Sunscreen Education: An Analysis of Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sociodemographic Factors that Shape Sunscreen Habits

Sunscreen Education: An Analysis of Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sociodemographic Factors that Shape Sunscreen Habits | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sunscreen Education: An Analysis of Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sociodemographic Factors that Shape Sunscreen Habits Mara Hartoyo, Anika Pulumati, Sarah Kim, Ricardo Cooke, Veronica Junco, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6986539/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: Sunscreen habits differ based on cultural perceptions, race, ethnicity, and access to healthcare. Our study aims to investigate intergenerational sunscreen education and the socioeconomic factors shaping sunscreen use patterns in a unique Miami population to identify how dermatologists can improve sunscreen compliance. Methods: We surveyed 132 participants, and responses were analyzed to investigate the relationships between sunscreen use habits, sociodemographic factors, and intergenerational sunscreen education. Results: Sunscreen users were more likely to educate their children about the importance of sunscreen compared to nonusers (p=0.0009), and 85% of respondents reported educating their children on the importance of sunscreen, while only 42% reported receiving this education from their parents. There was no significant relationship between participants receiving sunscreen education from parents and educating one's own children on the topic (p=0.692). Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely to receive sunscreen education from their parents compared to their non-Hispanic/Latino counterparts (X 2 (1, N=132) = 8.19, p=0.004). Females showed more preference for tinted sunscreen compared to males (X 2 (1, N=99) = 4.61, p=0.032). Younger participants were more likely to prefer tinted sunscreen (p=0.047) and to have received sunscreen education from their parents (p=0.019). Conclusion: Our study suggests sunscreen compliance in children may be more directly influenced by their parents’ modifiable sunscreen habits acquired in adulthood as opposed to whether sunscreen education was passed down through previous familial generations, presenting an opportunity for dermatologists to enhance sunscreen adherence in both patients and their children. We provide strategies for dermatologists to improve sunscreen compliance. Sunscreen education sunscreen skin of color skin cancer intergenerational education Key points People who use sunscreen are significantly more likely to educate their children on its use, suggesting the importance of personal habit as a role model. Receiving sunscreen education from earlier generations does not predict whether someone will educate their own children, suggesting dermatologists can reinforce sunscreen use in all patients and their children, even despite a lack of parental sunscreen education history. Hispanic/Latino families prioritize intergenerational sunscreen education more than Non-Hispanic/Latino families. Most participants preferred non-tinted sunscreen, despite the beneficial effects of tinted sunscreens on hyperpigmentation and melasma. Dermatologists should educate all patients on the benefits of tinted sunscreens, particularly older male patients, who are least likely to adopt its use. 1. Introduction The importance of sunscreen in preventing skin cancer is well-established, yet sunscreen habits largely differ between individuals due to differences in perceived risk of skin cancer based on skin tone, demographic backgrounds, and socioeconomic status [2, 5]. While sunscreen is a widely recommended tool for sun protection, its effectiveness is heavily influenced by knowledge, attitudes, ethnicity, age, upbringing, and culture. Understanding how these gaps in education and habits manifest, and how they are passed down through generations within families is imperative for designing targeted interventions to address them. Our study further explores the complexities of sunscreen education and use within a predominantly Hispanic population, focusing on how ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and parental influence shape sunscreen habits. Beyond identifying existing gaps, we propose actionable strategies for both dermatologists and public health professionals to improve sunscreen use across diverse populations. By addressing these disparities, we aim to contribute to a more equitable approach to skin cancer prevention, ensuring all individuals are provided with the knowledge and resources needed to protect their skin, regardless of background. 2. Methods An online Qualtrics survey was conducted at three University of Miami Health System outpatient dermatology clinics. All patients and those accompanying patients were informed and asked to participate in the study. Once confirming patients were at least 18 years of age, patients scanned a QR code to take the Qualtrics survey from their cellular device. The survey consisted of 9 questions on demographics and 8 questions assessing their sunscreen use patterns, parental guidance on sunscreen, and how participants educate their own children on sunscreen use. No incentives were provided for completing the survey. A total of 133 surveys were collected, with one being excluded from analysis due to an error in response input. Results were analyzed using bivariate correlation analysis, chi square analysis, and t-tests for equality of means on R and SPSS. The IRB determined this study met the criteria for an exemption (IRB ID: MOD00012097). 3. Results The majority of participants were female (73%) and identified as White (39%), followed by Black (26%) and Asian (4%). A significant portion of participants (39%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Thirty-seven participants did not disclose their race, which was categorized as unknown. Participant ages ranged from 18 to 83 years, with a mean age of 47 years (SD = 16.6). The vast majority of participants (91%) resided in Miami-Dade County. In terms of socioeconomic factors, 55% of participants reported a household income ranging between $44,726 and $182,100. Additionally, 8% of respondents perceived themselves as socially disadvantaged, while 10% considered themselves economically disadvantaged. Spanish was the most commonly spoken language after English, with 14% identifying Spanish as their primary language (Table 1). Table 1. Demographic Data of Sample Count (%) OR mean (SD)* Sex at birth Male 36 (27.3%) Female 96 (72.7%) Age 46.9 (16.6)* Race White 52 (39.4%) Black or African American 34 (25.8%) Asian 5 (3.8%) Other 4 (3.0%) Unknown 37 (28.0%) Ethnicity Non-Hispanic/Latino 80 (60.6%) Hispanic/Latino 52 (39.4%) Primary language English 105 (79.5%) Spanish 19 (14.4%) Portuguese 1 (0.8%) French 3 (2.3%) Other 4 (3.0%) County Miami-Dade 120 (90.9%) Broward 7 (5.3%) Other 5 (3.8%) Household income level $11,000 or less 3 (2.3%) $11,001-$33,725 7 (5.3%) $33,726-$44,725 7 (5.3%) $44,726-$95,375 32 (24.2%) $95,376-$182,100 41 (31.1%) $182,101-$231,250 23 (17.4%) $231,251-$578,125 11 (8.3%) $578,126 or more 8 (6.1%) Self-perceived social disadvantage Disadvantaged 11 (8.3%) Not disadvantaged 121 (91.7%) Self-perceived economic disadvantage Disadvantaged 13 (9.8%) Not disadvantaged 119 (90.2%) Sunscreen usage was indicated by 90% of participants, though the frequency of use varied widely. Over half (53%) of participants stated they applied sunscreen once daily, yet only 6% reported reapplying throughout the day. Conversely, 11% acknowledged using sunscreen as infrequently as once every few months. Among participants with children aged 5 to 18 years (n=47), 85% reported educating their children on the importance of sunscreen use. Of these, 43% reminded their children to apply sunscreen multiple times daily or once daily, while 40% reminded them less frequently—ranging from once a week to once every few months. However, intergenerational differences were noted: 58% of participants indicated that their own parents never taught them about the importance of sunscreen, and 69% stated their parents only reminded them to apply sunscreen rarely—once every few months, once a year, or never. When considering sunscreen preferences, the majority of respondents preferred non-tinted sunscreen over tinted formulations (Table 2). Table 2. Survey Results Count (%) Do you use sunscreen? Yes 119 (90.2%) No 13 (9.8%) I use sunscreen… Multiple times a day 8 (6.1%) Once a day 70 (53.0%) Once a week 18 (13.6%) Once a month 7 (5.3%) Once every few months 15 (11.4%) Once a year 5 (3.8%) Never 9 (6.8%) Did YOUR parents teach you the importance of using sunscreen while you were growing up? Yes 56 (42.4%) No 76 (57.6%) How often did YOUR parents remind you to apply sunscreen while you were growing up? Multiple times a day 12 (9.1%) Once a day 11 (8.3%) Once a week 7 (5.3%) Once a month 11 (8.3%) Once every few months 23 (17.4%) Once a year 9 (6.8%) Never 59 (44.7%) Do you prefer tinted or non-tinted sunscreen? Tinted 19 (19.2%) Non-tinted 80 (80.8%) Subset of 47 Participants with Children Have you ever informed your child/children on the importance of using sunscreen? Yes 40 (85.1%) No 7 (14.9%) How often do you find yourself reminding your child/children to apply sunscreen? Multiple times a day 8 (17.0%) Once a day 12 (25.5%) Once a week 7 (14.9%) Once a month 3 (6.4%) Once every few months 9 (19.1%) Never 8 (17.0%) Several significant correlations were observed between sunscreen use and demographic variables. A negative correlation was identified between sunscreen use and the perception of social disadvantage (r = -0.176, p = 0.043), as well as between sunscreen use and household income level (r = -0.200, p = 0.022). A strong positive correlation was found between educating one’s children about the importance of sunscreen use and personal sunscreen use (r = 0.631, p < 0.001). Similarly, the frequency of parental reminders to children about sunscreen application demonstrated a positive correlation with personal sunscreen use (ρ = 0.461, p = 0.001). Age was positively correlated with parental education and reminders about sunscreen, with younger participants more likely to have received education (r = 0.182, p = 0.038) and reminders by their parents (ρ = 0.302, p < 0.001). Race was negatively correlated with parental education and reminders regarding sunscreen use, but Hispanic/Latino participants showed a positive association with receiving education (r = -0.249, p = 0.004) and reminders on sunscreen (ρ = -0.210, p = 0.016). Sex at birth also correlated with sunscreen use frequency, where females reported higher sunscreen use than males (r = -0.448, p < 0.001). Females also showed a preference for tinted sunscreen products (r = -0.216, p = 0.032) (Table 3). Table 3. Correlation Analysis Variables Spearman’s rho OR Pearson* correlation coefficient p-value Sunscreen use Perception of social disadvantage -0.176* 0.043 Household income level -0.200* 0.022 Educating their children 0.631* <0.001 Frequency of sunscreen reminder to children 0.461 0.001 Receiving education from parents 0.181* 0.038 Frequency of sunscreen use Sex at birth -0.448 <0.001 Receiving education from parents Age 0.182* 0.038 Race -0.284* <0.001 Ethnicity -0.249* 0.004 Frequency of sunscreen reminder from parents Age 0.302 <0.001 Race -0.194 0.026 Ethnicity -0.210 0.016 Preference of tinted sunscreen Sex at birth -0.216* 0.032 A chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in parental sunscreen education between Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino participants (X 2 (1, N=132) = 8.19, p=0.004). Specifically, Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely to receive education on the importance of sunscreen use from their parents. A Fisher's exact test revealed a significant association between participants’ sunscreen use and their likelihood of educating their children about sunscreen (p<0.001). Sunscreen users were significantly more likely to teach their children about sunscreen compared to non-users. A near-significant trend was observed between the frequency of sunscreen use and educating children about sunscreen (p=0.076), indicating that participants who educated their children tended to use sunscreen more frequently. However, no significant difference was found in educating children when comparing daily versus non-daily sunscreen users (p=0.403). Parental sunscreen education did not significantly influence participants' likelihood of educating their own children, as no relationship was found between receiving sunscreen education from parents and educating one's own children (p=0.692). Finally, a significant difference in sunscreen preference was found between male and female participants (X²(1, N=99) = 4.61, p=0.032), with 24% of females preferring tinted sunscreen compared to only 4% of males (Table 4). Table 4. Relationships Between Sunscreen Habits, Intergenerational Education, and Sociodemographic Factors Receiving education from parents Pearson chi square value, significance X 2 (1, N=132) = 8.19, p=0.004 Yes No Total Ethnicity Hispanic/Latino 30 22 52 Not Hispanic/Latino 26 54 80 Total 56 76 132 Educating children Fisher’s exact p=0.0.0009264 Yes No Total Sunscreen use Yes 39 3 42 No 1 4 5 Total 40 7 47 Male Female Total Pearson chi square X2 (1, N=99) = 4.61, p=0.032 Preference of tinted sunscreen Tinted 1 18 19 Non-tinted 23 57 80 Total 24 75 99 Educating children Fisher’s exact p=0.07603 Yes No Total Frequency of sunscreen use Multiple times a day 2 0 2 Once a day 24 3 27 Once a week 6 0 6 Once a month 2 0 2 Once every few months 4 1 5 Once a year 1 0 1 Never 1 3 4 Total 40 7 47 Educating children Fisher’s exact p=0.4029 Yes No Total Everyday sunscreen use Daily 26 3 29 Non-daily 14 4 18 Total 40 7 47 Receiving education from parents Fisher’s Exact p=0.6918 Yes No Total Educating children Yes 16 24 40 No 2 5 7 Total 18 29 47 Independent t-sample tests were conducted to assess the impact of age on sunscreen use behaviors and history. Participants who preferred tinted sunscreen were significantly younger than those who preferred non-tinted sunscreen (p=0.047). Additionally, older participants were significantly less likely to have received parental education about sunscreen compared to younger participants (p=0.019) (Table 5). Table 5. Impact of Age on Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sunscreen Preferences Preference N Mean t Significance (one-sided p) Age Tinted 19 42.63 -1.696 0.047 Non-tinted 79 49.78 Did YOUR parents teach you the importance N Mean t Significance (one-sided p) Age Yes 56 43.38 -2.099 0.019 No 75 49.47 4. Discussion This study examined sunscreen habits and intergenerational sunscreen education in a unique subset of participants residing in Miami, Florida, where over 90% of respondents were from Miami-Dade County, a region with a high proportion of White and Hispanic individuals from diverse Latin American backgrounds [1]. Existing literature on sunscreen usage and intergenerational education within this population is limited. This study fills that gap by providing insights into factors influencing sunscreen behaviors. A large majority of participants (90%) reported using sunscreen in some capacity. However, only a few participants (6%) applied it multiple times per day, indicating that 94% of respondents do not adhere to the American Academy of Dermatology’s (AAD) recommendation for reapplication at least every two hours [3]. Common barriers to compliance, including forgetfulness, lack of awareness, and inconvenience, highlight the need for dermatologists to reinforce practical strategies such as keeping sunscreen in visible, frequently accessed locations (e.g., purses, bathrooms, or workspaces). 