Investigation of Superconducting Quantum Interference Readout Electronics based on Self-feedback Differential Low-noise Amplifier

Investigation of Superconducting Quantum Interference Readout Electronics based on Self-feedback Differential Low-noise Amplifier | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigation of Superconducting Quantum Interference Readout Electronics based on Self-feedback Differential Low-noise Amplifier Zhenyu Yang, Changwei Zhai, Hongxing Yang, Jianting Zhao, Yunfeng Lu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4741889/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of Low Temperature Physics → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) has been widely applied in various metrology and precision applications, owing to its excellent magnetic sensitivity. The stable and accurate readout circuit is crucial for SQUID applications. In this paper, we designed the self-feedback differential low-noise amplifier (SDLA) and relied on the flux-loop lock (FLL) to construct the direct readout circuit. This weakens feedback current interferences and maintains the balance between SQUID two terminals, which in turn minimizes the influence of wire resistors. The SDLA is composed of matched transistors and two amplifiers that maintain stable amplification performance and low noise performance through current feedback. In a series of experiments, the feedback current is reduced to the pA level, minimizing wire resistor influences; the voltage white noise of the readout circuit is around 0.65 nV/Hz 1/2 . The SQUID characteristics can be measured clearly and the total noise of the readout system remains low. Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Flux-loop lock Differential amplifier Voltage noise Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 04 Nov, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of Low Temperature Physics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 Aug, 2024 Reviews received at journal 08 Aug, 2024 Reviews received at journal 05 Aug, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 16 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 15 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4741889","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":336775323,"identity":"602303c2-51df-4655-9ea1-f085ad8e2353","order_by":0,"name":"Zhenyu Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harbin Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":336775324,"identity":"af248017-a707-4718-8e4f-7cb279d5216e","order_by":1,"name":"Changwei Zhai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Harbin Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Changwei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhai","suffix":""},{"id":336775325,"identity":"c02744fd-7fb3-43b3-bfb0-b759b15865b2","order_by":2,"name":"Hongxing Yang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAq0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNhBhw8PP3kCkBh6IljQZyZ4DpGk5bGNww4FILfbsxxIffNxxnofhBgPjh485xNjCk3bYcOaZ2zyMsxuYJWduI8ph6W3SvG23eZhlDrAx8xKlhf95+2/etnM8bBIJxGqRSDvGzNt2gIeHeC03niVLzmxL5pHgOdhMnF/Y+9MMP3xss7O3P9588MNHYrQgAcYG0tSPglEwCkbBKMANAJp3MQAKKZ0IAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Harbin Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongxing","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":336775326,"identity":"bd297d6e-e171-4910-991c-605fd5156839","order_by":3,"name":"Jianting Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Metrology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jianting","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":336775327,"identity":"a5ae89ea-a89f-4b29-b5f6-8f9e8373ad0c","order_by":4,"name":"Yunfeng Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Institute of Metrology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yunfeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-15 09:29:48","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4741889/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4741889/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-024-03233-8","type":"published","date":"2024-11-04T15:57:41+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":68750130,"identity":"2bf181d9-6cbb-4b3e-8cf5-ce8b203b5fb7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-11 16:10:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":581322,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4741889/v1_covered_30286247-4bbe-4549-a150-759a8b742aec.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Investigation of Superconducting Quantum Interference Readout Electronics based on Self-feedback Differential Low-noise Amplifier","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-low-temperature-physics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jltp","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Low Temperature Physics](http://link.springer.com/journal/10909)","snPcode":"10909","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10909/3","title":"Journal of Low Temperature Physics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Superconducting Quantum Interference Device, Flux-loop lock, Differential amplifier, Voltage noise","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4741889/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4741889/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eSuperconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) has been widely applied in various metrology and precision applications, owing to its excellent magnetic sensitivity. The stable and accurate readout circuit is crucial for SQUID applications. In this paper, we designed the self-feedback differential low-noise amplifier (SDLA) and relied on the flux-loop lock (FLL) to construct the direct readout circuit. This weakens feedback current interferences and maintains the balance between SQUID two terminals, which in turn minimizes the influence of wire resistors. The SDLA is composed of matched transistors and two amplifiers that maintain stable amplification performance and low noise performance through current feedback. In a series of experiments, the feedback current is reduced to the pA level, minimizing wire resistor influences; the voltage white noise of the readout circuit is around 0.65 nV/Hz\u003csup\u003e1/2\u003c/sup\u003e. 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