Comparison of Quality Characteristics among 20 Sweet Potato Varieties

Comparison of Quality Characteristics among 20 Sweet Potato Varieties | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Comparison of Quality Characteristics among 20 Sweet Potato Varieties Kai Luo, Jie Zhang, Xudong Li, Jiachen Chen, Jie Zhu, Yuqi Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5892723/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The analysis of quality characteristics of sweet potato is an important basis for the selection and utilization of sweet potato varieties. The nutritional indexes (sugar content, drying rate, amylose content, amylopectin content, anthocyanin content), structural indexes (hardness, elasticity, cohesion, adhesibility, chewiness, resilience) and chroma of 20 sweet potato varieties were measured and significant analysis was conducted. The nutritional value, texture quality and processing suitability were evaluated. The results showed that the dry weight rates of sweet potato varieties 197-4 (36.2%) and 196-16 (33.5%) were high and 193-3 was low compared with other varieties, indicating varieties 197-4 and 196-16 were more suitable for flour production, and 193-3 were more suitable for fresh food. The single potato weight of 193-16 was the largest (674 g), and that of 198-2 was the smallest (143 g). The acre yield of 193-16 was the highest, which was 42 000 kg/hm 2 , and the acre yield of 197-37 is the lowest, which was 25 500 kg/hm 2 . The variety 197-37 was suitable for pigment extract due to the highest anthocyanin content (38.3 μg/g), and the drying rate was 31.2%, which was suitable for the promotion of starch processing sweet potato varieties. The yield of 42 000 kg fresh sweet potato per hectare can process 560 kg of starch, with an output value of about 3930 US dollars per hectare. These findings can guide sweet potato breeding and processing decisions. Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant breeding Biological sciences/Biotechnology/Plant biotechnology Sweet potato Nutritional index Texture index Chroma Processing type Figures Figure 1 Introduction Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a cultivated species belonging to the convolvulaceae family that can form tuberous root. It is an annual or perennial grassy vine, originating in South America, and has been widely planted in 111 countries and regions in the world 1 . Sweet potato is an important food crop as well as an important industrial raw material, and it ranks fourth in total food crop production in China, after rice, wheat and corn 2 , 3 . The sweet potato boasts a delightful sweet taste and is rich in nutritional value. It is abundant in dietary fiber, which aids in promoting intestinal peristalsis and digestion. Additionally, it serves as a significant source of energy for human activities, making it a crucial component of food, vegetables, and forage crops, so some countries in Africa and Asia, such as Congo and Japan, eat sweet potato as a staple food 4 – 6 . Sweet potato was introduced into China from the Philippines and Vietnam in the 16th century 7 , 8 . At present, sweet potato is cultivated all over China, especially in Huaihai Plain, Yangtze River basin and southeast coastal provinces and regions, and China has become the world's largest producer of sweet potato 9 , 10 . At present, more and more people who lose weight take sweet potato as the staple food during weight loss, because sweet potato is rich in protein, starch, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamin A, B, C, E and calcium, potassium, iron and other trace elements 11 – 13 . In addition, sweet potato contains a lot of dietary fiber, which can effectively promote intestinal peristalsis and digestive fluid secretion, reduce the incidence of intestinal diseases and the constipation, so sweet potato has a high nutritional and medicinal value 14 – 16 . Sweet potato has a very low fat content and produces less heat in the human body. According to research reports 17 , 18 , every 100 grams of fresh sweet potato only contains 0.2 grams of fat and produces 85 kcal of heat energy, which is only 1/3 of rice. It is a high-quality low-fat and low-energy food. Consequently, sweet potato can serve as a high-quality staple food during weight loss and bodybuilding endeavors. Furthermore, numerous foods and beverages are crafted from sweet potato, offering a diverse range of culinary options 19 – 21 . The analysis of quality characteristics of sweet potato is an important basis in the process of seed selection and utilization of sweet potato. Therefore, 20 varieties of sweet potatoes were selected to determine their sugar content, drying rate, amylose content, amylopectin content, anthocyanin content, texture and colorimetry. By comparing the differences of these indicators, the main characteristics and indicators that determine the processing quality of sweet potato were found, and different processing purposes and processing methods suitable for sweet potato were divided, which to provide data reference for sweet potato breeding and processing decisions.. Materials and methods Supplied experimental fields and plants The experiment was carried out from the experimental field of Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, more than 100 meters away from the main road, the coordinates were 112°8'46.163" ~ E112°9'12.843" E; 32°5'43.594" N ~ 32°5'53.065" N. The soil in the experimental field is yellow soil, and the topsoil texture is loam. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil were shown in Table 1 . The tested materials were 20 sweet potato varieties, whose numbers, growth characteristics and sweet potato traits were shown in Table 2 . Table 1 The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil Soil type Soil texture pH Organic matter (g/kg) Available nitrogen (mg/kg) Available phosphorus (mg/kg) Available potassium (mg/kg) Yellow soil Loam 7.63 ± 0.11 17.98 ± 2.35 102.35 ± 9.75 29.56 ± 7.97 94.73 ± 8.26 Notes: soil type and soil texture determine the water retention and fertility of the soil; pH is the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil, reflecting the degree of acid and alkali in the soil; organic matter is a carbon-containing organic substance in soil that can improve soil fertility; Available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the main nutrients for plant growth. Table 2 Variety number and growth characteristics of sweet potato Varieties Parietal color Blade shape Tendril Sweet potato skin color Sweet potato fleshy root color Sweet potato shape 191-1 Aqua Deeply incised Short Purple Purple with white rings Fusiform 193-3 Aqua Heart Short Red Yellow with white rings Fusiform 193-4 Aqua Deeply incised Short Pink Yellow Long spindle shape 193 − 13 Aqua Deeply incised Short Fuchsia Purple with white spots Spherical 193 − 16 Aqua Deeply incised Short Red Faint yellow Long spindle shape 193 − 20 Aqua Deeply incised Short Red Yellow Fusiform 193 − 21 Aqua Deeply incised Short Modena Modena Long spindle shape 193 − 31 Aqua Deeply incised Mid-length Pink Yellow Fusiform 195-1 Aqua Deeply incised Short Modena Modena Fusiform 196-8 Green brown Deeply incised Short Purple Floral purple Fusiform 196 − 14 Aqua Incised Short Modena Floral purple Fusiform 196 − 16 Green brown Incised Short Modena Modena Fusiform 197-4 Aqua Deeply incised Short Modena Modena Fusiform 197 − 25 Aqua Incised Short Modena Purple with a white heart Long spindle shape 197 − 32 Aqua Incised Short Purple Purple Fusiform 197 − 37 Aqua Heart Short Modena Modena Long spindle shape 198-1 Green brown Incised Short Fuchsia White Long spindle shape 198-2 Aqua Incised Length Purple Purple with yellow spots Long spindle shape 198-8 Aqua Heart Short Red Yellow Fusiform 204 − 18 Green brown Incised Short Fuchsia White Long spindle shape Experimental design The field experiment was conducted from June to October 2022 in Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A total of 80 land blocks were set up in the experiment, each with a length of 10.0 m, a width of 1.0 m, a plant spacing of 0.30 m, a total area of 800.0 m 2 , and a planting density of 4 sweet potato plants per square meter, each sweet potato variety was planted 4 times and repeated at random. Cultivation management was carried out according to conventional field management methods. Fertilizer application: compound fertilizer 75.0 g per square meter land with the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium was 15 to 15 to 15, total application of compound fertilizer was 7200 g. Sweet potato seedlings colonized as cave cuttings on June 11, 2022. Sweet potato (WR) are widely used in Hubei Province, provided and cultivated by the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences have been adopted in Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Seedlings were cultivated according to covered with film of vines seedling (patent license CN 103999664 A). When the seedlings grew 5 ~ 6 main leaves, healthy seedlings with constant growth were selected and transplanted cutting into the field. Sample determination The drying rate of sweet potato was determined by drying method. The three sweet potato blocks were randomly selected for each variety, washed, dried the skin, sliced and mixed the middle part, weighed at 100 g, dried at 80°C to constant weight, and the drying rate was determined. The contents of amylose and amylopectin in sweet potato were determined by dual wavelength colorimetry 22 , 23 . Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments whose color varies with the pH of plant cell fluid 24 . If the cell fluid is acidic, the color is red, and if the cell fluid is alkaline, the color is blue 25 . The anthocyanins were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry (Evolution 350, Thermo Scientific) 26 , 27 . The 2.0 g sweet potato samples were extracted by hydrochloric acid ethanol extraction solution. The optical density values of the extracted solution at 530 nm, 620 nm and 650 nm were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the anthocyanin content was calculated. The sugar content was determined by a sugar meter. 