4.1 Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sociodemographic Factors A national survey on sunscreen usage in US adults found that family members play a key role in influencing sunscreen behaviors [4]. In the present study, participants who regularly used sunscreen were significantly more likely to educate their children on its importance, suggesting that behavioral modeling serves as a primary driver of intergenerational education. However, no significant association was found between participants receiving sunscreen education from their own parents and passing it down to their children. Given that most participants did not receive sunscreen education from their parents, this suggests that poor sunscreen education in earlier generations has limited impact on sunscreen habits in younger generations. Notably, this finding indicates that participants’ personal sunscreen habits in adulthood may be a stronger determinant of their choice to educate their own children on sunscreen use than participants’ sunscreen education history. This presents an opportunity for dermatologists to intervene and reinforce positive behaviors, even in individuals who did not have prior familial emphasis on sun protection. Sociodemographic factors also played a role in sunscreen education. Hispanic or Latino participants were significantly more likely to have received sunscreen education from their parents (58%) compared to non-Hispanic participants (33%). Given that 69% of Miami-Dade County’s population identifies as Hispanic or Latino and 80% identifies as White, it is likely that many Hispanic individuals in this study also identified as White [3]. Thus, this observed difference may reflect a combination of both underlying demographic trends and cultural variations in sunscreen education. This suggests certain cultural groups may not prioritize sunscreen education as much as others, providing another opportunity for dermatologists to close the gap through patient education on the importance of sunscreen. 4.2 Sunscreen Preferences and Barriers to Use Sunscreen preferences varied among respondents. The majority (80%) preferred non-tinted sunscreen, despite evidence suggesting that tinted sunscreens containing iron oxides offer enhanced protection against hyperpigmentation and melasma [6]. Younger and female participants were more likely to use tinted sunscreen, likely due to targeted marketing and social media influence. In contrast, older and male participants demonstrated lower adoption rates, underscoring the need for dermatologists to educate these groups on the benefits of tinted sunscreens, particularly among individuals with hyperpigmentation-prone skin. Economic factors also influenced sunscreen habits. Higher income levels were associated with greater sunscreen use, whereas participants with lower perceived socioeconomic status were less likely to report regular sunscreen application. This suggests that cost may serve as a barrier to sunscreen use, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve access to affordable sun protection, particularly in underserved populations. This study is limited by its geographic specificity to Miami-Dade County, where sunscreen habits may not be generalizable to other regions. Self-reported data may introduce recall and social desirability biases, potentially overestimating sunscreen use and parental education efforts. Additionally, not all participants had children between the ages of 5 to 18 years, limiting the scope of intergenerational analysis. A large proportion of respondents identified as Hispanic without specifying race, restricting racial comparisons. Despite these limitations, our study provides valuable insights into sunscreen habits and highlights opportunities to optimize dermatologic education. 5. Clinical Implications and Recommendations Based on the findings of the study, the following are recommendations to dermatologists to improve sunscreen compliance for patients and their children. Dermatologists should encourage patients to adhere to a personal sunscreen routine, discussing a realistic method to improve sunscreen accessibility such as keeping the bottle in visible areas or in multiple locations (e.g. bathroom, work, purse). For patients with children, it can be emphasized that their sunscreen habits can serve as a behavioral model. Furthermore, common barriers to sunscreen compliance, such as cost, accessibility, and misconceptions, should be addressed during office visits. For instance, one way to promote physician-patient discussion is displaying infographics in office about available sunscreen products of varying costs and types (e.g. spray, stick, lotion, tinted). In addition to dermatologists, it is important to encourage pediatrician colleagues to provide sunscreen education as part of a multi-directional approach to the matter. Showing vibrant, child-friendly sunscreen products with colorful packaging during a dermatologic or pediatric visit can help persuade children and parents into more frequent sunscreen use. Declarations Funding and conflicts of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Ethics approval: The IRB determined this study met the criteria for an exemption (IRB ID: MOD00012097). Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Data availability: All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information. Author contributions: All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Survey collection and data analysis were performed by Mara Hartoyo, Anika Pulumati, Sarah Kim, Ricardo Cooke, and Veronica Junco. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mara Hartoyo and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. References United States Census Bureau . QuickFacts 2023; Available from: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/miamidadecountyflorida,US/PST045223#qf-headnote-b. Fliorent, R., et al., Racial Differences in Perceived Risk and Sunscreen Usage. Cureus, 2023. 15 (1): p. e33752. 10.7759/cureus.33752. National Academies of Sciences, E., et al., in Review of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health . 2022, National Academies Press (US) Copyright 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.: Washington (DC). Patlola, M., et al., Sunscreen use amongst US adults: a national survey. Arch Dermatol Res, 2023. 