A Moving-Window Ordinary Kriging Approach for Airborne and Ground Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Data Processing

A Moving-Window Ordinary Kriging Approach for Airborne and Ground Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Data Processing | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Moving-Window Ordinary Kriging Approach for Airborne and Ground Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Data Processing Dionisio Uendro Carlos, César Augusto Moreira, Guilherme Libardi Maestrelo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7918539/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Airborne gamma-ray spectrometry is a kind of radiometric method used to geological, mineral exploration and environmental mapping. Interpolation of radiometric data is a key step for estimating potassium (K), equivalent uranium (eU), and equivalent thorium (eTh) spatial distribution concentrations. Commonly used interpolators such as inverse distance weighting and minimum curvature are widely applied, but they do not explicitly model the stochastic nature of radioactive decay. We present a moving-window ordinary kriging (MW-OK) algorithm that accounts for the detector footprint by operating within locally defined circular window. This approach better preserves short-wavelength variability and sharp gradients at contacts, producing concentration and ternary maps with improved spatial resolution. We implemented a radiometric processing workflow in open-source platform (Python) that exports standard deliverables (GXF, KMZ, GeoTIFF and PNG) and is interoperable with common geoscientific platforms. radiometric interpolation ordinary kriging ternary images mineral exploration Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7918539","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":533239301,"identity":"60d7f02f-66c2-487d-9115-31719bea17f1","order_by":0,"name":"Dionisio Uendro Carlos","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCw0CcwCAB4TxgYJCDih8gUksCA4MxYS0oUkAtiQ2EtPAdZz724MEfCzkG9sPPPiRU1KVvuN18+HMBw518XFokD7OlGyS2SRgz8KQZz0g4czh3w51jadIzGJ5ZNuDQYnCYx0wisQGEgN5IbDuQu+FGjhkzD8NhA1y2gLUk/AFpYf8M1FKXbnAj//NnwlrYQFp4QLYwJxjcyGGQxqcF6Jc0CZBf2HhyihmAfjGceSPNTHqGwTOcWvjOHz4m+eNPnRw/+/HNDB8q6uT5biQ//lxQcQenFjhgQ+YwMxDWgAaYSdUwCkbBKBgFwxoAAEuOVCjgCfA3AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"São Paulo State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dionisio","middleName":"Uendro","lastName":"Carlos","suffix":""},{"id":533239302,"identity":"d91d0a11-1d39-429a-8cfd-a46c61928077","order_by":1,"name":"César Augusto Moreira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"São Paulo State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"César","middleName":"Augusto","lastName":"Moreira","suffix":""},{"id":533239303,"identity":"ffca8906-cdef-418d-9e62-8c610b8baa79","order_by":2,"name":"Guilherme Libardi Maestrelo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"São Paulo State University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guilherme","middleName":"Libardi","lastName":"Maestrelo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-22 08:24:48","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7918539/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7918539/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94161731,"identity":"0e9d60b9-c22f-40f1-b8f5-19518e7056b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:35","extension":"png","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1130255,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/89e673389b438bb7878ae737.png"},{"id":94161741,"identity":"dfd2ea00-e483-4855-b2a9-9052a248ed0f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13848121,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AMovingWindowOrdinaryKrigingApproachforAirborneandGroundGammaRaySpectrometricDataProcessing.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/d2a2e27a873f03f189e763cd.docx"},{"id":94161732,"identity":"807f56bd-3984-4616-8b3f-62f4b5bc3ea7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":686191,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/697141409b0eed6ad9ec97e3.png"},{"id":94161735,"identity":"71005aaa-a50d-4958-a7e4-491d9fd358f4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":134240,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/4e4fb7f6d6405dd42d010c8f.png"},{"id":94162128,"identity":"741259e2-599a-4ea6-b821-a81dd5a1aaf8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:36","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6336041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/3417d6b8c21a28debcbdf3cb.png"},{"id":94161733,"identity":"93c84644-7b8c-4bbf-bc66-e28b28ceedc2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7188751,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/c476930225a0496dd6bb7bd6.png"},{"id":94162126,"identity":"c2200b08-db2a-48bd-918f-65bfbec9b921","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:36","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6561957,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/b1c1a7de39afb27e02af93d1.png"},{"id":94162125,"identity":"a277cceb-0e14-4dfc-baff-ee200f83b10c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:36","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1669218,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/24f932a1ade8ecf3818d245a.png"},{"id":94161747,"identity":"1b944620-7355-4182-b8c8-180863b39f94","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4003622,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/84561d672e5bdf56abecb772.png"},{"id":94161736,"identity":"f30fb832-aa6b-4cd8-b011-0e7a3beb79e2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"json","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4420,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"a5ee031e2ade4eb191d311076c5d9c8d.