Urologische Komplikationen der Endometriose

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Urinary tract endometriosis, especially bladder wall involvement, is often overlooked and can cause persistent symptoms, necessitating combined urological and gynecological management.

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This paper reviews urologic complications of endometriosis, focusing on how urinary tract endometriosis—especially bladder wall involvement—can be missed and lead to years of dysuria/pelvic pain despite lack of infection. It reports case-based observations highlighting that characteristic endoscopic findings may be absent and that deep transurethral resection may be required for histopathologic confirmation, and it describes bladder endometrial polyp development after tamoxifen for endometrial uterine sarcoma. For ureteral endometriosis, the authors note that insidious symptomatology can result in irreversible kidney function loss, with ureter disease sometimes only recognized after surgical complications, and that persistent fibrosing ureteritis often necessitates resection and ureter reimplantation even after hormonal suppression. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically urologic tract manifestations and complications (bladder and ureter) and related diagnostic/therapeutic challenges.

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Abstract

Endometriosis (E) of the urinary tract is often not diagnosed at the beginning of the disease, particularly in cases with bladder wall involvement resulting in persistent dysuria and pelvic pain. Therefore, cystitis-like symptoms in younger women without evidence of urinary tract infections should be considered to be caused by E. Characteristic endoscopic findings may be missed and deep transurethral resection may be necessary for harvesting endometriotic tissue. This situation and improvement of diagnosis by ultrasound are demonstrated by a case report. The development of endometrial polyps in the uterus after tamoxifen (TAM) management is a well-known side effect of this antiestrogenic therapy. We observed a woman with endometrial polyps in the bladder after TAM. Endometriotic ureter stenosis in the absence of colics or other symptoms may results in irreversible loss of kidney function. Verification of the diagnosis is a common task of urology and gynecology. In three of six cases treated in our institution within 5 years, E of the ureter was first ascertained by the presence of ureter damage following surgical treatment of E. In two cases bowel E was present at the same time. Conservative treatment by suppression of ovarian function in most cases of stenosis of the ureter does not avoid the need for subsequent resection and reimplantation because of persistent fibrosis of the ureter wall.
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Zusammenfassung Die Endometriose des Harntrakts wird wahrscheinlich nicht selten übersehen, insbesondere die Manifestation in der Wand der Harnblase. Hieraus können jahrelang anhaltende nicht kausal therapierte Dysurien resultieren, sodass diesem Krankheitsbild bei jüngeren Frauen zumal bei fehlendem Infektnachweis mehr Beachtung geschenkt werden sollte. Bei Lokalisation in den äußeren Wandschichten kann der typische endoskopische Befund fehlen. Tiefreichende Resktionen sind dann für den histopathologischen Nachweis unverzichtbar, wie unsere Kasuistik zeigt. Die Entwicklung von endometrialen Polypen in der Harnblase nach Tamoxifentherapie eines endometrialen Uterussarkoms stellt eine besondere Endometrioseentität dar (Kasuistik). Die Endometriose des Ureters ist infolge fehlender oder schleichender Symptomatik mit einer erheblichen Rate irreversibler Niernfunktionsstörungen und konsekutiver Nephrektomien belastet. Histopathologische Diagnosesicherung und Planung einer kombinierten hormonellen und operativen Therapie sind gemeinsame Aufgabe von Urologen und Gynäkologen, z. T. aber auch Chirurgen. 6 innerhalb von 5 Jahren beobachtete Fälle von Harnleiterendometriose, die in 1 Fall mit konsekutiver Nephroureterektomie auch histopathologisch zunächst nicht erkannt wurde, veranschaulichen die vielfältige Problematik. Iatrogene Harnleiterläsionen nach gynäkologischen und chirurgischen Endometrioseoperationen und primär nicht bekannter Ureterbeteiligung sahen wir in 3 Fällen. Die auch nach ausreichender hormoneller Therapie persistierende fibrosierende Ureteritis macht die Ureterreimplantation meist unvermeidbar, wobei aufgrund der Lokalisation der Stenose das Psoas-hitch-Verfahren zu bevorzugen ist. Abstract Endometriosis (E) of the urinary tract is often not diagnosed at the beginning of the disease, particularly in cases with bladder wall involvement resulting in persistent dysuria and pelvic pain. Therefore, cystitis-like symptoms in younger women without evidence of urinary tract infections should be considered to be caused by E. Characteristic endoscopic findings may be missed and deep transurethral resection may be necessary for harvesting endometriotic tissue. This situation and improvement of diagnosis by ultrasound are demonstrated by a case report. The development of endometrial polyps in the uterus after tamoxifen (TAM) management is a well-known side effect of this antiestrogenic therapy. We observed a woman with endometrial polyps in the bladder after TAM. Endometriotic ureter stenosis in the absence of colics or other symptoms may result in irreversible loss of kidney function. Verification of the diagnosis is a common task of urology and gynecology. In three of six cases treated in our institution within 5 years, E of the ureter was first ascertained by the presence of ureter damage following surgical treatment of E. In two cases bowel E was present at the same time. Conservative treatment by suppression of ovarian function in most cases of stenosis of the ureter does not avoid the need for subsequent resection and reimplantation because of persistent fibrosis of the ureter wall. Author information Authors and Affiliations Additional information Electronic Publication Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Carl, .P. Urologische Komplikationen der Endometriose. Urologe [A] 42, 255–262 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-001-0169-8 Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-001-0169-8

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Condition tags

endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Female Urogenital Diseases Adult Cystoscopy Diagnosis, Differential Diagnostic Imaging Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Female Female Urogenital Diseases Female Urogenital Diseases Female Urogenital Diseases Humans Kidney Diseases Kidney Diseases Kidney Diseases Kidney Diseases Laparoscopy Middle Aged

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