315 (7): p. 2137-2138. 10.1007/s00403-023-02603-8. Ullman, L.E., et al., Sunscreen use and affordability attitudes based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and Fitzpatrick skin type. Arch Dermatol Res, 2024. 316 (6): p. 266. 10.1007/s00403-024-02997-z. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformationSurveyData.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editor assigned by journal 06 Oct, 2025 Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 31 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 13 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 07 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6986539","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":502696582,"identity":"19717122-22d3-4dc6-811b-e2665d4d0780","order_by":0,"name":"Mara Hartoyo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mara","middleName":"","lastName":"Hartoyo","suffix":""},{"id":502696583,"identity":"66d920f8-fa3d-45b9-b8e5-3b4cb906c21c","order_by":1,"name":"Anika Pulumati","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anika","middleName":"","lastName":"Pulumati","suffix":""},{"id":502696584,"identity":"b80d8fb3-3fb9-4ac8-bf5a-c73d5404eba6","order_by":2,"name":"Sarah Kim","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sarah","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""},{"id":502696585,"identity":"55410457-86a6-4018-acd0-1247d4b87660","order_by":3,"name":"Ricardo Cooke","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ricardo","middleName":"","lastName":"Cooke","suffix":""},{"id":502696586,"identity":"8835cab3-f496-4495-9fca-1c9aa7621e6d","order_by":4,"name":"Veronica Junco","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Veronica","middleName":"","lastName":"Junco","suffix":""},{"id":502696587,"identity":"9f8ba51c-4b21-49f9-9a3c-537354c00ef9","order_by":5,"name":"Danyelle M. 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Receiving sunscreen education from earlier generations does not predict whether someone will educate their own children, suggesting dermatologists can reinforce sunscreen use in all patients and their children, even despite a lack of parental sunscreen education history.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHispanic/Latino families prioritize intergenerational sunscreen education more than Non-Hispanic/Latino families.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMost participants preferred non-tinted sunscreen, despite the beneficial effects of tinted sunscreens on hyperpigmentation and melasma. Dermatologists should educate all patients on the benefits of tinted sunscreens, particularly older male patients, who are least likely to adopt its use.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe importance of sunscreen in preventing skin cancer is well-established, yet sunscreen habits largely differ between individuals due to differences in perceived risk of skin cancer based on skin tone, demographic backgrounds, and socioeconomic status [2, 5]. While sunscreen is a widely recommended tool for sun protection, its effectiveness is heavily influenced by knowledge, attitudes, ethnicity, age, upbringing, and culture. Understanding how these gaps in education and habits manifest, and how they are passed down through generations within families is imperative for designing targeted interventions to address them.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study further explores the complexities of sunscreen education and use within a predominantly Hispanic population, focusing on how ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and parental influence shape sunscreen habits. Beyond identifying existing gaps, we propose actionable strategies for both dermatologists and public health professionals to improve sunscreen use across diverse populations. By addressing these disparities, we aim to contribute to a more equitable approach to skin cancer prevention, ensuring all individuals are provided with the knowledge and resources needed to protect their skin, regardless of background.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eAn online Qualtrics survey was conducted at three University of Miami Health System outpatient dermatology clinics. All patients and those accompanying patients were informed and asked to participate in the study. Once confirming patients were at least 18 years of age, patients scanned a QR code to take the Qualtrics survey from their cellular device. The survey consisted of 9 questions on demographics and 8 questions assessing their sunscreen use patterns, parental guidance on sunscreen, and how participants educate their own children on sunscreen use. No incentives were provided for completing the survey. A total of 133 surveys were collected, with one being excluded from analysis due to an error in response input. Results were analyzed using bivariate correlation analysis, chi square analysis, and t-tests for equality of means on R and SPSS. The IRB determined this study met the criteria for an exemption (IRB ID: MOD00012097). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe majority of participants were female (73%) and identified as White (39%), followed by Black (26%) and Asian (4%). A significant portion of participants (39%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Thirty-seven participants did not disclose their race, which was categorized as unknown. Participant ages ranged from 18 to 83 years, with a mean age of 47 years (SD = 16.6). The vast majority of participants (91%) resided in Miami-Dade County.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of socioeconomic factors, 55% of participants reported a household income ranging between $44,726 and $182,100. Additionally, 8% of respondents perceived themselves as socially disadvantaged, while 10% considered themselves economically disadvantaged. Spanish was the most commonly spoken language after English, with 14% identifying Spanish as their primary language (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Demographic Data of Sample\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCount (%) OR mean (SD)*\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex at birth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (27.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96 (72.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.9 (16.6)*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRace\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (39.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlack or African American\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (25.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnknown\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (28.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEthnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-Hispanic/Latino\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (60.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHispanic/Latino\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (39.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary language\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnglish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105 (79.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpanish\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (14.