10.0 g fresh sweet potato was ground into pulp, the sweet potato pulp was filtered, and the sugar content was measured in the sugar meter. The chroma of sweet potato was determined by colorimeter (PFXi195, Lovibond). The fresh sweet potato was cut into 1.0 cm slices in the middle. The test mode was not to remove specular reflection, and the standard whiteboard was used as the standard sample. The L* value indicates that the brightness of the sample changes from 0 (black) to 100 (white); The a* value indicates the red-green degree of the sample, +a* indicates red, and -a* indicates green; The b* value indicates the yellowish blueness of the sample, +b* indicates yellow, and -b* indicates blue 28 . The texture of sweet potato was determined by a texture analyzer (TA.XT ExpressC, Stable Micro Systems) 29 , 30 . The P/36R cylindrical probe (diameter 36mm) was used to determine the hardness, elasticity, chewiness, cohesiveness and resilience. The hardness, elasticity, chewiness and cohesiveness were used a double compression test (TPA mode), and resilience was used a single compression test. The adhesiveness was determined by the P/2 needle probe (diameter 2mm) and used a single compression test. The middle part of fresh sweet potato, about 2.0 cm thick, was placed on the instrument tray, the trigger force was set to 15 g, the thickness was set to 8.0 mm, the speed was set to 1.0 mm/s, 2.0 mm/s and 5.0 mm/s before, during and after the test, respectively. To ensure that the test points do not interfere with each other, the distance between the points is > 0.5 cm. Exponent Lite (Version 6, Stable Micro Systems) was used to extract TPA-related parameters and analyze the test data. Data analysis The Excel (Version 2016, Microsoft Office) and SPSS (Version 22.0, IBM) were used for all data analysis and Origin (Version 2020, OriginLab) for graph rendering. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for measurement data. Three parallel tests were performed for each test group, and the data were presented as the mean ± SD of three replicates. Statistical significance levels are denoted as * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01). Results and discussion Comparative analysis of dry weight rate and starch content of different sweet potato varieties The dry weight rate of sweet potato is the percentage of dry weight and fresh weight of sweet potato slices after drying 31 . Under normal circumstances, the sweet potato varieties used for flour production require a higher dry weight rate, while the fresh varieties require a lower dry weight rate 32 . The dry weight rate value of sweet potato variety 197-4 was the largest with 36.2% shown in Table 3 . The dry weight rate of 196 − 16 was 33.5%, and the difference was significant ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the dry weight rate of 197-4 and 196 − 16, but there was significant difference between the dry weight rate of 197-4 and the other 18 sweet potato varieties. The dry weight rate of 193-3 was 18.2%, which was significantly different from that of other 19 sweet potato species. From the above analysis, it was found that varieties 197-4 and 196 − 16 were more suitable for flour production, and 193-3 were more suitable for fresh food. Table 3 Quality index analysis of sweet potato Varieties Drying rate % Amylose % Amylopectin % Anthocyanidin µg/g Sugar degree °Bx 191-1 29.2 ± 2.6 17.55 ± 0.15 3.62 ± 0.11 15.79 ± 0.42 2.5 193-3 18.2 ± 1.5 11.35 ± 0.09 3.08 ± 0.06 0.03 ± 0.02 2.5 193-4 22.3 ± 1.7 8.81 ± 0.04 2.75 ± 0.07 0.04 ± 0.03 2 193 − 13 24.8 ± 1.8 19.12 ± 0.34 3.47 ± 0.23 12.52 ± 1.44 2.5 193 − 16 23.3 ± 0.8 15.63 ± 0.23 3.07 ± 0.06 0.02 ± 0.01 3.5 193 − 20 25.7 ± 2.2 13.64 ± 0.18 3.12 ± 0.04 0.02 ± 0.03 1.5 193 − 21 27.5 ± 2.1 14.61 ± 0.15 3.33 ± 0.10 28.50 ± 0.83 2 193 − 31 26.8 ± 3.8 19.66 ± 0.18 4.30 ± 0.14 0.12 ± 0.01 1.5 195-1 30.1 ± 2.1 15.77 ± 0.34 2.64 ± 0.16 13.50 ± 0.85 2 196-8 24.9 ± 1.0 14.73 ± 0.20 3.16 ± 0.09 8.85 ± 0.45 2 196 − 14 24.0 ± 2.0 20.52 ± 0.23 4.51 ± 0.08 9.70 ± 1.03 3 196 − 16 33.5 ± 2.3 26.58 ± 0.23 2.67 ± 0.17 10.58 ± 0.91 2.5 197-4 36.2 ± 1.9 25.26 ± 0.42 3.84 ± 0.06 13.99 ± 1.24 1.5 197 − 25 27.6 ± 4.1 13.41 ± 0.34 3.48 ± 0.08 11.79 ± 2.17 3 197 − 32 22.8 ± 0.9 14.36 ± 0.07 3.31 ± 0.05 12.62 ± 0.22 3.5 197 − 37 31.2 ± 1.3 20.58 ± 0.22 3.87 ± 0.11 38.28 ± 2.64 1.5 198-1 28.0 ± 2.5 14.00 ± 0.08 3.25 ± 0.07 0.16 ± 0.03 2 198-2 25.3 ± 1.7 21.59 ± 0.39 2.55 ± 0.08 11.56 ± 0.52 2 198-8 25.3 ± 1.0 17.19 ± 0.11 3.58 ± 0.08 0.03 ± 0.03 2 204 − 18 25.5 ± 0.1 14.23 ± 0.07 3.71 ± 0.24 0.01 ± 0.01 2 Notes: drying rate is the proportion of solid components other than water in sweet potato, which affects processing; amylose content reflects gelatinization characteristics and digestibility of starch; amylopectin content affects the viscosity and expansibility of starch; anthocyanidin is water-soluble pigments whose color varies with the pH of plant cell fluid; sugar degree is the percentage of sugar by mass, the higher the sugar degree, the sweeter the taste. The amylose content of 196 − 16 was the highest, which was 26.58% (Table 3 ). Through the analysis of variance, it found that the amylose content of 196 − 16 was significantly different from that of other 19 sweet potato species ( P 0.05). The content of amylopectin in 196 − 14 was the highest, 4.51%, which was similar to that in 193 − 31, but no significant difference ( P > 0.05). The content of amylopectin in 198-2 was the lowest (2.55%), and there was no significant difference between the content of amylopectin in 193-4, 195-1 and 196 − 16 ( P > 0.05). Comparative analysis of anthocyanins and sugar content of different sweet potato varieties Anthocyanins are one of the main pigments that constitute the color of petals and fruit. As can be seen from Table 3 , the contents of anthocyanins in 193-3, 193-4, 193 − 16, 193 − 20, 193 − 31, 198-1, 198-8 and 204-8 were relatively low compared to other varieties. The anthocyanin content of 197 − 37 was the highest, which was 38.28 µg/g. Variance analysis showed that anthocyanin content of 197 − 37 sweet potato was significantly different from 19 other sweet potato species ( P < 0.05). According to Fig. 1 and Table 2 , the tuberous root color of sweet potato with high anthocyanin content is purple and dark purple, while the tuberous root color of sweet potato with low anthocyanin content or even without anthocyanin is yellow or white. The degree of sugar is a unit that expresses the concentration of solids in the sugar solution 33 , and refers to the number of dissolved grams of solids contained in a 100 g sugar solution. It showed from Table 3 that the sugar degree of 193 − 16 and 197 − 32 was the largest with 3.5, which indicated that these two varieties of sweet potato were sweeter than other varieties. The sugar contents of 193 − 20, 193 − 31, 197-4 and 197 − 37 were the lowest with 1.5. Comparative analysis of chroma of different sweet potato varieties The chroma of 20 varieties of sweet potato was measured, and the L*, a* and b* were analyzed. The data were shown in Table 4 . Colors of tuberous roots in 20 varieties of sweet potato included purple, yellow, white and other colors, resulting in diffences among sweet potato L* value, a* value, b* value and other indicators. The difference of L* among 20 sweet potato species was significant ( P < 0.05). The L* value of 193 − 16 was the largest, 88.25, which was corresponding to the whiteness and yellowish color of the sweet potato meat of this variety, and had no significant difference with the L* of 193-3, 193 − 20, 193 − 31, 198-1 and 204 − 18 varieties ( P > 0.05). The L* value of 197 − 37 was the lowest, 37.55, corresponding to the deep purple color of its sweet potato meat, and there was no significant difference in L* between 193 − 21, 195-1, 197-4 and 197 − 32 varieties ( P > 0.05). The L* value of 193-4 was 70.75, which was significantly different from that of other 19 varieties ( P < 0.05). Table 4 Chromaticity analysis of sweet potato Varieties L* a* b* 191-1 46.20 ± 4.38 6.82 ± 0.49 -1.67 ± 0.16 193-3 83.25 ± 0.55 4.00 ± 0.33 31.98 ± 2.61 193-4 70.75 ± 0.80 27.91 ± 0.69 33.05 ± 1.91 193 − 13 42.97 ± 2.68 12.04 ± 1.42 -0.45 ± 0.63 193 − 16 88.25 ± 0.25 0.11 ± 0.35 26.73 ± 0.21 193 − 20 86.15 ± 0.54 18.96 ± 0.93 26.74 ± 2.27 193 − 21 38.69 ± 3.61 11.89 ± 1.67 -1.15 ± 0.11 193 − 31 85.82 ± 0.64 3.01 ± 0.11 34.07 ± 1.97 195-1 40.64 ± 2.93 13.02 ± 1.68 0.22 ± 0.25 196-8 49.87 ± 1.77 18.96 ± 0.93 3.41 ± 0.59 196 − 14 46.09 ± 3.05 16.16 ± 1.24 0.80 ± 0.94 196 − 16 44.80 ± 1.54 14.62 ± 0.61 1.68 ± 0.50 197-4 40.04 ± 2.11 7.30 ± 0.41 -0.34 ± 0.26 197 − 25 46.34 ± 3.41 19.2 ± 01.31 -0.74 ± 0.87 197 − 32 42.22 ± 1.59 17.05 ± 0.52 -2.21 ± 0.91 197 − 37 37.55 ± 1.98 7.10 ± 0.60 -1.58 ± 0.18 198-1 85.27 ± 1.01 1.32 ± 0.59 20.74 ± 0.26 198-2 47.39 ± 2.76 18.12 ± 1.16 -0.12 ± 0.59 198-8 82.88 ± 2.10 6.54 ± 0.37 32.51 ± 1.04 204 − 18 86.57 ± 2.02 0.22 ± 0.63 24.31 ± 0.32 Notes: Chroma analysis is an important method to evaluate the appearance quality, nutritional value and processing applicability of sweet potato, mainly described by L* (brightness), a* (red and green value) and b* (yellow and blue value) chroma indexes. The larger the L*, the brighter the sweet potato surface, the larger the a*, the redder the color, and the larger the b*, the yellower the color. The a* value represents the reddish-green degree of the sample. The a* value of 193-4 was the largest with 27.91, and the a* value was significantly different from that of other 19 varieties of sweet potato ( P 0.05). The b* value represents the yellow-blue degree of the sample, and the b* value of 193 − 31 was the largest (34.07), which had little difference from the b* value of 193-3, 198-8 and 193-4 ( P > 0.05). 197 − 32 had the lowest b* value of -2.21. The b* values of 193 − 16 and 193 − 20 were similar, and the b* values were significantly different from those of other 18 varieties ( P < 0.05). Comparative analysis of texture of different sweet potato varieties The texture indexes (hardness, elasticity, adhesiveness, cohesiveness chewiness and resilience) of 20 varieties of sweet potato were determined, and the results were shown in Table 5 . Table 5 Texture index analysis of sweet potato Varieties Hardness g Elasticity N/A Cohesiveness N/A Adhesiveness g sec Chewiness g Resilience N/A 191-1 22079 ± 751 0.76 ± 0.043 0.69 ± 0.017 15269 ± 878 11711 ± 1313 0.39 ± 0.005 193-3 15548 ± 984 0.78 ± 0.032 0.65 ± 0.025 10100 ± 914 7887 ± 1039 0.33 ± 0.016 193-4 19036 ± 1466 0.71 ± 0.011 0.66 ± 0.007 12581 ± 1100 8952 ± 888 0.37 ± 0.007 193 − 13 15364 ± 849 0.75 ± 0.049 0.66 ± 0.029 10091 ± 869 7574 ± 1107 0.34 ± 0.013 193 − 16 17246 ± 67 0.70 ± 0.009 0.61 ± 0.009 10471 ± 137 7376 ± 15 0.32 ± 0.009 193 − 20 16039 ± 1045 0.71 ± 0.004 0.63 ± 0.005 10139 ± 587 7239 ± 463 0.33 ± 0.006 193 − 21 19899 ± 1276 0.73 ± 0.005 0.67 ± 0.009 13261 ± 702 9654 ± 464 0.34 ± 0.004 193 − 31 16369 ± 668 0.74 ± 0.017 0.70 ± 0.028 10736 ± 368 7819 ± 398 0.40 ± 0.048 195-1 19780 ± 1307 0.72 ± 0.046 0.59 ± 0.008 11744 ± 731 8470 ± 1077 0.34 ± 0.010 196-8 21699 ± 390 0.71 ± 0.022 0.63 ± 0.007 13760 ± 159 9772 ± 348 0.37 ± 0.007 196 − 14 18788 ± 514 0.72 ± 0.012 0.65 ± 0.005 12151 ± 374 8758 ± 386 0.36 ± 0.009 196 − 16 22447 ± 346 0.72 ± 0.019 0.64 ± 0.006 14387 ± 284 10335 ± 430 0.39 ± 0.001 197-4 21599 ± 259 0.74 ± 0.041 0.64 ± 0.016 13769 ± 486 10238 ± 862 0.37 ± 0.012 197 − 25 18740 ± 831 0.74 ± 0.023 0.61 ± 0.041 11482 ± 1263 8521 ± 1161 0.33 ± 0.025 197 − 32 20958 ± 1165 0.73 ± 0.004 0.63 ± 0.010 13294 ± 536 9667 ± 418 0.36 ± 0.008 197 − 37 20108 ± 239 0.72 ± 0.004 0.61 ± 0.001 12236 ± 173 9510 ± 417 0.33 ± 0.005 198-1 20826 ± 464 0.69 ± 0.006 0.59 ± 0.018 12335 ± 150 8521 ± 178 0.35 ± 0.010 198-2 17673 ± 748 0.76 ± 0.020 0.71 ± 0.004 12524 ± 611 9586 ± 695 0.35 ± 0.009 198-8 14285 ± 339 0.70 ± 0.007 0.63 ± 0.009 8948 ± 81 6580 ± 119 0.32 ± 0.003 204 − 18 16546 ± 632 0.62 ± 0.004 0.57 ± 0.022 9365 ± 544 5851 ± 370 0.31 ± 0.005 Notes: hardness is the force required to achieve maximum deformation at the first compression, reflecting the firmness of the sweet potato; elasticity is the ability to recover the original height after the first compression, reflecting its elastic deformation properties; cohesiveness is the ability to resist the second compression deformation, reflecting the tightness of its internal structure; adhesiveness reflects its tendency to adhere to contact surfaces.; chewiness which comprehensively reflects the energy required by the sweet potato in the chewing process; resilience is the ability to recover deformation during two compression processes, reflecting its elastic recovery characteristics. Hardness is an index that most directly reflects the taste of the sample 34 . The hardness of 196 − 16 was the highest, and that of 22447, 198-8 was the lowest, and that of 14285. The hardness difference between the two varieties was significant ( P 0.05). Elasticity is the degree to which the sample can recover after the first compression 35 . The stopping time between two compression tests is important for the determination of elasticity. The longer the stopping time is, the greater the recovery height is. Elasticity is expressed as the ratio of the recovery height of the sample detected in the second compression to the amount of deformation in the first compression. As shown in Table 5 , the elasticity of 204 − 18 sweet potato was the worst (0.62), and the elasticity of this sweet potato variety was significantly different from that of other 19 sweet potato varieties ( P 0.05). Cohesion indicates the relative resistance of the test sample to the second compression after the first compression deformation 36 . The cohesion of 198-2 was the best (0.71), which was similar to that of 191-1 and 193 − 31 ( P > 0.05). The cohesion of 204 − 18 was the worst (0.57), which was similar to that of 195-1 and 198-1. Adhesiveness is defined as the product of hardness and cohesion. One of the characteristics of semi-solid foods is that they have low hardness and high cohesion 37 . Therefore, this indicator is generally used to describe the taste of semi-solid foods. The adhesive property of 191-1 was the highest (15269), which was similar to that of 196 − 16 ( P > 0.05). The adhesive property of 198-8 was 8948, which was significantly different from that of 191-1 ( P < 0.05). Chewiness is a term used to describe solid foods, and reflects the taste of the food 38 . The energy required for the steady state of chewing solid food when swallowed. The masticability of 191-1 was the best with 11711, but 204 − 18 was the worst with 5851. Their difference was significant ( P < 0.05). The chewability of 191-1 was significantly higher than that of 204 − 18, and the difference between the two varieties reached 5860. The chewability of 191-1 was similar to that of 196 − 16 and 197-4 ( P > 0.05). Resilience is defined as the ratio of the area before the deformation target to the area after the deformation target at the first compression 39 . During the measurement, it is necessary to pay attention to the recovery status of the sample. In general, a slower test speed will be used to achieve the condition that the sample has enough time to recover, also ensure the accuracy of this feature 40 . The recovery of 193 − 31 varieties was the best (0.40), but the recovery of 204 − 18 varieties was the worst (0.31). The recovery of these two varieties was significantly different ( P < 0.05). Analysis of single sweet potato weight and yield of different sweet potato varieties The single sweet potato weights of 20 varieties were shown in Table 6 .The single sweet potato weight of 20 varieties was different, and the top three single sweet potato weights were 193 − 16, 193 − 21 and 198-1. The single sweet potato weight of 193 − 16 was the largest with 674 g, the single sweet potato weight of 193 − 21 was 534 g, and the single sweet potato weight of 198-1 was 469 g. The single sweet potato weight of 198-2 was the lowest with 143 g. Environmental factors such as climate and soil type could affect the results of the experiment, and more experiments would be conducted to verify the results. Table 6 Single weight and yield per hectare of 20 sweet potato varieties Varieties Single weight g yield per hectare kg/hm 2 191-1 193 ± 12 33000 ± 1200 193-3 151 ± 7 27000 ± 750 193-4 299 ± 19 27750 ± 750 193 − 13 296 ± 18 30000 ± 1050 193 − 16 674 ± 23 42000 ± 900 193 − 20 290 ± 12 30750 ± 750 193 − 21 534 ± 19 40500 ± 900 193 − 31 235 ± 7 30750 ± 1050 195-1 287 ± 9 30000 ± 750 196-8 326 ± 11 35250 ± 600 196 − 14 453 ± 15 37500 ± 900 196 − 16 162 ± 7 32250 ± 450 197-4 261 ± 7 27750 ± 450 197 − 25 349 ± 13 39000 ± 750 197 − 32 228 ± 11 30000 ± 600 197 − 37 147 ± 15 25500 ± 750 198-1 469 ± 21 39000 ± 450 198-2 143 ± 12 34500 ± 750 198-8 389 ± 13 36000 ± 600 204 − 18 178 ± 6 27000 ± 450 Notes: single weight is the weight of an average sweet potato; yield per hectare is the average weight of sweet potato per hectare, which is an important indicator of agricultural production efficiency. As shown in Table 6 , the top four per hectare yields were 193 − 16, 193 − 21, 197 − 25, and 198-1. The yield of 193 − 16 was the highest with 42 000 kg/hm 2 , 193 − 21 was 40 500 kg/hm 2 , 197 − 25 and 198-1 was 39 000 kg/hm 2 . 197 − 37 yield was the lowest with 25 500 kg/hm 2 . Combined with the single sweet potato weight, there were about 62 310 sweet potatoes with 193 − 16 varieties per hectare and about 167 000 sweet potatoes with 197 − 37 varieties per hectare. It showed that the number of sweet potatoes produced per hectare by 197 − 37 varieties was greater than 193 − 16. The yield of 42 000 kg fresh sweet potato per hectare can process 560 kg of starch, with an output value of about 3930 US dollars per hectare. This was similar to the findings of some studies 41 , 42 . The planting area of varieties with higher yield per hectare should be appropriately increased, its economic efficiency is much higher than that of food crops and more than many cash crops. The final processed sweet potato products have different forms, and the nutritional quality requirements of sweet potato varieties are also different. Dry sweet potato with high drying rate, high sugar content as the screening target, 193 − 16, 197 − 25, 197 − 32 with high sugar, moderate drying rate suitable for dried sweet potato. Fresh sweet potato is mainly selected for its good taste, low drying rate, suitable starch content and high sugar content after steaming or baking, and 193-3 and 196 − 16 are suitable for fresh sweet potato. 198-2 is suitable for making fresh mini sweet potato due to its small weight, small shape, moderate yield per hectare, large number of sweet potatoes, moderate drying rate, starch content and sugar content. High anthocyanin content and high drying rate were the main screening indexes for all-powder processed varieties. Therefore, variety 197 − 37, with the third drying rate (31.2%) and the first anthocyanin content (38.28 µg/g), was suitable for the promotion of all-powder processed sweet potato varieties. Conclusion The growth, development and quality of sweet potato are jointly affected by various factors such as the growing environment and the genotype of sweet potato itself. The yield, traits and nutritional value of the same variety of sweet potato will vary greatly when planted in different regions 43 , 44 . Therefore, when introduced into planting, it is necessary to determine whether it is appropriate to plant in this region according to the local planting traits of the variety. The sweet potato varieties in this study were divided into fresh and processed categories through statistical analysis. 191-1, 193 − 13, 193 − 16, 196 − 14, 197 − 32, 198-2, 198-8, 204 − 18 were classified in the fresh category, and 193-3, 193-4, 193 − 20, 193 − 21, 193 − 31, 195-1, 196-8, 196 − 16, 197-4, 197 − 25, 197 − 37, 198-1 were classified in the processed category. The utilization rate in sweet potato processing is relatively low, and a large amount of sweet potato residue is wasted, causing environmental pollution and other problems, which have affected the sustainable development of the sweet potato industry. In the future, efforts should be made to enhance the utilization rate in the sweet potato processing process and explore suitable processing methods for sweet potato residue to promote the sustainable development of the sweet potato industry. Declarations Acknowledgements This research was financially supported by the Scientific research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education [grant numbers B2013097] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 42207525]. Data Availability Statement Data is provided within the manuscript or supplementary information files. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). References Keyser, C. A. et al. Tailoring IPM plans to fight a cloaked pest: helping smallholder farmers combat the sweetpotato weevil in sub-Saharan Africa. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience 5 , 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-024-00231-4 (2024). Sarwanto, D., Tuswati, S. E. & Prayitno, C. H. Productivity and Quality of Sweet Potato Leaves (Ipomoea batatas) as Animal Feed in Integrated System in the AbadonedLimestone Mining Site. Indian Journal of Ecology 48 , 878-884 (2021). Si, C. C. et al. 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Soil properties, sweet potato growth and yield under biochar, poultry manure and their combination in two degraded Alfisols of humid tropics. Scientia Horticulturae 304 , 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111331 (2022). Perez-Pazos, J., V et al. Influence of morpho-physiological traits on root yield in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) genotypes and its adaptation in a sub-humid environment. Scientia horticulturae 275 , 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109703 (2021). Claude, S., Vivien, N. G. & Désiré, T. V. Evaluation of different sweet potato varieties for growth, quality and yield traits under chemical fertilizer and organic amendments in sandy ferralitic soils. African journal of agricultural research 12 , 3379-3388, https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2017.12675 (2017). Désiré, T. V., Gilles, N., Vivien & Claude, S. african journal of agricultural research evaluation of different sweet potato varieties for growth, quality and yield traits under chemical fertilizer and organic amendments in sandy ferralitic soils. African journal of agricultural research 12 , 3379-3388, https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2017.12675 (2019). Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Accepted 24 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 23 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 08 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5892723","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":446914255,"identity":"ceab9792-5dd0-4988-b985-2ab55a7d87cf","order_by":0,"name":"Kai Luo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University of Arts and Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kai","middleName":"","lastName":"Luo","suffix":""},{"id":446914260,"identity":"8a0f1cad-6749-4999-853d-3f97b165c359","order_by":1,"name":"Jie Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":446914262,"identity":"a8c203f1-3f7a-4f17-b22f-1a0e2a39ccc8","order_by":2,"name":"Xudong Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University of Arts and Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xudong","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":446914264,"identity":"8a6711af-2822-4c3c-9bbe-d55913e2de26","order_by":3,"name":"Jiachen Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University of Arts and Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiachen","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":446914267,"identity":"9e9003d6-766d-4919-87fa-f3925e205d4d","order_by":4,"name":"Jie Zhu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhu","suffix":""},{"id":446914269,"identity":"2b33a6bc-49d1-4622-bd7d-81f072b8f1c1","order_by":5,"name":"Yuqi Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAwwFEnIGEhAOYwNxWgwkjEnTwsBgwJC4gWgtBjeSNwJtsUjfLt1j+PEHg43shgPMzx7g15JWAHJY7s45Z4yleRjSjDccYDM3wK8lxwCsZQOQIc3AcDhxwwEeNglitKQDGcY/fzD8J15LApBhJsHDcICwFskzzwoOJBhIGG64c6zMmscg2XjmYTYzvFr4jidv/vChok7e4Hbz5ps/Kuxk+443P8OrRQHoKoYEhDuBmBmfeiCQb2DAG6KjYBSMglEwChgYAKNUSr0Kq3ujAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Hubei University of Arts and Science","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuqi","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-24 05:53:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5892723/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5892723/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13564-5","type":"published","date":"2025-08-01T16:05:21+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81256786,"identity":"cf2427d8-5019-4bb6-a60d-6225c4f43a04","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-24 05:03:58","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1979501,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCross-section of 20 varieties of sweet potato\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5892723/v1/11c2cabb069a68264d7d1f03.png"},{"id":88268184,"identity":"77c725d8-481a-4f94-9026-a69be6aecaa7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-04 16:49:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4099318,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5892723/v1/b3097930-4559-406c-bede-c25717471464.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Comparison of Quality Characteristics among 20 Sweet Potato Varieties","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eSweet potato (\u003cem\u003eIpomoea batatas\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Lam.) is a cultivated species belonging to the convolvulaceae family that can form tuberous root. It is an annual or perennial grassy vine, originating in South America, and has been widely planted in 111 countries and regions in the world \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Sweet potato is an important food crop as well as an important industrial raw material, and it ranks fourth in total food crop production in China, after rice, wheat and corn \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The sweet potato boasts a delightful sweet taste and is rich in nutritional value. It is abundant in dietary fiber, which aids in promoting intestinal peristalsis and digestion. Additionally, it serves as a significant source of energy for human activities, making it a crucial component of food, vegetables, and forage crops, so some countries in Africa and Asia, such as Congo and Japan, eat sweet potato as a staple food \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR5\" citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Sweet potato was introduced into China from the Philippines and Vietnam in the 16th century \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. At present, sweet potato is cultivated all over China, especially in Huaihai Plain, Yangtze River basin and southeast coastal provinces and regions, and China has become the world's largest producer of sweet potato \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt present, more and more people who lose weight take sweet potato as the staple food during weight loss, because sweet potato is rich in protein, starch, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamin A, B, C, E and calcium, potassium, iron and other trace elements \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In addition, sweet potato contains a lot of dietary fiber, which can effectively promote intestinal peristalsis and digestive fluid secretion, reduce the incidence of intestinal diseases and the constipation, so sweet potato has a high nutritional and medicinal value \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR15\" citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Sweet potato has a very low fat content and produces less heat in the human body. According to research reports \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, every 100 grams of fresh sweet potato only contains 0.2 grams of fat and produces 85 kcal of heat energy, which is only 1/3 of rice. It is a high-quality low-fat and low-energy food. Consequently, sweet potato can serve as a high-quality staple food during weight loss and bodybuilding endeavors. Furthermore, numerous foods and beverages are crafted from sweet potato, offering a diverse range of culinary options \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analysis of quality characteristics of sweet potato is an important basis in the process of seed selection and utilization of sweet potato. Therefore, 20 varieties of sweet potatoes were selected to determine their sugar content, drying rate, amylose content, amylopectin content, anthocyanin content, texture and colorimetry. By comparing the differences of these indicators, the main characteristics and indicators that determine the processing quality of sweet potato were found, and different processing purposes and processing methods suitable for sweet potato were divided, which to provide data reference for sweet potato breeding and processing decisions..\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSupplied experimental fields and plants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was carried out from the experimental field of Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, more than 100 meters away from the main road, the coordinates were 112\u0026deg;8'46.163\" ~ E112\u0026deg;9'12.843\" E; 32\u0026deg;5'43.594\" N\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;32\u0026deg;5'53.065\" N. The soil in the experimental field is yellow soil, and the topsoil texture is loam. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil were shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The tested materials were 20 sweet potato varieties, whose numbers, growth characteristics and sweet potato traits were shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe basic physical and chemical properties of the soil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoil texture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrganic matter\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(g/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailable nitrogen\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(mg/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailable phosphorus\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(mg/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvailable potassium\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(mg/kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellow soil\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLoam\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eNotes: soil type and soil texture determine the water retention and fertility of the soil; pH is the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the soil, reflecting the degree of acid and alkali in the soil; organic matter is a carbon-containing organic substance in soil that can improve soil fertility; Available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the main nutrients for plant growth.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariety number and growth characteristics of sweet potato\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarieties\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParietal color\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlade shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTendril\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSweet potato skin color\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSweet potato fleshy root color\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSweet potato shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple with white rings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellow with white rings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePink\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuchsia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple with white spots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpherical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFaint yellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMid-length\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePink\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen brown\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloral purple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloral purple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen brown\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeeply incised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple with a white heart\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModena\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen brown\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuchsia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhite\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePurple with yellow spots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAqua\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeart\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYellow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFusiform\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreen brown\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncised\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuchsia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhite\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong spindle shape\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eExperimental design\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe field experiment was conducted from June to October 2022 in Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A total of 80 land blocks were set up in the experiment, each with a length of 10.0 m, a width of 1.0 m, a plant spacing of 0.30 m, a total area of 800.0 m\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and a planting density of 4 sweet potato plants per square meter, each sweet potato variety was planted 4 times and repeated at random. Cultivation management was carried out according to conventional field management methods. Fertilizer application: compound fertilizer 75.0 g per square meter land with the ratio of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium was 15 to 15 to 15, total application of compound fertilizer was 7200 g.