Carriage of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in male subjects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Carriage of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in male subjects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Carriage of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in male subjects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Sya Forazoun Bienvenue Tamini, Theodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon, Serge Theophile Soubeiga, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.2.18484/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a public health problem in Africa because of its frequency and its various consequences in both men and women. In Burkina Faso, there is little data on the carriage of HPV infection in male subjects. This study aimed to determine the carriage of HPV infection in male subjects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to September 2016. During this study period, a total of 124 male subjects who gave informed consent were recruited as part of a fertility assessment. Semen samples were analyzed by Real- Time PCR using Real TM Quant High Risk Screen HPV kit to detect 14 high-risk HPV genotypes. The Chi square test was used for comparisons. Results Of the 124 male subjects, 22 were positive for at least one high-risk HPV, with a prevalence of 17.7%. HPV 56 was the most represented genotype with a frequency of 20%, followed by HPV 39 (11%) and HPV 68 (11%), HPV 16 (8%). The genotypes HPV 18, HPV33, HPV35, HPV51 and HPV52 also had the same frequency of 6% each and the HPV 31, 45, 59 and 66 had the same frequency of 3% each. Of the 22 positive cases, 10 were multiple infections. Spermocytogram of patients showed at least one abnormality in 87.9% of cases. Necrozoospermia and oligozoospermia were the most abnormalities observed with 42% and 40% respectively followed by asthenospermia (18%); teratozoospermia (16%) and azoospermia (14%). Conclusion This study showed that like women, men are infected by HPV with a relatively high prevalence. In addition, the predominant genotypes in the male subjects of this study are not those targeted by the HPV vaccines available in our countries. Hence the need to reinforce the strategies for controlling HPV infection and HPV prophylactic vaccination for young boys. Infectious Diseases Epidemiology HPV real time PCR genotypes Men Burkina Faso Figures Figure 1 Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of viral infection of the reproductive tract and causes a wide range of conditions in women as men, including precancerous lesions that may progress to cancer [ 1 ]. Persistent oncogenic HPV infections have been reported in most cases of cervical cancer and HPV is increasingly associated with penile tumors in humans and in certain anal, cerebral and cervical tumors [ 2 , 3 ]. More than 200 types of HPV exist and are divided into 2 groups according to their oncogenic potential: high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) [ 4 ]. HPV 16 and 18 are the most important genotypes of HR-HPV causing cancer worldwide [ 3 , 5 ] and are implicated in penile cancer and cancer cervix. Especially, HPV 16 is familiar in brain and neck cancers [ 2 ]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), genital HPV infections among men in sub-Saharan Africa have a prevalence of any type, at least 19.1% [ 6 ]. Men are considered to be carriers, therefore reservoir and act as transmitters of the virus. Several authors detected HPV DNA in samples from human internal organs such as vasectomy vas deferens, epididymis from non-tuberculous epididymectomy, testicular biopsy of infertile subjects or from specimens from anogenital external organs often combined with urine and sperm which are readily available samples [ 7 – 9 ]. In addition, it is recognized that HPV DNA in urine and sperm positively reflect the presence of HPV in the " internal " reservoirs [ 10 ]. Studies have reported that HPV infection affects fertility parameters in humans [ 11 , 12 ]. In Burkina Faso, previous studies have been carried out in women and reported the frequency of other high-risk HPV genotypes outside genotypes 16 and 18 [ 13 – 17 ]. Since HPV infection is a sexually transmitted infection, it is not surprising that some genotypes are found in both women and men. In order to obtain data on HPV infection in humans in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, this study proposes to search for HPV in males visiting a laboratory in Ouagadougou for sperm analysis in the context of a fertility screening. Methods Type and population of study This is a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to September 2016 and involved male subjects who presented themselves to the biomedical laboratory to perform a spermogram and spermocytogram in the study period and gave their free and informed consent. Collection of samples and data Male subjects of this study were recruited from three medical clinics: Philadelphie, Sainte Elisabeth and Sandof. Semen samples were collected in a collection tube after 3 to 6 days of abstinence according to the WHO guidelines [18] and transported to the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA/LABIOGENE) for the molecular characterization of HPV. Spermogram and spermocytogram For each sample, assessment of sperm characteristics and sperm was done to identify the following parameters: the volume of sperm, sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology and vitality using an optical microscope. Molecular characterization of high-risk HPV by real-time PCR Extraction of HPV DNA was done from semen using the DNA-Sorb-A Kit (Sacace Biotechnologie, Como, Italy) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The real-time PCR amplification was carried out with " HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant" kit which allows the detection of 14 high-risk HPV genotypes of clinical interest that are: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68. The amplification was done with the SaCycler-96 ™ thermocycler ( Sacace Biotechnologies, Como, Italy) according to the following program: 95 °C for 15 minutes, for 1 cycle; 95 °C for 05 seconds, 60 °C for 20 seconds and 72 °C for 15 seconds, for 5 cycles; 95 °C for 05 seconds, 60 °C for 30 seconds, 72 °C for 15 seconds for 40 cycles. Statistical analyzes The data was analyzed with IBM SPSS software version 21.0. The Chi square test was used for comparisons and any value was considered statistically significant for p <0.05. Results Characteristics of the study population A total of 124 voluntary male subjects participated in this study. The age of the patients was ranged from 21 to 72 years with an average of 37.12 +/- 7.56 years. The male subjects of more than 30 years were the most represented (92.85%). This study did not observe an aspermal case. The mean volume of ejaculate was 2.82 +/- 1.27 mL with a minimum volume of 0.6 mL and the maximum of 7.5 mL. The average concentration of sperm from the ejaculate was 13,697,011 sperms/µL with an average number of 90,140,661 sperms and a maximum to 911 840 1 000 sperms. Sperm collection patterns in male subjects were masturbation (66.13%) and coitus interruption (33.87%). Subjects aged more than 30 years and over mostly took their samples from the laboratory by masturbation (56.09%) and coitus interruptus was performed at home in 52.38% of cases (Table 1). Table 1: Method of sperm collection by place and age of male subjects Sampling mode Sampling place Total n (%) Home n (%) Laboratory n (%) Coitus interruptus