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePortuguese\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrench\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCounty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiami-Dade\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120 (90.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBroward\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$11,000 or less\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (2.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$11,001-$33,725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$33,726-$44,725\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$44,726-$95,375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (24.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$95,376-$182,100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (31.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$182,101-$231,250\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (17.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$231,251-$578,125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e$578,126 or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSelf-perceived social disadvantage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisadvantaged\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot disadvantaged\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121 (91.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 100%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSelf-perceived economic disadvantage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisadvantaged\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 42.1053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot disadvantaged\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57.8947%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119 (90.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSunscreen usage was indicated by 90% of participants, though the frequency of use varied widely. Over half (53%) of participants stated they applied sunscreen once daily, yet only 6% reported reapplying throughout the day. Conversely, 11% acknowledged using sunscreen as infrequently as once every few months. Among participants with children aged 5 to 18 years (n=47), 85% reported educating their children on the importance of sunscreen use. Of these, 43% reminded their children to apply sunscreen multiple times daily or once daily, while 40% reminded them less frequently\u0026mdash;ranging from once a week to once every few months. However, intergenerational differences were noted: 58% of participants indicated that their own parents never taught them about the importance of sunscreen, and 69% stated their parents only reminded them to apply sunscreen rarely\u0026mdash;once every few months, once a year, or never. When considering sunscreen preferences, the majority of respondents preferred non-tinted sunscreen over tinted formulations (Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Survey Results\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCount (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 623px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo you use sunscreen?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119 (90.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 623px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI use sunscreen\u0026hellip;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple times a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (6.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 (53.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (13.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce every few months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (11.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (3.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (6.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 623px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDid YOUR parents teach you the importance of using sunscreen while you were growing up?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (42.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76 (57.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 623px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow often did YOUR parents remind you to apply sunscreen while you were growing up?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple times a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (9.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce every few months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (17.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (6.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59 (44.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 623px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDo you prefer tinted or non-tinted sunscreen?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTinted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (19.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-tinted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80 (80.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubset of 47 Participants with Children\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"624\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 624px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHave you ever informed your child/children on the importance of using sunscreen?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (85.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (14.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 624px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow often do you find yourself reminding your child/children to apply sunscreen?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple times a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (17.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (25.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (14.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (6.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce every few months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (19.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 312px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (17.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral significant correlations were observed between sunscreen use and demographic variables. A negative correlation was identified between sunscreen use and the perception of social disadvantage (r = -0.176, p = 0.043), as well as between sunscreen use and household income level (r = -0.200, p = 0.022). A strong positive correlation was found between educating one\u0026rsquo;s children about the importance of sunscreen use and personal sunscreen use (r = 0.631, p \u0026lt; 0.001). Similarly, the frequency of parental reminders to children about sunscreen application demonstrated a positive correlation with personal sunscreen use (\u0026rho; = 0.461, p = 0.001).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAge was positively correlated with parental education and reminders about sunscreen, with younger participants more likely to have received education (r = 0.182, p = 0.038) and reminders by their parents (\u0026rho; = 0.302, p \u0026lt; 0.001). Race was negatively correlated with parental education and reminders regarding sunscreen use, but Hispanic/Latino participants showed a positive association with receiving education (r = -0.249, p = 0.004) and reminders on sunscreen (\u0026rho; = -0.210, p = 0.016).