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/425d7028e37b700ea885f79e.json"},{"id":94162641,"identity":"7b557972-5561-414c-a21e-7592e78b6021","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:15:36","extension":"xml","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":51945,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"a5ee031e2ade4eb191d311076c5d9c8d1enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/8813841d2acad006e5ca57e9.xml"},{"id":94162130,"identity":"fb1f7cdf-c6a5-4f1f-84dd-639fb485bd1c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:36","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1130255,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/ecb9db62b449d598f93a06c7.png"},{"id":94161745,"identity":"20eff34d-daa9-41e0-b2db-2c7eb7cfe905","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":686191,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/ce6803196272988e5a4b7de6.png"},{"id":94161738,"identity":"916d34f7-1889-42f5-a16b-4830e2aad540","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":134240,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/aaceaeb8e9b358c56cbb948b.png"},{"id":94161743,"identity":"4bd1141d-14f1-404f-a5f7-51d4cdf54a0b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6336041,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/53a8695c0c852ecaf089a9e5.png"},{"id":94161758,"identity":"4eb61c1e-4fba-477f-9923-950da9fd7cb0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7188751,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/86fa093256af47380c7632c6.png"},{"id":94161750,"identity":"c9d8543e-5c54-4f44-a9c9-f35ac53b266b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6561957,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/7874618b74b206bf451aeaa0.png"},{"id":94161742,"identity":"b6b01128-1d51-4d07-a5f3-98fdeaaa3e9b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1669218,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/15b5f69175f8c6343a465566.png"},{"id":94161751,"identity":"8ad89f6c-491d-4ba8-ac6e-8f648321fe57","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4003622,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/851403b6519b78b87e1b82ad.png"},{"id":94161756,"identity":"b1bdfe6f-34ed-477b-a066-36c160987e58","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":382731,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/6f646056dca95e022f561c18.png"},{"id":94161754,"identity":"d4132b40-3798-46f8-b3b8-23e732a3ef34","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":241851,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/e0294d54aa78f7d94dccc286.png"},{"id":94161748,"identity":"d32e2643-074a-4c2c-a5cd-81b4c72ce563","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":134240,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/9f074ab0592435e02f5ce8c3.png"},{"id":94161760,"identity":"3adb794f-6071-4b92-8a9b-0222afe9e4cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2681917,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/e0886cd719beed181047a188.png"},{"id":94161774,"identity":"bf27e11f-f9ca-45fd-b5dc-28da61d22839","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2771012,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/e9ea5103f5762264304dd423.png"},{"id":94162132,"identity":"6e001088-6440-47fb-ba1c-0304fa6656c5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:36","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2708939,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/c4f369d92f13133a01b401ca.png"},{"id":94161771,"identity":"331660ba-4207-410f-9a64-d385b2ca3a2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1669218,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Figure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/a6ed7d2f19a04b0250e9f7ca.png"},{"id":94161755,"identity":"90b71c5e-5997-4fb6-b192-87c95d148fab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3212740,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/f41304591d128d3cb392e940.png"},{"id":94161761,"identity":"1b54bfc6-594d-43cf-8549-349f65e1b83b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":334438,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/9d75ca048ef231c3e15afd16.png"},{"id":94162136,"identity":"34d6c8aa-34a6-47f2-bd13-d644b0e3fe6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:37","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":233467,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/3d045ed8778c891be60fee82.png"},{"id":94162642,"identity":"2dd8b66f-2533-4a13-9421-7bc4d93c0ce6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:15:36","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":75082,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/78be7021d9cca685b877128b.png"},{"id":94161764,"identity":"f043bc66-b4c3-4f77-a3d8-15ac908ca29f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2439688,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/1feb75231ceb22c2aed22092.png"},{"id":94161757,"identity":"6c1e5fb9-3494-431b-9d5d-bfda7a1821ed","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2752224,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/6c0c65d80b80861d253a8b8c.png"},{"id":94161752,"identity":"3a5e92f2-3ee0-4a53-96f0-0de53d17ffeb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2528246,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/7025e6901a6cbda362aabd4a.png"},{"id":94161749,"identity":"8f04745e-96eb-4e2a-abb8-60530b3944ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:36","extension":"png","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":611156,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/5783b5a8498