Age classes 30 years 1 (2.38) 2 (4.76) 3 (7.14) ≥ 30 years 22 ( 52.38 ) 17 (40.47) 39 (92.85) Total 23 (54.76) 19 (45.23) 42 (100) Masturbation Age classes 30 years 3 (3.65) 7 (8.53) 10 (12.19) ≥ 30 years 26 (31.70) 46 ( 56.09 ) 72 (87.80) Total 29 (35.3 6) 53 (64.63) 82 (100) NB: Seven (7) patients did not indicate their ages. Sperm abnormalities of the subjects of the study Most subjects in this study had their spermogram and spermocytogram results. They had at least one abnormality in 87.9% of cases. The most observed abnormalities were oligozoospermia and necrozoospermia with 40% and 42% respectively followed by asthenospermia (18%); teratozoospermia (16%) and azoospermia (14%). Prevalence and distribution of high-risk HPV in male subjects In this study, the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 17.7% in male subjects. Of the 14 genotypes sought, 13 were identified with frequencies ranging from 3 to 20% (Figure 1). The most common genotypes were HPV 56, HPV 31, HPV39 and HPV68; follow by of HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 33, HPV 35, HPV 51, HPV 52, HPV 45, HPV 59 and HPV 66. HPV 16 and HPV 18 genotypes had a cumulative frequency of 14% and other HR-HPV accounted for 86%. Carriage of HR-HPV infection according to sperm abnormality in male subjects HR-HPV was found in 17.59% of men with sperm abnormality. Table 2 shows the frequency of sperm abnormality according to the presence or absence of infection with high-risk HPV. Table 2: Sperm abnormality according to the presence or absence of high-risk HPV Sperm abnormality N (%) Absence of anomaly N (%) Total N (%) p value Positive HPV-HR 19 (17.59) 3 (18.75) 22 (17.74) 0.571 Negative HPV-HR 89 (82.41) 13 (81.25) 102 (82,26) Total 108 (100) 16 (100) 124 (100) Different types of sperm abnormalities according to HR-HPV genotypes in isolated or multiple infections are presented in Table 3. Oligospermia and necrospermia were more detected in male subjects having HPV 56. Table 3: Isolated or multiple HR-HPV infections and sperm abnormalities HPV-HR genotypes Total (%) Normal (%) Oligospermia (%) Asthenospermia (%) Necrospermia (%) Teratospemia (%) Cryptospermia (%) Azoospermia (%) Polyzoospermia (%) HPV 16, HPV 31 1 (5) - 1 (10) - - - - - - HPV 18 2 (9) - 2 (20) - 2 (18) 1 (50) - - - HPV 31, HPV 51 1 (5) - - - - - 1 (100) - - HPV 31, HPV 51, HPV 58 1 (5) - - - 1 (9) 1 (50) - - - HPV 31, HPV 59 1 (5) 1 (33) - - - - - - - HPV 33 1 (5) - - - - - - 1 (33) - HPV 33, HPV 56 1 (5) 1 (33) - - - - - - - HPV 35 1 (5) - - - - - - 1 (33) - HPV 39 3 (14) - 1 (10) - 2 (18) - - 1 (33) - HPV 39, HPV 52 1 (5) - - 1 (50) 1 (9) - - - - HPV 45, HPV 68 1 (5) - - - 1 (9) - - - - HPV 52, HPV 35, HPV 68 1 (5) - - - - - - - 1 (100) HPV 56 5 (23) - 5 (50) 1 (50) 3 (27) - - - - HPV 66, HPV 68 1 (5) - 1 (10) - 1 (9) - - - - HPV 68, HPV 33, HPV 56 1 (5) 1 (33) - - - - - - - Total (%) 22 (100) 3 (100) 10 (100) 2 (100) 11 (100) 2 (100) 1 (100) 3 (100) 1 (100) Discussion This study was the first in Burkina Faso to detect the carrying of HPV infection in male subject. Masturbation was the most commonly used method of semen collection especially in subjects over 30 years of age. This study reported a prevalence of HR-HPV at 17.7%. It is higher than 12.48% found in a general male population in China [ 19 ] and 16% found in Denmark in sperm donors [ 20 ]. This could be explained by the poor knowledge of the means of prevention and transmission of HPV infection by the general population of Burkina Faso. Also, many people think that HPV infection only concerns women and ignore that males can be infected. Thirteen (13) HR-HPV genotypes were detected among which HPV 56 was the most represented genotype with a prevalence of 20%, followed by HPV 39 (11%) and HPV 68 (11%), HPV 16 (8%) and HPV 18 (6%). HPV infections were isolated or multiple. The HR-HPV genotypes found in this study were the same as those reported from sperm derived from duct biopsy with high prevalence of 31% in Finland [ 21 ]. In contrast to this study where HPV 16 and 18 were less represented, these two genotypes were predominant in other studies conducted in Amsterdam and Brazil [ 12 , 22 ]. Our results are consistent with those of other authors who found that HPV 16 and 18 genotypes are more common in Europe, America and Africa [ 14 , 16 , 23 – 25 ]. Male fertility depends on parameters such as total and progressive mobility, morphology, vitality, number and concentration of spermatozoa that are determined during the spermogram and from which sperm abnormalities can also be identified according to the standards of the WHO manual version 2010 [ 18 ]. The presence of sperm abnormality can lead to male infertility. In this study, HR-HPV were found in 19 cases of sperm abnormality against 3 cases in absence of sperm abnormality. This shows that HPV infection may be a factor affecting male fertility and can weaken sperm quality including progressive mobility, morphology leading to a decline in male fertility or even cause infertility [ 13 , 26 , 27 ]. Indeed, Foresta et al. believe that HPV infection can have the same mechanisms as the other viruses that infect sperm and are localized in the equatorial region of the head or tail of the sperm to decrease the function and capacity of acrosome, thus affecting gamete fusion [ 11 ]. This study showed that male with the HPV 56 genotype (23%) had oligospermia (50%) and necrospermia (27%) and those with the HPV 18 genotype (9%) had oligospermia and necrospermia respectively in 20% and 18% of cases. In contrast, oligospermia was found in male with only HPV 16. Nasseri et al., had also shown a relationship between HPV 16, 18, 45 and 52 with oligospermia and azoospermia [ 27 ]. The teratospermia cases in this study involved HPV genotypes 18, 31, 51, and 58. Lai et al., found that sperm mobility was significantly affected in HPV 16 and 18 infections [ 28 ]. In this same study, the incidence of asthenospermia in HR-HPV infected patients was significantly elevated compared with those who did not have HPV in sperm (75% versus 8%). However, in about 50% of infertile men, the etiology remains unknown and is called idiopathic infertility, presenting only oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratozoospermia or other sperm abnormalities [ 29 ]. The HPV genotypes found in the male subjects in this study are the same as those reported in other studies in women in Burkina Faso [ 15 – 18 ]. HPV is therefore one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses in men and women [ 29 ]. Indeed, previous studies have shown that more than 50% of sexually active men or women will be infected with HPV in their lifetime, and that the risk of infection could be increased due to multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse and smoking [ 30 – 32 ]. The population of Burkina Faso being very young, it is likely to be confronted with these problems. Therefore, HPV infection in men and women could increase if, however, the activities of awareness and prevention are not strengthened. It should be noted that although HPV infection is found in men and that the characteristics of infection types and histological distributions are similar to those of women, most HPV infections in men are benign [ 18 ]. HPV vaccination remains the important strategy to prevent infection but must take in count the most represented genotypes particularly in Africa context. Conclusion This study determined for the first time, the prevalence of HR-HPV and the distribution of HPV genotypes in male subjects in Burkina Faso. HPV-HR infection was higher in subjects with sperm