Integrated optimization of train schedules and cotransportation plans for a passenger-freight metro line

Integrated optimization of train schedules and cotransportation plans for a passenger-freight metro line | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Integrated optimization of train schedules and cotransportation plans for a passenger-freight metro line Zhen Di, Hanqi Zuo, Housheng Zhou, Jianguo Qi, Shenghu Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4532266/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Against the backdrop of developing metro-based passenger and freight cotransportation plans, this study investigates the integrated optimization problem of train schedules and flow control for a metro line shared by passenger and freight transport, in which passengers and freight share trains. Given a set of time-dependent passenger and freight demands, this problem requires determining the space--time trajectories and passenger/freight capacities for trains while also assigning the demands to these trains. By introducing the train selection variables, carriage arrangement variables and flow assignment variables, the problem of interest is formulated as an integer linear programming model for minimizing the weighted sum of the number of freight carriages, the waiting time of all passengers and the delay of all freights. The primal model has good mathematical properties, i.e., it is equivalent to a mixed-integer linear programming model, which allows the commercial solver to find the exact solution of the model more efficiently. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, several numerical examples with different scales are tested. The relevant results show that only by integrating the optimization of train schedules and cotransportation plans can the efficiency of the whole cotransportation system be improved to the greatest extent. Metro-based passenger and freight cotransportation Train schedule Carriage arrangement Flow assignment Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4532266","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":311856223,"identity":"1f592a35-6bb2-41b6-8100-685e158c8889","order_by":0,"name":"Zhen Di","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"East China Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhen","middleName":"","lastName":"Di","suffix":""},{"id":311856224,"identity":"0f3fb53e-4494-4e7a-938c-07c6fdfa22cb","order_by":1,"name":"Hanqi Zuo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"East China Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hanqi","middleName":"","lastName":"Zuo","suffix":""},{"id":311856225,"identity":"24717fd8-81e1-4107-abb5-95b3b8c673b9","order_by":2,"name":"Housheng Zhou","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfmbGhgMSBhJy/BIMCSABxgZCWiTbmRsPWFRYGEvOYEhsIEqLwXn25gMVZyoSN9yAqCasheEw0GE32ySMjW83PH/Mw2Aju+EA87MH+HQwNjM2HJzZJiFndudAYjMPQ5rxhgNs5gb4tDADvX9YEmiL2Y0EkJbDiRsO8LBJ4NPCBtLyt00icfMMsJb/hLXwgAP5jETiBgmwlgOEtUiAtVRIGEsA/TJzjkGy8czDbGZ4tdifP/74g4RBnRz/7J6ED28q7GT7jjc/w6sF2Y0JwGgC0sxEqgcC9gPEqx0Fo2AUjIIRBQBp/E6FBNjYBAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Housheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":311856226,"identity":"90eac475-b713-445e-b0e3-61838b827de7","order_by":3,"name":"Jianguo Qi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jianguo","middleName":"","lastName":"Qi","suffix":""},{"id":311856227,"identity":"3b48f5dd-969c-4fa9-b4a6-c101eb60ec64","order_by":4,"name":"Shenghu Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangxi Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shenghu","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-05 07:53:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4532266/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4532266/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60226731,"identity":"eb50838e-63df-4fba-aeaa-4c63298e4a71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-13 15:45:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1380588,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4532266/v1_covered_6895e44b-f5f9-44b6-a929-2038c48615eb.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Integrated optimization of train schedules and cotransportation plans for a passenger-freight metro line","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Metro-based passenger and freight cotransportation, Train schedule, Carriage arrangement, Flow assignment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4532266/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4532266/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Against the backdrop of developing metro-based passenger and freight cotransportation plans, this study investigates the integrated optimization problem of train schedules and flow control for a metro line shared by passenger and freight transport, in which passengers and freight share trains. 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