher level of depression than men [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. In a similar vein, the investigation revealed notable gender differences in anxiety levels among the students studied. However, gender identity didn\u0026rsquo;t make any differences regarding insomnia. Additionally, suicidal behavior is the most variable factor that fluctuates considerably with each alternative information, both personal and professional. This study found gender differences where women had a higher risk of committing suicide and men had a lower risk. The country's social and cultural context, which influences the status of women in society, is the reason for the inconsistencies in gender differences in suicidal behavior. The neglect of women's issues in Bangladesh's male-dominated society may have exacerbated the potential for mental health issues that lead to suicidal behavior [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFamily Environment and Mental Health\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe family environment plays a crucial role in contributing to depression. This study found that those unemployed jobseekers that didn\u0026rsquo;t have a friendly environment in the family have a severe level of depression. Most of them lack family support, which makes them prone to emotional distress due to such an unfriendly environment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. In the same way, the investigation revealed notable variations in the family environment among these students\u0026rsquo; concerning anxiety. Students residing in unhealthy family environments were found to have extremely severe anxiety, which indicates family plays a crucial role in the development of mental health issues like anxiety. Treadwell [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] also identified the family environment as a significant factor in the development of anxiety among job seekers. Furthermore, a friendly family environment influences the level of stress among unemployed students. As they continued to seek employment and remain unemployed, they required mental support from their family. However, in Bangladeshi society, they may discover an unhealthy family environment, which may result in stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, this study found most of the unemployed suffered clinical insomnia due to a lack of a friendly family environment. Because they lack a job, their family environment remains unhealthy, and they mostly become stressed, which leads them to sleep disorders like insomnia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. A study found that the family environment is the primary factor that can either initiate or prevent suicide among unemployed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Those who didn't have a friendly family environment had a higher risk of committing suicide compared to the others, as they perceived it as an attempt to alleviate intolerable mental pain due to family bonding conflicts within the family environment. Several studies have also found similar results, demonstrating that the family is the primary factor that can either initiate or prevent suicide among students [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRelationship Status and Mental Health\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study found that the relationship status of unemployed graduate jobseekers is a critical factor that contributes to depression. Those who are engaged, married, and divorced or widowed had a higher level of depression than those who were single. The breakdown of their relationships exacerbated their depression as they developed emotional attachments to their partners [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, severe anxiety was also found among the graduate jobseekers that were engaged in a relationship and divorced/widowed. Due to their extreme commitment to the intimate partner, they develop a high level of anxiety whenever they engage in or divorce from the relationship [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, the individuals who were divorced or bereaved experienced a higher level of stress than others due to the loss of socioeconomic status and support from their partner [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, the study uncovered significant differences in relationship status among these students in relation to anxiety. Moreover, this study revealed a high risk of suicide among those engaged and divorced/widowed from their partners. Different studies have also demonstrated relationship as a critical factor in the development suicidal behavior on a global scale [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the status of one's relationships did not impact on the occurrence of insomnia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eJob-Related Stressors and Mental Health\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh frequently face stress due to unemployment. Anxiety among the graduate jobseekers in Bangladesh is also very common. Furthermore, the expectation of securing a high-profile, desirable job often leads to depression among students. Several factors, such as the scarcity of desirable jobs and the pressure to secure a job early, influence students in this country, creating significant differences in depression [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e]. In developing countries like Bangladesh, insomnia is a common occurrence among unemployed job seekers. Furthermore, losing a job is always painful, as finding a job in Bangladesh is a mammoth task. As a result, those who lost their jobs and were actively seeking new ones reported experiencing insomnia compared to those who did not. In addition, having a job can also contribute to the suffering of insomnia due to the workload and job-related stress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, considering anxiety, the study found significant differences in job-related desire among such students. However, the study also observed significant variations in anxiety levels among job seekers who were striving to secure employment and those who were seeking a new job after losing their previous one. They aimed to get a job due to financial threats, hardships, and distress in student life. It has been also found in similar studies on unemployed youth in Bangladesh [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, in developing countries like Bangladesh, social and cultural factors such as social expectations, family pressures, and societal perception of mental health profoundly impact youth mental well-being. Moreover, high academic expectations, strong parental monitoring, and continuous comparisons with peer students place burdens on youths [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e]. On the other hand, in such societies, lack of a supportive family and social environment often causes distress, prompting them to strictly follow social norms and rules, which leads to increased rigidity and decreased social interaction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, stigmatization of mental illness often discourages individuals from seeking necessary support [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e46\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, they experience heightened levels of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior, which must be addressed by fostering a strong, supportive social environment through proper mental health service ensured by government policies. Numerous countries, including China, India, Singapore, Australia, and the United States, as well as many other lower countries, have incorporated various mental health services into their policies by ensuring availability, accessibility, increasing public awareness, and reducing stigma regarding mental health [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e47\u003c/span\u003e].Therefore, the development and enforcement of mental health policies in Bangladesh should focus on integrating mental health into education and expanding mental health services to alleviate the crisis by eliminating sociocultural barriers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eMental health has always been a neglected issue in third-world countries like Bangladesh. Due to a lack of job opportunities in the job market, the majority of students frequently experience severe economic and social pressure shortly after graduation, which pushes them toward unemployment and substandard conditions at work. This study found that unemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh frequently face stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia due to financial threats, hardships, and distress in student life. In addition, women have a higher level of depression, anxiety, stress and suicidal thoughts than men. Moreover, those unemployed jobseekers that didn’t have a friendly environment in the family have a severe level