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSex at birth also correlated with sunscreen use frequency, where females reported higher sunscreen use than males (r = -0.448, p \u0026lt; 0.001). Females also showed a preference for tinted sunscreen products (r = -0.216, p = 0.032) (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Correlation Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"618\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpearman\u0026rsquo;s rho OR Pearson* correlation coefficient\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 618px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSunscreen use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerception of social disadvantage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.176*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHousehold income level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.200*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducating their children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.631*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency of sunscreen reminder to children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.461\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReceiving education from parents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.181*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 618px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency of sunscreen use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex at birth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.448\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 618px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReceiving education from parents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.182*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRace\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.284*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEthnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.249*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 618px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency of sunscreen reminder from parents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.302\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRace\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.194\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEthnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 618px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePreference of tinted sunscreen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 342px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex at birth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 174px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.216*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in parental sunscreen education between Hispanic/Latino and non-Hispanic/Latino participants (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e (1, N=132) = 8.19, p=0.004). Specifically, Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely to receive education on the importance of sunscreen use from their parents. A Fisher\u0026apos;s exact test revealed a significant association between participants\u0026rsquo; sunscreen use and their likelihood of educating their children about sunscreen (p\u0026lt;0.001). Sunscreen users were significantly more likely to teach their children about sunscreen compared to non-users. A near-significant trend was observed between the frequency of sunscreen use and educating children about sunscreen (p=0.076), indicating that participants who educated their children tended to use sunscreen more frequently. However, no significant difference was found in educating children when comparing daily versus non-daily sunscreen users (p=0.403). Parental sunscreen education did not significantly influence participants\u0026apos; likelihood of educating their own children, as no relationship was found between receiving sunscreen education from parents and educating one\u0026apos;s own children (p=0.692). Finally, a significant difference in sunscreen preference was found between male and female participants (X\u0026sup2;(1, N=99) = 4.61, p=0.032), with 24% of females preferring tinted sunscreen compared to only 4% of males (Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Relationships Between Sunscreen Habits, Intergenerational Education, and Sociodemographic Factors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReceiving education from parents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson chi square value, significance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e (1, N=132) = 8.19, p=0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEthnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHispanic/Latino\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot Hispanic/Latino\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducating children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher\u0026rsquo;s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.0.0009264\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSunscreen use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePearson chi square\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX2 (1, N=99) = 4.61, p=0.032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePreference of tinted sunscreen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTinted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-tinted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducating children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"10\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher\u0026rsquo;s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.07603\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"8\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency of sunscreen use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultiple times a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a month\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce every few months\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a year\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducating children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher\u0026rsquo;s exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.4029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEveryday sunscreen use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDaily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-daily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 624px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 138px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReceiving education from parents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 216px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFisher\u0026rsquo;s Exact\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.6918\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 96px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducating children\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndependent t-sample tests were conducted to assess the impact of age on sunscreen use behaviors and history. Participants who preferred tinted sunscreen were significantly younger than those who preferred non-tinted sunscreen (p=0.047). Additionally, older participants were significantly less likely to have received parental education about sunscreen compared to younger participants (p=0.019) (Table 5).