abnormalities and could be responsible for lower fertility or male infertility. The identified HR-HPV genotypes are the same as those found in women, thus showing the chain of transmission between male and female sex partners. List of Abbreviations DNA, Deoxyribonucleic; HPV, Human Papillomavirus; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction; WHO, World health Organization. Declarations Ethical considerations The study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of CERBA/LABIOGENE and the Ethical Committee of Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso and by the clinical authorities where the sampling has been done. Written and informed consent was obtained from all the participants enrolled in the study. Competing interests The authors declare they have no competing interests Funding : None Authors’ contributions SFBT collected data, performed the experiments and drafted the manuscript; TMZ, STS, IMAT performed the analysis and interpreted the data and revised the manuscript; AKO, DO, RAO, FWD revised the manuscript; CO and JS designed the study. All authors gave their final approval of the manuscript. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO) and the CERBA/LABIOGENE, Burkina Faso. They express their deep gratitude to the Italian Episcopal Conference (IEC). References Trottier H, Franco EL. The epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Vaccine. 2006;24 Suppl 1:S1-15. Kreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(2):467-75. Munoz N, Castellsague X, de Gonzalez AB, Gissmann L. Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer. Vaccine. 2006;24 Suppl 3:S3/1-10. Bzhalava D, Eklund C, Dillner J. International standardization and classification of human papillomavirus types. Virology. 2015;476:341-4. Miralles-Guri C, Bruni L, Cubilla AL, Castellsague X, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9104","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":242311,"identity":"e3dae1e4-9c96-4737-8725-ce9af56d537f","order_by":1,"name":"Sya Forazoun Bienvenue Tamini","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Joseph Ki-Zerbo","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sya","middleName":"Forazoun Bienvenue","lastName":"Tamini","suffix":""},{"id":242312,"identity":"d4e0d97c-f687-4bbf-a5b8-1f9f65636aad","order_by":2,"name":"Theodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Saint Thomas 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Ki-Zerbo","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Charlemagne","middleName":"","lastName":"Ouedraogo","suffix":""},{"id":242320,"identity":"2a6ddf8d-128b-4c17-a7c6-4b1236825d16","order_by":10,"name":"Jacques Simpore","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University Joseph Ki-Zerbo","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jacques","middleName":"","lastName":"Simpore","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2019-12-05 15:08:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.18484/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18484/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":232527,"identity":"b0be38d8-f748-4bb1-9553-06a09d914f56","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2019-12-10 00:42:57","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":12793,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Frequency of high-risk HPV genotypes in male subjects","description":"","filename":"1.PNG","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/d778dc3a-2116-4cee-846a-b1c0786e2703/v1/1.PNG"},{"id":13481261,"identity":"c6aaba9f-b479-4da9-b8d9-e3e524726c7e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-16 21:46:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":480063,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9104/v1/b4ec5fb9-5ed8-41d5-8b49-5d5a892dcb1b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Carriage of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in male subjects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":" \u003cp\u003eHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of viral infection of the reproductive tract and causes a wide range of conditions in women as men, including precancerous lesions that may progress to cancer [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Persistent oncogenic HPV infections have been reported in most cases of cervical cancer and HPV is increasingly associated with penile tumors in humans and in certain anal, cerebral and cervical tumors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. More than 200 types of HPV exist and are divided into 2 groups according to their oncogenic potential: high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. HPV 16 and 18 are the most important genotypes of HR-HPV causing cancer worldwide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e] and are implicated in penile cancer and cancer cervix. Especially, HPV 16 is familiar in brain and neck cancers [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), genital HPV infections among men in sub-Saharan Africa have a prevalence of any type, at least 19.1% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Men are considered to be carriers, therefore reservoir and act as transmitters of the virus. Several authors detected HPV DNA in samples from human internal organs such as vasectomy vas deferens, epididymis from non-tuberculous epididymectomy, testicular biopsy of infertile subjects or from specimens from anogenital external organs often combined with urine and sperm which are readily available samples [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR8\" citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. In addition, it is recognized that HPV DNA in urine and sperm positively reflect the presence of HPV in the \" internal \" reservoirs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies have reported that HPV infection affects fertility parameters in humans [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. In Burkina Faso, previous studies have been carried out in women and reported the frequency of other high-risk HPV genotypes outside genotypes 16 and 18 [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR14 CR15 CR16\" citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Since HPV infection is a sexually transmitted infection, it is not surprising that some genotypes are found in both women and men. In order to obtain data on HPV infection in humans in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, this study proposes to search for HPV in males visiting a laboratory in Ouagadougou for sperm analysis in the context of a fertility screening.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Methods","content":" \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType and\u0026nbsp;population of study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to September 2016 and involved male subjects who\u0026nbsp;presented themselves\u0026nbsp;to the biomedical laboratory to\u0026nbsp;perform a\u0026nbsp;spermogram and spermocytogram in the study period and gave their free and informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCollection of samples and data \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMale\u0026nbsp;subjects\u0026nbsp;of this study were recruited from three medical clinics: Philadelphie, Sainte Elisabeth and Sandof.\u0026nbsp;Semen samples were collected\u0026nbsp;in a collection tube after 3 to 6 days of abstinence according to the WHO guidelines [18] and transported\u0026nbsp;to\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;Pietro Annigoni\u0026nbsp;Biomolecular Research Center\u0026nbsp;(CERBA/LABIOGENE)\u0026nbsp;for the\u0026nbsp;molecular characterization of HPV.