of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia and suicidal thoughts. Findings depict that those who are engaged, married, and divorced or widowed had a higher level of depression, anxiety, stress and suicidal thoughts than those who were single. These findings illustrate a clear picture of the recent graduate students’ thoughts and well-being. Policymakers should think before it gets too late when our career frustrated graduates will start to question the government on their commitment towards job creation and other irregularities as well as weaken their hold from society. \u0026nbsp;It’s their responsibility to frame a policy for effective industry-academia collaboration and ensure fair employment opportunities based on the merit of the graduates. They should also keep it in their mind that mental health issues of the graduates are not merely their personal problem rather they have become a common social issue which needs to be addressed to support our brilliant minds and encourage them to be productive. In addition, the education and health ministry should jointly design several seminars on mental health awareness and design counselling sessions in the educational institutes to save them from unusual mental issues and utilize their potentiality at fullest. Future researchers might attempt to perform the longitudinal study for assessing the long-term mental health patterns among unemployed graduate people, comparison between unemployed and employed mental health condition, and also assess social and psychological factors influencing depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eFunding: The authors did not receive any financial support or specific grant for the study from any funding source.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConflicts of Interest of each author/ contributor: the authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData Availability statement: Data will be made available on request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsent to participate declaration:\u0026nbsp;Verbal \u0026amp; written consent was taken from the participant. \u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Consent to publish declaration: We affirm that the work is original and no part of the work infringes on the rights of others.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJenkins R, Baingana F, Ahmad R, McDaid D, Atun R. 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Association between unemployment and insomnia-related symptoms based on the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions: a large cross-sectional Japanese population survey. Ind Health. 2019 Nov;57(6):701\u0026ndash;10. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2018-0031\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRahman F, Dalal K, Hasan M, Islam T, Tuli SN, Akter A, Tanvir KM, Islam K, Rahman A, Nabi MH, Rahman ML, Hossain Hawlader MD. Insomnia and job stressors among healthcare workers who served COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023 May 23;23(1):523. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09464-x\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRafi, M. A., Mamun, M. A., Hsan, K., Hossain, M., \u0026amp; Gozal, D. (2019). Psychological implications of unemployment among Bangladesh Civil Service job seekers: a pilot study. \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e10\u003c/em\u003e, 578. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00578\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHossain, S., Anjum, A., Uddin, M. E., Rahman, M. A., \u0026amp; Hossain, M. F. (2019). Impacts of socio-cultural environment and lifestyle factors on the psychological health of university students in Bangladesh: a longitudinal study. \u003cem\u003eJournal of affective disorders\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e256\u003c/em\u003e, 393-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.001\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHofstede, G. (2007). A European in Asia. \u003cem\u003eAsian Journal of Social Psychology\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e10\u003c/em\u003e(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2006.00206.x\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShohel, T.A., Nasrin, N., Farjana, F. \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lsquo;\u003cem\u003eHe was a brilliant student but became mad like his grandfather\u0026rsquo;\u003c/em\u003e: an exploratory investigation on the social perception and stigma against individuals living with mental health problems in Bangladesh. \u003cem\u003eBMC Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e22\u003c/strong\u003e, 702 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-022-04359-3\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKoly, K. N., Saba, J., Muzaffar, R., Modasser, R. B., Colon-Cabrera, D., \u0026amp; Warren, N. (2022). Exploring the potential of delivering mental health care services using digital technologies in Bangladesh: A qualitative analysis. \u003cem\u003eInternet Interventions\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e29\u003c/em\u003e, 100544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100544\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-psychology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discpsy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Psychology](https://www.springer.com/44202)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Psychology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Mental health, Graduate Jobseekers, Suicidal behavior, Public Policy, Unemployment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5699580/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5699580/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe objective of this study was to compare the level of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicidal behavior among unemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh. This study employs a cross-sectional design, utilizing a quantitative technique. A questionnaire survey was conducted to get primary data from 416 unemployed graduate job seekers through in-person and online surveys using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scales. This study used the Independent Samples t-test and ANOVA for statistical analyses to determine significant difference. This study found that unemployed graduate job seekers in Bangladesh frequently face stress, anxiety, depression and insomnia due to financial threats, hardships, and distress in student life. In addition, women have a higher level of depression (severe), anxiety (severe), stress (moderate) and suicidal thoughts than men. Moreover, those unemployed jobseekers that didn’t have a friendly environment in the family have experienced depression (severe), anxiety (severe), stress (moderate), clinical insomnia (moderate severity)and suicidal thoughts. Findings depict that those who are engaged, married, and divorced or widowed had a higher level of depression, anxiety, stress and suicidal thoughts than those who were single. The study will assist policymakers by providing evidence on mental health condition of the graduate students so that they could designing welfare policies for them.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparison in Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, and Suicidal Behavior among the Unemployed Graduate Job Seekers in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-28 09:03:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5699580/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-08-06T15:04:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-05-19T04:33:30+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-30T22:30:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-26T18:36:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"246062136751836918759957091605144014652","date":"2025-04-24T15:22:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"58487586024384911447779156150874830331","date":"2025-04-24T12:47:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-24T09:23:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T11:54:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Psychology","date":"2025-03-01T19:09:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-psychology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discpsy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Psychology](https://www.springer.com/44202)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Discover Psychology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"990955c1-8df7-43ae-a972-f0fd8d2549c5","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-17T12:11:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-28 09:03:21","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5699580","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5699580","identity":"rs-5699580","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}