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. Impact of Age on Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sunscreen Preferences\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePreference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance (one-sided p)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTinted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.696\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-tinted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 623px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDid YOUR parents teach you the importance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSignificance (one-sided p)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.099\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 120px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 288px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study examined sunscreen habits and intergenerational sunscreen education in a unique subset of participants residing in Miami, Florida, where over 90% of respondents were from Miami-Dade County, a region with a high proportion of White and Hispanic individuals from diverse Latin American backgrounds [1]. Existing literature on sunscreen usage and intergenerational education within this population is limited. This study fills that gap by providing insights into factors influencing sunscreen behaviors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA large majority of participants (90%) reported using sunscreen in some capacity. However, only a few participants (6%) applied it multiple times per day, indicating that 94% of respondents do not adhere to the American Academy of Dermatology\u0026rsquo;s (AAD) recommendation for reapplication at least every two hours [3]. Common barriers to compliance, including forgetfulness, lack of awareness, and inconvenience, highlight the need for dermatologists to reinforce practical strategies such as keeping sunscreen in visible, frequently accessed locations (e.g., purses, bathrooms, or workspaces).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.1 Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sociodemographic Factors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA national survey on sunscreen usage in US adults found that family members play a key role in influencing sunscreen behaviors [4]. In the present study, participants who regularly used sunscreen were significantly more likely to educate their children on its importance, suggesting that behavioral modeling serves as a primary driver of intergenerational education. However, no significant association was found between participants receiving sunscreen education from their own parents and passing it down to their children. Given that most participants did not receive sunscreen education from their parents, this suggests that poor sunscreen education in earlier generations has limited impact on sunscreen habits in younger generations. Notably, this finding indicates that participants\u0026rsquo; personal sunscreen habits in adulthood may be a stronger determinant of their choice to educate their own children on sunscreen use than participants\u0026rsquo; sunscreen education history. This presents an opportunity for dermatologists to intervene and reinforce positive behaviors, even in individuals who did not have prior familial emphasis on sun protection.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSociodemographic factors also played a role in sunscreen education. Hispanic or Latino participants were significantly more likely to have received sunscreen education from their parents (58%) compared to non-Hispanic participants (33%). Given that 69% of Miami-Dade County\u0026rsquo;s population identifies as Hispanic or Latino and 80% identifies as White, it is likely that many Hispanic individuals in this study also identified as White [3]. Thus, this observed difference may reflect a combination of both underlying demographic trends and cultural variations in sunscreen education. This suggests certain cultural groups may not prioritize sunscreen education as much as others, providing another opportunity for dermatologists to close the gap through patient education on the importance of sunscreen.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.2 Sunscreen Preferences and Barriers to Use\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSunscreen preferences varied among respondents. The majority (80%) preferred non-tinted sunscreen, despite evidence suggesting that tinted sunscreens containing iron oxides offer enhanced protection against hyperpigmentation and melasma [6]. Younger and female participants were more likely to use tinted sunscreen, likely due to targeted marketing and social media influence. In contrast, older and male participants demonstrated lower adoption rates, underscoring the need for dermatologists to educate these groups on the benefits of tinted sunscreens, particularly among individuals with hyperpigmentation-prone skin.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEconomic factors also influenced sunscreen habits. Higher income levels were associated with greater sunscreen use, whereas participants with lower perceived socioeconomic status were less likely to report regular sunscreen application. This suggests that cost may serve as a barrier to sunscreen use, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to improve access to affordable sun protection, particularly in underserved populations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study is limited by its geographic specificity to Miami-Dade County, where sunscreen habits may not be generalizable to other regions. Self-reported data may introduce recall and social desirability biases, potentially overestimating sunscreen use and parental education efforts. Additionally, not all participants had children between the ages of 5 to 18 years, limiting the scope of intergenerational analysis. A large proportion of respondents identified as Hispanic without specifying race, restricting racial comparisons. Despite these limitations, our study provides valuable insights into sunscreen habits and highlights opportunities to optimize dermatologic education.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5.\tClinical Implications and Recommendations","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the findings of the study, the following are recommendations to dermatologists to improve sunscreen compliance for patients and their children. Dermatologists should encourage patients to adhere to a personal sunscreen routine, discussing a realistic method to improve sunscreen accessibility such as keeping the bottle in visible areas or in multiple locations (e.g. bathroom, work, purse). For patients with children, it can be emphasized that their sunscreen habits can serve as a behavioral model. Furthermore, common barriers to sunscreen compliance, such as cost, accessibility, and misconceptions, should be addressed during office visits. For instance, one way to promote physician-patient discussion is displaying infographics in office about available sunscreen products of varying costs and types (e.g. spray, stick, lotion, tinted). In addition to dermatologists, it is important to encourage pediatrician colleagues to provide sunscreen education as part of a multi-directional approach to the matter. Showing vibrant, child-friendly sunscreen products with colorful packaging during a dermatologic or pediatric visit can help persuade children and parents into more frequent sunscreen use.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding and conflicts of interest:\u003c/strong\u003e The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval:\u003c/strong\u003e The IRB determined this study met the criteria for an exemption (IRB ID: MOD00012097). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to participate:\u003c/strong\u003e Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability:\u003c/strong\u003e All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Survey collection and data analysis were performed by Mara Hartoyo, Anika Pulumati, Sarah Kim, Ricardo Cooke, and Veronica Junco. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mara Hartoyo and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eUnited States Census Bureau\u003c/em\u003e. QuickFacts 2023; Available from: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/miamidadecountyflorida,US/PST045223#qf-headnote-b.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFliorent, R., et al., \u003cem\u003eRacial Differences in Perceived Risk and Sunscreen Usage.\u003c/em\u003e Cureus, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c/strong\u003e(1): p. e33752. 10.7759/cureus.33752.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNational Academies of Sciences, E., et al., in \u003cem\u003eReview of Fate, Exposure, and Effects of Sunscreens in Aquatic Environments and Implications for Sunscreen Usage and Human Health\u003c/em\u003e. 2022, National Academies Press (US) Copyright 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.: Washington (DC).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePatlola, M., et al., \u003cem\u003eSunscreen use amongst US adults: a national survey.\u003c/em\u003e Arch Dermatol Res, 2023. \u003cstrong\u003e315\u003c/strong\u003e(7): p. 2137-2138. 10.1007/s00403-023-02603-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUllman, L.E., et al., \u003cem\u003eSunscreen use and affordability attitudes based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and Fitzpatrick skin type.\u003c/em\u003e Arch Dermatol Res, 2024. \u003cstrong\u003e316\u003c/strong\u003e(6): p. 266. 10.1007/s00403-024-02997-z.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"archives-of-dermatological-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Archives of Dermatological Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/403)","snPcode":"403","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/403/3","title":"Archives of Dermatological Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Sunscreen education, sunscreen, skin of color, skin cancer, intergenerational education","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6986539/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6986539/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIntroduction: Sunscreen habits differ based on cultural perceptions, race, ethnicity, and access to healthcare. Our study aims to investigate intergenerational sunscreen education and the socioeconomic factors shaping sunscreen use patterns in a unique Miami population to identify how dermatologists can improve sunscreen compliance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: We surveyed 132 participants, and responses were analyzed to investigate the relationships between sunscreen use habits, sociodemographic factors, and intergenerational sunscreen education.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: Sunscreen users were more likely to educate their children about the importance of sunscreen compared to nonusers (p=0.0009), and 85% of respondents reported educating their children on the importance of sunscreen, while only 42% reported receiving this education from their parents. There was no significant relationship between participants receiving sunscreen education from parents and educating one's own children on the topic (p=0.692). Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely to receive sunscreen education from their parents compared to their non-Hispanic/Latino counterparts (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e (1, N=132) = 8.19, p=0.004). Females showed more preference for tinted sunscreen compared to males (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e (1, N=99) = 4.61, p=0.032). Younger participants were more likely to prefer tinted sunscreen (p=0.047) and to have received sunscreen education from their parents (p=0.019).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion: Our study suggests sunscreen compliance in children may be more directly influenced by their parents’ modifiable sunscreen habits acquired in adulthood as opposed to whether sunscreen education was passed down through previous familial generations, presenting an opportunity for dermatologists to enhance sunscreen adherence in both patients and their children. We provide strategies for dermatologists to improve sunscreen compliance.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sunscreen Education: An Analysis of Intergenerational Sunscreen Education and Sociodemographic Factors that Shape Sunscreen Habits","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-25 02:19:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6986539/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-06T16:22:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-09-03T04:59:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-09-01T03:34:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"94339485770585639495621022216418954306","date":"2025-08-19T16:45:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-19T02:51:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"146670212394073087252468059019842851459","date":"2025-08-18T10:55:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"317826551478311959915588599756130513464","date":"2025-08-18T10:23:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-13T07:23:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-08T08:25:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Archives of Dermatological Research","date":"2025-08-08T00:57:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"archives-of-dermatological-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Archives of Dermatological Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/403)","snPcode":"403","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/403/3","title":"Archives of Dermatological Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9621ad20-d0a4-49ad-b62c-a1067abcbe64","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-11-04T21:53:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-25 02:19:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6986539","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6986539","identity":"rs-6986539","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}