Differences in performance between individuals with varying levels of ADHD risk in proactive and reactive control

Differences in performance between individuals with varying levels of ADHD risk in proactive and reactive control | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 12 September 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Differences in performance between individuals with varying levels of ADHD risk in proactive and reactive control Authors : Kefei Li and Yingqi Gu 0000-0001-6293-7577 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175766051.14668692/v1 175 views 74 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Cognitive control deficits are the hallmarks of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Theoretical models suggest that cognitive control involves reactive and active control processes, but their specific performance in groups with different levels of hyperactivity risk is unclear, especially in studies of active control. Here, we used a within-subjects design to study the performance of 25 highly hyperactive adults(N = 25, 16 females; Mage = 21.44, SDage = 0.43) and 21 low hyperactive adults(N = 21, 12 females; Mage = 20.57, SDage = .48) in two different cognitive control tasks. The results showed that individuals with high hyperactivity risk were stable but not significantly weaker than those with low ADHD in all aspects of reactivity and active cognitive control. In addition, we found that individuals with high hyperactivity risk had significantly greater changes in error-induced drift rates than individuals with low hyperactivity risk. Finally, in individuals at high risk of hyperactivity, we found a significant positive correlation between hyperactivity scores and multiple cognitive control performances. Conclusion: The overall cognitive control performance of individuals with high hyperactivity risk is stable but not significantly weaker than that of individuals with low ADHD risk, and individuals with high hyperactivity risk are more sensitive to errors. And finally, some cognitive performance of the high hyperactivity group is better with the increase of hyperactivity. Supplementary Material File (differences in performance between individuals with varying levels of adhd risk in proactive and reactive control.docx) Download 798.19 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 12 September 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords adhd cognitive control hyperactivity proactive control reactive control Authors Affiliations Kefei Li Zhejiang Sci-Tech University View all articles by this author Yingqi Gu 0000-0001-6293-7577 [email protected] Zhejiang Sci-Tech University View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 175 views 74 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Kefei Li, Yingqi Gu. Differences in performance between individuals with varying levels of ADHD risk in proactive and reactive control. Authorea . 12 September 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175766051.14668692/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. Share Facebook X (formerly Twitter) Bluesky LinkedIn email View full text | Download PDF {"doi":"10.22541/au.175766051.14668692/v1","type":"Article"} Now Reading: Share Figures Tables Close figure viewer Back to article Figure title goes here Change zoom level Go to figure location within the article Download figure Toggle share panel Toggle share panel Share Toggle information panel Toggle information panel Go to previous graphic Go to next graphic Go to previous table Go to next table All figures All tables View all material View all material xrefBack.goTo xrefBack.goTo Request permissions Expand All Collapse Expand Table Show all references SHOW ALL BOOKS Authors Info & Affiliations About FAQs Contact Us Directory RSS Back to top Powered by Research Exchange Preprints Help Terms Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences $(document).ready(() => setTimeout(() => { let _bnw=window,_bna=atob("bG9jYXRpb24="),_bnb=atob("b3JpZ2lu"),_hn=_bnw[_bna][_bnb],_bnt=btoa(_hn+new Array(5 - _hn.length % 4).join(" ")); $.get("/resource/lodash?t="+_bnt); },4000)); (function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'9ffba4cdcde0df94',t:'MTc3OTQ1MTA1MQ=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();