Land Characteristics and Suitability for Asian Captive Elephant Habitat Areas in Myanmar Elephant Conservation-Based Tourism Camps

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The purpose of this study is to assess land suitability in habitat areas, integrating the Soil Stories Index Rating and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis that are based on key environmental variables. The Soil Stories Index was calculated based on soil physical and chemical characteristics and then reclassified into soil grades to quantify the land’s potential and productive capacity for elephants’ vegetation growth. A multi-criteria evaluation framework using Liebig’s law of the minimum was applied to identify the most significant factors that constrain habitat quality. Results indicate that areas with high soil fertility, gentle slope and low elevation, appropriate land cover, and proximity to a river constitute the most suitable elephant habitats. The integration of the Stories Index and Multi-Environmental Criteria Decision Analysis significantly provides the ecological relevance for captive elephants, ensuring that their survival requirements are adequately addressed. The final habitat suitability class provides current land conditions and a scientific basis for conservation planning, habitat management, long-term suitability for elephant habitat, and protection strategies for captive elephant populations in tourism camps. Asian Elephants Habitat Suitability Stories Index Soil Rating Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 1. Introduction Myanmar is home to the largest captive elephant population in both Asia and the world, with approximately 5000 elephants (Crawley, et al., 2020). In 2025, over 200 captive elephants are maintained by establishing 25 elephant conservation-based tourism camps throughout the country, which is a popular alternative enterprise that offers close human-elephant interactions, environmental education, and ecotourism experiences. While these elephant tourism camps provide a new purpose for captive elephant conservation, they also face environmental challenges. One such concern is the impact of high-density elephant populations on the landscape and land suitability within these limited tourist camp areas. Captive elephants are surviving within these limited areas allocated as foraging areas by the Forest Department; however, they still rely on a range of ecological and environmental conditions in their natural habitat to meet their needs, similar to the wild elephants, including diverse food supply, adequate water availability, appropriate space to roam, and social interactions with others in their natural habitat. Elephants generally favor low elevation (Taher, et al., 2021), and Asian Sumatran elephants in Aceh preferred areas with lower elevation (< 200 m) (Wilson, et al., 2021). In Myanmar,(Thant, et al., 2023) explored that the highest frequency elevation used by wild elephants was 0-200 m, while it gradually declined up to 800 m in altitude. Elephants avoid steep or rocky terrain (Sukumar, 2003 ).(Berti, et al., 2025 ) reported that 94% of the elephants avoided high terrain and steep slopes.(Wall, et al., 2006) also found that elephants preferred areas with gentle or flat slopes to avoid overheating, insufficient water and forage, energy expenditure, and potential risk of injury. Moreover,(Lagendijk, et al., 2015) proved that soils on foot slopes occur with higher nutrient concentrations and species richness than on crests; therefore, foot slopes can support more abundant vegetation for elephant habitat. The daily food intake for elephants averages 1.0-1.2 % of body mass for males and non-lactating females and about 1.2–1.5 % for lactating females (Owen-Smith, 1988 ), and daily water consumption is about 25–50 gallons per animal, or 100 − 200 liters (Vancuylenberg, 1977 ). Therefore, fertile soils that can offer good quality foage that fulfills the daily food intake and the nutritional requirements of elephants and maintain access to water also play an important role in habitat suitability. Regarding land cover,(Jue, et al., 2024) discovered captive elephants preferred the woody habitat consisting mainly of short trees, bushes, shrubs, and bamboo more than other land uses. Suitable land criteria for elephant habitat areas are a combination of gentle slopes and low elevation to move easily, appropriate soil types, land cover/land use to provide sufficient forage, shade, and space for elephants, and close proximity to rivers for reliable access to clean water sources, all of which contribute to the elephants' physical and habitat environment well-being. However, in recent years, elephant habitat has been degraded due to anthropogenic activities and natural pressure, including climate change, land cover changes, and human encroachment. Moreover, the Asian elephant is threatened by the rapid loss and fragmentation of their habitat (Sukumar, 2006 ). These consequences result in the emergence of limiting factors in elephant habitat suitability, potentially leading to habitat degradation. A high suitability habitat can support good health, reduced stress levels, more chances to express their natural feeding behaviors, and coexistence with humans by minimizing conflicts, conversely, less suitability correlates directly with elephant aggressive behavior due to stress and increased human-elephant incidents. Therefore, conducting land capability and suitability assessments based on its habitat characteristics significantly highlights elephant habitat preference and provides valuable insights into the potential for sustainable habitat conservation. In previous studies (Rendana, et al., 2023), (Rafaai, et al., 2025) utilized spatial modeling and a multi-criteria decision analysis approach to analyze habitat suitability for Asian elephants. Additionally, for land suitability assessment (Fadl, et al., 2025 ) explored land capability in arid regions in Egypt based on physical and chemical soil properties using an integrated approach combining the Storie Index, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and spatial modeling techniques. Through identifying limiting factors using Liebig’s law of minimum, (Rahmawaty, et al., 2023) carried out land characteristics and land suitability assessment for Styrax sp. in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. With a specific conservation focus on elephant protection and constructing a secure and high-quality habitat, the Myanmar government has launched the Myanmar Elephant Conservation Action Plan 2018–2027 for both wild and captive elephants. Additionally, recent studies in Myanmar observed the home range and habitat preference of semi-captive elephants in Myanmar elephant tourism camps(Jue, et al., 2024), and(Thant, et al., 2023) discovered wild elephant habitat suitability in Myanmar. Despite many studies on wild elephant habitat suitability in Myanmar and also Southeast Asia, there are few studies on captive elephant habitat suitability. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the habitat suitability of Asian captive elephants in Myanmar tourism camps using the story index soil rating and multi-environmental criteria decision analysis, highlighting current land capacity and limiting factors on elephant habitat while providing a greater goal for the development of welfare-based habitat management. The research objectives for this study were: To calculate the soil stories index rating to assess the land capability in twenty-five captive elephant habitat areas in Myanmar. To investigate which environmental factors are limiting elephant habitat suitability. To provide recommendations for suitable habitat management that enhance captive elephant welfare, mitigate human-elephant conflict, and contribute to the development of long-term government policy on elephant conservation. 2. Methods 2.1 Study Aea The study was conducted at 25 elephant conservation–based tourism camps developed by the Myanma Timber Enterprise throughout Myanmar. 2.2 Soil Data Collection The secondary soil data for each study site were downloaded from SoilGrids 250m ( ISRIC-World Soil Information ), adding geo-coordinates of each elephant camp study area. The stratified purposive sampling method was used to collect five soil samples for each area at both (0–20 cm) and (20–40 cm) depths to ensure representative coverage for both surface and sub-surface. In total, one hundred and twenty-five soil samples for 25 elephant camps. Sampling was done in a zig-zag way. The resulting physical and chemical properties of soil samples were used to calculate the Soil Stories Index Rating (Storie, 1978 ) to analyze land suitability assessment in elephant habitat areas. Stories Index Soil rating = (factor A %x factor B% x factor C% x factor X%) x 100 where factor A = Rating on the character of the physical soil profile, factor B = Rating based on surface texture, factor C = Rating based on slope, and factor X = Rating of conditions other than those in factor A, B, and C. For factor A to determine physical soil profile, geology, lithology, and topography formations were evaluated; for factor B, the percentage of clay, silt, and sand was used to calculate soil texture according to the USDA soil texture triangle. For factor C rating on slope, slope was calculated from a digital elevation model, and then soil type, coarse fragment, landscape position, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were considered to access for factor X in rating conditions other than those in factors A, B, and C. After calculation, the resulting data of each habitat areas were compared to the standard table of land evaluation to know the grades of soil capability. These grades and their characterization are described as follows: Grade 1 (excellent): Soil that rate between 80 and 100 percent, which is suitable for almost all crops. Grade 2 (good): Soils that rate between 60 and 79 percent, which are suitable for most crops with good to excellent yields. Grade 3 (fair): Soils that rate between 40 and 59 percent, which are generally of fair quality. Grade 4 (poor): Soils that rate between 20 and 39 percent, which give satisfactory production with some crops and not good for others. Grade 5 (very poor): Soils that rate between 10 and 19 percent are of limited use. Grade 6 (nonagricultural): Soils rated below 10 percent are not suitable for any economic land use. 2.3 Environmental data The equipment and materials for spatial analysis are as follows: a computer with ArcGIS 10.8 software and Myanmar Map, which included information belonging to geology, lithology, elevation, slope, land cover/land use map, soil type, and river map. The studied parameters of this study are (1) slope, (2) elevation, (3) soil type (4) land use/land cover, (5) distance to river were taken into multicriteria decision land suitability analysis. These five environmental factors are very fundamental in habitat suitability and are commonly used in recent research. The land characteristics and habitat criteria for Asian elephants’ habitat were adopted and modified from the results of previous studies (Taher, et al., 2021) (Thant, et al., 2023) (Rendana, et al., 2023) (Rahmawaty, et al., 2023) (Das & Behera, 2025 ) compiled land characteristics and Asian elephant habitat criteria presented in table (1). The limiting factors which determine habitat quality was then identified using Liebig’s law of the minimum and then land suitability was categorized according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) framework, namely: highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable ( S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (S4). The final suitability ranking was decided based on poorest class of a single environmental variable as well as its degree of impact on habitat. Table 1 Evaluation Criteria of habitat characteristics for Asian Elephants Land Characteristics Class Suitability (S1) (S2) (S3) (N) Slope (%) Gently Sloping 0–8 Moderately Sloping 9–15 Strongly Sloping 16–25 Steep > 25 Elevation (m) Low 0-200 Moderate > 200–400 High > 400–800 Very high > 800 Land Cover Closed Forest/ Opened Forest Wooded land Wetland Others land/ Cropland/ Grassland Mangrove/ Snow/ Water/ Settlements Soil Type High Fertile Moderate Fertile Slight Fertile - Distance to river (km) 0–2 > 2–5 > 5–7 > 7 Table 2 Land Suitability Classification Suitability Class Explanation Highly Suitable (S1) There are no significant limitation or only insignificant boundaries which have no effect on habitat. Moderately Suitable (S2) Minor obstacles, however, can be fixed within careful management. Marginally Suitable (S3) Severe limitations which lead to habitat degradation can be maintained through intensive habitat management. Not Suitable (N) Habitat with irreversible and permanent limitations. 3. Results 3.1 Soil Characteristics of the Study Sites Tables (3) and (4) present a descriptive statistical analysis of soil physical and chemical properties at both depths (0- 20 cm) and (20- 40 cm) downloaded from SoilGrids 250 m ( ISRIC-World Soil Information ). The soil pH differed from 5.3 to 6.8 in the surface and from 5.4 to 7 in the sub-surface, respectively, with a mean value of around 6. The analyzed soil varied between slightly acidic to neutral. Regarding cation exchange capacity (CEC), it ranged from 15.4 to 28.44 at the surface layer while the sub-surface layer ranged from 15.44 to 28.58 with an average of nearly 20 cmol(c) per kg, which indicated moderate soil fertility. For soil texture analysis, the percentage of clay showed variation from 27.14 to 35.68 with a mean value of 31.20 in the surface whereas sub-surface varied from 28.78 to 39.84 with a mean value of 34.95. The percentage of silt ranged from 26.84 to 41.08 in the surface with an average of 33.85 and ranged from 26 to 38.5 in the surface with an average of 32.13. The sand percentage also ranged from 26.56 to 42.58 with a mean value 34.85 at the surface layer and ranged from 24.16 to 39.88 with a mean value of 32.89 at the sub-surface layer. In volume of coarse fragments content percentage, in the surface, it varied from 13.06 to 28.6 with an average of 20.79 while in the sub-surface, it also varied from 15.16 to 31.56 with an average of 22.30. Table. 3 . The Descriptive Statistical Analysis of the Studied Soil Profiles in Surface at 0-20 cm Statistical parameter Clay (%) Silt (%) Sand (%) Volume of coarse fragments (%) pH CEC (cmol(c)/kg) Mean 31.20 33.85 34.85 20.79 5.96 20.11 SD 2.28 4.31 4.09 3.38 0.40 3.97 SE 0.46 0.86 0.82 0.68 0.08 0.79 SV 5.22 18.53 16.73 11.43 0.16 15.76 Minimum 27.14 26.84 26.56 13.06 5.3 15.4 Maximum 35.68 41.08 42.58 28.6 6.8 28.44 Abbreviations: Standard Error (SE); Standard Deviation (SD); Sample Variance (SV); Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Table. 