Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review

Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281" }, "headline": "Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic...", "datePublished": "2024-04-17T12:28:55", "dateModified": "2024-08-09T15:32:58", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sounyala Rayannavar" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sunil Kumar MV" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Vignesh Kamath" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Mahantesh Bembalgi" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Namratha Nayak" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Praveen Jodalli" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Introduction Osseointegration stands as a pivotal concept within the realm of dental implants, signifying the intricate process through which a dental implant integrates with the adjoining bone tissue. Graphene oxide (GO) has been shown to promote osseointegration, the process by which the implant fuses with the surrounding bone. The objective of this study was to assess the osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of GO nano coated dental implants. Methods A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) to identify relevant studies published. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies that evaluated the effects of GO nano coating on osseointegrative and antimicrobial characteristics of dental implants. Studies not written in English and published before 2012 were excluded. Results The initial search yielded a total of 127 potential studies, of which six met the inclusion criteria and five were included in the review. These studies provided data on GO nano coated dental implants and their osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties. All the included studies showed moderate risk of bias. None of the studies provided information related to sample size calculation or sampling technique. Discussion The findings from the included studies demonstrated that GO nano coating had a positive impact on osseointegrative properties of dental implants. Enhanced bone-implant contact and increased bone density were observed in animals and humans receiving GO nano coated implants. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of GO nano coating were found to inhibit bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the implant surface, reducing the risk of implant-associated infections. Conclusion The findings indicate that GO nano coating holds promise in enhancing the success rate and longevity of dental implants. However, more studies with larger sample sizes, are needed to further strengthen the evidence and determine the long-term effects of GO nano coated dental implants. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2", "name": "Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano..." } } ] } Home Browse Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Rayannavar S, MV SK, Kamath V et al. Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148180.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Systematic Review Revised Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Sounyala Rayannavar 1 , Sunil Kumar MV 2 , Vignesh Kamath https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4996-448X 3 , Mahantesh Bembalgi 4 , Namratha Nayak 5 , Praveen Jodalli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-9823 6 Sounyala Rayannavar 1 , Sunil Kumar MV 2 , [...] Vignesh Kamath https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4996-448X 3 , Mahantesh Bembalgi 4 , Namratha Nayak 5 , Praveen Jodalli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6243-9823 6 PUBLISHED 09 Aug 2024 Author details Author details 1 Department of Prosthodontics, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgavi, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Jaipur Dental College, Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 3 Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 4 Department of Prosthodontics, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgavi, Karnataka, India 5 Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 6 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India Sounyala Rayannavar Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Sunil Kumar MV Roles: Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Vignesh Kamath Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Mahantesh Bembalgi Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Namratha Nayak Roles: Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Praveen Jodalli Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Manipal Academy of Higher Education gateway. This article is included in the Nanoscience & Nanotechnology gateway. Abstract Introduction Osseointegration stands as a pivotal concept within the realm of dental implants, signifying the intricate process through which a dental implant integrates with the adjoining bone tissue. Graphene oxide (GO) has been shown to promote osseointegration, the process by which the implant fuses with the surrounding bone. The objective of this study was to assess the osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of GO nano coated dental implants. Methods A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) to identify relevant studies published. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies that evaluated the effects of GO nano coating on osseointegrative and antimicrobial characteristics of dental implants. Studies not written in English and published before 2012 were excluded. Results The initial search yielded a total of 127 potential studies, of which six met the inclusion criteria and five were included in the review. These studies provided data on GO nano coated dental implants and their osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties. All the included studies showed moderate risk of bias. None of the studies provided information related to sample size calculation or sampling technique. Discussion The findings from the included studies demonstrated that GO nano coating had a positive impact on osseointegrative properties of dental implants. Enhanced bone-implant contact and increased bone density were observed in animals and humans receiving GO nano coated implants. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of GO nano coating were found to inhibit bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on the implant surface, reducing the risk of implant-associated infections. Conclusion The findings indicate that GO nano coating holds promise in enhancing the success rate and longevity of dental implants. However, more studies with larger sample sizes, are needed to further strengthen the evidence and determine the long-term effects of GO nano coated dental implants. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Graphene oxide, dental implants, osseointegration, antimicrobial properties, systematic review Corresponding Author(s) Vignesh Kamath ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Vignesh Kamath Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2024 Rayannavar S et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Rayannavar S, MV SK, Kamath V et al. Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148180.2 ) First published: 17 Apr 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148180.1 ) Latest published: 09 Aug 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148180.2 ) Revised Amendments from Version 1 We have made several revisions based on the valuable feedback from our reviewer. Below are the key updates: Modified Abstract. References addition: We have added the references suggested by the reviewer for the two relevant sentences. Search strategy table modification: As per the reviewer's comment, we have modified our search strategy table. Reference list update: We have updated and modified the reference list to reflect the newly added references and ensure that all citations are correctly formatted and up-to-date. We have made several revisions based on the valuable feedback from our reviewer. Below are the key updates: Modified Abstract. References addition: We have added the references suggested by the reviewer for the two relevant sentences. Search strategy table modification: As per the reviewer's comment, we have modified our search strategy table. Reference list update: We have updated and modified the reference list to reflect the newly added references and ensure that all citations are correctly formatted and up-to-date. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Dinesh Rokaya READ REVIEWER RESPONSES Introduction Osseointegration stands as a pivotal concept within the realm of dental implants, signifying the intricate process through which a dental implant integrates with the adjoining bone tissue. This integration results in the formation of a robust and enduring foundation for the replacement tooth or teeth. 1 This term is derived from the Latin words “Osseo” which means bone, and “integration,” which means to make whole. 1 Osseointegration primarily depends on the implant placement, healing period, biocompatibility, stability, longevity and maintenance of the dental implant. 2 , 3 The process of osseointegration begins when a dental implant, typically made of biocompatible materials like titanium, is surgically placed into the jawbone at the site of a missing tooth. This implant post serves as a replacement for the natural tooth’s root. Bio-activation as well as surface modification of titanium implants reduces an immune response and allows for successful osseointegration. 4 Cobalt chromium alloys, Iron-chromium-nickel based alloys and ceramics were also used as dental implant materials. Titanium alloys and titanium alloys stays superior to the previous dental implants due to its excellent osseointegrative properties. 5 While pure titanium implants and their alloys exhibit outstanding biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and chemical stability, they are associated with certain disadvantages, including delayed osseointegration and an extended period of post-operative healing. These factors can contribute to the potential failure of dental implants. 6 To address these limitations, implant surface alterations using techniques based on the immobilisation of biologically active organic compounds has been discovered. 7 Surface coating of titanium dental implants is an essential aspect of implant dentistry, as it plays a crucial role in enhancing osseointegration, stability, and long-term success of the implant. 8 , 9 There are several surface coatings and treatments that can be applied to titanium dental implants to improve their performance. Some of the commonly used surface coatings and treatments include: Anodic Oxidation (Anodization), Sandblasting and Acid Etching, Plasma Spraying, Blasted Surfaces, Titanium Nitride Coating, Zirconia Coating, Chemical Modifications. 8 Surface modifications using nanomaterials are widely used recently. These nanomaterials make good coating options for dental implants made of titanium (Ti-based) as it enhances implant fixation and encourages soft tissue integration and osteogenesis. In addition, osteoconductive nanoparticles creates a chemical bond with bone to ensure that implants are biologically fixed. 10 In order to achieve better osseointegrative properties, naturally bioactive and antimicrobial polymers like chitosan and graphene oxide have been employed. By exposing bioactive modifications to simulated bodily fluids, specific cellular and tissue reactions can be induced, leading to biomimetic precipitation of calcium phosphate (CaP). 11 – 13 Graphene coatings stimulate osteogenic differentiation, cell adhesion, and antibacterial activity. 12 Coating dental implants with graphene oxide can offer several potential benefits. Graphene oxide has demonstrated the ability to enhance osseointegration, the bonding process between the implant and the adjacent bone. The distinctive surface characteristics of graphene oxide promote enhanced bone adhesion, resulting in increased stability and prolonged success of the implant. Graphene oxide possesses antibacterial properties, which can help prevent infections around the implant site. 14 Graphene oxide is generally considered biocompatible. This means it is well-tolerated by the human body and does not provoke a significant immune response. The high surface area and unique properties of graphene oxide can be harnessed for controlled drug delivery. This may allow for the local release of antibiotics or other therapeutic agents to further prevent infection and promote healing. Graphene oxide coatings can improve the visibility of dental implants in imaging techniques like X-rays or CT scans, aiding in diagnosis and follow-up care. 15 – 17 Their extensive surface area and ability to be functionalized allow for precise drug delivery, enhancing drug effectiveness and minimizing side effects. The amalgamation of graphene oxide with other biomaterials can augment the surface properties of a material, impart antibacterial attributes, and influence cellular behavior. 15 , 16 Various studies have been conducted to compare the osteogenic potential, physical properties and biologic properties of titanium dental implants with or without graphene oxide surface modification. 18 – 20 As these comparative studies conducted are on different forms of surface coatings on titanium implants, the current systematic review aimed to examine and analyse osseointegrative properties of graphene oxide coated Titanium dental implants compared to conventional titanium dental implants without any surface modifications. Methods The current review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. 21 This review has been officially registered with PROSPERO and has been assigned the registration number CRD42023413883. Search strategy We performed an extensive search across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, to identify relevant articles evaluating the osteointegration and biological properties of titanium dental implants coated with graphene oxide. The search utilized key terms such as “graphene oxide,” “titanium implants,” “osseointegration,” “surface roughness,” and “surface characteristics,” combined using Boolean operators “AND” or “OR” to optimize article retrieval. The inclusion criteria for this review encompassed studies published from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2022, covering a span of 10 years. The rationale behind this timeframe was to focus on the recently emerged method of surface modification involving graphene oxide coating on titanium dental implants. Consequently, studies published before 2012 were excluded. 20 The details of search strategy are mentioned in Table 1 . 22 Details of the studies were uploaded in figshare open repository and publically available. 