f3abd6bd761da.png"},{"id":94161773,"identity":"9f6b81e2-d588-44ab-af5c-f56fca406bc5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1437609,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineFigure8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/6c6e1fdcff9d223be5dbc411.png"},{"id":94161766,"identity":"a9a05934-7ba6-403f-92f9-da82f0e24acb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":86623,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/78e69b0c38eee3b15e7612a5.png"},{"id":94161772,"identity":"ff5f6e02-7164-4d00-988a-bd93dcfb5d83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":64196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/09c3c0c78d2551cc4a346ca1.png"},{"id":94162139,"identity":"f96589be-290a-4685-b16f-80c23ca2cbe8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:37","extension":"png","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":75082,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/b2456af7c1a87f001a4f1da0.png"},{"id":94162137,"identity":"91484b64-f01f-4f39-a1b0-089461b6d412","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:37","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":712565,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/981d3c2fc94f0ad516e4b94f.png"},{"id":94162643,"identity":"c5a43e88-7eae-489b-ad1d-950851fd47dd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:15:37","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":776353,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/a8968dde0af7ca61e2a9c7e6.png"},{"id":94162134,"identity":"919579b9-1066-458a-a034-6c86bfa343e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:37","extension":"png","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":727856,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/a9f9020c138b40b4627f50f8.png"},{"id":94162133,"identity":"2fd7d497-e328-4e69-801f-f2eacf2e0ce6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:37","extension":"png","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":611156,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/46c52c86a677765a38225e44.png"},{"id":94161770,"identity":"2560bbc6-e555-472c-bfca-4cedb98a8c0b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"png","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":546907,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/9fb5fbe576bcf13b8527a47a.png"},{"id":94161775,"identity":"4af751d6-e324-4ffa-a6c4-588a4851ffda","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 04:59:37","extension":"xml","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":51170,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"a5ee031e2ade4eb191d311076c5d9c8d1structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/8e62eb3d462941a11ec3dd80.xml"},{"id":94162131,"identity":"e33f61f1-1bcf-4335-a1d6-10f75c6f0eda","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-23 05:07:36","extension":"html","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":56985,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1/872674909395b83f8e38a953.html"},{"id":96245680,"identity":"4770f5df-68fb-4951-bfaf-4ac936b4f75c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-19 07:21:48","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3266896,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AMovingWindowOrdinaryKrigingApproachforAirborneandGroundGammaRaySpectrometricDataProcessing.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7918539/v1_covered_ca80515d-3dc1-41ee-bf9e-a1bde8125f76.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Moving-Window Ordinary Kriging Approach for Airborne and Ground Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Data Processing","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"radiometric interpolation, ordinary kriging, ternary images, mineral exploration","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7918539/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7918539/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAirborne gamma-ray spectrometry is a kind of radiometric method used to geological, mineral exploration and environmental mapping. Interpolation of radiometric data is a key step for estimating potassium (K), equivalent uranium (eU), and equivalent thorium (eTh) spatial distribution concentrations. Commonly used interpolators such as inverse distance weighting and minimum curvature are widely applied, but they do not explicitly model the stochastic nature of radioactive decay. We present a moving-window ordinary kriging (MW-OK) algorithm that accounts for the detector footprint by operating within locally defined circular window. This approach better preserves short-wavelength variability and sharp gradients at contacts, producing concentration and ternary maps with improved spatial resolution. We implemented a radiometric processing workflow in open-source platform (Python) that exports standard deliverables (GXF, KMZ, GeoTIFF and PNG) and is interoperable with common geoscientific platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Moving-Window Ordinary Kriging Approach for Airborne and Ground Gamma-Ray Spectrometric Data Processing","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-23 04:59:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7918539/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"90831dc9-685b-46ff-a6db-bd448497eb52","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 23rd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T02:38:31+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-23 04:59:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7918539","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7918539","identity":"rs-7918539","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}