4 . The Descriptive Statistical Analysis of the Studied Soil Profiles in Sub-Surface at 20-40 cm Statistical parameter Clay (%) Silt (%) Sand (%) Volume of coarse fragments (%) pH CEC (cmol(c)/kg) Mean 34.95 32.13 32.89 22.30 6.02 20.03 SD 2.97 4.18 3.79 3.62 0.44 3.97 SE 0.59 0.84 0.76 0.72 0.08 0.79 SV 8.85 17.44 14.34 13.09 1.96 15.78 Minimum 28.78 26 24.16 15.16 5.4 15.44 Maximum 39.84 38.5 39.88 31.56 7 28.58 Abbreviations: Standard Error (SE); Standard Deviation (SD); Sample Variance (SV); Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). 3.2 Stories Index Soil Rating Table. 5 . Rating Score Percentage for factor A, Rating on Physical Profile No Name of the Elephant Camp Lithology Group Rating on character of Physical Soil Profile (factor A) Score (%) 1 Palin Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate I recent alluvium and flood plains 100 2 Moe Ma Kha Moderately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate I recent alluvium and gravel 80 3 Nga Laik Sakanthar Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III older alluvial plains and moderately developed soil 80 4 Walma Unconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium II young alluvial and gravel 80 5 Khine Khan Unconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium II young alluvial and gravel 80 6 Thousand Bawdi Unconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium II young alluvial and gravel 80 7 Phoe Kyar Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III soil have moderately developed profile 80 8 Shwe Kyun Taw Unconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium II soils on secondary deposits and gravel 80 9 Nat Myaw Unconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium II soils on secondary deposits and gravel 80 10 Moukkar Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III soils on older alluvial plains having moderately developed profile 80 11 Myaing Hay Won Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III soils on older alluvial plains having moderately developed profile 80 12 Win Ga Baw Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III older alluvial and moderately soil 80 13 Pyar Swal Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III older alluvial plains and gravel 70 14 Nat Pauk Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III soils on older alluvial and gravel 70 15 Thiri Khit Tayar Unconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium II soils on secondary deposits and shallow phase on consolidated material 70 16 Sa Ni Taung Moderately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate IX soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks 70 17 Ngwe Saung Moderately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate IX soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks 70 18 Za Lon Taung Sandstone, shale, limestone, coal IX soils on upland area underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks 60 19 7 Miles Elephant Hospital Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III soils on terrace having consolidated material 60 20 Myaw Yaw Gyi Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate III older alluvial and consolidated 60 21 Ta Lae Nal Moderately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate IX soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks 60 22 Shan Yoe Ma Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, minor conglomerate, some metamorphosed rocks VIII moderate soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks 60 23 Shwe Sett Taw Sandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate, gravel III older alluvial and shallow phases on consolidated material 60 24 Wanet hard, lithified sedimentary rocks; sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate VIII moderate shallow soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks 50 25 Dee Dot hard, lithified sedimentary rocks; sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate VIII soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks 50 Table (5) resulted in the rating on the character of physical soil (factor A), which was determined based on geology formation, lithology, and topography aspects dominated in 24 elephant camps. Ngalaik Sakanthar, Nat Pauk, Pyar Swal, Win Ga Baw, Myaw Yaw Gyi, Phoe Kyar, 7 Miles elephant hospital, Moukkar, Myaing Hay Won, and Shwe Sett Taw fall under group III but they differ in score rating due to soils on older alluvial or terrace having moderately developed, being shallow and gravel. Walma, Khie Khan, Thousand Bawdi, Thiri Khit Tayar, Shwe Kyun Taw, and Nat Myaw are classified under group II because those areas developed on young alluvial sediments derived from river processes; however, their scores vary upon soil characteristics such as slightly developed profile, shallow phase, and gravel present. Palin and Moe Ma Kha are under group I showing recent alluvium but their scores differ. Wanet, Dee Dot, and Shan Yoe Ma camps are under group VIII, and Za Lon Taung, Ta Lae Nal, Sa Ni Taung, and Ngwe Saung are categorized under group IX because those soils on upland areas underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks. Table (6) showed the result of soil surface texture, which was determined according to the USDA Soil Texture Triangle based on the percentage of clay, silt, and sand. As a result, except for Walma, other habitat areas are classified as clay loam at the surface layer. Walma is classified as silty clay loam. At the sub-surface layer, all areas are classified as clay loam. However, in rating factor B of the Stories Index Soil Rating, percentage of coarse fragment is also considered to determine whether the soil should be rated as gravelly or stony according to (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2006). The score on the rating on the basis of slope is presented in table (7). Among twenty-five study sites, Ngalaik, Walma, Nat Pauk, Pyar Swal, Thousand Bawdi, Win Ga Baw, Thiri Khit Tayar, Myaing Hay Won, Ta Lae Nal, Sa Ni Taung, and Moe Ma Kha are categorized as gently sloping. Palin, Phoe Kyar, Shwe Kyun Taw, Nat Myaw, Moukkar, and Shwe Sett Taw are classified as moderately sloping, and Za Lon Taung, Myaw yaw Gyi, 7 miles elephant hospital, and Ngwe Saung are found as strongly sloping. Khine Khan, Wanet and Dee Dot are identified as steep, whereas Shan Yoe Ma is classified as very steep. Table (8) displayed the results of rating on in factor X at both depths the surface (0-20cm) and sub-surface layer (20-40 cm) across all elephant habitat areas while the score varies considering on soil physical and chemical conditions determining on drainage, soil type, alkali or acidity (pH) and nutrient fertility (Cation Exchange Capacity). Table. 6 . Rating Score Percentage for factor B, Rating on Surface Texture No Name of the Elephant Camp Depth (cm) Group Rating on basis of surface texture Score (%) 1 Palin 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Gravelly clay loam noncalcareous Gravelly clay loam 90 80 2 Walma 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Gravelly Silty clay loam noncalcareous Gravelly clay loam 90 80 3 Nga Laik Sakanthar 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Medium textured clay loam noncalcareous clay loam noncalcareous 85 85 4 Thousand Bawdi 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Medium textured clay loam noncalcareous clay loam noncalcareous 85 85 5 Win Ga Baw 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Medium textured clay loam noncalcareous clay loam noncalcareous 85 85 6 Phoe Kyar 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Medium textured clay loam noncalcareous clay loam noncalcareous 85 85 7 Thiri Khit Tayar 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Medium textured clay loam noncalcareous clay loam noncalcareous 85 85 8 Myaw Yaw Gyi 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Gravelly clay loam noncalcareous Gravelly clay loam 85 80 9 Wanet 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Gravelly clay loam noncalcareous gravelly clay loam 85 80 10 Dee Dot 0-20 20-40 Medium textured Gravelly clay loam noncalcareous gravelly clay loam 85 80 11 Pyar Swal 0-20 20- 40 Gravelly Gravelly Gravelly clay loam Gravelly clay loam 80 80 12 Moukkar 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 80 80 13 Sa Ni Taung 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 80 70 14 Shan Yoe Ma 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 80 70 15 Myaing Hay Won 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 80 70 16 Shwe Sett Taw 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 80 70 17 7 Miles Elephant Hospital 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 70 70 18 Shwe Kyun Taw 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 70 70 19 Khine Khan 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly Gravelly clay loam Gravelly clay loam 70 60 20 Nat Pauk 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly Gravelly clay loam Gravelly clay loam 70 60 21 Nat Myaw 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 70 60 22 Moe Ma Kha 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 70 60 23 Ngwe Saung 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Gravelly gravelly clay loam gravelly clay loam 70 60 24 Ta Lae Nal 0-20 20- 40 Stony Stony stony clay loam stony clay loam 60 60 25 Za Lon Taung 0-20 20-40 Gravelly Stony Gravelly clay loam Stony clay loam 60 50 Table. 7 . Rating Score Percentage for factor B, Rating on Slope No Name of the Elephant Camp Slope (%) Rating of Slope (%) Score (%) 1 Nga Laik Sakanthar 6 Gently sloping 95 2 Myaing Hay Won 5 Gently sloping 95 3 Sa Ni Taung 7 Gently sloping 95 4 Pyar Swal 6 Gently sloping 95 5 Thousand Bawdi 7 Gently sloping 90 6 Thiri Khit Tayar 6 Gently sloping 90 7 Moe Ma Kha 6 Gently sloping 90 8 Walma 8 Gently sloping 85 9 Nat Pauk 8 Undulating 85 10 Win Ga Baw 6 Undulating 85 11 Palin 10 Moderately sloping 85 12 Nat Myaw 12 Moderately sloping 85 13 Ta Lae Nal 12 Moderately sloping 85 14 Myaw Yaw Gyi 16 Strongly sloping 80 15 Phoe Kyar 10 Moderately sloping 80 16 7 Miles Elephant Hospital 19 Strongly slopping 80 17 Shwe Kyun Taw 14 Moderately sloping 80 18 Moukkar 14 Moderately sloping 80 19 Shwe Sett Taw 12 Moderately sloping 80 20 Ngwe Saung 18 Strongly sloping 70 21 Za Lon Taung 26 Strongly sloping 70 22 Wanet 37 Steep 50 23 Dee Dot 30 Steep 50 24 Khine Khan 42 Steep 40 25 Shan Yoe Ma 46 Very steep 30 The data obtained from the soil rating percentage using Storie Index method is summarized in table (9). Among 25 camps, especially only Palin camp achieved the highest soil rating percentage at both depths 72.67 % at 0-20 cm depth and 64.6 % at 20- 40 cm depth followed by Myaing Hay Won camp, Win Ga Baw camp, Thousand Baw Di Camp and Nga Laik Sakanthar camp with receiving above 50 percentage at both surface and sub-surface layer. However, Shan Yoe Ma camp demonstrates the lowest percentage with a value of 12.24 % at surface layer and 10.71 % at sub-surface layer respectively. The obtained soil rating data for each camp was compared to the standard table of the land capability analysis in Stories Index Soil Rating to identify the grades of the land capability. Soil having between 80 and 100 percent is identified as Grade 1 (excellent), soil having between 60 and 79 percent is rated as Grade 2 (good), soil having between 40 and 59 percent is classified as Grade 3 (fair), soil having between 20 and 39 percent is classified as Grade 4 (poor), soil having between 10 and 19 percent is categorized as Grade 5 (very poor) and soil below 10 percent is classified as Grade 6 (non-agricultural). Significantly, a decline in suitability class was found in Za Lon Taung camp, shifting from poor in surface layer (0-20 cm) to very poor grade in sub-surface layer, and also Moe Ma Kha camp decreased from fair to poor condition, reflecting a transition to more limiting conditions in the sub-surface layers. For which areas overall soil grading, lower grade is utilized to ensure elephants’ habitat safety. The soil garde for 25 elephant camps was described in figure (7). Table. 8 . Rating score percentage for factor X No Name of the Elephant Camp Depth (cm) Drainage (%) pH Fertility (%) Explanation Factor X (%) 1 Palin 0-20 20-40 90 90 100 100 95 95 Neutral pH, well drained, fair fertility Neutral pH, well drained, fair fertility 95 95 2 Win Ga Baw 0-20 20-40 90 90 95 95 100 100 Slightly acidic, well-drained, high fertility Slightly acidic, well-drained, high fertility 95 95 3 Myaing Hay Won 0-20 20-40 95 95 90 90 100 100 Moderately acidic, well drained, high fertility Moderately acidic, well drained, high fertility 95 95 4 Shwe Sett Taw 0-20 20-40 95 95 95 95 95 95 Slightly acidic, well drained, fairly fertility Slightly acidic, well drained, fairly fertility 95 95 5 Ta Lae Nal 0-20 20-40 95 95 90 90 100 100 Moderately acidic, well drained, high fertility Moderately acidic, well drained, high fertility 95 95 6 Moukkar 0-20 20-40 95 95 80 90 95 100 Moderately acidic, well drained, fair fertility Moderately acidic, well drained, high fertility 90 95 7 Phoe Kyar 0-20 20-40 90 90 85 85 95 95 Moderately acidic, well drained, fair fertility Moderately acidic, well drained, fair fertility 90 90 8 Moe Ma Kha 0-20 20-40 75 75 95 95 100 100 Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility 90 90 9 Ngwe Saung 0-20 20-40 80 80 90 90 100 100 Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility 90 90 10 Thousand Bawdi 0-20 20-40 85 85 100 100 70 85 Neutral pH, well drained, poor fertility Neutral pH, well drained, fair fertility 85 90 11 Pyar Swal 0-20 20-40 85 85 80 80 90 90 Moderately acidic, fairly well drained and fair fertility Moderately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility 85 85 12 Myaw Yaw Gyi 0-20 20-40 85 85 80 80 90 90 Moderately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility Moderately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility 85 85 13 7 Miles Elephant Hospital 0-20 20-40 95 95 80 80 80 80 Strongly acidic, well drained, fair fertility Strongly acidic, well drained, fair fertility 85 85 14 Thiri Khit Tayar 0-20 20-40 80 80 85 85 90 90 Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, fairly fertility Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, fairly fertility 85 85 15 Shwe Kyun Taw 0-20 20-40 80 80 85 85 90 90 Slightly acidic, fair well drained and fair fertility Slightly acidic, fairly well drained and fair fertility 85 85 16 Shan Yoe Ma 0-20 20-40 85 85 80 80 90 90 Moderately acidic, fairly well drained, fairly fertility Moderately acidic, fairly well drained, fair fertility 85 85 17 Dee Dot 0-20 20-40 90 90 85 85 80 80 Slightly acidic, fairly well drained and fair fertility Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, and fair fertility 85 85 18 Nga Laik Sakanthar 0-20 20-40 65 65 85 85 90 90 slightly acidic, moderately waterlogged and fairly fertility slightly acidic, moderately waterlogged and fairly fertility 80 80 19 Nat Pauk 0-20 20-40 80 80 80 80 80 80 Strongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility Strongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility 80 80 20 Za Lon Taung 0-20 20-40 80 80 80 80 80 80 Strongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility Strongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility 80 80 21 Nat Myaw 0-20 20-40 80 80 80 80 80 80 Moderately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility Moderately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility 80 80 22 Wanet 0-20 20-40 85 85 85 85 70 70 Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility Slightly acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility 80 80 23 Sa Ni Taung 0-20 20-40 45 70 85 85 80 85 Slightly acidic, moderately waterlogged, fairly fertility Slightly acidic, moderately waterlogged, high fertility 70 80 24 Khine Khan 0-20 20-40 80 80 80 80 65 65 Moderately acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility Moderately acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility 75 75 25 Walma 0-20 20-40 40 40 80 80 60 60 Moderately acidic, moderately waterlogged, fairly fertility Moderately acidic, moderately waterlogged, fairly fertility 60 60 Table. 