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSweet potato seedlings colonized as cave cuttings on June 11, 2022. Sweet potato (WR) are widely used in Hubei Province, provided and cultivated by the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences have been adopted in Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Seedlings were cultivated according to covered with film of vines seedling (patent license CN 103999664 A). When the seedlings grew 5\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;6 main leaves, healthy seedlings with constant growth were selected and transplanted cutting into the field.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSample determination\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe drying rate of sweet potato was determined by drying method. The three sweet potato blocks were randomly selected for each variety, washed, dried the skin, sliced and mixed the middle part, weighed at 100 g, dried at 80\u0026deg;C to constant weight, and the drying rate was determined. The contents of amylose and amylopectin in sweet potato were determined by dual wavelength colorimetry \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthocyanins are water-soluble pigments whose color varies with the pH of plant cell fluid \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. If the cell fluid is acidic, the color is red, and if the cell fluid is alkaline, the color is blue \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The anthocyanins were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry (Evolution 350, Thermo Scientific) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The 2.0 g sweet potato samples were extracted by hydrochloric acid ethanol extraction solution. The optical density values of the extracted solution at 530 nm, 620 nm and 650 nm were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the anthocyanin content was calculated. The sugar content was determined by a sugar meter. 10.0 g fresh sweet potato was ground into pulp, the sweet potato pulp was filtered, and the sugar content was measured in the sugar meter.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe chroma of sweet potato was determined by colorimeter (PFXi195, Lovibond). The fresh sweet potato was cut into 1.0 cm slices in the middle. The test mode was not to remove specular reflection, and the standard whiteboard was used as the standard sample. The L* value indicates that the brightness of the sample changes from 0 (black) to 100 (white); The a* value indicates the red-green degree of the sample, +a* indicates red, and -a* indicates green; The b* value indicates the yellowish blueness of the sample, +b* indicates yellow, and -b* indicates blue \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe texture of sweet potato was determined by a texture analyzer (TA.XT ExpressC, Stable Micro Systems) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The P/36R cylindrical probe (diameter 36mm) was used to determine the hardness, elasticity, chewiness, cohesiveness and resilience. The hardness, elasticity, chewiness and cohesiveness were used a double compression test (TPA mode), and resilience was used a single compression test. The adhesiveness was determined by the P/2 needle probe (diameter 2mm) and used a single compression test. The middle part of fresh sweet potato, about 2.0 cm thick, was placed on the instrument tray, the trigger force was set to 15 g, the thickness was set to 8.0 mm, the speed was set to 1.0 mm/s, 2.0 mm/s and 5.0 mm/s before, during and after the test, respectively. To ensure that the test points do not interfere with each other, the distance between the points is \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.5 cm. Exponent Lite (Version 6, Stable Micro Systems) was used to extract TPA-related parameters and analyze the test data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Excel (Version 2016, Microsoft Office) and SPSS (Version 22.0, IBM) were used for all data analysis and Origin (Version 2020, OriginLab) for graph rendering. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used for measurement data. Three parallel tests were performed for each test group, and the data were presented as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD of three replicates. Statistical significance levels are denoted as * (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) and ** (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eComparative analysis of dry weight rate and starch content of different sweet potato varieties\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dry weight rate of sweet potato is the percentage of dry weight and fresh weight of sweet potato slices after drying \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Under normal circumstances, the sweet potato varieties used for flour production require a higher dry weight rate, while the fresh varieties require a lower dry weight rate \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The dry weight rate value of sweet potato variety 197-4 was the largest with 36.2% shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. The dry weight rate of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was 33.5%, and the difference was significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). There was no significant difference between the dry weight rate of 197-4 and 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16, but there was significant difference between the dry weight rate of 197-4 and the other 18 sweet potato varieties. The dry weight rate of 193-3 was 18.2%, which was significantly different from that of other 19 sweet potato species. From the above analysis, it was found that varieties 197-4 and 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 were more suitable for flour production, and 193-3 were more suitable for fresh food.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuality index analysis of sweet potato\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarieties\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrying rate\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmylose\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmylopectin\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnthocyanidin\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026micro;g/g\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSugar degree\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026deg;Bx\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.0\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eNotes: drying rate is the proportion of solid components other than water in sweet potato, which affects processing; amylose content reflects gelatinization characteristics and digestibility of starch; amylopectin content affects the viscosity and expansibility of starch; anthocyanidin is water-soluble pigments whose color varies with the pH of plant cell fluid; sugar degree is the percentage of sugar by mass, the higher the sugar degree, the sweeter the taste.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe amylose content of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was the highest, which was 26.58% (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Through the analysis of variance, it found that the amylose content of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was significantly different from that of other 19 sweet potato species (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The amylose content of 193-4 was the lowest, 8.81%. The amylose content of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14 and 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 was similar but no significant difference (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The content of amylopectin in 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14 was the highest, 4.51%, which was similar to that in 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31, but no significant difference (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The content of amylopectin in 198-2 was the lowest (2.55%), and there was no significant difference between the content of amylopectin in 193-4, 195-1 and 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eComparative analysis of anthocyanins and sugar content of different sweet potato varieties\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnthocyanins are one of the main pigments that constitute the color of petals and fruit. As can be seen from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, the contents of anthocyanins in 193-3, 193-4, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31, 198-1, 198-8 and 204-8 were relatively low compared to other varieties. The anthocyanin content of 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 was the highest, which was 38.28 \u0026micro;g/g. Variance analysis showed that anthocyanin content of 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 sweet potato was significantly different from 19 other sweet potato species (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). According to Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, the tuberous root color of sweet potato with high anthocyanin content is purple and dark purple, while the tuberous root color of sweet potato with low anthocyanin content or even without anthocyanin is yellow or white.