22 Table 1. Search strategy. (“titanium”[MeSH Terms] OR “titanium”[All Fields] OR “titaniums”[All Fields]) AND (“dental implants”[MeSH Terms] OR (“dental”[All Fields] AND "implants”[All Fields]) OR “dental implants”[All Fields]) AND ((“surface”[All Fields] OR “surface s”[All Fields] OR “surfaced”[All Fields] OR “surfaces”[All Fields] OR “surfacing”[All Fields] OR “surfacings”[All Fields]) AND (“coated”[All Fields] OR “coating”[All Fields] OR “coating s”[All Fields] OR “coatings”[All Fields])) AND (“graphene oxide”[Supplementary Concept] OR “graphene oxide”[All Fields]) AND (“osseointegrate”[All Fields] OR “osseointegrated”[All Fields] OR “osseointegrates”[All Fields] OR “osseointegrating”[All Fields] OR “osseointegration”[MeSH Terms] OR “osseointegration”[All Fields] OR “osseointegrative”[All Fields]) Study selection The studies included were in line with the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes) criteria 23 : • Population: Titanium dental implants • Intervention(s): surface modification of titanium dental implants with graphene oxide coating • Comparator(s)/control: Conventional implant or surface modification done with other materials such as chitosan • Outcome(s): Osseointegration and biological properties of Graphene oxide nano coated titanium dental implants. Inclusion criteria Two reviewers (SR and VK) independently evaluated titles and abstracts to identify potentially suitable studies. Any uncertainties were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer (SK). The inclusion criteria for the chosen studies encompassed English language research articles with complete full-text manuscripts. Additionally, all in vitro studies, clinical trials, randomized clinical trials, comparative studies, and cross-sectional studies relevant to the topic were considered for inclusion, while case reports, case series, narrative reviews, and single-arm longitudinal studies were excluded. Abstracts without accompanying full-text articles were also excluded from the conduct and reporting of the present systematic review . Flowchart illustrating the process for inclusion of articles is illustrated in Figure 1 . Figure 1. PRISMA flowchart describing the inclusion process of articles. Data extraction The articles obtained following the literature search underwent scrutiny by the study investigators to eliminate duplicated or irrelevant studies. Subsequently, two reviewers (SR and VK) independently conducted further screening of the remaining articles to assess their eligibility for inclusion in the systematic review. For each study, the following factors were meticulously noted: Author name(s), study design, type of coating, method of coating, surface characteristics, mechanical properties, cell adhesion, and antimicrobial properties. 22 Quality assessment Risk of Bias assessment: The quality assessment of the studies included in the review was conducted using the QUIN tool specifically designed for evaluating the risk of bias in in-vitro studies. 24 This tool assesses bias across 12 domains, encompassing clearly stated aims and objectives, a comprehensive explanation of sample size calculation, detailing of the sampling technique, information about the comparison group, methodology explanation, operator details, randomization process, method of outcome measurement, details of the outcome assessor, blinding, statistical analysis, and presentation of results. 22 , 24 Results The current systematic review focused on determining whether osseointegration and the biological properties of graphene oxide nano coated titanium dental implants are superior to conventional or other nanomaterial-coated titanium dental implants. The study entailed a comparative analysis of contact angle and surface roughness between conventional/chitosan-coated titanium implants and graphene oxide-coated titanium implants. Study selection The electronic search was conducted through three distinct stages. In the initial stage, a total of 127 articles were initially retrieved by employing specified keywords in the electronic databases. Two independent reviewers (VK and SR) conducted this search. The titles of the retrieved studies were then screened to ensure they met the eligibility criteria outlined by the PICO framework. Moving on to the second stage, abstracts of all selected titles were meticulously screened, and the complete texts of 39 studies deemed potentially pertinent were identified for the third stage. Notably, 33 studies were excluded at this stage as they assessed parameters beyond contact angle, surface roughness, and biocompatibility. In the third stage, a detailed review was conducted on the complete texts of the 39 identified studies. Ultimately, 6 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. 12 , 25 – 29 One of the reviewed articles exhibited a discrepancy in measurement presentation for outcomes (contact angle and surface roughness), resulting in the exclusion of these studies from the quantitative analysis 12 ( Table 2 ). Table 2. characteristics of the studies included. Sl. No. Study ID Implant type Surface characteristics Cell proliferation ALP activity Biofilm thickness Other outcomes Spectra Contact angle Surface roughness 1 Corado et al 2022 12 1.Ti 2. Ti-GO 3. Ti-NB. 4. Ti-NBGO. EDS spectra 1.Ti: 50.74 ± 4.6 2. Ti-GO: 100.35 ±10.85 3. Ti-NB.: 44.33 ± 10.0 4. Ti-NBGO: 55.86 ± 6.1 0.52 ± 0.06 0.44 ± 0.03 0.47 ± 0.04 0.64 ± 0.47 NA NA NA Surface energy 51.61 ± 4.79 40.80 ± 13.47 12.94 ± 9.33 46.10 ± 6.38 2 Shin et al 2022 25 1. ST (control) 2. rhBMP-2-immobilized ST (BI-ST), 3. rhBMP-2-treated ST (BT-ST), 4. rGO-coated ST (R-ST). Raman shift ST: 79.3 ± 0.9 nm R-ST discs: 7.1 ± 1.8 nm 21 days: ST: 400 BI-ST: 395 BT-ST: 395 R-ST: 500 21 days: ST: 15 BI-ST: 25 BT-ST: 50 R-ST: 98 Cell attachment: ST: 100 BI-ST: 100 BT-ST: 120 R-ST: 150 3 Guo et al 2021 26 1. PEEK (P) 2. PEEK PDA (PA) 3. PEEK PDA GO (PAG) PAG coated PEEK materials 1. P: 83.5 ° ± 0.74 2. PA: 68 ° ±3.1 3. PAG: 53 ° ± 4 Kang et al 2021 27 1. Intact Ti 2. rGO Ti rGO Ti showed strong Raman peak successfully coated rGO on Ti substrates 1. Intact Ti: 127.4 ± 1.0 2. rGO Ti: 76.3 ± 2.4 Surface energy 1. Intact Ti: 8.0 ± 0.5 2. rGO Ti: 37.7 ± 1.1 1. Intact Ti: 400 2. rGO Ti: 500 1. Intact Ti: 10 2. rGO Ti: 25 Mineralization: 1. Intact Ti: 250 2. rGO Ti: 1000 5 Park et al 2020 28 1. Chitosan implant 2. Graphene chitosan 1% 3% 5% Surfaces of hybrid Implants showed GO integration compared to Chitosn implants. 1. Chitosan: 61.5° 2. GC 1%: 56.2°, 3% GC: 54.6°, and 5% GC: 54.5°. 1. Chitosan: 114.6 ± 7.9 nm 2. GC 1%: 124.6 ± 4.7 nm 3% GC: 140.7 ± 8.8 nm and 5% GC: 149.0 ± 7.2 nm 1. Chitosan implant: 1 abr unit 2. GC: 1%: 1.8 3%: 1.5 5%: 1.5 1. Chitosan: 18 m 2. Graphene chitosan 1%: 10m 3%: 15m 5%: 10m05 Antibacterial effect: 1% GC > 3% GC > 5% GC > chitosan) 6 Mazaheri et al 2014 29 1. Chitosan 2. GO(1.5 wt%)–chitosan 3. GO(3 wt%)–chitosan 4. GO(6 wt%)–chitosan 1. Chitosan: 1.6 ± 0.1 2. GO(1.5 wt%) chitosan: 2.4 ± 0.2 3. GO(3 wt%)–chitosan: 12.9 ± 1.1 4. GO(6 wt%+)–chitosan: 17.5 ± 2.9 NA Risk of bias assessment Every study included in the analysis demonstrated a moderate risk of bias. None of the studies furnished details pertaining to sample size calculation or the employed sampling technique. Details of blinding of the examiners was unclear in the included studies ( Table 3 ). Table 3. Risk of bias. Study ID Clearly stated aim, objectives Detailed explanation of sample size calculation Detailed explanation of sampling technique Details of comparison group Detailed explanation of methodology Operator details Randomization Method of outcome measurement Outcome assessment details Blinding Statistical analysis Presentation of results Risk of bias Corado et al 2022 12 2 1 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 Moderate Shin et al 2022 25 2 0 0 1 2 2 0 1 2 0 2 2 Moderate Guo et al 2021 26 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 Moderate Kang et al 2021 27 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 Moderate Park et al 2020 28 2 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 Moderate Mazaheri et al 2014 29 2 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 0 2 2 Moderate Discussion Graphene oxide has recently demonstrated remarkable achievements in dentistry, spanning the treatment of oral cancer, regenerative dentistry, drug delivery, and antibacterial applications. 