9 . Results of Stories Index Soil Rating Percentage in 25 Elephant Tourism Camps No Name of the Elephant Camp Depth (cm) Factor A (%) Factor B (%) Factor C (%) Factor X (%) Index (%) 1 Palin 0-20 20-40 100 100 90 80 85 85 95 95 72.67 64.6 2 Myaing Hay Won 0-20 20- 40 80 80 80 70 95 95 95 95 57.76 50.54 3 Win Ga Baw 0-20 20-40 80 80 85 85 85 85 95 95 54.91 54.91 4 Thousand Bawdi 0-20 20-40 80 80 85 85 90 90 85 90 52.02 55.08 5 Nga Laik Sakanthar 0-20 20-40 80 80 85 85 95 95 80 80 51.68 51.68 6 Phoe Kyar 0-20 20-40 80 80 85 85 80 80 90 90 48.96 48.96 7 Moukkar 0-20 20-40 80 80 80 80 80 80 90 95 46.08 48.64 8 Thiri Khit Tayar 0-20 20-40 70 70 85 85 90 90 85 85 45.52 45.52 9 Moe Ma Kha 0-20 20-40 80 80 70 60 90 90 90 90 45.36 38.88 10 Pyar Swal 0-20 20-40 70 70 80 80 95 95 85 85 45.22 45.22 11 Shwe Kyun Taw 0-20 20-40 80 80 70 70 80 80 85 85 38.08 38.08 12 Nat Myaw 0-20 20-40 80 80 70 60 85 85 80 80 38.08 32.64 13 Sa Ni Taung 0-20 20-40 70 70 80 70 95 95 70 80 37.24 37.24 14 Walma 0-20 20-40 80 80 90 80 85 85 60 60 36.72 32.64 15 Shwe Sett Taw 0-20 20-40 60 60 80 70 80 80 95 95 36.48 31.92 16 Myaw Yaw Gyi 0-20 20-40 60 60 85 80 80 80 85 85 34.68 32.64 17 Nat Pauk 0-20 20-40 70 70 70 60 85 85 80 80 33.32 28.56 18 Ngwe Saung 0-20 20-40 70 70 70 60 70 70 90 90 30.87 26.46 19 Ta Lae Nal 0-20 20-40 60 60 60 60 90 90 95 95 29.07 29.07 20 7 Miles Elephant Hospital 0-20 20-40 60 60 70 70 80 80 85 85 28.56 28.56 21 Za Lon Taung 0-20 20-40 60 60 60 50 70 70 80 80 20.16 16.8 22 Dee Dot 0-20 20-40 50 50 85 80 50 50 85 85 18.06 17 23 Wanet 0-20 20-40 50 50 85 80 50 50 80 80 17 16 24 Khine Khan 0-20 20-40 80 80 70 60 40 40 75 75 16.8 14.4 25 Shan Yoe Ma 0-20 20-40 60 60 80 70 30 30 85 85 12.24 10.71 Figure. 7 . Soil Rating Percentage and Soil Grading at 25 Asian Captive Elephant Tourism Camps in Myanmar 3.3 Environmental Determining Factors for Multi- Criteria Decision Analysis Table. 10 . Matching of influencing Environmental Variables using Elephants’ Habitat Requirements Name of the camp Elevation (m) Class Slope (%) Class Soil (Type) Class Land Use (Type) Class Distance to River (km) Class Nga Laik Sakanthar Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Eutric gleysols S2 Opened Forest S1 1.2 S1 Walma Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Humic gleysols S3 Other Wooded Land S2 0.6 S1 Khine Khan High (400-800) S3 Steep (>25) N Humic cambisols S3 Closed Forest S1 8.8 N Nat Pauk Moderate (200-400) S2 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Orthic acrisols S3 Other Wooded Land S2 14.6 N Za Lon Taung Moderate (200-400) S2 Steep (>25) N Orthic acrisols S3 Closed Forest S1 11.3 N Pyar Swal Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Orthic acrisols S3 Other Wooded Land S2 5.4 S3 Palin Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Chromic luvisols S1 Settlement N 0.9 S1 Thousand Bawdi Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Chromic luvisols S1 Cropland S3 3.6 S1 Win Ga Baw Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Distric nitosols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 2.8 S1 Myaw Yaw Gyi Low (0-200) S1 Strongly Sloping (16-25) S3 Eutric gleysols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 1.4 S1 Phoe Kyar Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Distric nitosols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 4.7 S1 7 Miles Elephant Hospital Low (0-200) S1 Strongly Sloping (16-25) S3 Distric nitosols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 13.8 N Thiri Khit Tayar Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Eutric gleysols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 8.4 N Shwe Kyun Taw Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Eutric gleysols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 1.5 S1 Nat Myaw Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Eutric gleysols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 1.4 S1 Moukkar Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Distric nitosols S2 Opened Forest S1 16.9 N Myaing Hay Won Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Distric nitosols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 9.6 N Shwe Kyun Taw Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Ferralic cambisols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 0.3 S1 Wanet Low (0-200) S1 Steep (>25) N Orthic acrisols S3 Other Wooded Land S2 1.3 S1 Dee Dot Low (0-200) S1 Steep (>25) N Orthic acrisols S3 Other Wooded Land S2 0.8 S1 Ta Lae Nal Low (0-200) S1 Moderately Sloping (9-15) S2 Ferralic cambisols S2 Opened Forest S1 0.5 S1 Sa Ni Taung Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Thionic fluvisols S1 Cropland S3 1 S1 Shan Yoe Ma High (400-800) S3 Steep (>25) N Orthic acrisols S3 Other Wooded Land S2 9 N Moe Ma Kha Low (0-200) S1 Gently Sloping (0-8) S1 Eutric gleysols S2 Other Wooded Land S2 22 N Ngwe Saung Low (0-200) S1 Strongly Sloping (16-25) S3 Eutric gleysols S1 Opened Forest S1 25 N The table (10) demonstrated that suitability classes for each environmental parameters is determined with land evaluation criteria for Asian elephant habitat needs according to the data from Figure (6). Based on the findings in table (10), constraint factors affecting elephant habitat are evaluated through a matching method to determine overall habitat suitability. The results of land suitability for 25 camps are outlined in table (11). In evaluation process, there is no consideration for high suitability (S1) and moderately suitability (S2) for each environmental variable. If the area receives two or more severe limiting factors, it is classified as not suitable (N), and if the area has moderate limitations, it is identified as moderate and marginally suitability depending on the degree of their impacts. Table. 11 . Identifying Limiting Factors in Elephant Habitat Areas using Liebig’s Law of the Minimum No Name of the Elephant Camp Suitability Classification Limiting Factors Overall Suitability 1 Nga Laik Sakanthar S1el, S1s, S2st, S1lc, S1dr Highly Suitable 2 Win Ga Baw S1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr Highly Suitable 3 Phoe Kyar S1el, S2s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr Highly Suitable 4 Shwe Kyun Taw S1el, S2e, S2st, S2lc, S1dr Highly Suitable 5 Nat Myaw S1el, S2s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr Highly Suitable 6 Shwe Sett Taw S1el, S2s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr Highly Suitable 7 Ta Lae Nal S1el, S2s, S2st, s1lc, S1dr Highly Suitable 8 Walma S1el, S1s, S3st, S2lc, S1dr Soil type Moderately Suitability 9 Palin S1el, S2s, S1st, N lc, S1dr Land Cover Moderately Suitability 10 Thousand Bawdi S1el, S1s, S1st, S3lc, S1dr Land Cover Moderately Suitability 11 Myaw Yaw Gyi S1el, S3s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr Slope Moderately Suitability 12 Thiri Khit Tayar S1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, N dr Distance to river Moderately Suitability 13 Moukkar S1el, S2s, S2st, S1lc, N dr Distance to river Moderately Suitability 14 Myaing Hay Won S1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, N dr Distance to river Moderately Suitability 15 Sa Ni Taung S1el, S1s, S1st, S3lc, S1dr Land Cover Moderately Suitable 16 Moe Ma Kha S1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, N dr Distance to river Moderately Suitable 17 Nat Pauk S2el, S1s, S3st, S2lc, N dr Soil type, Distance to river Marginally Suitable 18 Pyar Swal S1el, S2s, S3st, S2lc, S3dr Soil type, Distance to river Marginally Suitability 19 7 Miles Elephant Hospital S1el, S3s, S2st, S2lc, N dr Slope, Distance to river Marginally Suitable 20 Wanet S1el, Ns, S3st, S2lc, S1dr Slope, Soil type Marginally Suitable 21 Dee Dot S1el, Ns, S3st, S2lc, S1dr Slope, Soil type Marginally Suitable 22 Ngwe Saung S1el, S3s, S1st, S1lc, N dr Slope, Distance to river Marginally Suitable 23 Khine Khan S3el, Ns, S3st, S1lc, N dr Elevation, Slope, Soil type, Distance to river Not Suitable 24 Za Lon Taung S2el, Ns, S3st, S1lc, N dr Slope, Soil type, Distance to river Not Suitable 25 Shan Yoe Ma S3el, Ns, S3st, S2lc, N dr Elevation, Slope, Soil type, Distance to river Not Suitable As a result from table (11), seven camps are in highly suitable (S1), namely Nga Laik Sakanthar, Win Ga Baw, Phoe Kyar, Nat Myaw and Shwe Kyun Taw, Shwe Sett Taw and Ta Lal Nal camps are identified as highly suitable (S1) because there are no limitations in elephant habitat area and exhibit suitable environmental attributes including low elevation and flat slope to move and forage easily, moderately fertile soil to support forage productivity, suitable land cover for shelter and more food resources and proximity to rivers that can provide adequate water supply. Walma, Palin, Myaw Yaw Gyi, Thousand Bawdi, Thiri Khit Tayar, Moukkar, Myaing Hay Won, Sa Ni Taung, Moe Ma Kha camps are moderately suitable (S2) with moderate limitation in slope, land cover and distance to river and Nat Pauk, Pyar Swal, 7 Miles elephant hospital, Wanet, Dee Dot, Ngwe Saung having marginally suitable (S3) which indicate habitat degradation and particularly, three camps such as Khine Khan, Za Lon Taung and Shan Yoe Ma camps are found that not suitable (N) due to severe limitations which cannot be managed. Figure (8) shows the land suitability in elephant habitat areas obtained using both methods for each elephant conservation- based tourism (ECBT) camps. 4. Discussion Elephant conservation-based tourism (ECBT) camps are located across the whole country, therefore, soil profiles characterized under different conditions of topography, climate, parent material, living organism and time which together controls pedogenesis. In the study of land capability, soils are evaluated using stories index soil rating, which is determined by the combined effect of soil profile, soil texture, slope, and other physical and chemical soil characteristics. All of the study areas are characterized by clam loam soil texture which has nutrient well and good water holding capacity. It is valuable for arid and semi-arid environment. However, in some areas if drainage is not managed well, clay loam can lead to waterlogging, compaction, poor aeration which may restrict root development (Bahtt, et al., 2025). Furthermore, soil pH in all study sites showed slightly to moderately acidic properties. Soil acidification makes nutrient less availability and impede crop vegetation productivity. Different crops have varying pH preferences, and maintaining soil pH within these optimal ranges can significantly enhance crop productivity (Kennedy, 2022). These limitation in elephant habitat can be addressed through incorporation of lime, biochar and ash to maintain soil pH and to enhance nutrient fertility, microbial activity that support vegetation growth in elephant habitat soil. In this study using Storie Index Soil Rating, the most controlling factor is slope because strong sloping areas reveal lower rating percentage and tend to degrade to soil grading in elephant habitat. Areas with a high grade in the soil rating chart can increase elephant vegetation growth because of the resulting high land capability grade. As per map in Figure (12), only Palin elephant habitat receives an ideal suitable class in land evaluation process indicating that it possesses Grade 2 (Good) which have a land capacity to produce good to excellent vegetation for elephants. Soil grading Grade 3 (Fair) which indicate moderate capability and had significant obstacles in drainage, fertility status, and topography landform. The dominance of poor and very poor conditions proved that a substantial proportion of the study areas is characterized by severe to very severe limitations in poor drainage, low fertility, steep slopes, and erosion problems. Among 25 areas, Khine Khan, Wanet, Dee Dot and Shan Yoe Ma camps exhibit Grade 5 (very poor) conditions. Such low-grade camp areas have resulted in soil that has permanent limitations on vegetation productivity and adverse environmental conditions can further constraint land potential. MCDA indicated that the prediction for habitat suitability for Myanmar elephant tourism camps revealing within limiting factor. In a multi-criteria decision analysis, distance to the river is the primary limiting factor across all captive tourism elephant camps in Myanmar similar to the previous wild elephant habitat suitability in Myanmar which found a decline in suitability when distance to water sources (river, stream, dam or reservoir) is above 8 km (Thant, et al., 2023) . The second significant constraint was given to slope which is also comparable to Asian elephant habitat suitability in Nepal (Budhathoki, et al., 2023) which resulted in elephant suitability decreased as slope increased. In overall , the elephant camps which is located in the central part of Myanmar has a higher level of suitability owing to the flat topography. Furthermore, soil type also acts the second restricting factor which has considerable impact on the vegetation productivity also mentioned in stories index method. Likewise, land cover factor is the lowest constraint because most of the captive elephant tourism camps under Myanma Timber Enterprise are kept in semi-natural conditions close to the forest areas. However, a few elephant camps located inside cropland and settlement areas. It greatly affects habitat suitability and hinders the development of welfare-based elephant camps. In Bangladesh’s Fashiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary, land cover changes such as increased agriculture and settlements have caused a 35.7% decline in forest area, fragmenting elephant habitats and intensifying human-elephant conflicts(Billah, et al., 2021). (Neupane, et al., 2019)studied that elephants’ habitat