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe degree of sugar is a unit that expresses the concentration of solids in the sugar solution \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and refers to the number of dissolved grams of solids contained in a 100 g sugar solution. It showed from Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e that the sugar degree of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 and 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32 was the largest with 3.5, which indicated that these two varieties of sweet potato were sweeter than other varieties. The sugar contents of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31, 197-4 and 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 were the lowest with 1.5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eComparative analysis of chroma of different sweet potato varieties\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chroma of 20 varieties of sweet potato was measured, and the L*, a* and b* were analyzed. The data were shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Colors of tuberous roots in 20 varieties of sweet potato included purple, yellow, white and other colors, resulting in diffences among sweet potato L* value, a* value, b* value and other indicators. The difference of L* among 20 sweet potato species was significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The L* value of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was the largest, 88.25, which was corresponding to the whiteness and yellowish color of the sweet potato meat of this variety, and had no significant difference with the L* of 193-3, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31, 198-1 and 204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 varieties (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The L* value of 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 was the lowest, 37.55, corresponding to the deep purple color of its sweet potato meat, and there was no significant difference in L* between 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21, 195-1, 197-4 and 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32 varieties (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The L* value of 193-4 was 70.75, which was significantly different from that of other 19 varieties (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChromaticity analysis of sweet potato\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarieties\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eL*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ea*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eb*\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.01\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;01.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e82.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eNotes: Chroma analysis is an important method to evaluate the appearance quality, nutritional value and processing applicability of sweet potato, mainly described by L* (brightness), a* (red and green value) and b* (yellow and blue value) chroma indexes. The larger the L*, the brighter the sweet potato surface, the larger the a*, the redder the color, and the larger the b*, the yellower the color.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe a* value represents the reddish-green degree of the sample. The a* value of 193-4 was the largest with 27.91, and the a* value was significantly different from that of other 19 varieties of sweet potato (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 had the lowest a* value of 0.11. Among them, the a* values of 191-1, 197-4, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 and 198-8 were similar, and the difference was not significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe b* value represents the yellow-blue degree of the sample, and the b* value of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31 was the largest (34.07), which had little difference from the b* value of 193-3, 198-8 and 193-4 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32 had the lowest b* value of -2.21. The b* values of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 and 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20 were similar, and the b* values were significantly different from those of other 18 varieties (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eComparative analysis of texture of different sweet potato varieties\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe texture indexes (hardness, elasticity, adhesiveness, cohesiveness chewiness and resilience) of 20 varieties of sweet potato were determined, and the results were shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTexture index analysis of sweet potato\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarieties\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHardness\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElasticity\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCohesiveness\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdhesiveness\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eg sec\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChewiness\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eResilience\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22079\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;751\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15269\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;878\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11711\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1313\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15548\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;984\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.78\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10100\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;914\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7887\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19036\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1466\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12581\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8952\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;888\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15364\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;849\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10091\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;869\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7574\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17246\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10471\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7376\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16039\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1045\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10139\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;587\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7239\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;463\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19899\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1276\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13261\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;702\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9654\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16369\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;668\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10736\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;368\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7819\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;398\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19780\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1307\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11744\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;731\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8470\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1077\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21699\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;390\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13760\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9772\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;348\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18788\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;514\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.65\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12151\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;374\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8758\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;386\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22447\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;346\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14387\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;284\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10335\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;430\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21599\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;259\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13769\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;486\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10238\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;862\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18740\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;831\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11482\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1263\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8521\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20958\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1165\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13294\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;536\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9667\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;418\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20108\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;239\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12236\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9510\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;417\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20826\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;464\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12335\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8521\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17673\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;748\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12524\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;611\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9586\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;695\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.35\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14285\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8948\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6580\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;119\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16546\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;632\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9365\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;544\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5851\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;370\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eNotes: hardness is the force required to achieve maximum deformation at the first compression, reflecting the firmness of the sweet potato; elasticity is the ability to recover the original height after the first compression, reflecting its elastic deformation properties; cohesiveness is the ability to resist the second compression deformation, reflecting the tightness of its internal structure; adhesiveness reflects its tendency to adhere to contact surfaces.; chewiness which comprehensively reflects the energy required by the sweet potato in the chewing process; resilience is the ability to recover deformation during two compression processes, reflecting its elastic recovery characteristics.