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpermogram and spermocytogram\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor each sample, assessment of sperm characteristics and sperm was done to identify the\u0026nbsp;following parameters:\u0026nbsp;the volume\u0026nbsp;of sperm, sperm motility, sperm concentration, sperm morphology and\u0026nbsp;vitality using an optical microscope.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular characterization of high-risk HPV by\u0026nbsp;real-time PCR \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtraction of HPV DNA was done from semen using the DNA-Sorb-A Kit (Sacace Biotechnologie, Como, Italy) according to the manufacturer's instructions.\u0026nbsp;The real-time PCR amplification was carried out with\u0026nbsp;\"\u0026nbsp;HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant\" kit\u0026nbsp;which allows the detection\u0026nbsp;of 14\u0026nbsp;high-risk\u0026nbsp;HPV genotypes\u0026nbsp;of clinical interest that are:\u0026nbsp;16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68.\u0026nbsp;The amplification was done with the SaCycler-96 \u0026trade;\u0026nbsp;thermocycler\u0026nbsp;(\u0026nbsp;Sacace Biotechnologies, Como, Italy) according to the following program: 95 \u0026deg;C for 15 minutes, for 1 cycle;\u0026nbsp;95 \u0026deg;C for 05 seconds,\u0026nbsp;60 \u0026deg;C for 20 seconds and\u0026nbsp;72 \u0026deg;C for 15 seconds, for 5 cycles;\u0026nbsp;95 \u0026deg;C for 05 seconds,\u0026nbsp;60 \u0026deg;C for 30 seconds,\u0026nbsp;72 \u0026deg;C\u0026nbsp;for 15 seconds\u0026nbsp;for 40 cycles.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analyzes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data was analyzed with IBM SPSS software version 21.0.\u0026nbsp;The Chi square test was used for comparisons and any value was considered statistically significant for p\u0026nbsp;\u0026lt;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":" \u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eCharacteristics of the study population\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eA total of\u0026nbsp;124 voluntary male subjects participated in this study.\u0026nbsp;The age of the patients was ranged from 21 to 72 years with an average of 37.12 +/- 7.56 years.\u0026nbsp;The male subjects of more than 30 years were the most represented (92.85%).\u0026nbsp;This study did not observe an aspermal case. The mean volume of ejaculate was 2.82 +/- 1.27 mL with a minimum volume of 0.6 mL and the maximum of 7.5 mL.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eThe average concentration of sperm from the ejaculate was 13,697,011 sperms/\u0026micro;L with\u0026nbsp;an\u0026nbsp;average number\u0026nbsp;of\u0026nbsp;90,140,661 sperms and\u0026nbsp;a\u0026nbsp;maximum to 911 840 1\u0026nbsp;000\u0026nbsp;sperms.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eSperm collection patterns in male subjects were masturbation (66.13%) and coitus interruption (33.87%).\u0026nbsp;Subjects aged more than 30 years and over\u0026nbsp;mostly took their samples from the laboratory by masturbation (56.09%) and coitus interruptus was performed at home in 52.38% of cases (Table 1). \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 24.0pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;1:\u0026nbsp;Method of sperm collection by place and age of male subjects\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"background: white; border-collapse: collapse;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.15pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.6pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 14.15pt;\" colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"283\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif;\"\u003eSampling\u0026nbsp;mode\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 155.55pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 14.15pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"207\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eSampling place\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 14.15pt;\" rowspan=\"2\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eTotal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 14.15pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 14.15pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHome\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 14.15pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eLaboratory\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 25.95pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.2pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eCoitus interruptus\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.6pt; border: none; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 5.65pt .0001pt 5.65pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eAge classes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.8pt; border: none; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e30 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; border: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (2.38)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; border: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e2 (4.76)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; border: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e3 (7.14)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.35pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.8pt; border: none; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026ge; 30 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e22 (\u003cstrong\u003e52.38\u003c/strong\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e17 (40.47)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e39 (92.85)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 16.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.8pt; border: none; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eTotal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e23 (54.76)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e19 (45.23)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e42 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 16.5pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 80.2pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" rowspan=\"4\" width=\"107\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eMasturbation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.6pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-bottom: none; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.8pt; border: none; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 16.5pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 25.95pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 62.6pt; border: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"83\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 5.65pt .0001pt 5.65pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eAge classes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.8pt; border: none; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e30 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e3 (3.65)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e7 (8.53)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 25.95pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e10 (12.19)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.35pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.8pt; border: none; border-left: solid #00000A 1.5pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026ge; 30 years\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e26 (31.70)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e46 (\u003cstrong\u003e56.09\u003c/strong\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 13.35pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e72 (87.80)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.75pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.8pt; border: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.75pt;\" width=\"93\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eTotal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 83.2pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.75pt;\" width=\"111\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e29 (35.3\u0026nbsp;6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 72.35pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.75pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e53 (64.63)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.8pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.5pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.75pt;\" width=\"96\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e82 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 24.0pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eNB: Seven (7) patients did not indicate their ages.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 24.0pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white; margin: 2.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eSperm abnormalities of the subjects of the study\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eMost subjects in this study had their spermogram and spermocytogram results. They had at least one abnormality in 87.9% of cases. The most observed abnormalities were oligozoospermia and necrozoospermia with 40% and 42% respectively followed by asthenospermia\u0026nbsp;(18%);\u0026nbsp;teratozoospermia\u0026nbsp;(16%)\u0026nbsp;and azoospermia\u0026nbsp;(14%).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003ePrevalence and distribution of high-risk HPV in male subjects\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eIn this study, the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was 17.7% in male subjects.\u0026nbsp;Of the 14 genotypes sought, 13 were\u0026nbsp;identified with frequencies ranging from 3 to 20% (Figure 1).\u0026nbsp;The most common genotypes were HPV 56, HPV 31, HPV39 and HPV68;\u0026nbsp;follow by of HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 33, HPV 35, HPV 51, HPV 52, HPV 45, HPV 59 and HPV 66. HPV 16 and HPV 18 genotypes had\u0026nbsp;a cumulative frequency\u0026nbsp;of 14% and other HR-HPV accounted for 86%.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eCarriage of HR-HPV infection according to sperm abnormality in\u0026nbsp;male\u0026nbsp;subjects\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eHR-HPV was found in 17.59% of men with sperm abnormality.\u0026nbsp;Table 2 shows the frequency of sperm abnormality according to the presence or absence of\u0026nbsp;infection\u0026nbsp;with\u0026nbsp;high-risk HPV.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #00000a;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; line-height: 12.65pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; line-height: 13.8pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTable 2: Sperm abnormality according to the presence or absence of high-risk HPV\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"background: white; border-collapse: collapse;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.55in; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 106.4pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eSperm abnormality\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eAbsence of anomaly\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.0pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTotal N (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 65.35pt; border-top: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"87\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003ep value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.9pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.55in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt; height: 20.9pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003ePositive HPV-HR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 106.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt; height: 20.9pt;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e19 (17.59)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt; height: 20.9pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e3 (18.75)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt; height: 20.9pt;\" width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e22 (17.74)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 65.35pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt; height: 20.9pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"87\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e0.571\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.55in; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eNegative HPV-HR \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 106.4pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e89 (82.41)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e13\u0026nbsp;(81.25)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e102 (82,26)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 1.55in; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"149\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTotal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 106.4pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"142\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e108 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 99.25pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"132\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e16 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 78.0pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid #00000A 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 8.15pt;\" width=\"104\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: 18.0pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e124 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; line-height: 12.65pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: #00000a;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eDifferent types of sperm\u0026nbsp;abnormalities\u0026nbsp;according to HR-HPV genotypes in isolated or multiple infections are presented in Table 3. Oligospermia and necrospermia were more detected in male subjects having HPV 56. \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; line-height: 13.8pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTable 3: Isolated\u0026nbsp;or multiple HR-HPV infections\u0026nbsp;and sperm abnormalities\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"margin-left: -.05in; background: white; border-collapse: collapse;\" width=\"624\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eHPV-HR genotypes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTotal (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eNormal (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eOligospermia (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eAsthenospermia (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eNecrospermia (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTeratospemia (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eCryptospermia (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eAzoospermia (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border-top: solid navy 2.25pt; border-left: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; border-right: none; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003ePolyzoospermia (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eHPV 16, HPV 31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e1 (10)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e2 (9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e2 (20)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e2 (18)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (50)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 31, HPV 51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 31, HPV 51, HPV 58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (50)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 31, HPV 59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 33, HPV 56\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e3 (14)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (10)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e2 (18)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 39, HPV 52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (50)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 45, HPV 68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 52, HPV 35, HPV 68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 56\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e5 (23)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e5 (50)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (50)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e3 (27)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 66, HPV 68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (10)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003eHPV 68, HPV 33, HPV 56\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e1 (33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: black;\"\u003e-\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.55pt;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 51.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"69\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003eTotal (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.85pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"41\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e22 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 40.65pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"54\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e3 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 39.9pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e10 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 49.6pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e2 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 42.55pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; 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border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e3 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt; border: none; border-bottom: solid navy 2.25pt; padding: 0in 3.5pt 0in 3.5pt; height: 15.55pt;\" width=\"76\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; margin: 12.0pt 0in .0001pt 0in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e1 (100)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin-bottom: 10.0pt; line-height: 24.0pt; background: white;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; color: #00000a;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":" \u003cp\u003eThis study was the first in Burkina Faso to detect the carrying of HPV infection in male subject. Masturbation was the most commonly used method of semen collection especially in subjects over 30\u0026nbsp;years of age. This study reported a prevalence of HR-HPV at 17.7%. It is higher than 12.48% found in a general male population in China [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] and 16% found in Denmark in sperm donors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. This could be explained by the poor knowledge of the means of prevention and transmission of HPV infection by the general population of Burkina Faso. Also, many people think that HPV infection only concerns women and ignore that males can be infected. Thirteen (13) HR-HPV genotypes were detected among which HPV 56 was the most represented genotype with a prevalence of 20%, followed by HPV 39 (11%) and HPV 68 (11%), HPV 16 (8%) and HPV 18 (6%). HPV infections were isolated or multiple. The HR-HPV genotypes found in this study were the same as those reported from sperm derived from duct biopsy with high prevalence of 31% in Finland [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast to this study where HPV 16 and 18 were less represented, these two genotypes were predominant in other studies conducted in Amsterdam and Brazil [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Our results are consistent with those of other authors who found that HPV 16 and 18 genotypes are more common in Europe, America and Africa [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR24\" citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. Male fertility depends on parameters such as total and progressive mobility, morphology, vitality, number and concentration of spermatozoa that are determined during the spermogram and from which sperm abnormalities can also be identified according to the standards of the WHO manual version 2010 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. The presence of sperm abnormality can lead to male infertility. In this study, HR-HPV were found in 19 cases of sperm abnormality against 3 cases in absence of sperm abnormality. This shows that HPV infection may be a factor affecting male fertility and can weaken sperm quality including progressive mobility, morphology leading to a decline in male fertility or even cause infertility [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Indeed, Foresta et al. believe that HPV infection can have the same mechanisms as the other viruses that infect sperm and are localized in the equatorial region of the head or tail of the sperm to decrease the function and capacity of acrosome, thus affecting gamete fusion [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study showed that male with the HPV 56 genotype (23%) had oligospermia (50%) and necrospermia (27%) and those with the HPV 18 genotype (9%) had oligospermia and necrospermia respectively in 20% and 18% of cases. In contrast, oligospermia was found in male with only HPV 16. Nasseri et al., had also shown a relationship between HPV 16, 18, 45 and 52 with oligospermia and azoospermia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. The teratospermia cases in this study involved HPV genotypes 18, 31, 51, and 58. Lai et al., found that sperm mobility was significantly affected in HPV 16 and 18 infections [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. In this same study, the incidence of asthenospermia in HR-HPV infected patients was significantly elevated compared with those who did not have HPV in sperm (75% versus 8%). However, in about 50% of infertile men, the etiology remains unknown and is called idiopathic infertility, presenting only oligospermia, asthenospermia, teratozoospermia or other sperm abnormalities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe HPV genotypes found in the male subjects in this study are the same as those reported in other studies in women in Burkina Faso [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16 CR17\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. HPV is therefore one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses in men and women [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Indeed, previous studies have shown that more than 50% of sexually active men or women will be infected with HPV in their lifetime, and that the risk of infection could be increased due to multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse and smoking [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR31\" citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. The population of Burkina Faso being very young, it is likely to be confronted with these problems. Therefore, HPV infection in men and women could increase if, however, the activities of awareness and prevention are not strengthened. It should be noted that although HPV infection is found in men and that the characteristics of infection types and histological distributions are similar to those of women, most HPV infections in men are benign [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. HPV vaccination remains the important strategy to prevent infection but must take in count the most represented genotypes particularly in Africa context.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Conclusion","content":" \u003cp\u003eThis study determined for the first time, the prevalence of HR-HPV and the distribution of HPV genotypes in male subjects in Burkina Faso. HPV-HR infection was higher in subjects with sperm abnormalities and could be responsible for lower fertility or male infertility. The identified HR-HPV genotypes are the same as those found in women, thus showing the chain of transmission between male and female sex partners.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"List of Abbreviations","content":" \u003cp\u003eDNA, Deoxyribonucleic; HPV, Human Papillomavirus; PCR, Polymerase Chain Reaction; WHO, World health Organization.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical considerations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by\u0026nbsp;the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of CERBA/LABIOGENE and the Ethical Committee of Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso\u0026nbsp;and by the clinical\u0026nbsp;authorities\u0026nbsp;where the\u0026nbsp;sampling has been done.\u0026nbsp;Written and informed consent was obtained from\u0026nbsp;all the participants enrolled in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e: None\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSFBT collected data, performed the experiments and drafted the manuscript; TMZ, STS, IMAT performed the analysis and interpreted the data and revised the manuscript; AKO, DO, RAO, FWD revised the manuscript; CO and JS designed the study. All authors gave their final approval of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe\u0026nbsp;authors wish to thank the Saint Camille Hospital in Ouagadougou (HOSCO) and the CERBA/LABIOGENE, Burkina Faso.\u0026nbsp;They express their deep gratitude to the Italian Episcopal Conference (IEC).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrottier H, Franco EL. The epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Vaccine. 2006;24 Suppl 1:S1-15.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKreimer AR, Clifford GM, Boyle P, Franceschi S. Human papillomavirus types in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas worldwide: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(2):467-75.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMunoz N, Castellsague X, de Gonzalez AB, Gissmann L. Chapter 1: HPV in the etiology of human cancer. Vaccine. 2006;24 Suppl 3:S3/1-10.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBzhalava D, Eklund C, Dillner J. International standardization and classification of human papillomavirus types. Virology. 2015;476:341-4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiralles-Guri C, Bruni L, Cubilla AL, Castellsague X, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S. Human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in penile carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 2009;62(10):870-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization (WHO). Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper.2014:465-92. \u003ca href=\"https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255353/1/WER9219.pdf?ua=1\"\u003ehttps://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255353/1/WER9219.pdf?ua=1\u003c/a\u003e (Accessed on July 26\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e 2019)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDunne EF, Nielson CM, Stone KM, Markowitz LE, Giuliano AR. Prevalence of HPV infection among men: A systematic review of the literature. J Infect Dis. 2006;194(8):1044-57.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBezold G, Politch JA, Kiviat NB, Kuypers JM, Wolff H, Anderson DJ. Prevalence of sexually transmissible pathogens in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia. Fertil Steril. 2007;87(5):1087-97.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlores R, Lu B, Nielson C, Abrahamsen M, Wolf K, Lee JH, et al. Correlates of human papillomavirus viral load with infection site in asymptomatic men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(12):3573-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDunne EF, Unger ER, Sternberg M, McQuillan G, Swan DC, Patel SS, et al. Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States. JAMA. 2007;297(8):813-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eForesta C, Pizzol D, Moretti A, Barzon L, Palu G, Garolla A. Clinical and prognostic significance of human papillomavirus DNA in the sperm or exfoliated cells of infertile patients and subjects with risk factors. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(5):1723-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDamke E, Kurscheidt FA, Balani VA, Takeda KI, Irie MMT, Gimenes F, et al. Male Partners of Infertile Couples with Seminal Infections of Human Papillomavirus Have Impaired Fertility Parameters. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:4684629.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSagna T, Djigma F, Zeba M, Bisseye C, Karou SD, Ouermi D, et al. Human papillomaviruses prevalence and genital co-infections in HIV-seropositive women in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Pak J Biol Sci. 2010;13(19):951-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDjigma FW, Ouedraogo C, Karou DS, Sagna T, Bisseye C, Zeba M, et al. Prevalence and genotype characterization of human papillomaviruses among HIV-seropositive in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Acta Trop. 2011;117(3):202-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZohoncon TM, Bisseye C, Djigma FW, Yonli AT, Compaore TR, Sagna T, et al. Prevalence of HPV High-Risk Genotypes in Three Cohorts of Women in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2013;5(1):e2013059.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOuedraogo CM, Rahimy RM, Zohoncon TM, Djigma FW, Yonli AT, Ouermi D, et al. [Epidemiology and characterization of high-risk genotypes of human Papillomavirus in a population of sexually active adolescents in Ouagadougou]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2015;44(8):715-22.