27 Liu et al. (2011) conducted a review in the domain of oral disease treatment, emphasizing the potential application of graphene oxide as a restorative material for addressing dental caries. The review underscored the utilization of graphene oxide due to its superior physicochemical and mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, the study highlighted its compatibility with glass ionomer cements, demonstrating the capability to improve the mechanical properties of composites without compromising their aesthetic attributes or their ability to release fluoride. 30 Graphene and graphene oxide have demonstrated characteristics with potential anticaries effects, inhibiting the colonization of S. mutans and P. gingivalis . Moreover, these materials exhibit the capability to stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) and stem cells from periodontal ligaments (PDLSC). This property is conducive to the regeneration of dental pulp and periodontal ligament tissues. 29 , 31 Graphene oxide finds extensive use in dental implants owing to its notable surface energy, mechanical strength, and biointegration properties. The incorporation of graphene in implants is primarily driven by its capacity to physically interact with biomolecules such as enzymes, proteins, or peptides. Graphene exhibits exceptional biocompatibility, efficiently stimulates and matures stem cells, and possesses long-term durability. Furthermore, the substantial surface area of graphene is a crucial aspect with significant potential for future bio-functionalization. 30 Titanium implants are coated with both graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) showcased their inherent ability to induce osteogenic differentiation. This characteristic is of particular significance for the long-term success of dental implants in comparison to conventional surface treatments like grit-blasting, acid etching, and micro-arc oxidation. 32 , 33 The analysis focused on studies that evaluated Osseointegration properties, utilizing available data from the selected studies, including contact angle and surface roughness. Additionally, the application of reduced graphene oxide as a surface coating in titanium implants was also explored. Both reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide coating renders similar surface characteristics to the titanium implant. Other characteristics such as Raman Shift, surface energy and biologic properties (cell proliferation, Alkaline Phosphatase [ALP] activity and biofilm thickness were not assessed as the study results of these parameters were presented in different measurements (either in percentages or in abr units) and at different time duration. Hence the quantitative analysis of same was not performed due to the differences in data presentation. However, study by Shin et al.,2022 showed that reduced graphene oxide nanocoated titanium dental implants have high cell proliferation rate and ALP activity within 21 days. 25 Cell attachment was also observed to be higher in reduced graphene oxide coated titanium implants. Kang et al., 2021 also reported a higher mineralization with reduced graphene oxide coated titanium dental implants. 27 Quantitative assessment of the selected studies was conducted to evaluate surface characteristics, specifically surface roughness and contact angle are represented in Figure 2 and Figure 3 . 22 In the comparison between Graphene Oxide-coated titanium implants and Chitosan/control implants, the latter exhibited a lower contact angle and higher surface roughness. These findings suggest enhanced adhesion to the periosteum. Notably, research has demonstrated that reduced graphene oxide coating, when combined with concentrated growth factors, facilitates the differentiation of implants into osteoblasts. This acknowledgment highlights its potential as a revolutionary material for altering dental implants and acting as a foundational structure for the regeneration of bone tissue. Figure 2. Comparison of contact angle for GO coated Ti implants and Ti implants. Figure 3. Comparison of surface roughness for GO coated Ti implants and Ti implants. Shin et al. and Kwak et al. suggested that increased rGO concentration on the surfaces of titanium implants leads to rougher surfaces capable of absorbing exogenous proteins, thereby promoting cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. 25 , 34 The recognized antibacterial mechanisms of GO currently include the physical breakdown of the cell membrane and the induction of damage through oxidative stress. Generally, materials based on graphene are known to generate oxidative stress, primarily through reactive oxygen species, resulting in antibacterial effects and significant harm to bacterial cells. 19 Another antibacterial mechanism of GO involves the dispersibility and trapping capacity of its oxygen-containing functional groups. 35 In accordance with the insights from the review, the reduction of graphene oxide has been observed to enhance antibacterial capabilities by diminishing bacterial colonization on graphene oxide-coated titanium implants. Notably, a substantial enhancement in osseointegrative characteristics has been evident, as evidenced by elevated alkaline phosphatase activity and increased cell proliferation around the graphene oxide-coated titanium implants. These findings underscore the multifaceted benefits of optimizing graphene oxide configurations for improved antimicrobial and osseointegrative performance in the context of dental implants. The hydrophobic nature of graphene oxide plays a role in preventing bacterial cells from adhering to each other, and this hydrophobic contact can lead to the breakdown of the bacterial membrane, exerting an antibiotic effect. 13 , 36 , 37 The expression of ALP, and extracellular matrix proteins such as RUNX2 and COL1A1 that promotes osteoblast differentiation appears to be improved by rGO as well. 38 Several studies have shown that through the activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/P38 pathway, improved bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) adhesion capacity, and proliferation, GO can trigger early osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. 39 Additionally, hMSC (human mesenchymal stem cells) adhesion, migration, and proliferation can be controlled by graphene oxide. 40 – 42 Hence graphene oxide coated dental implants serves higher chances in success of dental implants due to its improved biological and mechanical properties compared to conventional/chitosan coated dental implants. 43 Moreover, it is imperative to conduct clinical trials and studies to thoroughly evaluate the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and long-term performance of graphene oxide-coated titanium dental implants, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of their advanced properties. Considering the scarcity in in-vitro studies conducted in comparing the biological properties and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide surface coated titanium dental implants, more studies could be conducted in future. Studies comparing graphene oxide coated titanium dental implants with other bioactive surface modification materials such as ceramic and composites would also determine the superiority of biological, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide surface coating. Conclusion Utilizing graphene oxide as a coating for titanium implants creates a highly biocompatible surface, promoting enhanced integration with surrounding tissues and reducing the risk of rejection or complications. The exceptional mechanical strength and flexibility inherent in graphene oxide further contribute to the durability and longevity of the implants, ensuring not only effective integration but also sustained long-term performance. The success or failure of dental implants hinges on various factors, including implant location, the load-bearing capacity of the underlying bone, and the overall health of the patient. In conclusion, the potential transformation of implantology is embodied in graphene oxide-coated titanium dental implants, driven by advancements in biocompatibility, osseointegration, antibacterial properties, and controlled drug delivery. Continued research and thorough scientific inquiry have the potential to position these implants as significant contributors to considerably improved patient outcomes, a reduction in complications, and an overall enhancement in the quality of life for individuals in need of dental implants. Authors’ contributions All authors contributed equally for this study and preparation of manuscript. Data availability statement Underlying data All underlying data are available as part of the article and no additional source data are required. Extended data Figshare: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25163666.v1 . 