use was positively associated by the presence food resources (such as grassland, mixed forest), low human disturbance. In another studies, (Feng, 2005) found that Asian elephants prefer low attitude, slope less habitat with bamboo-evergreen broadleaf mixed forest, shrubs and grasslands and (Anoop, et al., 2023) Asian elephants used habitats near perennial water sources and with greater forest cover, avoiding areas with high human disturbances. Although food availability is a key factor in explaining elephant movements, maintaining access to water also plays an important role in habitat. In habitat suitability assessment, (Alfred, et al., 2006) found that no sign of elephants was found more than 7 kilometers from a river. These all factors constitute an ideal habitat for Asian elephant because a high suitability habitat can support good health, reduced stress levels, more chances to express their natural feeding behaviors, and coexistence with humans by minimizing conflicts. Conversely, less suitability correlates directly with elephant aggressive behavior due to stress and increased human- elephant incidents. (Thant, et al., 2023) also proved that elephants within less suitable habitats are more aggressive, leading to more conflict with human. Moreover, a consequence of less suitable habitat in captive environment, elephants are encouraged to wander into neighboring cropland, agricultural land and settlement human elephant conflict frequently occurs. When there is a shortage of natural forage during the dry season, elephants are drawn to cultivated crops including maize, banana and rice field. This is a typical confrontation between local villagers and ECBT camps. On the other hand, under certain circumstances, namely Khine Khan camp, Za Lon Taung camp and Shan Yoe Ma camp areas are completely unsuitable condition for elephants, it is necessary to move and shift to a more ideal habitat and relocate the elephants while the land is given priority for alternative land uses. 5. Conclusion The present study in land suitability for elephant habitat gives important insights to the implementation of elephant habitats, where Asian elephants inhabit. The limiting factors highlight current land conditions and stories index method predict soil capability for forage productivity in elephant habitat while providing critical information on potential risks affecting long-term habitat sustainability and in-situ elephant conservation. Based on the findings from both methods, Palin, Ngalaik Sakanthar, Win Ga Baw and Phoe Kyar elephant camps met the requirements for an ideal elephant habitat whereas, other camps exhibit moderate to poor conditions. Therefore, good planning and adaptive management strategies is required in order to improve habitat suitability and to address detrimental consequences to habitat fragmentation. Moreover, human-elephant incidents usually occur in captive elephant camps due to limited and shared foraging areas and seasonal resource availability. Regular patrolling, establishment of buffer zones, fostering awareness, and community engagement programs are needed to enhance coexistence between humans and elephants and also establishment of agroforestry is one of the solutions in HEC management because it can support food supply for elephant while also offering economic benefits to communities. In future research, detailed laboratory analysis of elephant habitat soil and a greater understanding how elephants choose environmental factors including elevation, slope, vegetation type, distance to water bodies should be conducted through Satellite or GPS monitoring devices. As a consequence, carrying capacity of landscape for captive elephants should assess in order to provide more useful insights for government, elephant conservationists and decision-makers. Declarations Funding Declaration This research was conducted without financial support from any funding agency. References Alfred R et al (2006) Satellite Tracking of Borneo's Pygmy Elephants. World Wildlife Fund for Nature-Malaysia, Sabah Anoop N et al (2023) Factors determining the seasonal habitat use of Asian elephants in the Western Ghats of India. J Wildl Manag, 87(8) Bahtt r et al (2025) Soil Texture: Unlocking Fertility and Productivity for Better Crops. 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For Sci Technol 19(3):221–231 Storie RE (1978) Stories Index Soil Rating. University of California, Division of Agricultural Sciences, Berkeley, California, USA Sukoco A (2012) GIS Habitat Based Models Spatial Analysis to Determine the Suitability of Habitat for Elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847). Bandar Lampung. Universitas Bandar Lampung, Indonesia Sukumar R (2003) The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation. Oxford University Press, s.l. Sukumar R (2006) A brief review of the status, distribution and biology of wild Asian elephants Elephas maximus. Zoological Soc Lond 40(1):1–8 Taher M et al (2021) Characteristic of habitat suitability for the Asian elephant in the fragmented Ulu Jelai Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. Trop Ecol 62(3):509–521 Thant ZM et al (2023) Factors influencing the habitat suitability of wild Asian elephants and their implications for human–elephant conflict in Myanmar. Global Ecol Conserv, 43 Vancuylenberg B (1977) Feeding behaviour of the asiatic elephant in South-East Sri Lanka in relation to conservation. Biol Conserv 12(1):33–54 Wall, Jake D-H, Iain V, Fritz (2006) Elephants avoid costly mountaineering. J Anim Ecol 75(4):999–1006 Wilson G et al (2021) Between a rock and a hard place: rugged terrain features and human disturbance affect behaviour and habitat use of Sumatran elephants in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodivers Conserv 30:597–618 Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9620392","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":634926642,"identity":"c7b17d91-2ee6-4926-aed1-95675c994ff8","order_by":0,"name":"Thadar Shin Thant","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Soil Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thadar","middleName":"Shin","lastName":"Thant","suffix":""},{"id":634926643,"identity":"a30dabaa-e2a9-42e8-9e7f-be474289c3ee","order_by":1,"name":"Mohammad Nurcholis","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA30lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZgYGCx4G9gYQOwEscoCHsBYJHgaeAyRqAaIEhBYGfFrMJXIffi6okJCRn/nG7HFhWxoDf/sBxgNv8GixnJFuLD3jjASPwe0cc+OZbTkMEmcSGA7OwaPF4EYaGzNvG1CLdI6ZNG9bBQPDDQaGw/gcBtciP/MMRIs80VoYbvCAtOQARQhpOfOMWZoH5JczaeXGPOfSeAzPJDbg98vxNMbPPBU29vLth7c95ilLlpM7fvjwB3whhgzYGBjZQDHC2ECkBpAWhj9EKx4Fo2AUjIIRBAB0c0K55kkJdAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Soil Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Nurcholis","suffix":""},{"id":634926644,"identity":"577d600f-3b37-4a52-8a71-bea8c2f17012","order_by":2,"name":"Dwi Fitri Yudiantoro","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Geological Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Indonesia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dwi","middleName":"Fitri","lastName":"Yudiantoro","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-05 15:12:44","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9620392/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9620392/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108810756,"identity":"2c98c520-6fd0-40e5-ba87-4e050c6a9d87","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:13","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":71166,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLocation Map of the Captive Elephant Tourism Camps in Myanmar\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/9986199f67a00770f8712cb6.jpg"},{"id":108810697,"identity":"4ee34814-ff8c-4ed3-bf67-6b852c5f11c0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:00","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":137328,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSoil Physical Properties at the Surface Layer (0-20cm)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/0efe858a141e5f3e44218fe6.png"},{"id":108810790,"identity":"19be2a21-35ec-44db-b4a4-7ee48a80f10b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:33","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":139959,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSoil Physical Properties at the Sub- Surface Layer (20-40cm)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/4b1adc44a1de2b14ea591976.png"},{"id":108810743,"identity":"1126df6f-aec2-47e8-a2c0-17c979994b4d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:10","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":102965,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSoil pH Properties at 25 Elephant Camps\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/0eabb2a3c63f61f984e43c7d.png"},{"id":108810789,"identity":"2a33cb78-7cfc-4ff3-8478-f25c00bf7ec1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:33","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":104334,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCation Exchange Capacity (cmol(c)/kg) at 25 Elephant Camps\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/8ba940cd9ce0f59b5fc09af6.png"},{"id":108810696,"identity":"eb5f9689-f33c-4b3d-b427-b430486adce1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:00","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":772396,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe Spatial Environmental Variables in 25 Asian Captive Elephant Tourism Camps in Myanmar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(a) Geology (b) Lithology (c) Soil Type (d) Slope (e) Elevation (f) Land Cover/ Land Use (g) River\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/088f330e8dfe3aefa203dd54.png"},{"id":108810753,"identity":"50c449e4-6c6d-495b-bca8-01ed682237fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:13","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":221663,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSoil Rating Percentage and Soil Grading at 25 Asian Captive Elephant Tourism Camps in Myanmar\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/3a4951ffc7305c2f4a16c1da.png"},{"id":108810587,"identity":"a5ce8a3c-a723-46e8-bd96-1d284cf74fd5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:00:11","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":248326,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLand Suitability for Asian Captive Elephant Habitat Areas in Myanmar Tourism Camps Using Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Stories Index Soil Rating\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/fe9349936317d9ad0a412521.png"},{"id":108810744,"identity":"7613b7c0-cc25-4293-bcf1-5ef60be1ca41","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 16:01:10","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":64078,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eUnnumbered image in the Methods section.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Unnumber.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/77e0fcf1e5e97ac3dd00adb7.png"},{"id":109081099,"identity":"0b6a1461-a041-4bde-b7ba-59245b28716e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-12 11:57:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3018329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9620392/v1/b7a51722-07a1-41a1-a38c-c81db1a95b70.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand Characteristics and Suitability for Asian Captive Elephant Habitat Areas in Myanmar Elephant Conservation-Based Tourism Camps\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMyanmar is home to the largest captive elephant population in both Asia and the world, with approximately 5000 elephants (Crawley, et al., 2020). In 2025, over 200 captive elephants are maintained by establishing 25 elephant conservation-based tourism camps throughout the country, which is a popular alternative enterprise that offers close human-elephant interactions, environmental education, and ecotourism experiences. While these elephant tourism camps provide a new purpose for captive elephant conservation, they also face environmental challenges. One such concern is the impact of high-density elephant populations on the landscape and land suitability within these limited tourist camp areas. Captive elephants are surviving within these limited areas allocated as foraging areas by the Forest Department; however, they still rely on a range of ecological and environmental conditions in their natural habitat to meet their needs, similar to the wild elephants, including diverse food supply, adequate water availability, appropriate space to roam, and social interactions with others in their natural habitat. Elephants generally favor low elevation (Taher, et al., 2021), and Asian Sumatran elephants in Aceh preferred areas with lower elevation (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;200 m) (Wilson, et al., 2021). In Myanmar,(Thant, et al., 2023) explored that the highest frequency elevation used by wild elephants was 0-200 m, while it gradually declined up to 800 m in altitude. Elephants avoid steep or rocky terrain (Sukumar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e).(Berti, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) reported that 94% of the elephants avoided high terrain and steep slopes.