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOuedraogo RA, Zohoncon TM, Guigma SP, Angele Traore IM, Ouattara AK, Ouedraogo M, et al. Oncogenic human papillomavirus infection and genotypes characterization among sexually active women in Tenkodogo at Burkina Faso, West Africa. Papillomavirus Res. 2018;6:22-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization (WHO). Laboratory manual for the Examination and processing of human semen. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland, 5th Edition. 2010. \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/infertility/9789241547789/en/\"\u003ehttps://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/infertility/9789241547789/en/\u003c/a\u003e (Accessed on May 13\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e, 2019)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYang Y, Jia CW, Ma YM, Zhou LY, Wang SY. Correlation between HPV sperm infection and male infertility. Asian J Androl. 2013;15(4):529-32.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKaspersen MD, Larsen PB, Ingerslev HJ, Fedder J, Petersen GB, Bonde J, et al. Identification of multiple HPV types on spermatozoa from human sperm donors. PLoS One. 2011;6(3):e18095.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRintala MA, Pollanen PP, Nikkanen VP, Grenman SE, Syrjanen SM. Human papillomavirus DNA is found in the vas deferens. J Infect Dis. 2002;185(11):1664-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLuttmer R, Dijkstra MG, Snijders PJ, Hompes PG, Pronk DT, Hubeek I, et al. Presence of human papillomavirus in semen in relation to semen quality. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(2):280-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZohoncon TM, Bado P, Ouermi D, Traore EMA, Ouattara S, Djigma F, et al. Molecular characterization of High-risk Human Papillomavirus gentotypes involved in invasive cervical cancer from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. International Journal of Current Research. 2016;8(9):39314-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZohoncon TM, Ouedraogo TC, Brun LVC, Obiri-Yeboah D, Djigma WF, Kabibou S, et al. Molecular Epidemiology of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and in Cervical Cancer in Parakou, Republic of Benin. Pak J Biol Sci. 2016;19(2):49-56.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTraore IM, Zohoncon TM, Dembele A, Djigma FW, Obiri-Yeboah D, Traore G, et al. Molecular Characterization of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Women in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:7092583.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGizzo S, Ferrari B, Noventa M, Ferrari E, Patrelli TS, Gangemi M, et al. Male and couple fertility impairment due to HPV-DNA sperm infection: update on molecular mechanism and clinical impact--systematic review. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:230263.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNasseri S, Monavari SH, Keyvani H, Nikkhoo B, Vahabpour Roudsari R, Khazeni M. The prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection in the oligospermic and azoospermic men. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015;29:272.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLai YM, Lee JF, Huang HY, Soong YK, Yang FP, Pao CC. The effect of human papillomavirus infection on sperm cell motility. Fertil Steril. 1997;67(6):1152-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLyu Z, Feng X, Li N, Zhao W, Wei L, Chen Y, et al. Human papillomavirus in semen and the risk for male infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):714.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVardas E, Giuliano AR, Goldstone S, Palefsky JM, Moreira ED, Jr., Penny ME, et al. External genital human papillomavirus prevalence and associated factors among heterosexual men on 5 continents. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(1):58-65.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNyitray AG, Carvalho da Silva RJ, Baggio ML, Lu B, Smith D, Abrahamsen M, et al. Age-specific prevalence of and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) among men who have sex with women and men who have sex with men: the HPV in men (HIM) study. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(1):49-57.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoldstone S, Palefsky JM, Giuliano AR, Moreira ED, Jr., Aranda C, Jessen H, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(1):66-74.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e "}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"HPV, real time PCR, genotypes, Men, Burkina Faso","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.2.18484/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.18484/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a public health problem in Africa because of its frequency and its various consequences in both men and women. In Burkina Faso, there is little data on the carriage of HPV infection in male subjects. This study aimed to determine the carriage of HPV infection in male subjects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethods This was a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2015 to September 2016. During this study period, a total of 124 male subjects who gave informed consent were recruited as part of a fertility assessment. Semen samples were analyzed by Real- Time PCR using Real TM Quant High Risk Screen HPV kit to detect 14 high-risk HPV genotypes. The Chi square test was used for comparisons.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults Of the 124 male subjects, 22 were positive for at least one high-risk HPV, with a prevalence of 17.7%. HPV 56 was the most represented genotype with a frequency of 20%, followed by HPV 39 (11%) and HPV 68 (11%), HPV 16 (8%). The genotypes HPV 18, HPV33, HPV35, HPV51 and HPV52 also had the same frequency of 6% each and the HPV 31, 45, 59 and 66 had the same frequency of 3% each. Of the 22 positive cases, 10 were multiple infections. Spermocytogram of patients showed at least one abnormality in 87.9% of cases. Necrozoospermia and oligozoospermia were the most abnormalities observed with 42% and 40% respectively followed by asthenospermia (18%); teratozoospermia (16%) and azoospermia (14%).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusion This study showed that like women, men are infected by HPV with a relatively high prevalence. In addition, the predominant genotypes in the male subjects of this study are not those targeted by the HPV vaccines available in our countries. Hence the need to reinforce the strategies for controlling HPV infection and HPV prophylactic vaccination for young boys.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Carriage of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in male subjects in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2019-12-10 00:42:56","doi":"10.21203/rs.2.18484/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"88573b0f-ba3d-4444-8cd0-9862e3e64b2b","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 10th, 2019","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":40629,"name":"Infectious Diseases"},{"id":40630,"name":"Epidemiology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2019-12-10 00:42:56","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9104","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"identity":"rs-9104","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"oE6Zbj460LM0Up2FdVbMZ","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}