22 Data are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC-BY 4.0). Reporting guidelines Figshare: checklist for Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review, https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.25163666.v1 . 22 References 1. Jayesh RS, Dhinakarsamy V: Osseointegration. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 2015 Apr; 7 (Suppl 1): 226–229. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 2. Parithimarkalaignan S, Padmanabhan TV: Osseointegration: an update. J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc. 2013 Mar; 13 (1): 2–6. Epub 2013 Jan 11. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 3. Le Guéhennec L, Soueidan A, Layrolle P, et al. : Surface treatments of titanium dental implants for rapid osseointegration. Dent. Mater. 2007 Jul; 23 (7): 844–854. Publisher Full Text 4. Silva RCS, Agrelli A, Andrade AN, et al. : Titanium Dental Implants: An Overview of Applied Nanobiotechnology to Improve Biocompatibility and Prevent Infections. Materials. 2022 Apr 27; 15 (9): 3150. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 5. Saini M, Singh Y, Arora P, et al. : Implant biomaterials: A comprehensive review. World J. Clin. Cases. 2015 Jan 16; 3 (1): 52–57. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 6. Tribst JPM, Werner A, Blom EJ: Failed Dental Implant: When Titanium Fractures. Diagnostics. 2023; 13 (12): 2123. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 7. Jemat A, Ghazali MJ, Razali M, et al. : Surface Modifications and Their Effects on Titanium Dental Implants. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015; 2015 : 791725. Epub 2015 Sep 7. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 8. Vishnu S, Kusum D: Advances in surface modification of dental implants from micron to nanotopography. Int. J. Res. Dent. 2011; 1 : 1–10. 9. Pandey C, Rokaya D, Bhattarai BP: Contemporary Concepts in Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Review. Biomed. Res. Int. 2022; 2022 : 6170452. 10. Parnia F, Yazdani J, Javaherzadeh V, et al. : Overview of Nanoparticle Coating of Dental Implants for Enhanced Osseointegration and Antimicrobial Purposes. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2017 May 29; 20 : 148–160. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 11. Zhang Y, Gulati K, Li Z, et al. : Dental Implant Nano-Engineering: Advances, Limitations and Future Directions. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021 Sep 24; 11 (10): 2489. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 12. Corado HPR, de Souza M , Soraes F, et al. : Titanium Coated with Graphene and Niobium Pentoxide for Biomaterial Applications. Int. J. Biomater. 2022 Nov 30; 2022 : 2786101–2786111. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 13. Tan J, Li L, Li B, et al. : Titanium Surfaces Modified with Graphene Oxide/Gelatin Composite Coatings for Enhanced Antibacterial Properties and Biological Activities. ACS Omega. 2022 Jul 25; 7 (31): 27359–27368. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 14. La WG, Jin M, Park S, et al. : Delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and substance P using graphene oxide for bone regeneration. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2014 May 7; 107–107. Publisher Full Text 15. Homas A, Johnson JA: Graphene-Based Materials in Dental Applications: Antibacterial, Biocompatible, and Bone Regenerative Properties. Seifalian A, editor. Int. J. Biomater. 2023 Feb 7; 2023 : 1–18. Publisher Full Text 16. Al-Noaman A, Rawlinson SCF: A novel bioactive glass/graphene oxide composite coating for a polyether ether ketone-based dental implant. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 2023 Apr; 131 (2): e12915. Epub 2023 Jan 27. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 17. Srimaneepong V, Skallevold HE, Khurshid Z, et al. : Graphene for Antimicrobial and Coating Application. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022; 23 (1). PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 18. Jang W, Kim HS, Alam K, et al. : Direct-Deposited Graphene Oxide on Dental Implants for Antimicrobial Activities and Osteogenesis. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2021; 16 : 5745–5754. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 19. Özcan M, Volpato CAM, Hian L, et al. : Graphene for Zirconia and Titanium Composites in Dental Implants: Significance and Predictions. Curr. Oral Health Rep. 2022; 9 : 66–74. Publisher Full Text 20. Mobarak MH, Hossain N, Hossain A, et al. : Advances of graphene nanoparticles in dental implant applications – A review. Appl. Surf. Sci. Adv. 2023 Dec 1 [cited 2023 Nov 25]; 18 : 100470. Publisher Full Text Reference Source 21. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. : The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021; 372 : n7. Publisher Full Text 22. Rayannavar S, Kumar MVS, Kamath V, et al. : Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review. figshare. 2024 [cited 2024Mar29]. Reference Source 23. Aslam S, Emmanuel P: Formulating a Researchable question: a Critical Step for Facilitating Good Clinical Research. Indian J. Sex Transm. Dis. AIDS. 2010; 31 (1): 47–50. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 24. Sheth VH, Shah NP, Jain R, et al. : Development and validation of a risk-of-bias tool for assessing in vitro studies conducted in dentistry: The QUIN. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2022 Jun. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 25. Shin YC, Bae JH, Lee JH, et al. : Enhanced osseointegration of dental implants with reduced graphene oxide coating. Biomater. Res. 2022 Mar 21; 26 (1): 11. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 26. Guo C, Lu R, Wang X, et al. : Graphene Oxide-Modified Polyetheretherketone with Excellent Antibacterial Properties and Biocompatibility for Implant Abutment. Macromol. Res. 2021 May; 29 (5): 351–359. Publisher Full Text 27. Kang MS, Jeong S, Lee SH, et al. : Reduced graphene oxide coating enhances osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on Ti surfaces.2021 Feb 12; 25 (1). 28. Park S, Kim HR, Choi KS, et al. : Graphene–Chitosan Hybrid Dental Implants with Enhanced Antibacterial and Cell-Proliferation Properties.2020 Jul 16; 10 (14): 4888–4888. 29. Mazaheri M, Akhavan O, Simchi A: Flexible bactericidal graphene oxide–chitosan layers for stem cell proliferation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014 May; 301 : 456–462. Publisher Full Text 30. Liu S, Zeng TH, Hofmann M, et al. : Antibacterial Activity of Graphite, Graphite Oxide, Graphene Oxide, and Reduced Graphene Oxide: Membrane and Oxidative Stress. ACS Nano. 2011 Aug 24; 5 (9): 6971–6980. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 31. Nizami MZI, Takashiba S, Nishina Y: Graphene oxide: A new direction in dentistry. Appl. Mater. Today. 