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHardness is an index that most directly reflects the taste of the sample \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The hardness of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was the highest, and that of 22447, 198-8 was the lowest, and that of 14285. The hardness difference between the two varieties was significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The hardness of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was similar to that of 191-1, 196-8, 197-4 and 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eElasticity is the degree to which the sample can recover after the first compression \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The stopping time between two compression tests is important for the determination of elasticity. The longer the stopping time is, the greater the recovery height is. Elasticity is expressed as the ratio of the recovery height of the sample detected in the second compression to the amount of deformation in the first compression. As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, the elasticity of 204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 sweet potato was the worst (0.62), and the elasticity of this sweet potato variety was significantly different from that of other 19 sweet potato varieties (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The elasticity of 193-3 was the best (0.78), which was similar to that of 191-1and 198-2 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCohesion indicates the relative resistance of the test sample to the second compression after the first compression deformation \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The cohesion of 198-2 was the best (0.71), which was similar to that of 191-1 and 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The cohesion of 204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 was the worst (0.57), which was similar to that of 195-1 and 198-1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdhesiveness is defined as the product of hardness and cohesion. One of the characteristics of semi-solid foods is that they have low hardness and high cohesion \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, this indicator is generally used to describe the taste of semi-solid foods. The adhesive property of 191-1 was the highest (15269), which was similar to that of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The adhesive property of 198-8 was 8948, which was significantly different from that of 191-1 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChewiness is a term used to describe solid foods, and reflects the taste of the food \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The energy required for the steady state of chewing solid food when swallowed. The masticability of 191-1 was the best with 11711, but 204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 was the worst with 5851. Their difference was significant (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The chewability of 191-1 was significantly higher than that of 204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18, and the difference between the two varieties reached 5860. The chewability of 191-1 was similar to that of 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 and 197-4 (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eResilience is defined as the ratio of the area before the deformation target to the area after the deformation target at the first compression \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. During the measurement, it is necessary to pay attention to the recovery status of the sample. In general, a slower test speed will be used to achieve the condition that the sample has enough time to recover, also ensure the accuracy of this feature \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The recovery of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31 varieties was the best (0.40), but the recovery of 204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 varieties was the worst (0.31). The recovery of these two varieties was significantly different (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAnalysis of single sweet potato weight and yield of different sweet potato varieties\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe single sweet potato weights of 20 varieties were shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.The single sweet potato weight of 20 varieties was different, and the top three single sweet potato weights were 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21 and 198-1. The single sweet potato weight of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was the largest with 674 g, the single sweet potato weight of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21 was 534 g, and the single sweet potato weight of 198-1 was 469 g. The single sweet potato weight of 198-2 was the lowest with 143 g. Environmental factors such as climate and soil type could affect the results of the experiment, and more experiments would be conducted to verify the results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle weight and yield per hectare of 20 sweet potato varieties\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVarieties\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle weight\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyield per hectare\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ekg/hm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e151\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e299\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27750\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e296\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e674\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e290\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30750\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e534\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40500\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e235\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30750\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e195-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e287\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e326\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35250\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e453\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37500\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e162\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32250\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197-4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e261\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27750\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e349\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25500\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e469\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34500\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198-8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e389\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;600\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e178\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27000\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;450\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eNotes: single weight is the weight of an average sweet potato; yield per hectare is the average weight of sweet potato per hectare, which is an important indicator of agricultural production efficiency.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, the top four per hectare yields were 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25, and 198-1. The yield of 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 was the highest with 42 000 kg/hm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21 was 40 500 kg/hm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25 and 198-1 was 39 000 kg/hm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 yield was the lowest with 25 500 kg/hm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Combined with the single sweet potato weight, there were about 62 310 sweet potatoes with 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 varieties per hectare and about 167 000 sweet potatoes with 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 varieties per hectare. It showed that the number of sweet potatoes produced per hectare by 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37 varieties was greater than 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16. The yield of 42 000 kg fresh sweet potato per hectare can process 560 kg of starch, with an output value of about 3930 US dollars per hectare. This was similar to the findings of some studies \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The planting area of varieties with higher yield per hectare should be appropriately increased, its economic efficiency is much higher than that of food crops and more than many cash crops.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe final processed sweet potato products have different forms, and the nutritional quality requirements of sweet potato varieties are also different. Dry sweet potato with high drying rate, high sugar content as the screening target, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32 with high sugar, moderate drying rate suitable for dried sweet potato. Fresh sweet potato is mainly selected for its good taste, low drying rate, suitable starch content and high sugar content after steaming or baking, and 193-3 and 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16 are suitable for fresh sweet potato. 198-2 is suitable for making fresh mini sweet potato due to its small weight, small shape, moderate yield per hectare, large number of sweet potatoes, moderate drying rate, starch content and sugar content. High anthocyanin content and high drying rate were the main screening indexes for all-powder processed varieties. Therefore, variety 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37, with the third drying rate (31.2%) and the first anthocyanin content (38.28 \u0026micro;g/g), was suitable for the promotion of all-powder processed sweet potato varieties.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe growth, development and quality of sweet potato are jointly affected by various factors such as the growing environment and the genotype of sweet potato itself. The yield, traits and nutritional value of the same variety of sweet potato will vary greatly when planted in different regions \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Therefore, when introduced into planting, it is necessary to determine whether it is appropriate to plant in this region according to the local planting traits of the variety.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sweet potato varieties in this study were divided into fresh and processed categories through statistical analysis. 191-1, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;13, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16, 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;32, 198-2, 198-8, 204\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;18 were classified in the fresh category, and 193-3, 193-4, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;21, 193\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;31, 195-1, 196-8, 196\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;16, 197-4, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;25, 197\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;37, 198-1 were classified in the processed category.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe utilization rate in sweet potato processing is relatively low, and a large amount of sweet potato residue is wasted, causing environmental pollution and other problems, which have affected the sustainable development of the sweet potato industry. In the future, efforts should be made to enhance the utilization rate in the sweet potato processing process and explore suitable processing methods for sweet potato residue to promote the sustainable development of the sweet potato industry.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research was financially supported by the Scientific research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education [grant numbers B2013097] and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 42207525].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability Statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData is provided within the manuscript or supplementary information files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisclosure statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKeyser, C. 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Disintegration of Steamed Root Tissues of Sweet Potato and its Relation to Texture and the Contents of Starch, Calcium and Pectic Substances. \u003cem\u003eNippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e62\u003c/strong\u003e, 555-562, https://doi.org/10.3136/nskkk.62.555 (2015).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGonz\u0026aacute;lez, A., Alvis, A. \u0026amp; Arr\u0026aacute;zola, G. Effect of Edible Coating on the Properties of Sweet Potato Slices (Ipomoea Batatas Lam) Cooked by Deep-Fat Frying: Part 1: Texture. \u003cem\u003eInformaci\u0026oacute;n Tecnol\u0026oacute;gica\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e26\u003c/strong\u003e, 11-15, https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-07642015000100011 (2015).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCastro‐Mendoza, M. P., Navarro‐Cortez, R. O., Hern\u0026aacute;ndez‐Uribe, J. P., Bello‐P\u0026eacute;rez, L. A. \u0026amp; Vargas‐Torres, A. Sweet potato color variety and flour production drying method determine bioactive compound content and functional properties of flour.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Journal of Food Processing Preservation\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e46\u003c/strong\u003e, 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16852 (2022).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSobowale, S. S., Ikedichi, A. J., Kewuyemi, Y. O. \u0026amp; Adebo, O. A. Response surface methodology approach for predicting microwave convective drying characteristics of sweet potato slices.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Journal of Food Processing Preservation\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e46\u003c/strong\u003e, 16683-16692, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.16683 (2022).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWees, D., Seguin, P. \u0026amp; Boisclair, J. 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Correlation Analysis between Measured Values of the Texture Analyzer and Scale Values of Sensory Evaluation for Food Hardness. \u003cem\u003eAdvanced Materials Research\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e183-185\u003c/strong\u003e, 882-886, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.183-185.882 (2011).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShibata, A.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;et al.\u003c/em\u003e Food Texture Sensing by Using a Variable Elasticity Type Imitation Tongue. \u003cem\u003eJournal of the Robotics Society of Japan\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e34\u003c/strong\u003e, 631-639, https://doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.34.631 (2016).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGiri, N. A. \u0026amp; Sakhale, B. K. 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Evaluation of different sweet potato varieties for growth, quality and yield traits under chemical fertilizer and organic amendments in sandy ferralitic soils. \u003cem\u003eAfrican journal of agricultural research\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e, 3379-3388, https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2017.12675 (2017).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eD\u0026eacute;sir\u0026eacute;, T. V., Gilles, N., Vivien \u0026amp; Claude, S. african journal of agricultural research evaluation of different sweet potato varieties for growth, quality and yield traits under chemical fertilizer and organic amendments in sandy ferralitic soils. \u003cem\u003eAfrican journal of agricultural research\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e, 3379-3388, https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2017.12675 (2019).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Sweet potato, Nutritional index, Texture index, Chroma, Processing type","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5892723/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5892723/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of quality characteristics of sweet potato is an important basis for the selection and utilization of sweet potato varieties. The nutritional indexes (sugar content, drying rate, amylose content, amylopectin content, anthocyanin content), structural indexes (hardness, elasticity, cohesion, adhesibility, chewiness, resilience) and chroma of 20 sweet potato varieties were measured and significant analysis was conducted. The nutritional value, texture quality and processing suitability were evaluated. The results showed that the dry weight rates of sweet potato varieties 197-4 (36.2%) and 196-16 (33.5%) were high and 193-3 was low compared with other varieties, indicating varieties 197-4 and 196-16 were more suitable for flour production, and 193-3 were more suitable for fresh food. The single potato weight of 193-16 was the largest (674 g), and that of 198-2 was the smallest (143 g). The acre yield of 193-16 was the highest, which was 42 000 kg/hm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, and the acre yield of 197-37 is the lowest, which was 25 500 kg/hm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. The variety 197-37 was suitable for pigment extract due to the highest anthocyanin content (38.3 μg/g), and the drying rate was 31.2%, which was suitable for the promotion of starch processing sweet potato varieties. The yield of 42 000 kg fresh sweet potato per hectare can process 560 kg of starch, with an output value of about 3930 US dollars per hectare. These findings can guide sweet potato breeding and processing decisions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Comparison of Quality Characteristics among 20 Sweet Potato Varieties","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-24 05:03:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5892723/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Accepted","date":"2025-07-24T14:19:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"193501088086142691005034258059670977309","date":"2025-05-01T01:09:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T12:19:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-20T16:31:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-04-08T14:52:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1d18d6d5-a6c6-4c7a-b575-e9314d2cbebb","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":47569064,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences/Plant breeding"},{"id":47569065,"name":"Biological sciences/Biotechnology/Plant biotechnology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-04T16:41:37+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5892723","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13564-5","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-08-01 16:05:21","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-24 05:03:54","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-13564-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13564-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5892723","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5892723","identity":"rs-5892723","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}