(Wall, et al., 2006) also found that elephants preferred areas with gentle or flat slopes to avoid overheating, insufficient water and forage, energy expenditure, and potential risk of injury. Moreover,(Lagendijk, et al., 2015) proved that soils on foot slopes occur with higher nutrient concentrations and species richness than on crests; therefore, foot slopes can support more abundant vegetation for elephant habitat. The daily food intake for elephants averages 1.0-1.2 % of body mass for males and non-lactating females and about 1.2\u0026ndash;1.5 % for lactating females (Owen-Smith, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e), and daily water consumption is about 25\u0026ndash;50 gallons per animal, or 100 \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;200 liters (Vancuylenberg, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1977\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, fertile soils that can offer good quality foage that fulfills the daily food intake and the nutritional requirements of elephants and maintain access to water also play an important role in habitat suitability. Regarding land cover,(Jue, et al., 2024) discovered captive elephants preferred the woody habitat consisting mainly of short trees, bushes, shrubs, and bamboo more than other land uses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSuitable land criteria for elephant habitat areas are a combination of gentle slopes and low elevation to move easily, appropriate soil types, land cover/land use to provide sufficient forage, shade, and space for elephants, and close proximity to rivers for reliable access to clean water sources, all of which contribute to the elephants' physical and habitat environment well-being. However, in recent years, elephant habitat has been degraded due to anthropogenic activities and natural pressure, including climate change, land cover changes, and human encroachment. Moreover, the Asian elephant is threatened by the rapid loss and fragmentation of their habitat (Sukumar, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). These consequences result in the emergence of limiting factors in elephant habitat suitability, potentially leading to habitat degradation. A high suitability habitat can support good health, reduced stress levels, more chances to express their natural feeding behaviors, and coexistence with humans by minimizing conflicts, conversely, less suitability correlates directly with elephant aggressive behavior due to stress and increased human-elephant incidents. Therefore, conducting land capability and suitability assessments based on its habitat characteristics significantly highlights elephant habitat preference and provides valuable insights into the potential for sustainable habitat conservation. In previous studies (Rendana, et al., 2023), (Rafaai, et al., 2025) utilized spatial modeling and a multi-criteria decision analysis approach to analyze habitat suitability for Asian elephants. Additionally, for land suitability assessment (Fadl, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) explored land capability in arid regions in Egypt based on physical and chemical soil properties using an integrated approach combining the Storie Index, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and spatial modeling techniques. Through identifying limiting factors using Liebig\u0026rsquo;s law of minimum, (Rahmawaty, et al., 2023) carried out land characteristics and land suitability assessment for \u003cem\u003eStyrax\u003c/em\u003e sp. in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith a specific conservation focus on elephant protection and constructing a secure and high-quality habitat, the Myanmar government has launched the Myanmar Elephant Conservation Action Plan 2018\u0026ndash;2027 for both wild and captive elephants. Additionally, recent studies in Myanmar observed the home range and habitat preference of semi-captive elephants in Myanmar elephant tourism camps(Jue, et al., 2024), and(Thant, et al., 2023) discovered wild elephant habitat suitability in Myanmar. Despite many studies on wild elephant habitat suitability in Myanmar and also Southeast Asia, there are few studies on captive elephant habitat suitability. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the habitat suitability of Asian captive elephants in Myanmar tourism camps using the story index soil rating and multi-environmental criteria decision analysis, highlighting current land capacity and limiting factors on elephant habitat while providing a greater goal for the development of welfare-based habitat management. The research objectives for this study were:\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo calculate the soil stories index rating to assess the land capability in twenty-five captive elephant habitat areas in Myanmar.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo investigate which environmental factors are limiting elephant habitat suitability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo provide recommendations for suitable habitat management that enhance captive elephant welfare, mitigate human-elephant conflict, and contribute to the development of long-term government policy on elephant conservation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.1 Study Aea\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted at 25 elephant conservation\u0026ndash;based tourism camps developed by the Myanma Timber Enterprise throughout Myanmar.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Soil Data Collection\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe secondary soil data for each study site were downloaded from SoilGrids 250m (\u003cem\u003eISRIC-World Soil Information\u003c/em\u003e), adding geo-coordinates of each elephant camp study area. The stratified purposive sampling method was used to collect five soil samples for each area at both (0\u0026ndash;20 cm) and (20\u0026ndash;40 cm) depths to ensure representative coverage for both surface and sub-surface. In total, one hundred and twenty-five soil samples for 25 elephant camps. Sampling was done in a zig-zag way. The resulting physical and chemical properties of soil samples were used to calculate the Soil Stories Index Rating (Storie, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e) to analyze land suitability assessment in elephant habitat areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStories Index Soil rating = (factor A %x factor B% x factor C% x factor X%) x 100\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ewhere factor A\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Rating on the character of the physical soil profile, factor B\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Rating based on surface texture, factor C\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Rating based on slope, and factor X\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Rating of conditions other than those in factor A, B, and C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor factor A to determine physical soil profile, geology, lithology, and topography formations were evaluated; for factor B, the percentage of clay, silt, and sand was used to calculate soil texture according to the USDA soil texture triangle. For factor C rating on slope, slope was calculated from a digital elevation model, and then soil type, coarse fragment, landscape position, pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were considered to access for factor X in rating conditions other than those in factors A, B, and C. After calculation, the resulting data of each habitat areas were compared to the standard table of land evaluation to know the grades of soil capability. These grades and their characterization are described as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade 1 (excellent): Soil that rate between 80 and 100 percent, which is suitable for almost all crops.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade 2 (good): Soils that rate between 60 and 79 percent, which are suitable for most crops with good to excellent yields.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade 3 (fair): Soils that rate between 40 and 59 percent, which are generally of fair quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade 4 (poor): Soils that rate between 20 and 39 percent, which give satisfactory production with some crops and not good for others.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade 5 (very poor): Soils that rate between 10 and 19 percent are of limited use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrade 6 (nonagricultural): Soils rated below 10 percent are not suitable for any economic land use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.3 Environmental data\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe equipment and materials for spatial analysis are as follows: a computer with ArcGIS 10.8 software and Myanmar Map, which included information belonging to geology, lithology, elevation, slope, land cover/land use map, soil type, and river map. The studied parameters of this study are (1) slope, (2) elevation, (3) soil type (4) land use/land cover, (5) distance to river were taken into multicriteria decision land suitability analysis. These five environmental factors are very fundamental in habitat suitability and are commonly used in recent research. The land characteristics and habitat criteria for Asian elephants\u0026rsquo; habitat were adopted and modified from the results of previous studies (Taher, et al., 2021) (Thant, et al., 2023) (Rendana, et al., 2023) (Rahmawaty, et al., 2023) (Das \u0026amp; Behera, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2025\u003c/span\u003e) compiled land characteristics and Asian elephant habitat criteria presented in table (1). The limiting factors which determine habitat quality was then identified using Liebig\u0026rsquo;s law of the minimum and then land suitability was categorized according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) framework, namely: highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable ( S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (S4). The final suitability ranking was decided based on poorest class of a single environmental variable as well as its degree of impact on habitat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvaluation Criteria of habitat characteristics for Asian Elephants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLand Characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClass Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(S1)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(S2)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(S3)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(N)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSlope (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStrongly Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e16\u0026ndash;25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSteep\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElevation (m)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLow 0-200\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;200\u0026ndash;400\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;400\u0026ndash;800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVery high\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;800\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLand Cover\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClosed Forest/ Opened Forest\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWooded land\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWetland\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOthers land/ Cropland/ Grassland\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMangrove/ Snow/ Water/ Settlements\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSoil Type\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh Fertile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate Fertile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSlight Fertile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDistance to river (km)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;2\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;2\u0026ndash;5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;5\u0026ndash;7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLand Suitability Classification\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuitability Class\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplanation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable (S1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are no significant limitation or only insignificant boundaries which have no effect on habitat.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerately Suitable (S2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinor obstacles, however, can be fixed within careful management.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMarginally Suitable (S3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSevere limitations which lead to habitat degradation can be maintained through intensive habitat management.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot Suitable (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHabitat with irreversible and permanent limitations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"char\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.1 \u0026nbsp;Soil Characteristics of the Study Sites\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTables (3) and (4) present a descriptive statistical analysis of soil physical and chemical properties at both depths (0- 20 cm) and (20- 40 cm) downloaded from SoilGrids 250 m (\u003cem\u003eISRIC-World Soil Information\u003c/em\u003e). The soil pH differed from 5.3 to 6.8 in the surface and from 5.4 to 7 in the sub-surface, respectively, with a mean value of around 6. The analyzed soil varied between slightly acidic to neutral. Regarding cation exchange capacity (CEC), it ranged from 15.4 to 28.44 at the surface layer while the sub-surface layer ranged from 15.44 to 28.58 with an average of nearly 20 cmol(c) per kg, which indicated moderate soil fertility. For soil texture analysis, the percentage of clay showed variation from 27.14 to 35.68 with a mean value of 31.20 in the surface whereas sub-surface varied from 28.78 to 39.84 with a mean value of 34.95. The percentage of silt ranged from 26.84 to 41.08 in the surface with an average of 33.85 and ranged from 26 to 38.5 in the surface with an average of 32.13. The sand percentage also ranged from 26.56 to 42.58 with a mean value 34.85 at the surface layer and ranged from 24.16 to 39.88 with a mean value of 32.89 at the sub-surface layer. In volume of coarse fragments content percentage, in the surface, it varied from 13.06 to 28.6 with an average of 20.79 while in the sub-surface, it also varied from 15.16 to 31.56 with an average of 22.30.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e The Descriptive Statistical Analysis of the Studied Soil Profiles in Surface at 0-20 cm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical parameter\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClay (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSilt (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSand (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of coarse fragments (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; pH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCEC (cmol(c)/kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSE\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaximum\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: Standard Error (SE); Standard Deviation (SD); Sample Variance (SV); Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e The Descriptive Statistical Analysis of the Studied Soil Profiles in Sub-Surface at 20-40 cm\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical parameter\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClay (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSilt (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSand (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVolume of coarse fragments (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; pH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCEC (cmol(c)/kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSE\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaximum\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: Standard Error (SE); Standard Deviation (SD); Sample Variance (SV); Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.2 \u0026nbsp;Stories Index Soil Rating\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Rating Score Percentage for factor A, Rating on Physical Profile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the Elephant Camp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithology\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRating on character of Physical Soil Profile (factor A)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScore (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003erecent alluvium and flood plains\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoe Ma Kha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003erecent alluvium and gravel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNga Laik Sakanthar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eolder alluvial plains and moderately developed soil\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyoung alluvial and gravel\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhine Khan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyoung alluvial and gravel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThousand Bawdi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyoung alluvial and gravel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhoe Kyar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoil have moderately developed profile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Kyun Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on secondary deposits and gravel\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Myaw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on secondary deposits and gravel\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoukkar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on older alluvial plains having moderately developed profile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaing Hay Won\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on older alluvial plains having moderately developed profile\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWin Ga Baw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eolder alluvial and moderately soil\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyar Swal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eolder alluvial plains and gravel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Pauk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on older alluvial and gravel \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThiri Khit Tayar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnconsolidated, Sand, Silt, Clay, Gravel, Alluvium\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on secondary deposits and shallow phase on consolidated material\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSa Ni Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIX\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNgwe Saung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIX\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZa Lon Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, shale, limestone, coal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIX\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on upland area underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 Miles Elephant Hospital\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on terrace having consolidated material\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaw Yaw Gyi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eolder alluvial and consolidated\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTa Lae Nal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately lithified, Sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIX\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShan Yoe Ma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, minor conglomerate, some metamorphosed rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emoderate soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Sett Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSandstone, Siltstone, Shale, Mudstone, Conglomerate, gravel\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eolder alluvial and shallow phases on consolidated material\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWanet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehard, lithified sedimentary rocks; sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emoderate shallow soils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDee Dot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehard, lithified sedimentary rocks; sandstone, shale, mudstone, limestone, coal, conglomerate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVIII\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esoils on upland underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable (5) resulted in the rating on the character of physical soil (factor A), which was determined based on geology formation, lithology, and topography aspects dominated in 24 elephant camps. Ngalaik Sakanthar, Nat Pauk, Pyar Swal, Win Ga Baw, Myaw Yaw Gyi, Phoe Kyar, 7 Miles elephant hospital, Moukkar, Myaing Hay Won, and Shwe Sett Taw fall under group III but they differ in score rating due to soils on older alluvial or terrace having moderately developed, being shallow and gravel. Walma, Khie Khan, Thousand Bawdi, Thiri Khit Tayar, Shwe Kyun Taw, and Nat Myaw are classified under group II because those areas developed on young alluvial\u0026nbsp;sediments derived from river processes; however, their scores vary upon soil characteristics such as slightly developed profile, shallow phase, and gravel present. Palin and Moe Ma Kha are under group I showing recent alluvium but their scores differ. Wanet, Dee Dot, and Shan Yoe Ma camps are under group VIII, and Za Lon Taung, Ta Lae Nal, Sa Ni Taung, and Ngwe Saung are categorized under group IX because those soils on upland areas underlain by consolidated sedimentary rocks.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable (6) showed the result of soil surface texture, which was determined according to the USDA Soil Texture Triangle based on the percentage of clay, silt, and sand. As a result, except for Walma, other habitat areas are classified as clay loam at the surface layer. Walma is classified as silty clay loam. At the sub-surface layer, all areas are classified as clay loam. However, in rating factor B of the Stories Index Soil Rating, percentage of coarse fragment is also considered to determine whether the soil should be rated as gravelly or stony according to (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2006).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe score on the rating on the basis of slope is presented in table (7). Among twenty-five study sites, Ngalaik, Walma, Nat Pauk, Pyar Swal, Thousand Bawdi, Win Ga Baw, Thiri Khit Tayar, Myaing Hay Won, Ta Lae Nal, Sa Ni Taung, and Moe Ma Kha are categorized as gently sloping. Palin, Phoe Kyar, Shwe Kyun Taw, Nat Myaw, Moukkar, and Shwe Sett Taw are classified as moderately sloping, and Za Lon Taung, Myaw yaw Gyi, 7 miles elephant hospital, and Ngwe Saung are found as strongly sloping. Khine Khan, Wanet and Dee Dot are identified as steep, whereas Shan Yoe Ma is classified as very steep.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable (8) displayed the results of rating on in factor X at both depths the surface (0-20cm) and sub-surface layer (20-40 cm) across all elephant habitat areas while the score varies considering on soil physical and chemical conditions determining on drainage, soil type, alkali or acidity (pH) and nutrient fertility (Cation Exchange Capacity).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Rating Score Percentage for factor B, Rating on Surface Texture\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the Elephant Camp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGroup\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRating on basis of surface texture\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScore (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eclay loam noncalcareous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSilty clay loam noncalcareous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly clay loam\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNga Laik Sakanthar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eclay loam noncalcareous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eclay loam noncalcareous\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThousand Bawdi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eclay loam noncalcareous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eclay loam noncalcareous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWin Ga Baw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium textured\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eclay loam noncalcareous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eclay loam noncalcareous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhoe Kyar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n 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\u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Myaw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoe Ma Kha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNgwe Saung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTa Lae Nal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20- 40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStony\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStony\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estony clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estony clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZa Lon Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStony\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGravelly clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStony clay loam\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Rating Score Percentage for factor B, Rating on Slope\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the Elephant Camp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSlope (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRating of Slope (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScore (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNga Laik Sakanthar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaing Hay Won\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSa Ni Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyar Swal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThousand Bawdi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThiri Khit Tayar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoe Ma Kha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Pauk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndulating\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWin Ga Baw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndulating\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Myaw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTa Lae Nal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaw Yaw Gyi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhoe Kyar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 Miles Elephant Hospital\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly slopping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Kyun Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoukkar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Sett Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNgwe Saung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZa Lon Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWanet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDee Dot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhine Khan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShan Yoe Ma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVery steep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data obtained from the soil rating percentage using Storie Index method is summarized in table (9). Among 25 camps, especially only Palin camp achieved the highest soil rating percentage at both depths\u0026nbsp;72.67 % at 0-20 cm depth and 64.6 % at 20- 40 cm depth followed by Myaing Hay Won camp, Win Ga Baw camp, Thousand Baw Di Camp and Nga Laik Sakanthar camp with receiving above 50 percentage at both surface and sub-surface layer. However, Shan Yoe Ma camp demonstrates the lowest percentage with a value of 12.24 % at surface layer and 10.71 % at sub-surface layer respectively. The obtained soil rating data for each camp was compared to the standard table of the land capability analysis in Stories Index Soil Rating to identify the grades of the land capability. Soil having between 80 and 100 percent is identified as Grade 1 (excellent), soil having between 60 and 79 percent is rated as Grade 2 (good), soil having between 40 and 59 percent is classified as Grade 3 (fair), soil having between 20 and 39 percent is classified as Grade 4 (poor), soil having between 10 and 19 percent is categorized as Grade 5 (very poor) and soil below 10 percent is classified as Grade 6 (non-agricultural). Significantly, a decline in suitability class was found in Za Lon Taung camp, shifting from poor in surface layer (0-20 cm) to very poor grade in sub-surface layer, and also Moe Ma Kha camp decreased from fair to poor condition, reflecting a transition to more limiting conditions in the sub-surface layers. For which areas overall soil grading, lower grade is utilized to ensure elephants\u0026rsquo; habitat safety. The soil garde for 25 elephant camps was described in figure (7).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Rating score percentage for factor X\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the Elephant Camp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDrainage (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003epH\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFertility (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38.1222%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExplanation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 7.1267%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactor X (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral pH, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral pH, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWin Ga Baw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, well-drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, well-drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaing Hay Won\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Sett Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, well drained, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, well drained, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTa Lae Nal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoukkar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhoe Kyar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoe Ma Kha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNgwe Saung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThousand Bawdi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral pH, well drained, poor fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral pH, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyar Swal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained and fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaw Yaw Gyi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 Miles Elephant Hospital\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly acidic, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly acidic, well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThiri Khit Tayar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Kyun Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fair well drained and fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained and fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShan Yoe Ma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained, fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDee Dot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained and fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, and fair fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNga Laik Sakanthar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eslightly acidic, moderately waterlogged and fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eslightly acidic, moderately waterlogged and fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Pauk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZa Lon Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Myaw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained and fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWanet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSa Ni Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, moderately waterlogged, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlightly acidic, moderately waterlogged, high fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhine Khan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, fairly well drained, poor fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 41.5158%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, moderately waterlogged, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately acidic, moderately waterlogged, fairly fertility\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38.1222%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.3936%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.7331%;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Results of Stories Index Soil Rating Percentage in 25 Elephant Tourism Camps\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the Elephant Camp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth (cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactor A (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactor B (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactor C (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Factor X (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndex (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaing Hay Won\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20- 40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWin Ga Baw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThousand Bawdi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNga Laik Sakanthar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhoe Kyar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoukkar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThiri Khit Tayar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoe Ma Kha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyar Swal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Kyun Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Myaw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSa Ni Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Sett Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaw Yaw Gyi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Pauk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNgwe Saung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTa Lae Nal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 Miles Elephant Hospital\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZa Lon Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDee Dot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWanet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhine Khan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShan Yoe Ma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0-20\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Soil Rating Percentage and Soil Grading at 25 Asian Captive Elephant Tourism Camps in Myanmar\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc227868494\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3.3 \u0026nbsp;Environmental Determining Factors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;for Multi- Criteria Decision Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Matching of influencing Environmental Variables using Elephants\u0026rsquo; Habitat Requirements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the camp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElevation (m)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClass\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSlope\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClass\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoil\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Type)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClass\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand Use (Type)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClass\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistance to River (km)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClass\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNga Laik Sakanthar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEutric gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpened Forest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHumic gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhine Khan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(400-800)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(\u0026gt;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHumic cambisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClosed Forest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Pauk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate (200-400)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthic acrisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZa Lon Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerate (200-400)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u0026gt;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthic acrisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClosed Forest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyar Swal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthic acrisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChromic luvisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSettlement\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThousand Bawdi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChromic luvisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCropland\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWin Ga Baw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistric nitosols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaw Yaw Gyi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(16-25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEutric gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhoe Kyar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistric nitosols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 Miles Elephant Hospital\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(16-25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistric nitosols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThiri Khit Tayar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow (0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEutric gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Kyun Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEutric gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Myaw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEutric gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoukkar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistric nitosols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpened Forest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaing Hay Won\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistric nitosols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Kyun Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFerralic cambisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWanet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(\u0026gt;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthic acrisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDee Dot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u0026gt;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthic acrisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTa Lae Nal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(9-15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFerralic cambisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpened Forest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSa Ni Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThionic fluvisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCropland\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShan Yoe Ma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(400-800)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSteep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u0026gt;25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthic acrisols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoe Ma Kha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGently Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEutric gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther Wooded Land\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNgwe Saung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(0-200)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly Sloping\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(16-25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEutric gleysols\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpened Forest\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe table (10) demonstrated that suitability classes for each environmental parameters is determined with land evaluation criteria for Asian elephant habitat needs according to the data from Figure (6). Based on the findings in table (10), constraint factors affecting elephant habitat are evaluated through a matching method to determine overall habitat suitability. The results of land suitability for 25 camps are outlined in table (11). \u0026nbsp;In evaluation process, there is no consideration for high suitability (S1) and moderately suitability (S2) for each environmental variable. If the area receives two or more severe limiting factors, it is classified as not suitable (N), and if the area has moderate limitations, it is identified as moderate and marginally suitability depending on the degree of their impacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Identifying Limiting Factors in Elephant Habitat Areas using Liebig\u0026rsquo;s Law of the Minimum\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eName of the Elephant Camp\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuitability Classification\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimiting Factors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverall Suitability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNga Laik Sakanthar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S2st, S1lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWin Ga Baw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePhoe Kyar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Kyun Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2e, S2st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Myaw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShwe Sett Taw\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTa Lae Nal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2s, S2st, s1lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S3st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoil type\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePalin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2s, S1st, N lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLand Cover\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThousand Bawdi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S1st, S3lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLand Cover\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaw Yaw Gyi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S3s, S2st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlope\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThiri Khit Tayar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoukkar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2s, S2st, S1lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMyaing Hay Won\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSa Ni Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S1st, S3lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLand Cover\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMoe Ma Kha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S1s, S2st, S2lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNat Pauk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2el, S1s, S3st, S2lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoil type, Distance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarginally Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyar Swal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S2s, S3st, S2lc, S3dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSoil type, Distance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarginally Suitability\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 Miles Elephant Hospital\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S3s, S2st, S2lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlope, Distance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarginally Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWanet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, Ns, S3st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlope, Soil type\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarginally Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDee Dot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, Ns, S3st, S2lc, S1dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlope, Soil type\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarginally Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNgwe Saung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS1el, S3s, S1st, S1lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlope, Distance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarginally Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKhine Khan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3el, Ns, S3st, S1lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElevation, Slope, Soil type, Distance to river\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eZa Lon Taung\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS2el, Ns, S3st, S1lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSlope, Soil type, Distance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShan Yoe Ma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eS3el, Ns, S3st, S2lc, N dr\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElevation, Slope, Soil type, Distance to river\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot Suitable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; As a result from table (11), seven camps are in highly suitable (S1), namely Nga Laik Sakanthar, Win Ga Baw, Phoe Kyar, Nat Myaw and Shwe Kyun Taw, Shwe Sett Taw and Ta Lal Nal camps are identified as highly suitable (S1) because there are no limitations in elephant habitat area and exhibit suitable environmental attributes including low elevation and flat slope to move and forage easily, moderately fertile soil to support forage productivity, suitable land cover for shelter and more food resources and proximity to rivers that can provide adequate water supply. Walma, Palin, Myaw Yaw Gyi, Thousand Bawdi, Thiri Khit Tayar, Moukkar, Myaing Hay Won, Sa Ni Taung, Moe Ma Kha camps are moderately suitable (S2) with moderate limitation in slope, land cover and distance to river and Nat Pauk, Pyar Swal, 7 Miles elephant hospital, Wanet, Dee Dot, Ngwe Saung having marginally suitable (S3) which indicate habitat degradation and particularly, three camps such as Khine Khan, Za Lon Taung and Shan Yoe Ma camps are found that not suitable (N) due to severe limitations which cannot be managed. Figure (8) shows the land suitability in elephant habitat areas obtained using both methods for each elephant conservation- based tourism (ECBT) camps.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eElephant conservation-based tourism (ECBT) camps are located across the whole country, therefore, soil profiles characterized under different conditions of topography, climate, parent material, living organism and time which together controls pedogenesis. In the study of land capability, soils are evaluated using stories index soil rating, which is determined by the combined effect of soil profile, soil texture, slope, and other physical and chemical soil characteristics. All of the study areas are characterized by clam loam soil texture which has nutrient well and good water holding capacity. It is valuable for arid and semi-arid environment. However, in some areas if drainage is not managed well, clay loam can lead to waterlogging, compaction, poor aeration which may restrict root development (Bahtt, et al., 2025). Furthermore, soil pH in all study sites showed slightly to moderately acidic properties. Soil acidification makes nutrient less availability and impede crop vegetation productivity. Different crops have varying pH preferences, and maintaining soil pH within these optimal ranges can significantly enhance crop productivity (Kennedy, 2022). These limitation in elephant habitat can be addressed through incorporation of lime, biochar and ash to maintain soil pH and to enhance nutrient fertility, microbial activity that support vegetation growth in elephant habitat soil. In this study using Storie Index Soil Rating, the most controlling factor is slope because strong sloping areas reveal lower rating percentage and tend to degrade to soil grading in elephant habitat. Areas with a high grade in the soil rating chart can increase elephant vegetation growth because of the resulting high land capability grade. As per map in Figure (12), only Palin elephant habitat receives an ideal suitable class in land evaluation process indicating that it possesses Grade 2 (Good) which have a land capacity to produce good to excellent vegetation for elephants. Soil grading Grade 3 (Fair) which indicate moderate capability and had significant obstacles in drainage, fertility status, and topography landform.\u0026nbsp;The dominance of poor and very poor conditions proved that a substantial proportion of the study areas is characterized by severe to very severe limitations in poor drainage, low fertility, steep slopes, and erosion problems. Among 25 areas, Khine Khan, Wanet, Dee Dot and Shan Yoe Ma camps exhibit Grade 5 (very poor) conditions. Such low-grade camp areas have resulted in soil that has permanent limitations on vegetation productivity and adverse environmental conditions can further constraint land potential.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMCDA indicated that the prediction for habitat suitability for Myanmar elephant tourism camps revealing within limiting factor. In a multi-criteria decision analysis, distance to the river is the primary limiting factor across all captive tourism elephant camps in Myanmar similar to the previous wild elephant habitat suitability in Myanmar which found a decline in suitability when distance to water sources (river, stream, dam or reservoir) is above 8 km\u003cem\u003e(Thant, et al., 2023)\u003c/em\u003e. \u0026nbsp;The second significant constraint was given to slope which is also comparable to Asian elephant habitat suitability in Nepal \u003cem\u003e(Budhathoki, et al., 2023)\u003c/em\u003e which resulted in elephant suitability decreased as slope increased. In overall\u003cem\u003e,\u003c/em\u003e the elephant camps which is located in the central part of Myanmar has a higher level of suitability owing to the flat topography. Furthermore, soil type also acts the second restricting factor which has considerable impact on the vegetation productivity also mentioned in stories index method. Likewise, land cover factor is the lowest constraint because most of the captive elephant tourism camps under Myanma Timber Enterprise are kept in semi-natural conditions close to the forest areas. However, a few elephant camps located inside cropland and settlement areas. It greatly affects habitat suitability and hinders the development of welfare-based elephant camps.\u0026nbsp;In Bangladesh’s Fashiakhali Wildlife Sanctuary, land cover changes such as increased agriculture and settlements have caused a 35.7% decline in forest area, fragmenting elephant habitats and intensifying human-elephant conflicts(Billah, et al., 2021).\u0026nbsp;(Neupane, et al., 2019)studied that elephants’ habitat use was positively associated by the presence food resources (such as grassland, mixed forest), low human disturbance. In another studies, (Feng, 2005) found that Asian elephants prefer low attitude, slope less habitat with bamboo-evergreen broadleaf mixed forest, shrubs and grasslands and (Anoop, et al., 2023) Asian elephants used habitats near perennial water sources and with greater forest cover, avoiding areas with high human disturbances. Although food availability is a key factor in explaining elephant movements, maintaining access to water also plays an important role in habitat. In habitat suitability assessment, (Alfred, et al., 2006) found that no sign of elephants was found more than 7 kilometers from a river. These all factors constitute an ideal habitat for Asian elephant because a high suitability habitat can support good health, reduced stress levels, more chances to express their natural feeding behaviors, and coexistence with humans by minimizing conflicts. Conversely, less suitability correlates directly with elephant aggressive behavior due to stress and increased human- elephant incidents. (Thant, et al., 2023) also proved that elephants within less suitable habitats are more aggressive, leading to more conflict with human. Moreover, a consequence of less suitable habitat in captive environment, elephants are encouraged to wander into neighboring cropland, agricultural land and settlement human elephant conflict frequently occurs. When there is a shortage of natural forage during the dry season, elephants are drawn to cultivated crops including maize, banana and rice field. This is a typical confrontation between local villagers and ECBT camps. On the other hand, under certain circumstances, namely Khine Khan camp, Za Lon Taung camp and Shan Yoe Ma camp areas are completely unsuitable condition for elephants, it is necessary to move and shift to a more ideal habitat and relocate the elephants while the land is given priority for alternative land uses.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe present study in land suitability for elephant habitat gives important insights to the implementation of elephant habitats, where Asian elephants inhabit. The limiting factors highlight current land conditions and stories index method predict soil capability for forage productivity in elephant habitat while providing critical information on potential risks affecting long-term habitat sustainability and in-situ elephant conservation. Based on the findings from both methods, Palin, Ngalaik Sakanthar, Win Ga Baw and Phoe Kyar elephant camps met the requirements for an ideal elephant habitat whereas, other camps exhibit moderate to poor conditions. Therefore, good planning and adaptive management strategies is required in order to improve habitat suitability and to address detrimental consequences to habitat fragmentation. Moreover, human-elephant incidents usually occur in captive elephant camps due to limited and shared foraging areas and seasonal resource availability. \u0026nbsp;Regular patrolling, establishment of buffer zones, fostering awareness, and community engagement programs are needed to enhance coexistence between humans and elephants and also establishment of agroforestry is one of the solutions in HEC management because it can support food supply for elephant while also offering economic benefits to communities. In future research, detailed laboratory analysis of elephant habitat soil and a greater understanding how elephants choose environmental factors including elevation, slope, vegetation type, distance to water bodies should be conducted through Satellite or GPS monitoring devices. As a consequence, carrying capacity of landscape for captive elephants should assess in order to provide more useful insights for government, elephant conservationists and decision-makers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eFunding Declaration\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research was conducted without financial support from any funding agency.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlfred R et al (2006) Satellite Tracking of Borneo's Pygmy Elephants. World Wildlife Fund for Nature-Malaysia, Sabah\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnoop N et al (2023) Factors determining the seasonal habitat use of Asian elephants in the Western Ghats of India. J Wildl Manag, 87(8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBahtt r et al (2025) Soil Texture: Unlocking Fertility and Productivity for Better Crops. 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Biodivers Conserv 30:597\u0026ndash;618\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Asian Elephants, Habitat Suitability, Stories Index Soil Rating, Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9620392/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9620392/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe habitat of Asian elephants (\u003cem\u003eElephas maximus\u003c/em\u003e) is mainly influenced by the interaction of topography, climate, vegetation, soil quality, land cover, and water availability. The purpose of this study is to assess land suitability in habitat areas, integrating the Soil Stories Index Rating and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis that are based on key environmental variables. The Soil Stories Index was calculated based on soil physical and chemical characteristics and then reclassified into soil grades to quantify the land\u0026rsquo;s potential and productive capacity for elephants\u0026rsquo; vegetation growth. A multi-criteria evaluation framework using Liebig\u0026rsquo;s law of the minimum was applied to identify the most significant factors that constrain habitat quality. Results indicate that areas with high soil fertility, gentle slope and low elevation, appropriate land cover, and proximity to a river constitute the most suitable elephant habitats. The integration of the Stories Index and Multi-Environmental Criteria Decision Analysis significantly provides the ecological relevance for captive elephants, ensuring that their survival requirements are adequately addressed. The final habitat suitability class provides current land conditions and a scientific basis for conservation planning, habitat management, long-term suitability for elephant habitat, and protection strategies for captive elephant populations in tourism camps.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Land Characteristics and Suitability for Asian Captive Elephant Habitat Areas in Myanmar Elephant Conservation-Based Tourism Camps","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-08 14:44:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9620392/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"645c9bc2-86ff-49f3-9426-ba2705e44460","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 8th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-08T14:44:35+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-08 14:44:34","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9620392","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9620392","identity":"rs-9620392","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}