2020 Jun; 19 : 100576. Publisher Full Text 32. Lee JH, Shin YC, Jin OS, et al. : Reduced graphene oxide-coated hydroxyapatite composites stimulate spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Nanoscale. 2015; 7 (27): 11642–11651. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 33. Li X, Lin K, Wang Z: Enhanced growth and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on Ti6Al4V alloys modified with reduced graphene oxide. RSC Adv. 2017; 7 : 14430–14437. Publisher Full Text 34. Kwak JM, Kim J, Lee C-S, et al. : Graphene Oxide as a Biocompatible and Osteoinductive Agent to Promote Implant Osseointegration in a Rabbit Tibia Model. Adv. Mater. Interfaces. 2022; 9 : 2201116. Publisher Full Text 35. Ghensi P, Bressan E, Gardin C, et al. : Osteo Growth Induction titanium surface treatment reduces ROS production of mesenchymal stem cells increasing their osteogenic commitment. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 2017 May 1; 74 : 389–398. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 36. Li X, Liang X, Wang Y, et al. : Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Dental Applications: Principles, Current Advances, and Future Outlook.2022 Mar 10 [cited 2023 Jul 3]; 10 . Reference Source 37. Zou X, Zhang L, Wang Z, et al. : Mechanisms of the antimicrobial activities of graphene materials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016; 138 (7): 2064–2077. Publisher Full Text 38. Komori T; Regulation of bone development and extracellular matrix protein genes by RUNX2. Cell Tissue Res. 2010 Jan; 339 (1): 189–95. Epub 2009 Aug 1. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 39. Li Q, Wang Z: Involvement of FAK/P38 Signaling Pathways in Mediating the Enhanced Osteogenesis Induced by Nano-Graphene Oxide Modification on Titanium Implant Surface. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 2020 Jun 30; 15 : 4659–4676. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 40. Akhavan O, Ghaderi E: Escherichia coli bacteria reduce graphene oxide to bactericidal graphene in a self-limiting manner. Carbon. 2012; 50 (5): 1853–1860. Publisher Full Text 41. Lu J, Sun J, Zou D, et al. : Graphene-Modified Titanium Surface Enhances Local Growth Factor Adsorption and Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2021 Jan 12; 8 : 621788. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 42. Docheva D, Popov C, Mutschler W, et al. : Human mesenchymal stem cells in contact with their environment: surface characteristics and the integrin system. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2007 Jan-Feb; 11 (1): 21–38. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 43. Daulbayev C, Sultanov F, Korobeinyk AV, et al. : Effect of graphene oxide/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite on osteogenic differentiation and antimicrobial activity. Surf. Interfac. 2022 Feb 1; 28 : 101683–101683. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 17 Apr 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Department of Prosthodontics, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgavi, Karnataka, India 2 Department of Prosthodontics, Jaipur Dental College, Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India 3 Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 4 Department of Prosthodontics, KAHER's KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgavi, Karnataka, India 5 Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 6 Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 575001, India Sounyala Rayannavar Roles: Conceptualization, Formal Analysis, Funding Acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Sunil Kumar MV Roles: Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Vignesh Kamath Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Mahantesh Bembalgi Roles: Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Namratha Nayak Roles: Methodology, Resources, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Praveen Jodalli Roles: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (2) version 2 Revised Published: 09 Aug 2024, 13:281 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148180.2 version 1 Published: 17 Apr 2024, 13:281 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148180.1 Copyright © 2024 Rayannavar S et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Rayannavar S, MV SK, Kamath V et al. Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.148180.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 09 Aug 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Latti P. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313031 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-313031 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 13 Sep 2024 Pooja Latti , Department of Public Health Dentistry, Anoor Dental college and Hospital, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313031 Abstract: Methodology: Mention the exact time frame of the studies. To add on the search terms and data collected from the studies. The results section to be modified with the relevant observations made from the reviewed studies. The ... Continue reading READ ALL Abstract: Methodology: Mention the exact time frame of the studies. To add on the search terms and data collected from the studies. The results section to be modified with the relevant observations made from the reviewed studies. The number of studies included has to be made clear. Introduction: Graphene coatings stimulate osteogenic differentiation, cell adhesion, and antibacterial activity. 12 - T o cite additional supporting references. Various studies have been conducted to compare the osteogenic potential, physical properties and biologic properties of titanium dental implants with or without graphene oxide surface modification. 18 – 20 - Reference number 19 and 20 are review articles and not a research article. Hence requested to cite relevent research articles. Discussion: Several studies have shown that through the activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/P38 pathway, improved bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) adhesion capacity, and proliferation, GO can trigger early osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. 39 - To cite the supporting studies. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Public Health, Oral Health, Ethics, Preventive Dentistry I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Latti P. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313031 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-313031 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Garcha V. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313026 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-313026 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 14 Aug 2024 Vikram Garcha , Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313026 1. The authors have made a good attempt in writing the manuscript regarding to study and evaluate the oseo-integrative and the antimicrobial properties of graphene on dental implants. 2. The authors can consider adding the details of favours control and ... Continue reading READ ALL 1. The authors have made a good attempt in writing the manuscript regarding to study and evaluate the oseo-integrative and the antimicrobial properties of graphene on dental implants. 2. The authors can consider adding the details of favours control and favours experimental in Fig 2 as done for fig 3. 3. Best wishes Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Research and Statistics, Health informatics, Health education. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Garcha V. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313026 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-313026 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rokaya D. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r312736 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-312736 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 12 Aug 2024 Dinesh Rokaya , Zarqa University, Az-Zarqa, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r312736 The authors have edited and improved ... Continue reading READ ALL The authors have edited and improved the manuscript, and it can be accepted. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Prosthodontics, maxillofacial prosthetics, dental implants, dental materials I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rokaya D. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r312736 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-312736 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 13 Aug 2024 Vignesh Kamath , Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India 13 Aug 2024 Author Response Thank you for the acceptance Competing Interests: none Thank you for the acceptance Thank you for the acceptance Competing Interests: none Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 13 Aug 2024 Vignesh Kamath , Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India 13 Aug 2024 Author Response Thank you for the acceptance Competing Interests: none Thank you for the acceptance Thank you for the acceptance Competing Interests: none Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 17 Apr 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rokaya D. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.162458.r289857 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v1#referee-response-289857 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 27 Jun 2024 Dinesh Rokaya , Zarqa University, Az-Zarqa, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.162458.r289857 This is an interesting article where the authors did a systematic review to study the antimicrobial properties of graphene on dental implants. However, the methodology is not clear which needs clarification and improvement, especially the search strategy. The abstract needs ... Continue reading READ ALL This is an interesting article where the authors did a systematic review to study the antimicrobial properties of graphene on dental implants. However, the methodology is not clear which needs clarification and improvement, especially the search strategy. The abstract needs improvement. Finally, the manuscript needs revision and English language improvement. Some comments on this research are as follows. Abstract The method section is not clear. It is better to add details. Introduction For the line “Surface coating of titanium dental implants is an essential aspect of implant dentistry, as it plays a crucial role in enhancing osseointegration, stability, and long-term success of the implant”. Add reference [Ref -1] Graphene coatings stimulate osteogenic differentiation, cell adhesion, and antibacterial activity. Add reference [Ref-2]. In these lines, there are no citations, so I recommend to add one. Add more to the statement with references “Graphene oxide coatings can improve the visibility of dental implants in imaging techniques like X-rays or CT scans, aiding in diagnosis and follow-up care.” Method The search strategy is confusing. Please add the total search search words used. In the Table 1, it is not good to mix the PICO and the search words. The authors can add PICO in a separate table. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Partly References 1. Pandey C, Rokaya D, Bhattarai BP: Contemporary Concepts in Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Review. Biomed Res Int . 2022; 2022 : 6170452 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Srimaneepong V, Skallevold HE, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, et al.: Graphene for Antimicrobial and Coating Application. Int J Mol Sci . 2022; 23 (1). PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Prosthodontics, maxillofacial prosthetics, dental implants, dental materials I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rokaya D. Reviewer Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.162458.r289857 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v1#referee-response-289857 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 09 Aug 2024 Vignesh Kamath , Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India 09 Aug 2024 Author Response Thank you for all the valuable comments. We have responded to all the comments provided by the reviewer and made the necessary corrections. The updates are as follows: ... Continue reading Thank you for all the valuable comments. We have responded to all the comments provided by the reviewer and made the necessary corrections. The updates are as follows: Comment 1: Added the references suggested by the reviewer for the two sentences. Comment 2: Modified the search strategy as per the reviewer's suggestions. Updated and modified the reference list accordingly. All changes have been made using track changes, and the new version of the manuscript is submitted for your review. Thank You Thank you for all the valuable comments. We have responded to all the comments provided by the reviewer and made the necessary corrections. The updates are as follows: Comment 1: Added the references suggested by the reviewer for the two sentences. Comment 2: Modified the search strategy as per the reviewer's suggestions. Updated and modified the reference list accordingly. All changes have been made using track changes, and the new version of the manuscript is submitted for your review. Thank You Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 09 Aug 2024 Vignesh Kamath , Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India 09 Aug 2024 Author Response Thank you for all the valuable comments. We have responded to all the comments provided by the reviewer and made the necessary corrections. The updates are as follows: ... Continue reading Thank you for all the valuable comments. We have responded to all the comments provided by the reviewer and made the necessary corrections. The updates are as follows: Comment 1: Added the references suggested by the reviewer for the two sentences. Comment 2: Modified the search strategy as per the reviewer's suggestions. Updated and modified the reference list accordingly. All changes have been made using track changes, and the new version of the manuscript is submitted for your review. Thank You Thank you for all the valuable comments. We have responded to all the comments provided by the reviewer and made the necessary corrections. The updates are as follows: Comment 1: Added the references suggested by the reviewer for the two sentences. Comment 2: Modified the search strategy as per the reviewer's suggestions. Updated and modified the reference list accordingly. All changes have been made using track changes, and the new version of the manuscript is submitted for your review. Thank You Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 17 Apr 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 2 (revision) 09 Aug 24 read read read Version 1 17 Apr 24 read Dinesh Rokaya , Zarqa University, Az-Zarqa, Jordan Vikram Garcha , Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, India Pooja Latti , Anoor Dental college and Hospital, Muvattupuzha, India Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Latti P. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Sep 2024 | for Version 2 Pooja Latti , Department of Public Health Dentistry, Anoor Dental college and Hospital, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India 0 Views copyright © 2024 Latti P. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Abstract: Methodology: Mention the exact time frame of the studies. To add on the search terms and data collected from the studies. The results section to be modified with the relevant observations made from the reviewed studies. The number of studies included has to be made clear. Introduction: Graphene coatings stimulate osteogenic differentiation, cell adhesion, and antibacterial activity. 12 - T o cite additional supporting references. Various studies have been conducted to compare the osteogenic potential, physical properties and biologic properties of titanium dental implants with or without graphene oxide surface modification. 18 – 20 - Reference number 19 and 20 are review articles and not a research article. Hence requested to cite relevent research articles. Discussion: Several studies have shown that through the activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/P38 pathway, improved bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) adhesion capacity, and proliferation, GO can trigger early osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. 39 - To cite the supporting studies. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? I cannot comment. A qualified statistician is required. Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Not applicable Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Public Health, Oral Health, Ethics, Preventive Dentistry I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Latti P. Peer Review Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313031) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-313031 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Garcha V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 14 Aug 2024 | for Version 2 Vikram Garcha , Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India 0 Views copyright © 2024 Garcha V. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions 1. The authors have made a good attempt in writing the manuscript regarding to study and evaluate the oseo-integrative and the antimicrobial properties of graphene on dental implants. 2. The authors can consider adding the details of favours control and favours experimental in Fig 2 as done for fig 3. 3. Best wishes Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Research and Statistics, Health informatics, Health education. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Garcha V. Peer Review Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r313026) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-313026 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rokaya D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 12 Aug 2024 | for Version 2 Dinesh Rokaya , Zarqa University, Az-Zarqa, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rokaya D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The authors have edited and improved the manuscript, and it can be accepted. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Prosthodontics, maxillofacial prosthetics, dental implants, dental materials I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 13 Aug 2024 Vignesh Kamath, Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India Thank you for the acceptance View more View less Competing Interests none reply Respond Report a concern Rokaya D. Peer Review Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170004.r312736) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2#referee-response-312736 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rokaya D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 27 Jun 2024 | for Version 1 Dinesh Rokaya , Zarqa University, Az-Zarqa, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan 0 Views copyright © 2024 Rokaya D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This is an interesting article where the authors did a systematic review to study the antimicrobial properties of graphene on dental implants. However, the methodology is not clear which needs clarification and improvement, especially the search strategy. The abstract needs improvement. Finally, the manuscript needs revision and English language improvement. Some comments on this research are as follows. Abstract The method section is not clear. It is better to add details. Introduction For the line “Surface coating of titanium dental implants is an essential aspect of implant dentistry, as it plays a crucial role in enhancing osseointegration, stability, and long-term success of the implant”. Add reference [Ref -1] Graphene coatings stimulate osteogenic differentiation, cell adhesion, and antibacterial activity. Add reference [Ref-2]. In these lines, there are no citations, so I recommend to add one. Add more to the statement with references “Graphene oxide coatings can improve the visibility of dental implants in imaging techniques like X-rays or CT scans, aiding in diagnosis and follow-up care.” Method The search strategy is confusing. Please add the total search search words used. In the Table 1, it is not good to mix the PICO and the search words. The authors can add PICO in a separate table. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Partly References 1. Pandey C, Rokaya D, Bhattarai BP: Contemporary Concepts in Osseointegration of Dental Implants: A Review. Biomed Res Int . 2022; 2022 : 6170452 PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Srimaneepong V, Skallevold HE, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, et al.: Graphene for Antimicrobial and Coating Application. Int J Mol Sci . 2022; 23 (1). PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Prosthodontics, maxillofacial prosthetics, dental implants, dental materials I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 09 Aug 2024 Vignesh Kamath, Department of Prosthodontics Crown and Bridge, Manipal college of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India Thank you for all the valuable comments. We have responded to all the comments provided by the reviewer and made the necessary corrections. The updates are as follows: Comment 1: Added the references suggested by the reviewer for the two sentences. Comment 2: Modified the search strategy as per the reviewer's suggestions. Updated and modified the reference list accordingly. All changes have been made using track changes, and the new version of the manuscript is submitted for your review. Thank You View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Rokaya D. Peer Review Report For: Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide nano coated dental implants: A systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2024, 13 :281 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.162458.r289857) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v1#referee-response-289857 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Rayannavar S et al.'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281", templates : { twitter : "Osseointegrative and antimicrobial properties of graphene oxide.... Rayannavar S et al., published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/13-281/v2" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/148180/170004") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "170004"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "296076": 0, "296077": 0, "296078": 0, "296079": 0, "296073": 0, "296074": 0, "296075": 0, "296080": 0, "296081": 0, "296082": 0, "312736": 13, "284341": 0, "284342": 0, "284343": 0, "284348": 0, "284349": 0, "284350": 0, "284344": 0, "284345": 0, "284346": 0, "284347": 0, "289860": 0, "313028": 0, "271301": 0, "289861": 0, "313029": 0, "271302": 0, "289862": 0, "313030": 0, "271303": 0, "289863": 0, "313031": 11, "289857": 22, "289858": 0, "313026": 6, "289859": 0, "313027": 0, "271308": 0, "271309": 0, "271310": 0, "271304": 0, "289864": 0, "313032": 0, "271305": 0, "289865": 0, "313033": 0, "271306": 0, "289866": 0, "313034": 0, "271307": 0, "313035": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "e6a0c05c-b122-4df2-9e4d-1c67eeb7cbca"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });